Device for calcining cyanide-containing waste residue and biomass for soil improvement and its usage method

Abstract

The invention discloses a cyanide-containing waste slag and biomass calcination soil transformation equipment, which comprises a crushing and mixing mechanism, a spiral feeding trough, a calcination mechanism, a batching mechanism, a cooling water circulation device, a tail gas absorption device, and a compounding liquid preparation tank; when the device is used, the cyanide-containing waste slag and biomass are subjected to six steps of crushing and mixing, preheating, spraying additives, calcining, cooling, and compounding to form nutrient soil, and the cyanide contained in the raw materials is removed after medium-temperature / high-temperature calcination, while reducing the content of heavy metals and other toxic substances in the cyanide-containing waste slag; the modified additives and the nutrient soil compounding agent are uniformly mixed on the materials in the transmission process through a spraying device added in the middle of the channel; the temperature of the calcined materials is reduced by a cooling water circulation system, and the materials can be used in the temperature treatment process of the preheating room materials after the temperature treatment; the prepared nutrient soil contains a large number of microorganisms and nutrient elements suitable for crop growth, and the harmless treatment of the cyanide-containing waste slag is achieved while expanding the utilization of industrial solid waste in the soil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of soil utilization of solid waste, and specifically relates to a soil utilization device for cyanide-containing waste residue in coordination with biomass calcination and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Cyanide has a strong complexing ability with metal ions and is easy to react with cytochrome P 450 The cyanide is combined with the trivalent iron ions in the cyanide, thereby making it lose the ability to transfer electrons in respiration and become fatally toxic. However, cyanide is widely present in the industrial production process and is produced in large quantities in industries such as smelting, electroplating, washing and injection, paint, dye, rubber, etc. The cyanide produced in the production process of these industries is often present in waste liquid or waste residue. However, the storage problem of solid waste has not yet been well solved worldwide, especially the treatment of cyanide-containing waste residue. Such waste residue is often stored in the open air. After a long period of sun and rain, the cyanide and other toxic and harmful substances in the cyanide-containing waste residue are easily precipitated out of the pile with the runoff, causing serious damage to the ecological environment around the yard. Plants are easily absorbed by cyanide and eaten by animals, which will threaten human life, health and safety through the accumulation of the food chain. Therefore, how to properly handle and dispose of cyanide-containing waste residue and realize resource utilization is a technical difficulty that needs to be solved in current development. Waste residues that have been freed of cyanide and heavy metals also contain a large number of nutrients such as P, N, K, Mg, and Ca that can be used for crop growth, and have a certain basis for soil physical and chemical properties. The harmless treatment of cyanide-containing waste residues by calcination and the improvement of the effectiveness of elements required by crops, the simultaneous treatment of cyanide-containing waste residues and resource utilization, and the promotion of green and ecological treatment and disposal of industrial solid wastes have become hot issues in research.

[0003] CN202220895404.1 discloses a waste heat recovery device after calcination of phosphogypsum solid waste residue. The device has novel design in terms of waste heat recovery during calcination of phosphogypsum, but as a solid waste treatment and disposal device, its solid waste treatment and disposal process is not perfect enough, and it fails to achieve the purpose of comprehensive harmless treatment and resource utilization of solid waste. CN202011484808 discloses a harmless resource utilization method for cyanidation gold extraction tailings, which only uses a high-temperature calcination system for treatment, and does not consider the promotion of production efficiency by preheating, cooling and other links during high-temperature calcination, resulting in low production efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0004] Aiming at the problems of difficult management, large environmental pollution and low resource utilization efficiency existing in the existing cyanide-containing waste residues stored in piles, the present invention provides a cyanide-containing waste residue collaborative biomass calcination and soilification equipment, which makes nutrient soil after six steps of crushing and mixing, preheating, spraying additives, calcining, cooling and compounding the cyanide-containing waste residues and biomass. The cyanide contained in the raw materials is removed after medium-temperature / high-temperature calcination, and at the same time, the content of harmful substances such as heavy metals in the cyanide-containing waste residues is reduced.

