Method of use of a spreader, spreader, crane

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of hoist's use method, hoist, crane, comprising: at least two clamping arms are connected with counterweight base to form clamp;Pulling rod is slidably connected with counterweight base, and the sliding axis of pulling rod and counterweight base is B axis;Counterweight base, clamping arm, transmission device and pulling rod constitute deformable structure, and if clamp is support inflation clamp, the inside angle of the lower end of clamping arm and counterweight base is obtuse angle, if clamp is embrace clamp, the inside angle of the lower end of clamping arm and counterweight base is acute angle;It can be used to reset the angle of clamping arm and counterweight base in enabling control mode by enabling clamping arm reset device, in disabled control mode, the angle of clamping arm and counterweight base is adjustable state.A kind of crane, including sling and the aforementioned hoist, sling is fixedly connected with pulling rod in B axis direction.Using them facilitates small starting force to realize the clamping force amplification effect to object.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of lifting slings, in particular to a lifting sling use method, a lifting sling and a crane. BACKGROUND

[0002] A lifting sling is a device used for lifting heavy objects in hoisting machinery. The most commonly used lifting slings are hooks, lifting belts, and other lifting rings, lifting suction cups, tongs, and forks.

[0003] Industrial paper rolls are generally cylindrical in shape. Paper rolls wound on hollow tubes are hollow paper rolls, and paper rolls wound on solid cylinders are solid paper rolls. For example, a solid paper roll has an outer diameter of 750mm to 1250mm, a maximum height of 3.6m, and a maximum weight of 4.2 tons. Currently, when storing this type of solid paper roll in a warehouse, a single solid paper roll is usually placed vertically, and a multi-layer stacking method is used to improve space utilization. When transporting this type of solid paper roll over a short distance, a forklift is usually used for transportation, and a lifting sling is used for lifting and pulling.

[0004] In the prior art, there are three ways to use a lifting sling to lift a hollow paper roll: first, the lifting sling includes a hook and a lifting rod, the lifting rod passes through the tube hole of the horizontally placed hollow paper roll, and two hooks hook and pull the two ends of the lifting rod. For details, see patent documents CN216863384U, CN208054707U, and CN105129604A, which disclose a paper roll lifting device, a paper machine, and a novel movable paper roll cylinder lifting device. Second, the outer diameter of the lifting sling can be expanded or reduced. After the lifting sling is inserted into the tube hole of the vertically placed hollow paper roll, the outer diameter of the lifting sling is expanded, and the hollow paper roll can be lifted when the friction between the lifting sling and the hollow tube is equal to the weight of the hollow paper roll. For details, see patent documents CN102815602A and CN200949009Y, which disclose a paper roll lifting tool and a lifting device. Third, the paper roll is clamped by tongs. For details, see patent document CN201024042Y, which discloses a turnover type cylindrical paper clamping and lifting device. Since the solid paper roll does not have a tube hole, the last lifting method must be used to lift the solid paper roll. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a lifting sling use method, a lifting sling, and a crane to reduce the requirement for an initial clamping force provided externally. When the clamp is adjusted to adapt to clamping a cylindrical body, the lifting sling and crane of the present application also facilitate lifting a vertically placed paper roll, especially a solid paper roll.

[0006] The technical solution of the present application is:

[0007] A method for using a lifting device, the lifting device comprising a base, a clamping arm and a lifting rod, at least two of the clamping arms being connected to the base to form a clamping device, the lifting rod being slidably connected to the base, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S11, movably connecting the clamping arm and the lifting rod, and enabling the lifting rod to be bidirectionally linked with the clamping arm;

[0009] S12, maintaining the included angle ∠ between the clamping arm and the base; α to design an obtuse angle, lifting and moving the lifting rod to set the clamping device at a clamping position of a target object;

[0010] S13, lifting the lifting rod to remove the force for maintaining the included angle between the clamping arm and the base, and enabling the center of gravity of the base with the counterweight to move downward to drive the included angle ∠ to expand until the clamping device is frictionally connected with the inner wall of the hole of the target object; α

[0011] S14, lifting the lifting rod, and enabling the downward frictional force of the target object on the clamping device to further increase the expansion pressure of the clamping device on the target object;

[0012] wherein the included angle ∠ is an angle between the lower end of the clamping arm and the radial centripetal side of the counterweight base. α

[0013] Preferably, the base is a counterweight base, or in the step S13, the base is loaded with a counterweight.

[0014] Preferably, in the step S12, a anti-falling part is further fixed above the clamping wall of the target object.

[0015] A method for using a lifting device, the lifting device comprising a base, a clamping arm and a lifting rod, at least two of the clamping arms being connected to the base to form a clamping device, the lifting rod being slidably connected to the base, comprising the following steps:

[0016] S11, movably connecting the clamping arm and the lifting rod, and enabling the lifting rod to be bidirectionally linked with the clamping arm;

[0017] S12, maintaining the included angle ∠ between the clamping arm and the base; α to design an acute angle, lifting and moving the lifting rod to set the clamping device at a clamping position of a target object;

[0018] S13, lifting the lifting rod to remove the force for maintaining the included angle between the clamping arm and the base, and enabling the center of gravity of the base with the counterweight to move downward to drive the included angle ∠ to decrease until the clamping device is frictionally connected with the outer wall of the target object; α

[0019] ​​​S14, lifting the lifting rod, the downward friction force of the target object to the clamp causes the clamp to further increase the clamping pressure on the target object;

[0020] wherein, ∠ α is the angle between the lower end of the clamping arm and the radial centripetal side of the counterweight base.

[0021] Preferably, the base is a counterweight base, or, in step S13, the base is loaded with a counterweight.

[0022] Preferably, in step S12, a anti-drop part is also fixed above the clamping wall of the target object.

[0023] A lifting device, comprising a counterweight base, a clamping arm, a lifting rod, a transmission device and an enabling type clamping arm reset device; at least two clamping arms are connected with the counterweight base to form a clamping clamp; the lifting rod is slidingly connected with the counterweight base, and the sliding axis of the lifting rod and the counterweight base is B axis; the transmission device is used for transmission connection between the lifting rod and the clamping arm, so that the counterweight base, the clamping arm, the transmission device and the lifting rod constitute a deformable structure, and the included angle ∠ α is an acute angle; the enabling type clamping arm reset device is used for resetting ∠ α in the enabling control mode, and making ∠ α in the disabled control mode be in an adjustable state; wherein, ∠ α is the angle between the lower end of the clamping arm and the radial centripetal side of the counterweight base.

[0024] A lifting device, comprising a counterweight base, a clamping arm, a lifting rod, a transmission device and an enabling type clamping arm reset device; at least two clamping arms are connected with the counterweight base to form a clamping clamp; the lifting rod is slidingly connected with the counterweight base, and the sliding axis of the lifting rod and the counterweight base is B axis; the transmission device is used for transmission connection between the lifting rod and the clamping arm, so that the counterweight base, the clamping arm, the transmission device and the lifting rod constitute a deformable structure, and the included angle ∠ α is an obtuse angle; the enabling type clamping arm reset device is used for resetting ∠ α in the enabling control mode, and making ∠ α in the disabled control mode be in an adjustable state; wherein, ∠ α is the angle between the lower end of the clamping arm and the radial centripetal side of the counterweight base.

