A prefabricated irregular-section weathering steel curved-torsional spiral ramp and its construction method

Abstract

This invention relates to a prefabricated, irregularly shaped, weather-resistant steel curved-torsional spiral ramp and its construction method. The ramp includes a main body, columns, and support rods. The columns are located at the center of the main body, and are connected to the main body via multiple support rods. The main body comprises multiple ramp unit nodes spliced ​​together. Some of these unit nodes have supporting conical tubes exposed near the columns. One end of each support rod is connected to the supporting conical tube, and the other end is connected to the column. Each ramp unit node has a torsional radius, and when spliced ​​together, they form a spiral ramp. The longitudinal section of each unit node is a right-angled trapezoid, with the right-angled side of the trapezoid forming the walking surface of the ramp. This invention uses unit-type node assembly to form the spiral ramp, ensuring design accuracy. The longitudinal section of each unit node is a right-angled trapezoid, with the right-angled side forming the tread surface, placing the center of gravity near the columns, resulting in good stability and strong load-bearing capacity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of prefabricated buildings and mainly relates to a spiral ramp, specifically a prefabricated irregular cross-section weathering steel curved spiral ramp and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] To provide better views, some high-rise buildings or observation towers are often designed with spiral staircases or spiral ramps. The former uses stepped stairs for pedestrians, which is uncomfortable and not user-friendly for those with knee problems. It also doesn't allow for quick stops to enjoy the view and is unsuitable for special vehicles such as wheelchairs or sightseeing vehicles. The latter, currently, mostly uses reinforced concrete structures to form spiral ramps. Construction requires a formwork support system and steel reinforcement, followed by concrete pouring to form the spiral ramp structure. This method has a long construction period, makes it difficult to guarantee the quality of segmented construction, and the complex spatial curved surface of the ramp makes concrete formwork difficult to support and precision control challenging.

[0003] With the increasing maturity of prefabricated steel structure technology, spiral ramps can be designed as multi-segment unit structures for assembly. These unit structures are prefabricated, ensuring the quality of each segment's processing. The assembled spiral ramp's precision is easily controlled, and construction is convenient and quick. When designing prefabricated unit structures, structural stability must be considered to ensure the stability of the spiral ramp's center of gravity and the sufficient stability of each connection node. While maintaining the scenic view, a strong and stable structure is essential, capable of supporting a large number of pedestrians simultaneously, as well as accommodating specialized vehicles, thus meeting diverse usage requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention first discloses a prefabricated irregular cross-section weathering steel curved and twisted spiral ramp. The ramp unit node prefabricated component with bending and twist and a longitudinal cross-section of right trapezoidal is used as the splicing unit of the prefabricated structure. Many splicing units are spliced ​​together according to the designed spiral line to form a spiral ramp body with stable force and strong load-bearing capacity.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A prefabricated irregular-section weathering steel curved-torsional spiral ramp includes a spiral ramp body, columns, and support rods. The columns are located at the center of the spiral ramp body, and the columns are connected to the spiral ramp body by multiple support rods. The spiral ramp body is made of weathering steel and includes multiple interconnected ramp unit nodes with bending and torsion.

[0007] The ramp unit node includes a large box, a small box, a base plate, a tread, transverse ribs, and longitudinal ribs. The base plate and the tread are opposite each other and spaced apart. The base plate and the tread are fixedly connected by transverse ribs and longitudinal ribs. The base plate, transverse ribs, and tread are fixedly connected to each other to form a cavity structure with a longitudinal cross-section of a right trapezoid. The edge line of the tread acts as the right-angled leg of the right trapezoid, and the edge line of the base plate acts as the inclined leg of the right trapezoid. From far to near, they gradually approach the column. The width of the transverse ribs on the base plate gradually increases. The edge line of the transverse rib with the smallest width acts as the upper base of the right trapezoid, and the edge line of the transverse rib with the largest width acts as the lower base of the right trapezoid.

[0008] Both the large and small boxes are box-shaped structures with quadrilateral cross-sections. Each of the large and small boxes has a guardrail on its top. The large box is fixedly installed on the lower base of the right-angled trapezoid, and the small box is fixedly installed on the upper base of the right-angled trapezoid.

[0009] Furthermore, the small box includes a bottom plate, a top plate, side panels, transverse support plates, and guardrails. The bottom plate and top plate are spaced apart and opposite each other, as are the side panels and transverse support plates. The bottom plate, top plate, side panels, and transverse support plates together form a hollow box structure. A longitudinal stiffening plate is installed inside the box structure. The bottom of the guardrail is connected to the top of the side panels, and the top of the guardrail is higher than the surface of the top plate. The bottom plate is connected to the bottom plate of the ramp unit node, and the top plate is connected to the tread of the ramp unit node.