[0005] The cyanide-containing waste residue collaborative biomass calcination and soilification device of the present invention includes a crushing and mixing mechanism, a spiral feeding trough, a calcination mechanism, a batching mechanism, a cooling water circulation device, a tail gas absorption device, and a compounding liquid preparation tank; the crushing and mixing mechanism includes a housing, a feeding port is provided at the top of the housing, a crushing wheel is installed in the housing, a bottom plate is inclined at the bottom of the housing, a toothed turntable II is installed on the bottom plate, the lower end of the spiral feeding trough I is arranged in the housing and above the toothed turntable, and the other end is connected to the top of the calcination mechanism through a conveying channel I; the calcination mechanism includes a housing, the inner cavity of the housing is divided into a preheating chamber and a calcination chamber by a heat-insulating material layer, an inlet with an anti-impact baffle is opened at the top of the preheating chamber, two groups of interconnected hydrothermal coiled pipes are arranged in the preheating chamber, the bottoms of the preheating chamber and the calcination chamber are both bottoms provided with toothed turntable I, outlets are opened at the bottoms of the preheating chamber and the calcination chamber and a spiral feeding device is arranged at the outlet, a tail gas outlet is arranged at the top of the preheating chamber, an electromagnetic heating coil is arranged in the calcination chamber, a nozzle connected to the modified liquid preparation tank is arranged at the inlet of the calcination chamber, the outlet of the calcination chamber is connected to the batching mechanism through a spiral feeding trough II and a conveying channel II in sequence, a nitrogen inlet is arranged on one side of the top of the calcination chamber, and the tail gas outlets on the preheating chamber and the calcination chamber are respectively connected to the tail gas absorption device; the batching mechanism includes a housing, the inner cavity of the housing is divided into a cooling chamber and a compounding chamber, an anti-impact baffle is arranged at the inlet of the cooling chamber, two groups of interconnected cooling coiled pipes are arranged in the housing, the water inlet of the cooling coiled pipe is connected to the cooling water pump, the water outlet of the cooling coiled pipe is connected to the steam generator, the steam generator is connected to the water inlet of the hydrothermal coiled pipe, and the water outlet of the hydrothermal coiled pipe is connected to the steam generator; the bottoms of the cooling chamber and the compounding chamber are both bottoms provided with toothed turntable I, outlets are opened at the bottoms of the cooling chamber and the compounding chamber and a spiral feeding device is arranged at the outlet, a nozzle connected to the compounding liquid preparation tank is arranged at the inlet of the compounding chamber, a stirring paddle is arranged in the compounding chamber, and the processed material enters the finished product warehouse through a spiral feeding trough III. The toothed turntable I is connected to the output shaft of the stepping motor and driven by it to rotate; the spiral feeding devices are all driven to rotate by a dual-control stepping motor.

[0006] The inclination angle of the bottom plate in the crushing and mixing mechanism is 5° to 40°, and the distance between the bottom plate and the inlet of the spiral feeding trough I is 5 to 25 cm.

[0007] The hydrothermal coil in the preheating chamber, the cooling coil in the cooling chamber and the steam generator cooperate to form a cooling water circulation device. The material in the cooling chamber heats the cooling water. After being heated, the cooling water enters the steam generator and then enters the preheating chamber to preheat the material. The water discharged from the preheating chamber can enter the steam generator again.

[0008] The double-control stepping motor drives the double control shafts to realize the control of the material transfer in two chambers by one shaft.

[0009] At the entrances of the preheating chamber, the calcination chamber, the cooling chamber and the compounding chamber, a first-stage closing plate, a second-stage closing plate, a fourth-stage closing plate and a fifth-stage closing plate are respectively arranged. At the exits of the calcination chamber and the compounding chamber, a third-stage closing plate and a sixth-stage closing plate are respectively arranged.

[0010] The anti-impact baffle is a conical panel.

[0011] The temperature of the preheating chamber is 150~300°C.

[0012] The temperature of the calcination chamber is 200~1300°C.

[0013] The usage method of the above device is as follows:

[0014] (1) The cyanide-containing waste residue and biomass are crushed and mixed in the crushing and mixing mechanism and then sent into the spiral feeding trough I.

[0015] (2) Close the second-stage closing plate. The material enters the preheating chamber through the spiral feeding trough I and the conveying channel I. Under the action of the anti-impact baffle, it is evenly distributed in the preheating chamber. When the height of the material in the preheating chamber covers the hydrothermal coil, stop feeding. Close the first-stage closing plate. The steam generated by the steam generator at 150~300°C enters the hydrothermal coil to preheat the material. The waste gas generated during the preheating process enters the tail gas absorption device through the tail gas outlet.