[0025] Preferably, in use, the lifting device is lifted by lifting the lifting rod.

[0026] Preferably, a lifting and pulling part is further included, which is fixedly connected with the pulling rod in the B-axis direction, and when the lifting and pulling part is pulled, the B-axis is parallel to the gravity center line of the lifting appliance.

[0027] Further preferably, the geometric center line of the clamp is collinear with the gravity center line.

[0028] Further preferably, the transmission device includes a connecting rod, the connecting point of the connecting rod and the pulling rod is arranged below the counterweight base, the lifting and pulling part is arranged above the counterweight base, and the included angle between the connecting rod and the upper end of the pulling rod is θ ≥90°.

[0029] Preferably, the pulling rod is connected with the counterweight base through a sliding pair, the transmission device includes a connecting rod, one end of the connecting rod is hingedly connected with the clamping arm, and the other end of the connecting rod is hingedly connected with the pulling rod.

[0030] Preferably, the transmission device includes a first pulling rope, one end of the first pulling rope is fixedly connected with the clamping arm, and the other end of the first pulling rope is fixedly connected with the pulling rod.

[0031] Preferably, the pulling rod is connected with the counterweight base through a sliding pair, the transmission device includes a connecting rod and a sliding block, one end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the pulling rod, the other end of the connecting rod is hingedly connected with the sliding block, and the sliding block is slidingly connected with the clamping arm.

[0032] Preferably, the pulling rod is connected with the counterweight base through a cylindrical pair, the transmission device includes a connecting rod and a linkage core, one end of the connecting rod is hingedly connected with the clamping arm, the other end of the connecting rod is hingedly connected with the linkage core, the linkage core is connected with the pulling rod through a cylindrical pair, and a linkage core upper limiting part and a linkage core lower limiting part are further arranged on the pulling rod.

[0033] Further preferably, the enableable clamping arm resetting device includes an angular stroke actuator and a resetting enabling module, the resetting enabling module is used to drive the angular stroke actuator to reset to an initial clamping angle in an enabling control mode, and the angular stroke actuator forms a rotational pair in a disabling control mode.

[0034] Still further preferably, the angular stroke actuator is an angular stroke hydraulic cylinder.

[0035] Still further preferably, the angular stroke actuator is an angular stroke pneumatic cylinder.

[0036] Further preferably, the angular stroke actuator comprises a fixed end, a movable end, a reset spring, a second pulling rope and a pulling mechanism, the fixed end and the movable end are connected in a rotary pair, one end of the reset spring is fixedly connected with the fixed end, the other end of the reset spring is fixedly connected with the movable end, one end of the second pulling rope is connected with the movable end, the second pulling rope is led out from a through hole of the movable end and is fixedly connected with a tension output of the pulling mechanism, the pulling mechanism is arranged opposite to the fixed end, and the telescopic control module is used to set the pulling length of the pulling mechanism.

[0037] Further preferably, the resettable clamping arm device comprises a telescopic rod and a reset enabling module, the reset enabling module is used to drive the telescopic rod to reset to an initial length in an enabling control mode and to form a flexible connection in a disabling control mode.

[0038] Further preferably, the telescopic rod is a straight stroke hydraulic cylinder.

[0039] Further preferably, the telescopic rod is a straight stroke pneumatic cylinder.

[0040] Further preferably, the telescopic rod comprises a reset spring, a second pulling rope and a pulling mechanism, one end of the reset spring is fixedly connected with one end of the second pulling rope, the second pulling rope is led out from the other end of the reset spring and is fixedly connected with a tension output of the pulling mechanism, the pulling mechanism is arranged opposite to the second pulling rope leading-out end of the reset spring, and the telescopic control module is used to set the pulling length of the pulling mechanism.

[0041] Preferably, the clamping arm is connected in a rotary pair with the counterweight base, the rotation axis of the clamping arm and the counterweight base is an A axis, the normal plane of the A axis passing through the geometric center line of the clamp is a vertical plane A, the clamping arm has two clamping arms, and the included angle ∠ β of the two vertical planes A corresponding to the two clamping arms is 180°.

[0042] Preferably, the clamping arm is connected in a rotary pair with the counterweight base, the rotation axis of the clamping arm and the counterweight base is an A axis, the normal plane of the A axis passing through the geometric center line of the clamp is a vertical plane A, the clamping arm has at least three clamping arms, and the included angle ∠ β of the two vertical planes A corresponding to any adjacent two clamping arms is ≤180°.

[0043] Further preferably, the expansion clamp further comprises a friction support, the friction support is connected in a rotary pair with the clamping arm, and the rotation axis of the friction support and the clamping arm is an I axis, which is parallel to the A axis corresponding to the clamping arm.

[0044] Further preferably, the expansion clamp further comprises a friction support reset member arranged at the side of the friction support and the rotation shaft of the clamp arm, and the two ends of the friction support reset member are connected with the friction support and the clamp arm respectively.

[0045] Further preferably, the expansion clamp further comprises a friction support connected with the clamp arm, and the friction surface of the friction support is formed by an elastic layer.

[0046] Further preferably, the expansion clamp further comprises a friction support connected with the clamp arm, and the friction surface of the friction support is formed by an elastic layer.

[0047] Further preferably, the expansion clamp further comprises a friction support reset member arranged at the side of the friction support and the rotation shaft of the clamp arm, and the two ends of the friction support reset member are connected with the friction support and the clamp arm respectively.

[0048] Further preferably, the expansion clamp further comprises a friction support connected with the clamp arm, and the friction surface of the friction support is formed by an elastic layer.

[0049] A crane comprises a hoisting rope and the aforementioned lifting tool, and the hoisting rope is fixedly connected with the pull rod in the B-axis direction.

[0050] The present application has the following advantages:

[0051] 1. In the method for using the lifting tool of the present application, the purpose of step S11 of movably connecting the clamp arm with the pull rod and making the pull rod and the clamp arm bidirectionally linked is to make the included angle between the pull rod and the clamp arm in step S12 be kept at a small angle. α The relative position of the pull rod and the base is set, and in step S13, the pull rod is pulled and the force for keeping the included angle between the clamp arm and the base is removed, and the center of gravity of the base with weight is lowered, and the included angle between the pull rod and the clamp arm is enlarged. α Adjustment. In step S12, the included angle between the pull rod and the clamp arm is kept at a small angle. α In order to design an obtuse angle, in step S13, the pull rod is pulled and the force for keeping the included angle between the clamp arm and the base is removed, and the center of gravity of the base with weight is lowered, and the included angle between the pull rod and the clamp arm is enlarged. α The purpose of expansion clamping is achieved. In step S14, the downward friction force of the lifting tool on the target object and the self-locking structure are used to further increase the expansion pressure of the lifting tool on the target object, and the downward friction force is further increased, so that the clamping force on the object is amplified with a small starting force.