[0010] Furthermore, the large box body includes a large box body bottom plate, a large box body top plate, a large box body third enclosure plate, and a large box body second enclosure plate. The large box body bottom plate and the large box body top plate are spaced apart and opposite each other, and the large box body third enclosure plate and the large box body second enclosure plate are spaced apart and opposite each other. The large box body bottom plate, the large box body top plate, the large box body third enclosure plate, and the large box body second enclosure plate together form a hollow box body structure. The box body structure is provided with longitudinal support plates and transverse support plates. The top of the large box body second enclosure plate is higher than the surface of the large box body top plate. The large box body bottom plate is connected to the bottom plate of the ramp unit node, and the large box body top plate is connected to the tread of the ramp unit node.

[0011] Furthermore, the large box also includes a first enclosure panel, a sealing panel, and a support strip. The first enclosure panel is located on top of the top panel of the large box. The first enclosure panel and the second enclosure panel are spaced apart and opposite each other. The bottom of the first enclosure panel is connected to the top panel of the large box. The top surface of the first enclosure panel is at the same height as the top surface of the second enclosure panel. The gap between the top of the first enclosure panel and the top of the second enclosure panel is sealed by the sealing panel. The support strip is located between the first enclosure panel and the second enclosure panel. One side of the support strip is welded to the second enclosure panel, and the other side of the support strip is welded to the first enclosure panel.

[0012] Furthermore, some ramp unit nodes in the main body of the spiral ramp are also provided with supporting vertebral tubes. Part of the supporting vertebral tube is fixed to the longitudinal rib of the ramp unit node, and the other part of the supporting vertebral tube extends out of the ramp unit node and is located near the column. One end of the supporting rod is connected to the exposed supporting vertebral tube, and the other end of the supporting rod is connected to the column. Vertebral tube holes are symmetrically opened on the second and third enclosures of the large box in the ramp unit node provided with supporting vertebral tubes.

[0013] Furthermore, the longitudinal reinforcement of the fixed support tube is composed of a first unit reinforcement and a second unit reinforcement spliced ​​together. The longitudinal section of the longitudinal reinforcement is a right trapezoid. Each of the two unit reinforcements has a weld hole on the side near the bottom plate. The support tube includes a first section of circular tube and a second section of circular tube. One end of the first section of circular tube intersects with one end of the second section of circular tube. The second section of circular tube is inclined downwards, and the intersection of the two forms an obtuse angle. One end of the first section of circular tube is fixed to the first unit reinforcement, and the other end is fixed to the second unit reinforcement. The first section of circular tube is divided into two semicircular tubes, each of which is located on both sides of the first unit reinforcement. One end of the second section of circular tube is fixed to the second unit reinforcement, and the other end extends out of the second unit reinforcement. The end of the second section of circular tube that intersects with the first section of circular tube has symmetrical slots. The second unit reinforcement is inserted into the slots and fixed to the second section of circular tube. Circular partitions are provided inside the second section of circular tube at the conical hole of the second enclosure plate of the large box and at the conical hole of the third enclosure plate of the large box.

[0014] Furthermore, the transverse ribs are long ribs with an arc, and the transverse ribs stand between the base plate and the tread; the longitudinal ribs are composed of multiple unit ribs, each unit rib is located between adjacent transverse ribs and connected to the transverse ribs, each unit rib has a weld hole on the side near the base plate, and some unit ribs have open cutouts.

[0015] Furthermore, the spiral formed by the main body of the spiral ramp gradually narrows in diameter from bottom to top, forming a structure that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom.

[0016] This invention also discloses a construction method for the above-mentioned prefabricated irregular cross-section weathering steel curved spiral ramp, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0017] Step 1: Form the weathering steel plates that are assembled together according to the design structure of the spiral ramp;

[0018] Step 2: Erect the frame, place the base plate with bending and twisting on the frame, and weld the large box base plate and the small box base plate to the base plate of the ramp unit node respectively.