[0016] (3) Open the second-stage closing plate, close the third-stage closing plate, start the toothed turntable I in the preheating chamber and the spiral feeding device at the outlet of the preheating chamber, start the nozzle, and the spraying flow rate is 5~50 mL / s, so that the material is fully mixed with the modification solution. When all the material in the preheating chamber enters the calcination chamber, close the second-stage closing plate, start the electromagnetic heating coil, and heat the material in the calcination chamber at a heating rate of 5~30°C / min to 200~1300°C and calcine for 20~600 min.

[0017] (4) Open the third-stage closing plate and the fourth-stage closing plate, close the fifth-stage closing plate, start the toothed turntable at the bottom of the calcination chamber and the spiral feeding device at the outlet. The material falls through the spiral feeding trough II and the conveying channel II, and is evenly distributed in the cooling chamber under the action of the anti-impact baffle. The cooling water cools the material at a rate of 5~15°C / min through the cooling coil until the temperature drops to 30°C.

[0018] (5) Close the sixth - level closing plate, open the fifth - level closing plate, start the toothed rotary disc I at the bottom of the cooling chamber and the screw feeding device at the outlet, start the nozzle, and the spraying flow rate is 5 - 50 mL / s, so that the cooled material is fully mixed with the compounding liquid. The stirring paddle and the screw feeding device rotate synchronously to stir the material. The stirring rate is 10 - 100 r / min, and the stirring time is 5 - 30 min;

[0019] (6) Open the sixth - level closing plate, start the screw feeding device at the outlet of the compounding chamber, and after the material falls, it is sent to the finished product warehouse through the screw feeding trough III.

[0020] The cyanide - containing waste residue is a solid waste with a cyanide content ranging from 0.5 to 800 mg / kg, accounting for 30% - 90% of the weight of the mixed material; the biomass is one or more of corncobs, fruit tree branches, sawdust, domestic sewage sludge, livestock and poultry manure, rice husks, bagasse, coconut shells, straw, accounting for 10% - 70% of the weight of the mixed material.

[0021] The solute in the modified solution is one of HCl, NaOH, [Hmim]Tf2N, [Hmim]CuCl2, [Hmim]FeCl4

[0022] The solute in the compounding liquid is one or several of EM bacterial agent, Ca(H2PO4)2, CaHPO4, NH4NO3, K2CO3.

[0023] The absorbent in the tail gas absorption device is one of sodium hydroxide solution, ammonia water, sodium carbonate solution, sodium bicarbonate solution, calcium hydroxide solution, sodium chloride solution, potassium sulfate solution, potassium hydroxide solution, and the concentration is 0.01 - 1.00 mol / L.

[0024] Adopting the technical solution provided by the present invention, the beneficial effects include:

[0025] 1. The main pollutants in the cyanide - containing waste residue are cyanide and heavy metal substances. As the main pollutant, cyanide is in a gaseous state above 300 °C, and a small amount of heavy metals are in a gaseous state above 130 °C. Such substances are easily removed from the waste residue under high - temperature action and are removed by being absorbed by the tail gas absorption device;

[0026] 2. The cyanide - containing waste residue contains a large amount of nutrient elements that can be directly utilized by crops. After calcination with biomass, the stability of the generated primary nutrient soil is significantly improved, making it generate stable conditions suitable for plant growth and microbial reproduction;

[0027] 3. The primary nutrient soil generated is further upgraded through compounding technology, quantitatively supplemented with the lacking elements, further improving the nutritional value of the nutrient soil, and inoculated with microorganisms, so that the produced nutrient soil can be directly put into the agricultural production process;

[0028] 4. Through the cooling water recycling technology, a large amount of heat generated after calcination is effectively utilized for preheating the raw materials, greatly reducing the production cost;

[0029] 5. The nutrient soil prepared by co-calcining cyanide-containing waste residues and biomass not only has rich nutrients and excellent physical and chemical properties, but also has good carbon capture performance after being modified with calcium, magnesium and phosphate, which is beneficial to continuous carbon sequestration in the soil, has great potential in solving soil infertility and tillage obstacles, effectively solves the problem of large-scale stacking of solid waste, and broadens the utilization way of cyanide-containing waste residues for soil improvement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the device of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a schematic top view position diagram of the hydrothermal coiled pipe in the preheating chamber;

[0032] Figure 3 It is the leaching concentration of cyanide and metal ions before treatment in Example 1;

[0033] Figure 4 It is the leaching concentration of cyanide and metal ions after treatment in Example 1;

[0034] Figure 5 It is the content of available elements after treatment in Example 1;

[0035] Figure 6 It is the leaching concentration of cyanide and metal ions before treatment in Example 1;

[0036] Figure 7 It is the leaching concentration of cyanide and metal ions after treatment in Example 1;