[0052] 2. In the method for using the lifting tool of the present application, in step S12, a anti-falling part is further fixed above the clamping wall of the target object, so that the selection range of the friction material on the lifting tool is wider.

[0053] 3. The method for using the lifting device of the present invention, in step S11, the movable connection between the clamping arm and the lifting rod is achieved, and the lifting rod and the clamping arm are linked in both directions, the purpose is to keep the angle between the clamping arm and the base in step S12. α The relative position between the lifting rod and the base is set, in step S13, the lifting rod is lifted and the angle-keeping force applied to the clamping arm and the base is removed, and the center of gravity of the base with weight is moved downward, which drives the angle between the clamping arm and the base to α adjust. In step S12, the angle between the clamping arm and the base is kept α to be acute, so that in step S13, the lifting rod is lifted and the angle-keeping force applied to the clamping arm and the base is removed, and the center of gravity of the base with weight is moved downward, which drives the angle between the clamping arm and the base to α narrow, achieving the purpose of clamping. In step S14, the downward friction force of the target object on the clamp and the self-locking structure are used to further increase the expansion pressure of the clamp on the target object, which drives the downward friction force to further increase, achieving the amplification effect of the clamping force on the object with small starting force.

[0054] 4. The method for using the lifting device of the present invention, in step S12, the anti-disengagement part is fixed above the clamping wall of the target object, so that the selection range of the friction material on the clamp is wider.

[0055] 5. The lifting device of the present invention, the clamping arm is connected with the weight base to form a clamp for clamping objects; when the object needs to be clamped, the enable control is used to reset the enableable clamping arm reset device, the reset ability is removed, the lifting force of the lifting device is applied to the lifting device through the lifting rod, and since the weight base, the clamping arm, the transmission device and the lifting rod form a deformable structure, and if the clamp is an expansion clamp, the angle between the clamping arm and the base is α obtuse, so that the center of gravity of the weight base moves downward under the action of gravity, which drives the angle between the clamping arm and the base to α expand, thereby achieving automatic clamping of the object; if the clamp is a clamping clamp, the angle between the clamping arm and the base is α acute, so that the center of gravity of the weight base moves downward under the action of gravity, which drives the angle between the clamping arm and the base to α narrow, thereby achieving automatic clamping of the object; when the clamping of the object needs to be released, the enable control is used to restore the reset ability of the enableable clamping arm reset device, and the enableable clamping arm reset device restores the initial state, so that the object is released. α

[0056] 6. The lifting device of the present invention, the lifting and pulling part is fixedly connected with the lifting rod in the direction of B axis, when the lifting and pulling part is lifted, the B axis is parallel to the gravity center line of the lifting device, so that the posture of the lifting device is more stable when the lifting rod is lifted.

[0057] 7. The lifting device of the present invention, the geometric center line of the clamp is collinear with the gravity center line. In this way, the transmission ratio of the transmission device to each clamping arm is 1:1, and the structure of the transmission device is simple.

[0058] ​9. In the lifting device of the present invention, the transmission device includes a connecting rod, the connection point of the connecting rod and the lifting rod is located below the counterweight base, and the lifting part is located above the counterweight base. During use, the included angle ∠ between the upper end of the connecting rod and the lifting rod is... θ ≥90°. Because the connecting rod length is fixed, ∠ will appear during use. θ During the transition from 0° to 90° to 180°, the clamp may exhibit a transition between an expanding clamp and a gripping clamp, which can easily lead to danger. Use is limited to certain angles. θ ≥90°, this is safer.

[0059] 10. In the lifting device of the present invention, the enableable clamping arm reset device includes an angular stroke actuator and a reset enable module. This allows for the function of enabling or disabling the reset of the angle between the clamping arm and the counterweight base as needed.

[0060] 11. In the lifting device of the present invention, the enableable clamp arm reset device includes a telescopic rod and a reset enabling module. This allows for the function of enabling or disabling the reset of the angle between the clamp arm and the counterweight base as needed.

[0061] 12. In the lifting device of the present invention, the clamping arm is connected to the counterweight base via a rotating joint. Let the rotation axis of the clamping arm and the counterweight base be axis A, and the normal plane of axis A through axis B be vertical plane A; there are two clamping arms, and the included angle ∠ between the two vertical planes A corresponding to the two clamping arms is... β The angle is 180°, or the clamping arms are at least three, and the included angle ∠ between the two vertical planes A corresponding to any two adjacent clamping arms is 180°. β All angles are ≤180°. Such a clamp can achieve the function of clamping objects.

[0062] 13. In the lifting device of the present invention, the clamp further includes a friction support, which is connected to the rotating joint of the clamping arm. Let the rotation axis of the friction support and the clamping arm be the I axis, which is parallel to the A axis corresponding to the clamping arm. After the friction support is connected to the rotating joint of the clamping arm, a single friction support can be made to form a line connection or surface connection with the object.

[0063] 14. In the lifting device of the present invention, the clamp further includes a friction support reset component, which is disposed on the side of the rotation axis of the friction support and the clamping arm, and its two ends are respectively connected to the friction support and the clamping arm. This can reduce the adverse effects of the movement of the friction support on the clamping of the object and improve the efficiency of the clamping process.

[0064] 15. In the lifting device of the present invention, the friction surface of the friction support is formed by an elastic layer, so that a single friction support can be connected to the surface of the object.

[0065] 16. The crane of the present invention can achieve amplification of clamping force on objects with a small starting force, realize controllable clamping and releasing operations on objects, and achieve high lifting efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0066] Figure 1 This is a simplified structural diagram of a lifting device. To clearly show the markings, the left clamping arm and the left connecting rod are not shown in section.

[0067] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional diagram of a lifting device.

[0068] Figure 3 for Figure 2 The top view of the lifting device shown.

[0069] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Sectional view A-A.

[0070] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of part B.

[0071] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Clamp; 10. Base; 11. Clamping arm; 12. Friction support; 13. Friction support reset component; 14. Guide rod; 2. Lifting rod; 3. Transmission device; 30. Connecting rod; 4. Enabled clamping arm reset device; 40. Telescopic rod; 5. Lifting part; 6. Shaking linkage rod; 7. Cable storage tube; 8. Hydraulic system. Implementation

[0072] The present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments to assist those skilled in the art in understanding and implementing the invention. Unless otherwise stated, the following embodiments and the technical terms therein should not be understood without a background of technical knowledge in this field.