[0019] Step 3: Fix the supporting spinal tube to the longitudinal reinforcement, and weld the longitudinal reinforcement with the supporting spinal tube to the base plate;

[0020] Step 4: After completing Step 3, arrange multiple transverse ribs at intervals and weld them to the base plate;

[0021] Step 5: Install other longitudinal reinforcement units without supporting conical tubes between adjacent transverse reinforcement units, and weld the unit reinforcement units to the base plate;

[0022] Step 6: After completing Step 5, assemble the top plate of the large box, the top plate of the small box, and the guardrails of both the large and small boxes.

[0023] Step 7: Install the treads to form the ramp unit nodes;

[0024] Step 8: Assemble multiple ramp unit nodes to form the main body of the spiral ramp. When assembling, for ramp unit nodes with supporting cones, the exposed supporting cones need to be fixedly connected to the supporting rods, and the other end of the supporting rods needs to be fixed to the column.

[0025] Step 9: Lay concrete on the tread surface of the spiral ramp body.

[0026] Furthermore, in step 6, when assembling the large box-shaped guardrail panel, the assembly is performed in the following order:

[0027] (1) First assemble the second side panel of the large box;

[0028] (2) Then weld the support strips to the inner wall of the second enclosure of the large box;

[0029] (3) A plug welding groove is opened on the first enclosure of the large box corresponding to the support bar, and the first enclosure of the large box is welded to the support bar by plug welding through the plug welding groove;

[0030] (4) Finally, weld the large box sealing plate between the top of the first enclosure plate and the top of the second enclosure plate of the large box to seal the gap between them.

[0031] The spiral ramp designed in this invention is assembled using unit-type nodes. Each unit-type node is a prefabricated steel structure, assembled in a factory using bent and twisted plates according to the designed spiral line. Multiple unit-type nodes are spliced ​​together according to the bending and twisting design requirements, ensuring that the resulting spiral ramp meets the design precision. The longitudinal section of each unit-type node is designed as a right-angled trapezoid, with the right-angled side serving as the pedestrian step surface. This effectively transfers the ramp's center of gravity to the side closer to the pillars. The ramp's stability is ensured by its own rigidity and the support rods at the unit-type node locations. This not only allows for pedestrian passage but also supports the movement of some vehicles. Compared to existing prefabricated spiral ramps, this invention offers greater overall stability and load-bearing capacity. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating the overall structure of the spiral ramp in the embodiment;

[0033] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Structural diagram viewed from above;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating a section of a single-level ramp in a spiral ramp system.

[0035] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the node structure of a ramp unit with a supporting conical tube that constitutes a spiral ramp.

[0036] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Structural diagram of the medium and large box-shaped enclosure;

[0037] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram showing the large box from another perspective.

[0038] Figure 7 A diagram showing the internal structure of the large box after the outermost panel has been removed.

[0039] Figure 8 This is an exploded view of the large box-shaped structure.

[0040] Figure 9 for Figure 4 Structural diagram of small and medium-sized boxes;

[0041] Figure 10 This is an exploded view of the small box.

[0042] Figure 11 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the longitudinal reinforcement in the slab;

[0043] Figure 12 for Figure 4 A diagram illustrating the longitudinal reinforcement structure with central support for the vertebral canal;

[0044] Figure 13 An exploded view of the spinal canal.

[0045] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0046] 1. Columns; 2. Support rods; 3. Main body of the spiral ramp; A. Large box; a. Small box;

[0047] 301. Base plate; 302. Step; 303. Small box guardrail; 304. Large box guardrail; 305. Longitudinal reinforcement; 306. Transverse reinforcement; 307. Support tube;

[0048] 308. Large box bottom plate; 309. Large box top plate; 310. Large box first enclosure plate; 311. Large box sealing plate; 312. Large box third enclosure plate; 313. Large box transverse support plate; 314. Large box longitudinal support plate; 315. Conical tube hole; 316. Support strip; 317. Large box second enclosure plate;

[0049] 318. Top plate of the small box; 319. Transverse support plate of the small box; 320. Bottom plate of the small box; 321. Side plate of the small box; 322. Longitudinal stiffening plate of the small box;

[0050] 323. Unit slab reinforcement near the small box; 324. Unit slab reinforcement with cutouts; 325. Cutouts; 326. Welding holes;

[0051] 327. First unit slab reinforcement; 328. Second unit slab reinforcement; 329. First section of circular pipe; 330. Second section of circular pipe; 331. Slot. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0053] This embodiment discloses a prefabricated irregular-section weathering steel curved-torsional spiral ramp, such as... Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the spiral ramp mainly consists of a spiral ramp body 3, columns 1, and support rods 2. Columns 1, acting as supports, are located at the center of the spiral line of the spiral ramp body 3. Columns 1 and the spiral ramp body 3 are connected by multiple support rods 2 arranged from top to bottom. The entire spiral ramp body 3 exhibits a spring-like spiral upward design, uninterrupted from the bottom to the top, with the spiral line gradually narrowing from bottom to top, forming a structure that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, fully embodying the overall aesthetic appeal of the structure in its visual design.