[0037] Figure 8 It is the content of available elements after treatment in Example 1;

[0038] Figure 9 It is the leaching concentration of cyanide and metal ions before treatment in Example 1;

[0039] Figure 10 It is the leaching concentration of cyanide and metal ions after treatment in Example 1;

[0040] Figure 11 It is the content of available elements after treatment in Example 1;

[0041] In the figure: 1 - crushing and mixing mechanism; 2 - spiral feeding trough I; 3 - anti-impact baffle; 4 - preheating chamber; 5 - hydrothermal coil; 6 - toothed turntable I; 7 - spiral feeding device; 8 - stepping motor; 9 - nozzle; 10 - calcination chamber; 11 - electromagnetic heating coil; 12 - double control shaft; 13 - modified solution preparation tank; 14 - double-control stepping motor; 15 - steam generator; 16 - tail gas absorption device; 17 - tail gas outlet; 18 - cooling chamber; 19 - cooling coil; 20 - compounding chamber; 21 - cooling water inlet; 22 - stirring paddle; 23 - cooling water pump; 24 - compound solution preparation tank; 25 - finished product warehouse; 26 - finished product outlet; 27 - feed inlet; 28 - crushing wheel; 29 - toothed turntable II; 30 - conveying channel I; 31 - spiral feeding trough II; 32 - conveying channel II; 33 - spiral feeding trough III; 34 - nitrogen inlet; 35 - first-stage closing plate; 36 - second-stage closing plate; 37 - third-stage closing plate; 38 - fourth-stage closing plate; 39 - fifth-stage closing plate; 40 - sixth-stage closing plate. Detailed implementation mode

[0042] The present invention will be further described in detail below through embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the content described. Embodiment 1

[0043] As Figure 1 , 2As shown in the figure, the device used in the following embodiments includes a crushing and mixing mechanism 1, a spiral feeding trough I 2, a calcining mechanism, a batching mechanism, a cooling water circulation device 15, a tail gas absorption device 16, and a compound liquid preparation tank 24; the crushing and mixing mechanism 1 includes a housing with a feeding port 27 at the top. Inside the housing, there is a crushing wheel 28. At the bottom of the housing, there is an inclined bottom plate, and a toothed turntable II 29 is installed on the bottom plate. The lower end of the spiral feeding trough I 2 is arranged inside the housing and above the toothed turntable, and the other end is connected to the top of the calcining mechanism through a conveying channel I 30; the calcining mechanism includes a housing, and the inner cavity of the housing is divided into a preheating chamber 4 and a calcining chamber 10 by a heat-insulating material layer. At the top of the preheating chamber 4, there is an inlet with an impact-resistant baffle 3. The impact-resistant baffle 3 is a conical panel and is arranged at the inlet through a bracket. At the inlet of the preheating chamber 4, there is also a first-stage closing plate 35. Inside the preheating chamber, there are two groups of interconnected hydrothermal coiled pipes 5. At the bottom of both the preheating chamber and the calcining chamber, there is a bottom with a toothed turntable I 6. At the bottom of both the preheating chamber and the calcining chamber, there are outlets, and a spiral feeding device 7 is arranged at the outlets. At the top of the preheating chamber 4, there is a tail gas outlet 17. Inside the calcining chamber 10, there is an electromagnetic heating coil 11. At the inlet of the calcining chamber 10, there is a nozzle 9 and a second-stage closing plate 36 connected to the modified liquid preparation tank 13. The outlet of the calcining chamber 10 is connected to the batching mechanism through a spiral feeding trough II 31 and a conveying channel II 32 in sequence. At the outlet of the calcining chamber 10, there is a third-stage closing plate 37. On one side of the top of the calcining chamber 10, there is a nitrogen inlet 34. The tail gas outlets on the preheating chamber and the calcining chamber 10 are respectively connected to the tail gas absorption device 16; the batching mechanism includes a housing, and the inner cavity of the housing is divided into a cooling chamber 18 and a compounding chamber 20. At the inlet of the cooling chamber 18, there is an impact-resistant baffle. Inside the housing, there are two groups of interconnected cooling coiled pipes 19. The water inlet of the cooling coiled pipe 19 is connected to a cooling water pump 23 with a cooling water inlet 21, and the water outlet of the cooling coiled pipe 19 is connected to a steam generator 15. The steam generator 15 is connected to the water inlet of the hydrothermal coiled pipe 5, and the water outlet of the hydrothermal coiled pipe 5 is connected to the steam generator; at the bottom of both the cooling chamber and the compounding chamber, there is a bottom with a toothed turntable I. At the inlets of the cooling chamber and the compounding chamber, there are a fourth-stage closing plate 38 and a fifth-stage closing plate 39 respectively. At the outlet of the compounding chamber, there is a sixth-stage closing plate. At the bottom of both the cooling chamber and the compounding chamber, there are outlets, and a spiral feeding device is arranged at the outlets. At the inlet of the compounding chamber, there is a nozzle connected to the compound liquid preparation tank 24. Inside the compounding chamber 20, there is a stirring paddle 22. The processed material enters the finished product warehouse 25 through a spiral feeding trough III 33, and the finished product warehouse 25 is provided with a finished product outlet 26.