[0073] A method of using a lifting device, the lifting device comprising a base, clamping arms, and a lifting rod, wherein at least two of the clamping arms are connected to the base to form a support clamp, and the lifting rod is slidably connected to the base, comprising the following steps:

[0074] S11. The clamping arm and the lifting rod are movably connected, and the lifting rod and the clamping arm are linked in both directions;

[0075] S12, Maintain the angle ∠ between the clamping arm and the base. α To achieve an obtuse angle, pull and move the lifting rod to position the clamp in the gripping position of the target object; see also Figure 1 ,∠ α The angle between the lower end of the clamping arm and the radial centripetal side of the base.

[0076] S13. Pull up the lifting rod to remove the angle-holding force applied to the clamping arm and the base. As the center of gravity of the base with counterweight moves downward, it drives ∠ α Expand until the clamp makes frictional contact with the inner wall of the hole in the target object;

[0077] S14, lifting the lifting rod, the downward friction force of the target object on the clamp causes the expansion pressure of the clamp on the target object to further increase.

[0078] When the target object needs to be released, the inner side angle between the lower end of the clamping arm and the base is opened to reset it to the designed acute angle, during which the clamping arm reversely drives the base to reset relative to the lifting rod, releasing the clamping of the target object.

[0079] Preferably, the base is a counterweight base, or, in step S13, the base is loaded with a counterweight.

[0080] Preferably, in step S12, a anti-falling part is further fixed above the clamping wall of the target object.

[0081] A method for using a lifting device, the lifting device comprising a base, a clamping arm and a lifting rod, at least two clamping arms are connected with the base to form a clamping clamp, and the lifting rod is slidingly connected with the base, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0082] S11, movably connecting the clamping arm and the lifting rod, and making the lifting rod and the clamping arm bidirectional linkage;

[0083] S12, keeping the included angle between the clamping arm and the base at an acute angle; α to an acute angle, lifting and moving the lifting rod to set the clamp at the clamping position of the target object; see Figure 1 , the included angle between the lower end of the clamping arm and the radial centripetal side of the base. α

[0084] S13, lifting the lifting rod, removing the included angle keeping force applied to the clamping arm and the base, and the center of gravity of the base with a counterweight moving downward drives the included angle between the clamping arm and the base to decrease until the clamp is frictionally connected with the outer wall of the target object; α

[0085] S14, lifting the lifting rod, the downward friction force of the target object on the clamp causes the expansion pressure of the clamp on the target object to further increase.

[0086] When the target object needs to be released, the inner side angle between the lower end of the clamping arm and the base is opened to reset it to the designed acute angle, during which the clamping arm reversely drives the base to reset relative to the lifting rod, releasing the clamping of the target object.

[0087] Preferably, the base is a counterweight base, or, in step S13, the base is loaded with a counterweight.

[0088] ​​Preferably, in the step S12, a separation preventing part is further fixed above the clamping wall of the target object.

[0089] The lifting appliance of the present application comprises a counterweight base, a clamping arm, a lifting rod, a transmission device and a reset device for the clamping arm.

[0090] The clamping arm has at least two clamping arms to form a clamp with the counterweight base. It should be understood that the clamp can be a clamping clamp or an expansion clamp, which does not affect the implementation of the present application. The clamping arm and the counterweight base can be hinged or bendable, such as the clamping arm and the counterweight base being integrally formed by plastic and being bendable at the connection, or forming a clamp.

[0091] The lifting rod is slidably connected with the counterweight base, and the lifting rod and the counterweight base slide in the direction of the B axis, but are relatively stationary in the direction perpendicular to the B axis. The rotation of the counterweight base around the B axis relative to the lifting rod does not affect the function of the present application. In the prior art, the sliding connection and the cylindrical connection are both sliding connections. In practice, the structures set up for process reasons, or their movable structures which do not affect the function of the present application can be considered as sliding connections.

[0092] The transmission device is used to drive the clamping arm and the lifting rod, so that the counterweight base, the clamping arm, the lifting rod and the transmission device form a deformable structure. The base, the clamping arm, the transmission device and the lifting rod are preferably arranged as a planar deformable structure, so that the movement form of the clamp is simple and easy to control when the clamp is loosened. Generally, n ( n The polygon has at least four sides, and the polygon is a deformable structure. n ( n In the polygon with at least four sides, the angle between the base and the clamping arm is α adjustable, and the transmission device is used to form at least one side of the deformable polygon structure. It should be understood that the transmission device is a curved rod, or the transmission device is a rope, which can also form a deformable structure. See Figure 1 , the angle α is the angle between the lower end of the clamping arm and the radial centripetal side of the counterweight base.

[0093] The counterweight of the counterweight base should satisfy: when only the lifting hook is lifted, the gravity of the counterweight base can promote the deformation of the counterweight base, the clamping arm, the lifting rod and the transmission device. If the clamp is an expansion clamp, the angle α is obtuse, so that when the gravity of the counterweight base promotes the deformation of the counterweight base, the clamping arm, the lifting rod and the transmission device, the distance between the lower end of the clamping arm and the lifting rod tends to expand, thereby realizing the expansion clamping effect. If the clamp is a clamping clamp, the angle α is acute, so that when the gravity of the counterweight base promotes the deformation of the counterweight base, the clamping arm, the lifting rod and the transmission device, the distance between the lower end of the clamping arm and the lifting rod tends to decrease, thereby realizing the clamping effect.

[0094] The enabling clamping arm reset device is used to reset the angle between the clamping arm and the counterweight base in the enabling control mode α Even if the counterweight base, the clamping arm, the lifting rod and the transmission device are reset to the initial shape, and the clamp is in the loose state to the target object, the angle between the clamping arm and the counterweight base is adjusted in the disabling control mode α It is adjustable, so that when the lifting rod is lifted, the enabling clamping arm reset device does not hinder the deformation of the counterweight base, the clamping arm, the lifting rod and the transmission device.

[0095] In use, the lifting rope is fixedly connected with the lifting rod in the B-axis direction. The lifting rope is pulled up, at which time the lifting tool naturally droops, the transmission device connection part is arranged below the lifting pulling part, and the vertical direction pulling force is applied to the lifting tool through the lifting pulling part, and the lifting and pulling and moving operation of the lifting tool is realized through the lifting rope.

[0096] Before moving the clamp to the clamping position, the enabling control enabling clamping arm reset device has a reset function, the angle between the clamping arm and the counterweight base is adjusted α Maintained at the designed angle.

[0097] When the clamp moves to the clamping position and needs to clamp the object, the disabling control enabling clamping arm reset device is disabled, the reset function of the enabling clamping arm reset device is removed, and the clamping arm and the counterweight base are in a rotatable state. Since the counterweight base, the clamping arm, the transmission device and the lifting rod constitute a deformable structure, the gravity of the counterweight base promotes the deformation of the counterweight base, the clamping arm, the lifting rod and the transmission device, and if the clamp is designed as a support expansion clamp, α Tends to expand, thereby realizing the support expansion clamping effect, and if the clamp is designed as a holding clamp, α Tends to shrink, thereby realizing the holding clamping effect.