[0054] To expedite construction and ensure a smooth spiral shape and assembly precision meeting design requirements, this embodiment uses steel structure ramp unit nodes as prefabricated components, which are assembled together to form the main body of the spiral ramp. Each ramp unit node is also composed of multiple processed plates. According to the spiral design requirements, the relevant plates are bent and twisted during processing. Then, a platform is erected in the factory to determine the degree of bending and twisting before assembly, ensuring that each ramp unit node has the required degree of bending and twisting. On-site, multiple ramp unit nodes are simply assembled according to the design requirements to form the spiral ascending structure.

[0055] Based on their installation location within the main spiral ramp body, ramp unit nodes can be categorized into those requiring connection to support rod 2 and those not requiring connection. For the former, the ramp unit node (such as...) Figure 4As shown, the ramp unit node is provided with a support tube 307 connected to the support rod 2. For the latter, there is no need to set up the support tube 307. The structures of the two ramp unit nodes are similar, and the only difference is that the design structure at the location of the support tube 307 is different. For the sake of simplification, this embodiment takes the ramp unit node with the support tube 307 as an example for explanation. The ramp unit node without the support tube 307 can be designed with reference to the given description.

[0056] like Figure 4 As shown, the ramp unit node has an internal cavity, with the top surface serving as the pedestrian walkway. To facilitate walking and the passage of special vehicles, the walkway has no steps. Handrails and guardrails are installed on both sides of the walkway, ensuring unobstructed views on both sides while maintaining safety. The longitudinal section of the ramp unit node is a right-angled trapezoid, with the right-angled legs pointing upwards and the inclined legs pointing downwards. The narrower upper base is further away from column 1, while the wider lower base is closer to column 1. Using the face containing the right-angled legs of the trapezoid as the walkway surface of the spiral ramp effectively transfers the ramp's center of gravity to the side closer to column 1. This allows the ramp to maintain stability through its own rigidity and the support rod 2 at the unit node location, accommodating a large number of people walking simultaneously and supporting the passage of some vehicles, providing a more comfortable experience for visitors.

[0057] Continue to refer to Figure 4 The ramp unit node mainly consists of a large box A, a small box a, a base plate 301, a step 302, and supporting ribs located in the internal cavity. The supporting ribs are divided into transverse ribs 306 and longitudinal ribs 305. Both the large box A and the small box a are quadrilateral cavity structures, and each has a guardrail on its top. In this embodiment, the base plate 301 in the ramp unit node is a single piece of steel plate with bending and twisting. The transverse ribs 306 and longitudinal ribs 305 are welded to the top of the base plate 301. Unit steps are set according to the spacing between adjacent transverse ribs 306, and the unit steps are welded to the top of the supporting ribs to close the top surface of the cavity. After assembly as described above, the base plate 301 serves as the surface of the inclined waist of the right trapezoid, the pedal 302 serves as the surface of the right waist of the right trapezoid, the large box A is connected to the lower base of the right trapezoid, the small box a is connected to the upper base of the right trapezoid, the top of the small box a extends upward to the small box guardrail 303, and the top of the large box A extends upward to the large box guardrail 304.

[0058] The structure of large box A is as follows Figures 5 to 8As shown, the large box A includes a bottom plate 308, a top plate 309, a third enclosure plate 312, and a second enclosure plate 317. The bottom plate 308 and the top plate 309 are vertically spaced and opposite each other, while the third enclosure plate 312 and the second enclosure plate 317 are horizontally spaced and opposite each other. The bottom plate 308, top plate 309, third enclosure plate 312, and second enclosure plate 317 are assembled and welded together to form a hollow box structure. To strengthen the load-bearing capacity of the internal box structure, longitudinal support plates 314 and transverse support plates 313 are installed inside the box structure. Welding holes are required on the top and bottom of the longitudinal support plates 314. The top of the second enclosure plate 317 is higher than the surface of the top plate 309 and can be used as a guardrail 304.