[0044] In this embodiment, the raw materials are 80% gold tailings and 20% corncobs. The modification solution is NaOH liquid with a concentration of 0.01 mol / L. The tail gas absorption solution is 0.1 mol / L ammonia water solution. The compound solution is a solution containing 0.1 mol / L NH4NO3, 0.1 mol / L K2CO3, and 10 mg / kg of commercially available EM bacterial agent. The content of cyanide in the mixed material is 23 mg / kg.

[0045] The mixed material is crushed and mixed by a crushing and mixing mechanism and then sent into the spiral feeding trough Ⅰ2. The secondary closing plate 36 is closed. The material discharged from the spiral feeding trough Ⅰ2 falls into the preheating chamber 4 after passing through the conveying channel Ⅰ 30. It is evenly distributed in the preheating chamber by the impact prevention baffle 3. Feeding stops when the height of the material in the preheating chamber exceeds the preheating coil pipe. The primary closing plate 35 is closed. Steam at 200 °C generated by the steam generator 15 enters the hydrothermal coil pipe 5 to preheat the material. The waste gas generated during the preheating process enters the tail gas absorption device 16 through the exhaust port. The secondary closing plate 36 is opened, the tertiary closing plate 37 is closed, the toothed turntable Ⅰ of the preheating chamber and the spiral feeding device 7 at the outlet of the preheating chamber are started, and the nozzle 9 is opened with a spraying flow rate of 25 mL / s to make the material fully mixed with the modification solution. After all the material in the preheating chamber 4 enters the calcination chamber 10, the secondary closing plate 36 is closed, and the electromagnetic heating coil 11 is started to heat the material in the calcination chamber 10 at a heating rate of 25 °C / min to 600 °C and maintain the calcination time for 120 min. The tertiary closing plate 37 and the quaternary closing plate 38 are opened, the quinary closing plate 39 is closed, the toothed turntable Ⅰ of the calcination chamber and the spiral feeding device at the outlet are started, the material falls and enters the conveying channel Ⅱ 32 after passing through the spiral feeding trough Ⅱ31, and is evenly distributed in the cooling chamber 18 after the action of the impact prevention baffle. The cooling water cools the material at a rate of 5 °C / min through the cooling coil pipe 19 until the temperature drops to 30 °C. The sixth closing plate 40 is closed, the fifth closing plate 39 is opened, the toothed turntable Ⅰ of the cooling chamber and the spiral feeding device at the outlet are started, the compound solution nozzle is opened with a spraying flow rate of 25 mL / s to make the material fully mixed with the solution, and the stirring paddle rotates synchronously with the spiral feeding device to stir the material at a stirring rate of 20 r / min and a stirring time of 20 min. The sixth closing plate 40 is opened, the spiral feeding device at the outlet of the compounding chamber 20 is started, and the material falls and is sent to the finished product warehouse 25 through the spiral feeding trough Ⅲ 33.

[0046] As Figures 3 - 5 shown, the content of soluble cyanide in the cooled nutrient soil decreases from the initial 24 mg / kg to 0.03 mg / kg; the heavy metal contents of Pb, Cr, Ni, and Cu all show a significant decrease, and the toxicity after treatment meets the Surface Water Quality Standard (GB3838 - 2002); the content of available elements for plants is rich.

[0047] Example 2: The device used in this example is the same as that in Example 1;

[0048] In this example, the raw materials are 75% electroplating cyanide-containing waste residue and 25% bagasse. The modified solution is [Hmim]CuCl2 ionic liquid with a concentration of 0.05 mol / L. The tail gas absorption solution is 0.2 mol / L HCl solution. The concentrations of CaHPO4 and NH4NO3 in the compound solution are 0.2 mol / L, and the EM bacterial agent is 15 mg / kg. The cyanide content in the mixed material is 43 mg / kg.