[0098] When the gravity of the counterweight base is superimposed on the downward friction force of the object to the lifting tool, the downward friction force of the object to the lifting tool is further increased, which promotes the further adjustment of the angle between the clamping arm and the base, and when the upward lifting force to the object is increased to ≥ the gravity of the object, the lifting and pulling of the object can be realized.

[0099] When it is needed to loosen the clamping of the object, the enabling control enabling clamping arm reset device restores the reset function, the angle between the clamping arm and the counterweight base is adjusted α Reset to the designed angle, so that the clamp loosens the clamping of the object.

[0100] In the prior art, the friction coefficient of some objects is ≥ 1, and therefore the self-weight of the counterweight base can realize the foregoing process when the material of the contact surface between the clamp and the object is special. In addition, after a anti-falling part cooperating with the clamping point of the clamp is arranged on the object, even if the friction coefficient is small, the gravity of the object can be added to the gravity of the counterweight base, so that the foregoing process can also be realized.

[0101] Embodiment 1: a lifting device, see Figure 2 -5, comprising a counterweight base 10, a clamping arm 11, a lifting rod 2, a transmission device 3, an enabling type clamping arm resetting device 4 and a lifting and pulling part 5.

[0102] The lifting rod 2 is connected with the counterweight base 10 in a sliding pair. The sliding axis of the lifting rod 2 and the counterweight base 10 is B axis.

[0103] The clamping arm 11 has at least two, which are connected with the counterweight base 10 to form a clamp. In this embodiment, the clamping arm 11 is connected with the counterweight base 10 in a rotating pair, and the rotating axis of the clamping arm 11 and the counterweight base 10 is A axis. The normal plane of A axis through the geometric center line of the clamp is vertical plane A (i.e. the geometric center line of the clamp is in the vertical plane A, and the vertical plane A is the normal plane of A axis). When the clamping arm 11 has two, the included angle ∠ β of the two vertical planes A corresponding to the two clamping arms is 180°; when the clamping arm has at least three, the included angle ∠ β of the two vertical planes A corresponding to any two adjacent clamping arms is ≤180°.

[0104] The transmission device 3 is used for transmission connection of the clamping arm 11 and the lifting rod 2, so that the counterweight base 10, the clamping arm 11, the lifting rod 2 and the transmission device 3 form a deformable structure.

[0105] The enabling type clamping arm resetting device 4 is used for resetting the included angle ∠ α of the clamping arm 11 and the counterweight base 10 in the enabling control mode, i.e. resetting and maintaining the counterweight base 10, the clamping arm 11, the lifting rod 2 and the transmission device 3 in the initial shape. α In the disabling control mode, the included angle ∠ is in an adjustable state.

[0106] The lifting and pulling part 5 is fixedly connected with the lifting rod 2 in the direction of B axis. The lifting and pulling part is a structure for fixing the lifting rope with the lifting rod in the direction of B axis, which can be a lifting ring, a limiting part or a hook. When the limiting part is arranged at the upper end of the lifting rod in the direction of B axis, even if the lifting and pulling part is movably connected with the lifting rod and moves below the limiting part of the lifting rod, the upper limiting part limits the uppermost position of the lifting and pulling part on the lifting rod in use, so it should also be regarded as that the lifting and pulling part is fixedly connected with the lifting rod in the direction of B axis of the lifting rod. In this embodiment, the lifting and pulling part 5 is fixedly connected with the lifting rod 2.

[0107] In this embodiment, in order to improve the stability of the lifting device, when the lifting and pulling part is lifted, the gravity center line of the lifting device in the natural drooping state without clamping the object is parallel to the B axis.

[0108] In this embodiment, in order to reduce the design amount of the transmission device 3, the lifting rod 2 is arranged at the geometric center line of the clamp, and the gravity center line of the lifting device in the natural drooping state coincides with the geometric center line of the clamp.

[0109] In this embodiment, there are six clamping arms 11, and the included angle ∠ between the two vertical surfaces A corresponding to any two adjacent clamping arms is... β All are 60°.

[0110] In this embodiment, the transmission device 3 is composed of connecting rods 30, and the number of connecting rods 30 is the same as the number of clamping arms 11. One end of the connecting rod 30 is connected to the rotating joint of the clamping arm 11, and the other end of the connecting rod 30 is connected to the rotating joint of the lifting rod 2. Let the rotation axis of the connecting rod 30 and the clamping arm 11 be the C-axis, and the rotation axis of the connecting rod 30 and the lifting rod 2 be the D-axis. Then the A-axis, C-axis, and D-axis are parallel to each other, and any two axes among the A-axis, C-axis, and D-axis are not collinear, and the B-axis is set perpendicular to the A-axis.

[0111] See Figure 4 In this embodiment, the angle ∠ between the connecting rod 30 and the upper end of the lifting rod 2 is... θ The angle is ≥90°, and the connection point between the connecting rod 30 and the lifting rod 2 is located below the counterweight base 10, while the lifting part 5 is located above the counterweight base 10. Therefore, the clamp in this embodiment is a clamping clamp.

[0112] In this embodiment, the clamp is a gripping clamp, therefore, ∠ α Only when the angle is acute can the counterweight base 10 press down on the clamping arm 11 under the weight of the counterweight base 10 after the enableable clamping arm reset device 4 loses its reset function, thus making ∠ α Shrink to achieve the clamping process.

[0113] In this embodiment, the enableable clamping arm reset device 4 includes a telescopic rod 40 and a reset enable module. The reset enable module is used to drive the telescopic rod to reset to its initial length in the enable control mode and to make the telescopic rod form a flexible connection in the disable control mode. The linear stroke hydraulic cylinder, the linear stroke pneumatic cylinder, and the scissor telescopic mechanism driven by them all have a reset enable function. One end of the telescopic rod 40 is connected to the counterweight base 10 via a rotating joint, and the other end of the telescopic rod 40 is connected to the other end of the lifting rod 20 via a rotating joint. Let the rotation axis of the telescopic rod 40 and the counterweight base 10 be the E-axis, and the rotation axis of the telescopic rod 40 and the lifting rod 20 be the F-axis. Then the A-axis, E-axis, and F-axis are parallel to each other, and the E-axis and F-axis are not collinear.

[0114] In this embodiment, the telescopic boom 40 is a linear-stroke hydraulic cylinder, therefore the corresponding telescopic control module includes a directional valve. Thus, in this embodiment, the lifting device also includes a hydraulic system 8, which includes an oil tank, an oil pump, and a directional valve. The oil pump's suction port extends into the oil tank via a suction pipe, and the oil pump's delivery port is connected to the P port of the directional valve. The T port of the directional valve extends into the oil tank via an oil pipe, and the A and B ports of the directional valve are connected to the corresponding oil ports of the linear-stroke hydraulic cylinder via corresponding pipelines. See also... Figure 4, the operating reversing valve, the hydraulic oil pushes the straight stroke hydraulic cylinder to the longest state, this process is the enable control, the operating reversing valve, the hydraulic oil flows out of the straight stroke hydraulic cylinder, the straight stroke hydraulic cylinder loses the thrust to the counterweight base and the pull rod, which belongs to the disable control.

[0115] In use, the lifting and pulling part is connected with the lifting rope, at this time the lifting appliance naturally droops, the vertical direction pulling force is applied on the lifting appliance through the pull rod.

[0116] Before moving the clamp to the clamping position, the enable control can reset the enableable clamp arm reset device, the enableable clamp arm reset device makes the angle between the clamp arm and the pull rod α Maintained at the design angle.

[0117] The clamp moves to the clamping position, when the object needs to be clamped, the reversing valve is operated to make the hydraulic oil in the straight stroke hydraulic cylinder lose pressure, the straight stroke hydraulic cylinder loses the thrust to the counterweight base and the pull rod. Since the counterweight base, the clamp arm, the transmission device and the pull rod form a deformable structure, under the action of gravity, the center of gravity of the counterweight base sinks, the clamp arm 11 is pressed down, the angle between the clamp arm and the pull rod α Narrowed, so that the clamp clamps the side wall of the object. If the friction force generated by the clamping force of the counterweight base 10 on the object through the clamp arm 11 is less than the gravity of the object, only after the lower end of the clamp arm 11 hooks the object, the lifting rope is pulled, at this time the gravity of the object and the lifting appliance is applied on the clamp arm 11, if the friction force generated by the clamping force of the counterweight base 10 on the object through the clamp arm 11 is greater than or equal to the gravity of the object, the object can be lifted and pulled.

[0118] When the object needs to be released from the clamp, the reversing valve is operated to make the hydraulic oil in the straight stroke hydraulic cylinder increase in pressure, push the straight stroke hydraulic cylinder to the longest state, the angle between the clamp arm and the pull rod α Reset to the design angle. During this process, under the action of the enableable clamp arm reset device, the counterweight base, the clamp arm, the transmission device and the pull rod return to the initial state, so that the clamp releases the clamping of the object.

[0119] It can be foreseen that based on the content of embodiment 1, the connecting rod 30 is replaced with a pulling rope, one end of the pulling rope is fixedly connected with the clamp arm 11, the other end of the pulling rope is fixedly connected with the pull rod 2, and the obtained lifting appliance also has the effect of the present application.

[0120] It can be foreseen that based on the content of embodiment 1, in the case that the clamp arm 11 is connected with the counterweight base 10 through a rotary pair, the pull rod 2 is connected with the counterweight base 10 through a rotary pair, one end of the connecting rod 30 is hingedly connected with the clamp arm 11, the other end of the connecting rod 30 is hingedly connected with the pull rod 2, and the obtained lifting appliance also has the effect of the present application.

[0121] It can be foreseen that, based on the content in Embodiment 1, in the case that one end of the connecting rod 30 is connected with the revolute pair of the clamping arm 11, the other end of the connecting rod is connected with the revolute pair of the lifting rod 2, and the lifting rod 2 is connected with the sliding pair of the counterweight base 10, even if the clamping arm 11 is connected with the spherical hinge of the counterweight base 10, in actual use, the clamping arm 11 and the counterweight base 10 will only form a revolute pair connection.

[0122] It can be foreseen that, based on the content in Embodiment 1, in the case that one end of the telescopic rod 40 is connected with the base 10, the other end of the telescopic rod is connected with the clamping arm 11, or one end of the telescopic rod 40 is connected with the clamping arm 11, the other end of the telescopic rod 40 is connected with the connecting rod 30, or one end of the telescopic rod 40 is connected with the connecting rod 30, the other end of the telescopic rod is connected with the lifting rod 2, these ways can make the telescopic rod 40 and the reset enabling module form the enabling type clamping arm reset device 4.

[0123] It can be foreseen that, based on the content in Embodiment 1, the enabling type clamping arm reset device 4 can also be realized in this way: the enabling type clamping arm reset device 4 includes an angular stroke actuator and a reset enabling module, the reset enabling module is used to drive the angular stroke actuator to reset to the initial clamping angle in the enabling control mode, and make the angular stroke actuator form a revolute pair in the disabling control mode. Common angular stroke actuators include angular stroke hydraulic cylinders and angular stroke pneumatic cylinders. The angular stroke actuator includes a fixed end and a movable end connected by a revolute pair, the rotation axis of the fixed end and the movable end is set as H axis, the H axis is coaxially arranged with the A axis, the fixed end is fixedly connected with the counterweight base 10, and the movable end is fixedly connected with the clamping arm 11, so as to realize the function of resetting the clamping angle of the clamping arm and the counterweight base; in the case of restoring the reset function, the angular stroke actuator can expand the clamping angle while maintaining the thrust of both ends, and in the case of cutting off the reset function, the thrust of both ends disappears greatly in the process of reducing the clamping angle. In addition, the H axis is coaxially arranged with the C axis, the fixed end is fixedly connected with the clamping arm 11, and the movable end is fixedly connected with the connecting rod 30; or the H axis is coaxially arranged with the D axis, the fixed end is fixedly connected with the connecting rod 30, and the movable end is fixedly connected with the lifting rod 2; these ways are also feasible.

[0124] It can be foreseen that, based on the content in Embodiment 1, the connecting point of the connecting rod 30 and the lifting rod 2 is arranged below the counterweight base 10, and the lifting and pulling part 5 is arranged above the counterweight base 10, in the use process, the angle ∠ θ of the connecting rod 30 and the upper end of the lifting rod 2 is < 90°, then the formed clamp is a strutting clamp. Correspondingly, at this time, it is necessary to make the angle ∠ α be an obtuse angle, so as to realize the function of lifting the object.

[0125] It can be foreseen that, based on the content in Embodiment 1, the connecting point of the connecting rod 30 and the pull rod 2 is arranged between the counterweight base 10 and the lifting and pulling part 5, and the angle ∠ between the connecting rod 30 and the upper end of the pull rod 2 is < 90° during use, then the formed clamp is a clamping clamp. θ It can be foreseen that, based on the content in Embodiment 1, the connecting point of the connecting rod 30 and the pull rod 2 is arranged between the counterweight base 10 and the lifting and pulling part 5, and the angle ∠ between the connecting rod 30 and the upper end of the pull rod 2 is ≥ 90° during use, then the formed clamp is a clamping clamp.

[0126] It can be foreseen that, based on the content in Embodiment 1, the connecting point of the connecting rod 30 and the pull rod 2 is arranged between the counterweight base 10 and the lifting and pulling part 5, and the angle ∠ between the connecting rod 30 and the upper end of the pull rod 2 is ≥ 90° during use, then the formed clamp is a clamping clamp. θ It can be foreseen that, based on the content in Embodiment 1, the connecting point of the connecting rod 30 and the pull rod 2 is arranged between the counterweight base 10 and the lifting and pulling part 5, and the angle ∠ between the connecting rod 30 and the upper end of the pull rod 2 is ≥ 90° during use, then the formed clamp is a clamping clamp.