[0049] The mixed material is crushed and mixed by the crushing and mixing mechanism and then sent into the spiral feeding trough Ⅰ 2. The secondary closing plate 36 is closed. The material discharged from the spiral feeding trough Ⅰ 2 falls into the preheating chamber 4 after passing through the conveying channel Ⅰ 30. It is evenly distributed in the preheating chamber under the action of the anti-impact baffle 3. The feeding stops when the height of the material in the preheating chamber exceeds the preheating coil. The primary closing plate 35 is closed. The steam generated by the steam generator 15 at 250 °C enters the hydrothermal coil 5 to preheat the material. The waste gas generated during the preheating process enters the tail gas absorption device 16 through the exhaust port. The secondary closing plate 36 is opened, the tertiary closing plate 37 is closed, the toothed turntable Ⅰ in the preheating chamber and the spiral feeding device 7 at the outlet of the preheating chamber are started, and the nozzle 9 is opened with a spraying flow rate of 20 mL / s to make the material fully mixed with the modified solution. Wait until all the material in the preheating chamber 4 enters the calcination chamber 10. The secondary closing plate 36 is closed, and the electromagnetic heating coil 11 is started to heat the material in the calcination chamber 10 at a heating rate of 25 °C / min to 800 °C and maintain the calcination time for 240 min. The tertiary closing plate 37 and the quaternary closing plate 38 are opened, the quinary closing plate 39 is closed, the toothed turntable Ⅰ in the calcination chamber and the spiral feeding device at the outlet are started. The material falls and then enters the conveying channel Ⅱ 32 through the spiral feeding trough Ⅱ 31. It is evenly distributed in the cooling chamber 18 under the action of the anti-impact baffle. The cooling water cools the material at a rate of 10 °C / min through the cooling coil 19 until the temperature drops to 30 °C. The sixth closing plate 40 is closed, the fifth closing plate 39 is opened, the toothed turntable Ⅰ in the cooling chamber and the spiral feeding device at the outlet are started, and the compound solution nozzle is opened with a spraying flow rate of 20 mL / s to make the material fully mixed with the solution. The stirring paddle and the spiral feeding device rotate synchronously to stir the material at a stirring rate of 50 r / min for 30 min. The sixth closing plate 40 is opened, and the spiral feeding device at the outlet of the compounding chamber 20 is started. The material falls and is sent to the finished product warehouse 25 through the spiral feeding trough Ⅲ 33.

[0050] As Figures 6 - 8As shown, the dissolved cyanide content in the cooled nutrient soil decreased from the initial 43 mg / kg to 0.21 mg / kg; the heavy metal contents of Pb, Cr, Ni, and Cu all showed a significant decrease, and the toxicity after treatment met the Surface Water Quality Standard (GB3838 - 2002); the content of available elements for plants was rich.

[0051] Example 3: In this example, the raw materials are 90% cyanide - containing waste residue from the rubber industry and 10% bagasse, the modification solution is hydrochloric acid liquid with a concentration of 0.2 mol / L, the tail - gas absorption solution is 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution, the concentrations of CaHPO4 and NH4NO3 in the compound solution are 0.2 mol / L, and the EM bacterial agent is 20 mg / kg; the cyanide content in the mixed material is 34 mg / kg.