[0127] Embodiment 2: A lifting device, comprising a counterweight base, a clamping arm, a pull rod, a transmission device, an enabling type clamping arm resetting device and a lifting and pulling part. The clamping arm has at least two clamping arms to connect with the counterweight base to form a clamp. The pull rod, the transmission device, the enabling type clamping arm resetting device and the lifting and pulling part can use the structure in Embodiment 1.

[0128] The difference from Embodiment 1 is that, referring to Figure 2 -5, in this embodiment, the clamp further comprises a friction support 12 installed on the clamping arm 11.

[0129] The friction surface of the friction support 12 can be formed by an elastic layer. At this time, the friction support 12 can be fixedly connected with the clamping arm 11 or movably connected with the clamping arm 11. When the friction support 12 is formed by an elastic layer, even if the elastic friction support is fixedly connected with the clamping arm 11, the elastic friction support can also form surface contact with the side surface of the object when the clamp clamps the object. After increasing the contact area, the clamping pressure can be dispersed, the single-point pressure can be prevented from being too high to damage the side surface of the object, and the object can be clamped more stably.

[0130] Referring to Figure 4 -5, in this embodiment, the friction support 12 is connected with the clamping arm 11 through a rotary pair, and the rotary shaft of the friction support 12 and the clamping arm 11 is I shaft. Preferably, the I shaft is parallel to the A shaft. At this time, the friction surface of the friction support can be rigid or elastic.

[0131] When the clamp clamps the object, in order to avoid the posture of the friction support being not conducive to the clamping of the object, referring to Figure 4—5. The clamp may also include a friction support reset member 15, which may be a spring. When the angle between the clamping arm 11 and the counterweight base 10 is in its initial state, the friction support reset member 15 preferably sets the friction surface of the friction support in a vertical position. In this embodiment, the friction support reset member 15 may be a column spring, which is located below the pivot of the friction support 12 and the clamping arm 11, and its two ends are respectively connected to the friction support 12 and the clamping arm 11. When the clamping arm gripping mechanism 2 drives the clamping arm 11 to grip, before the friction support 12 contacts the object, the column spring keeps the angle between the friction support 12 and the clamping arm 11 unchanged. Therefore, the bottom edge of the friction support 12 contacts the object first. The object transmits the force to the clamping arm 11 through the friction support 12 and the column spring. During this process, the column spring is compressed, thereby making the friction support 12 contact the surface of the object. In the enableable clamping arm reset device 3, the angle between the clamping arm 11 and the counterweight base 10 is restored to its initial state. During and after the friction support 12 disengages from the object, a spring causes the friction support 12 and the clamping arm 11 to return to their initial angle. In other embodiments, the friction support reset member 15 can be a tension spring, positioned above the rotation axis of the friction support 12 and the clamping arm 11, with its two ends connected to the friction support 12 and the clamping arm 11, respectively.

[0132] Example 3: A lifting device includes a counterweight base, clamping arms, a lifting rod, a transmission device, an enableable clamping arm reset device, and a lifting section. The clamping arms are at least two in number and are connected to the counterweight base to form a clamp. The lifting rod, transmission device, enableable clamping arm reset device, and lifting section can all use the structure described in Example 1.

[0133] See Figure 2 —5. In this embodiment, the lifting device also includes a swaying linkage rod 6, which is fixedly connected to the lifting rod 2 and is positioned on the gravity center line of the lifting device. A matching anti-sway limiting cylinder is fixed on the lifting frame. After the lifting device is raised, the swaying linkage rod 6 is inserted into the anti-sway limiting cylinder, thus preventing the lifting device from swaying when moving horizontally.

[0134] It is foreseeable that, based on the content of Embodiment 1, the swing linkage tube is fixedly connected to the counterweight base 10, and a matching anti-sway limit rod is fixed on the hanger, which can also achieve the corresponding effect.

[0135] Example 4: A lifting device includes a counterweight base, clamping arms, a lifting rod, a transmission device, an enableable clamping arm reset device, and a lifting section. The clamping arms are at least two in number and are connected to the counterweight base to form a clamp. The lifting rod, transmission device, enableable clamping arm reset device, and lifting section can all use the structure described in Example 1.

[0136] See Figure 2In this embodiment, the counterweight base 10 is also fixed with a cable storage cylinder 7. In use, the cable connected with the lifting appliance can be a spiral cable. When lifting the lifting appliance, the pitch of the spiral cable is reduced and stored in the cable storage cylinder 7. When lowering the lifting appliance, the pitch of the spiral cable is expanded. The use of the cable storage cylinder 7 to store the spiral cable can avoid the adverse effect of the disordered cable shape on the lifting.

[0137] Embodiment 5: A crane, comprising a hoisting rope, and further comprising the lifting appliance of any one of embodiments 1-4, the hoisting rope being connected with the lifting pulling part. The lifting pulling part can adopt a movable sheave frame with a movable sheave, or can adopt a ring buckle. Figure 2

[0138] The above has described the present application in detail in combination with the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that all possible embodiments cannot be described exhaustively in practice, and the present application is illustrated as much as possible by way of examples. Without departing from the inventive concept of the present application and without creative labor, the skilled in the art can select and combine the technical features in the above embodiments, change the specific parameters in experiments, or use the existing technology in the art to replace the disclosed technical means of the present application to form specific embodiments, which should all belong to the content implicitly disclosed by the present application.​

Claims

1. A spreader, characterized in that, It comprises: a counterweight base; at least two clamping arms connected with the counterweight base to form a clamp; a lifting rod slidingly connected with the counterweight base, the sliding axis of the lifting rod and the counterweight base being the B axis; a transmission device for drivingly connecting the lifting rod and the clamping arms, so that the counterweight base, the clamping arms, the transmission device and the lifting rod form a deformable structure, and if the clamp is an expansion clamp, the angle between the clamping arms and the counterweight base is obtuse, and if the clamp is a holding clamp, the angle between the clamping arms and the counterweight base is acute; and an enabable clamping arm resetting device for resetting the angle in the enabled control mode and making the angle adjustable in the disabled control mode; wherein the angle refers to the angle between the lower end of the clamping arm and the radially centripetal side of the counterweight base; the enabable clamping arm resetting device comprises an angular stroke actuator and a resetting enabling module, the resetting enabling module is used to drive the angular stroke actuator to reset to the initial clamping angle in the enabled control mode, and to form a rotational pair with the angular stroke actuator in the disabled control mode; or the enabable clamping arm resetting device comprises a telescopic rod and a resetting enabling module, the resetting enabling module is used to drive the telescopic rod to reset to the initial length in the enabled control mode, and to form a flexible connection with the telescopic rod in the disabled control mode; the telescopic rod comprises a resetting spring, a second pulling rope and a pulling mechanism, one end of the resetting spring is fixedly connected with one end of the second pulling rope, the second pulling rope is led out from the other end of the resetting spring and is fixedly connected with the tension output of the pulling mechanism, the pulling mechanism is arranged opposite to the second pulling rope leading end of the resetting spring, and the telescopic control module is used to set the pulling length of the pulling mechanism; the angular stroke actuator comprises a fixed end, a movable end, a resetting spring, a second pulling rope and a pulling mechanism, the fixed end and the movable end are connected in a rotational pair, one end of the resetting spring is fixedly connected with the fixed end, the other end of the resetting spring is fixedly connected with the movable end, one end of the second pulling rope is connected with the movable end, the second pulling rope is led out from the hole of the movable end and is fixedly connected with the tension output of the pulling mechanism, the pulling mechanism is arranged opposite to the fixed end, and the telescopic control module is used to set the pulling length of the pulling mechanism. In use, the lifting rod is lifted to lift the lifting device. It also comprises a lifting part, the lifting part is fixedly connected with the lifting rod in the B axis direction, and when the lifting part is lifted, the B axis is parallel to the gravity center line of the lifting device. The geometric center line of the clamp is collinear with the gravity center line. The lifting rod is slidingly connected with the counterweight base, the transmission device comprises a connecting rod, one end of the connecting rod is hingedly connected with the clamping arm, and the other end of the connecting rod is hingedly connected with the lifting rod. The transmission device comprises a first pulling rope, one end of the first pulling rope is fixedly connected with the clamping arm, and the other end of the first pulling rope is fixedly connected with the lifting rod.