[0052] The mixed material is crushed and mixed by a crushing and mixing mechanism and then sent into the spiral feeding trough Ⅰ2. The secondary closing plate 36 is closed. The material discharged from the spiral feeding trough Ⅰ2 falls into the pre - heating chamber 4 after passing through the conveying channel Ⅰ30. It is evenly distributed in the pre - heating chamber by the impact - proof baffle 3. Feeding stops when the height of the material in the pre - heating chamber exceeds the pre - heating coil. The primary closing plate 35 is closed. Steam at 200 °C generated by the steam generator 15 enters the hydrothermal coil 5 to pre - heat the material. The waste gas generated during the pre - heating process enters the tail - gas absorption device 16 through the exhaust port. The secondary closing plate 36 is opened, the tertiary closing plate 37 is closed, the toothed turntable Ⅰ in the pre - heating chamber and the spiral feeding device at the pre - heating chamber outlet 7 are started, the nozzle 9 is opened, and the spraying flow rate is 30 mL / s, so that the material is fully mixed with the modification solution. After all the material in the pre - heating chamber 4 enters the calcination chamber 10, the secondary closing plate 36 is closed, the electromagnetic heating coil 11 is started, and the material in the calcination chamber 10 is heated to 1000 °C at a heating rate of 30 °C / min and kept for 200 min. The tertiary closing plate 37 and the quaternary closing plate 38 are opened, the quinary closing plate 39 is closed, the toothed turntable Ⅰ in the calcination chamber and the spiral feeding device at the outlet are started, the material falls and then enters the conveying channel Ⅱ32 after passing through the spiral feeding trough Ⅱ31. It is evenly distributed in the cooling chamber 18 by the impact - proof baffle. Cooling water cools the material at a rate of 15 °C / min through the cooling coil 19 until the temperature drops to 30 °C. The sixth - level closing plate 40 is closed, the quinary closing plate 39 is opened, the toothed turntable Ⅰ in the cooling chamber and the spiral feeding device at the outlet are started, the compound - solution nozzle is opened, and the spraying flow rate is 30 mL / s, so that the material is fully mixed with the solution. The stirring paddle rotates synchronously with the spiral feeding device to stir the material, the stirring rate is 30 r / min, and the stirring time is 60 min. The sixth - level closing plate 40 is opened, the spiral feeding device at the outlet of the compounding chamber 20 is started, and the material falls and is sent to the finished - product warehouse 25 through the spiral feeding trough Ⅲ33.

[0053] As Figures 9 - 11As shown, the soluble cyanide content in the cooled nutrient soil decreased from the initial 34 mg / kg to 0.13 mg / kg; the heavy metal contents of Pb, Cr, Ni, and Cu all showed a significant decrease, and the toxicity after treatment met the Surface Water Quality Standard (GB3838 - 2002); the content of available elements for plants is rich.

Claims

1. A device for calcining and soilifying cyanide-containing waste residue in cooperation with biomass, characterized in that: It includes a crushing and mixing mechanism (1), a spiral feeding trough, a calcining mechanism, a batching mechanism, a cooling water circulation device, a tail gas absorption device (16), and a compound liquid preparation tank (24); The crushing and mixing mechanism (1) includes a housing. There is a feeding port (27) at the top of the housing. A crushing wheel (28) is installed inside the housing. The bottom of the housing is inclined with a bottom plate. A toothed turntable II (29) is installed on the bottom plate. The lower end of the spiral feeding trough I (2) is arranged inside the housing and above the toothed turntable, and the other end is connected to the top of the calcining mechanism through a conveying channel I (30); The calcining mechanism includes a housing. The inner cavity of the housing is separated into a preheating chamber (4) and a calcining chamber (10) by a heat insulation material layer. There is an inlet with an anti-impact baffle (3) at the top of the preheating chamber (4). Two groups of interconnected hydrothermal coils (5) are arranged inside the preheating chamber. The bottoms of the preheating chamber and the calcining chamber are both bottoms provided with toothed turntables I (6). There are outlets at the bottoms of the preheating chamber and the calcining chamber, and a spiral feeding device (7) is arranged at the outlets. There is a tail gas outlet (17) at the top of the preheating chamber (4). An electromagnetic heating coil (11) is arranged inside the calcining chamber (10). A spray head (9) connected to the modified liquid preparation tank (13) is arranged at the inlet of the calcining chamber (10). The outlet of the calcining chamber (10) is connected to the batching mechanism through a spiral feeding trough II (31) and a conveying channel II (32) in sequence. There is a nitrogen inlet (34) on one side of the top of the calcining chamber (10). The tail gas outlets on the preheating chamber and the calcining chamber (10) are respectively connected to the tail gas absorption device (16); The batching mechanism includes a housing. The inner cavity of the housing is separated into a cooling chamber (18) and a compounding chamber (20). There is an anti-impact baffle at the inlet of the cooling chamber (18). Two groups of interconnected cooling coils (19) are arranged inside the housing. The water inlet of the cooling coil (19) is connected to a cooling water pump (23). The water outlet of the cooling coil (19) is connected to a steam generator (15). The steam generator (15) is connected to the water inlet of the hydrothermal coil (5). The water outlet of the hydrothermal coil (5) is connected to the steam generator; The bottoms of the cooling chamber and the compounding chamber are both bottoms provided with toothed turntables I. There are outlets at the bottoms of the cooling chamber and the compounding chamber, and a spiral feeding device is arranged at the outlets. A spray head connected to the compound liquid preparation tank (24) is arranged at the inlet of the compounding chamber. A stirring paddle (22) is arranged inside the compounding chamber (20). The processed material enters the finished product warehouse (25) through a spiral feeding trough III (33).