2. The spreader of claim 1, wherein ​ ​ 3. The spreader of claim 2, wherein ​ ​ 4. The spreader of claim 3, wherein ​ ​ 5. A spreader according to any one of claims 1-4, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that ​ 6. A spreader according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that ​ 7. The spreader according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein The lifting rod is connected with the counterweight base sliding pair, the transmission device includes a connecting rod and a sliding block, one end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the lifting rod, the other end of the connecting rod is hingedly connected with the sliding block, and the sliding block is slidingly connected with the clamping arm.

8. The spreader of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein The lifting rod is connected with the counterweight base cylindrical pair, the transmission device includes a connecting rod and a linkage core, one end of the connecting rod is hingedly connected with the clamping arm, the other end of the connecting rod is hingedly connected with the linkage core, the linkage core is connected with the lifting rod cylindrical pair, and the linkage core is further provided with a linkage core upper limiting portion and a linkage core lower limiting portion.

9. The spreader of claim 5, wherein, The clamping arm is connected with the counterweight base rotary pair, the rotation axis of the clamping arm and the counterweight base is A axis, and the normal surface of the A axis passing through the geometric center line of the clamp is vertical surface A. The clamping arm has two clamping arms, and the included angle ∠β of the two vertical surfaces A corresponding to the two clamping arms is 180°, or The clamping arm has at least three clamping arms, and the included angle ∠β of the two vertical surfaces A corresponding to any adjacent two clamping arms is ≤180°. The clamp further comprises a friction support, the friction support is connected with the clamping arm rotary pair, the rotation axis of the friction support and the clamping arm is I axis, 10. The spreader of claim 5, wherein, The I axis is parallel to the A axis corresponding to the clamping arm. The clamp further comprises a friction support reset piece, the friction support reset piece is arranged on the side of the rotation shaft of the friction support and the clamping arm, and the two ends of the friction support reset piece are respectively connected with the friction support and the clamping arm. The clamp further comprises a friction support, the friction support is connected with the clamping arm, and the friction surface of the friction support is formed by an elastic layer.

11. The spreader of claim 5, wherein, 13. A method for using a lifting device, the method is achieved by using the lifting device according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein the lifting device comprises a base, a clamping arm and a lifting rod, at least two clamping arms are connected with the base to form a supporting clamp, and the lifting rod is slidingly connected with the base, and the method comprises the following steps: S11, the clamping arm and the lifting rod are movably connected, and the lifting rod and the clamping arm are bidirectionally linked; S12, the included angle ∠α of the clamping arm and the base is kept as a designed obtuse angle, the lifting rod is lifted and moved to arrange the clamp at a clamping position of a target object, and a anti-falling part is further fixed above a clamping wall of the target object; 12. The spreader of claim 5, wherein, S13, the lifting rod is lifted, the included angle maintaining force applied to the clamping arm and the base is removed, the center of gravity of the base with the counterweight is lowered, the included angle ∠α is expanded, until the clamp is frictionally connected with the inner wall of the hole of the target object, the base is a counterweight base, and the base is loaded with a counterweight; S14, the lifting rod is lifted, and the downward friction force of the target object on the clamp causes the supporting and expanding pressure of the clamp on the target object to be further increased; Wherein, ∠α refers to the angle between the lower end of the clamping arm and the radial centripetal side of the counterweight base.

14. A method for using a lifting device, the method is achieved by using the lifting device according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein the lifting device comprises a base, a clamping arm and a lifting rod, at least two clamping arms are connected with the base to form a supporting clamp, and the lifting rod is slidingly connected with the base, and the method comprises the following steps: S11, the clamping arm and the lifting rod are movably connected, and the lifting rod and the clamping arm are bidirectionally linked; S12, the included angle ∠α of the clamping arm and the base is kept as a designed obtuse angle, the lifting rod is lifted and moved to arrange the clamp at a clamping position of a target object, and a anti-falling part is further fixed above a clamping wall of the target object; S13, the lifting rod is lifted, the included angle maintaining force applied to the clamping arm and the base is removed, the center of gravity of the base with the counterweight is lowered, the included angle ∠α is expanded, until the clamp is frictionally connected with the inner wall of the hole of the target object, the base is a counterweight base, and the base is loaded with a counterweight; S14, the lifting rod is lifted, and the downward friction force of the target object on the clamp causes the supporting and expanding pressure of the clamp on the target object to be further increased; Wherein, ∠α refers to the angle between the lower end of the clamping arm and the radial centripetal side of the counterweight base. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Its characterized in that, comprising the following steps: S11, active connection the clamping arm and the pull rod, and make the pull rod and the clamping arm two-way Linkage; S12, keep the included angle of the clamping arm and the base ∠α is design acute angle, pull and move the pull rod, to set the clamp in the target object clamping position, the target object clamping wall above is also fixed Anti-off part; S13, pull the pull rod, remove the included angle of the clamping arm and the base to apply the angle keeping force, the center of gravity of the base with counterweight during the process of moving down drives ∠α to reduce, until the clamp and the outer wall of the target object Friction connection, the base is counterweight base, the base is loaded counterweight; S14, lift the pull rod, the downward friction force of the target object to the clamp causes the clamp to further increase the clamping pressure of the target object; Wherein, ∠α refers to the lower end of the clamping arm and the radial centripetal side of the counterweight base. Also include the spreader as claimed in any one of claims 1-12, the lifting rope is fixedly connected with the pull rod in the direction of B axis. ​ 15. A crane comprising a hoist rope, characterized in that ​

Images