2. The device for calcining and soilifying cyanide-containing waste residue in cooperation with biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclination angle of the bottom plate in the crushing and mixing mechanism is 5° - 40°, and the distance between the bottom plate and the inlet of the spiral feeding trough I is 5 - 25 cm.

3. The device for calcining and soilifying cyanide-containing waste residue in cooperation with biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first-stage closing plate (35), a second-stage closing plate (36), a fourth-stage closing plate (38), and a fifth-stage closing plate (39) are respectively arranged at the inlets of the preheating chamber, the calcining chamber, the cooling chamber, and the compounding chamber. A third-stage closing plate (37) and a sixth-stage closing plate (40) are respectively arranged at the outlets of the calcining chamber and the compounding chamber.

4. The device for calcining and soilifying cyanide-containing waste residue in cooperation with biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The double-control stepping motor (14) is connected to the spiral feeding device through a double-control shaft (12).

5. A method for using the device for calcining and soilifying cyanide-containing waste residue in cooperation with biomass according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that The steps are as follows: (1) The cyanide-containing waste residue and biomass are crushed and mixed in the crushing and mixing mechanism and then sent into the spiral feeding trough I (2); (2)Close the secondary closing plate (36). The material enters the preheating chamber (4) through the spiral feeding trough I (2) and the conveying channel I (30), and is evenly distributed in the preheating chamber under the action of the anti-impact baffle (3). Stop feeding when the height of the material in the preheating chamber exceeds the hydrothermal coil. Close the primary closing plate (35). Steam generated by the steam generator (15) at 150 - 300 °C enters the hydrothermal coil (5) to preheat the material. The waste gas generated during the preheating process enters the tail gas absorption device through the tail gas outlet (17). (3)Open the secondary closing plate (36), close the tertiary closing plate (37), activate the toothed turntable I in the preheating chamber and the spiral feeding device at the preheating chamber outlet, and activate the nozzle (9) with a spraying flow rate of 5 - 50 mL / s to fully mix the material with the modification solution. Wait until all the material in the preheating chamber (4) enters the calcination chamber (10), then close the secondary closing plate (36), and activate the electromagnetic heating coil (11) to heat the material in the calcination chamber (10) at a heating rate of 5 - 30 °C / min to 200 - 1300 °C and calcine for 20 - 600 min. (4)Open the tertiary closing plate (37) and the quaternary closing plate (38), close the quinary closing plate (39), activate the toothed turntable at the bottom of the calcination chamber and the spiral feeding device at the outlet. The material falls through the spiral feeding trough II (31) and the conveying channel II (32), and is evenly distributed in the cooling chamber (18) under the action of the anti-impact baffle. Cooling water passes through the cooling coil (19) to cool the material at a rate of 5 - 15 °C / min until the temperature drops to 30 °C. (5)Close the sixth closing plate (40), open the quinary closing plate (39), activate the toothed turntable at the bottom of the cooling chamber and the spiral feeding device at the outlet, activate the nozzle with a spraying flow rate of 5 - 50 mL / s to fully mix the cooled material with the compound solution. The stirring paddle rotates synchronously with the spiral feeding device to stir the material at a stirring rate of 10 - 100 r / min for 5 - 30 min. (6)Open the sixth closing plate (40), activate the spiral feeding device at the outlet of the compounding chamber (20). After the material falls, it is sent to the finished product warehouse (25) through the spiral feeding trough III (33).

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cyanide-containing waste residue is a solid waste with a cyanide content ranging from 0.5 to 800 mg / kg, accounting for 30% - 90% of the weight of the mixed material; the biomass is one or more of corn cob, fruit tree branches, sawdust, domestic sewage sludge, livestock manure, rice husk, bagasse, coconut shell, and straw, accounting for 10% - 70% of the weight of the mixed material.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The solute in the modification solution is one of HCl, NaOH, [Hmim]Tf2N, [Hmim]CuCl2, [Hmim]FeCl4.

8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The solute in the compound solution is one or several of EM bacterial agent, Ca(H2PO4)2, CaHPO4, NH4NO3, K2CO3.

9. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The absorbent in the tail gas absorption device is one of sodium hydroxide solution, ammonia water, sodium carbonate solution, sodium bicarbonate solution, calcium hydroxide solution, sodium chloride solution, potassium sulfate solution, and potassium hydroxide solution, with a concentration of 0.01 - 1.00 mol / L.

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