[0059] To further optimize the system and enhance the stability of the large box body guardrail 304, a first large box body panel 310, a large box body sealing plate 311, and a support strip 316 can be added to the upper part of the large box body top plate 309. The first large box body panel 310 and the second large box body panel 317 are spaced apart and opposite each other. The bottom of the first large box body panel 310 is welded to the large box body top plate 309. The top surface of the first large box body panel 310 is at the same height as the top surface of the second large box body panel 317. The gap between the top of the first large box body panel 310 and the top of the second large box body panel 317 is sealed by the large box body sealing plate 311. Multiple support bars 316 are spaced apart between the first enclosure plate 310 and the second enclosure plate 317 of the large box body. The support bars 316 are first welded to the second enclosure plate of the large box body, and then the first enclosure plate 310 of the large box body is assembled. To facilitate the welding operation between the first enclosure plate 310 of the large box body and the support bars 316, plug welding slots can be opened at the positions of the first enclosure plate 310 of the large box body corresponding to the support bars 316 (not shown in the attached figure). The first enclosure plate 310 of the large box body is fixed to the support bars 316 by plug welding through the plug welding slots. For the ramp unit node with support vertebra tubes 307, symmetrical vertebra tube holes 315 need to be opened on the second enclosure plate 317 and the third enclosure plate 312 of the large box body, so that the support vertebra tubes 307 can pass through the vertebra tube holes 315. After passing through, the support vertebra tubes 307 are exposed on the side near the column 1. The exposed end of the support vertebra tubes 307 is connected to one end of the support rod 2, and the other end of the support rod 2 is connected to the column 1. During the assembly of the large box A, the bottom plate 308 of the large box is welded together with the bottom plate 301 of the ramp unit node, and the top plate 309 of the large box is welded together with the step plate 302 of the ramp unit node.

[0060] The structure of small box a is as follows Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, the small box a includes a bottom plate 320, a top plate 318, side panels 321, transverse support plates 319, and guardrail plates 303. The bottom plate 320 and top plate 318 are vertically spaced and opposite each other, while the side panels 321 and transverse support plates 319 are horizontally spaced and opposite each other. The bottom plate 320, top plate 318, side panels 321, and transverse support plates 319 are welded together to form a hollow box structure. To enhance the structural strength of the box, multiple longitudinal stiffening plates 322 are also installed at intervals inside the box structure. The bottom of the guardrail plate 303 is connected to the top of the side panels 321, and the top of the guardrail plate 303 is higher than the surface of the top plate 318. When assembling the small box a, the bottom plate 320 of the small box is welded together with the bottom plate 301 of the ramp unit node, and the top plate 318 of the small box is welded together with the pedal 302 of the ramp unit node.

[0061] The ramp unit node formed by the above-described assembly structure includes multiple spaced transverse reinforcements 306 and multiple spaced longitudinal reinforcements 305 within its internal cavity. The transverse reinforcements 306 in the ramp unit node are curved, continuous long reinforcements. These transverse reinforcements 306 stand between the base plate 301 and the treadle 302 and are connected by welding. The longitudinal reinforcements 305 are as follows... Figure 11 The longitudinal reinforcement 305, composed of multiple unit reinforcements, is set according to the number of intervals of the transverse reinforcement 306, with at least two unit reinforcements. The longitudinal section of the longitudinal reinforcement 305 is a right trapezoid. Each unit reinforcement is located between adjacent transverse reinforcements 306 and welded to the transverse reinforcements 306 at both ends. Weld holes 326 are required at the bottom of each unit reinforcement.

[0062] Further explanation of longitudinal slab reinforcement 305, Figure 11 The longitudinal rib 305 consists of four unit ribs. To reduce the overall weight of the component and ensure that the safety margin of the joint stress is within a reasonable range, in this embodiment, a perforation 325 is also opened on the unit rib of the longitudinal rib 305. The perforation 325 also serves to allow for ventilation, preventing the appearance of the spiral ramp from bulging due to the expansion of water vapor inside the cavity at high temperatures. Considering the stress factors of the structure, since the cross-section of the unit rib 323 near the small box a is smaller, it is not necessary to open the perforation 325 on this unit rib 323. It is sufficient to open the perforation 325 on the other unit ribs 324 with perforations near the large box A.

[0063] For a ramp unit node with a supporting conical tube 307, the supporting conical tube 307 is set on one of the longitudinal reinforcement bars, such as... Figure 12As shown, the longitudinal rib with supporting conical tube 307 does not need to have a perforation 325. This longitudinal rib is spliced ​​from the first unit rib 327 and the second unit rib 328, with the splicing surfaces welded together. The cross-section formed after splicing is also a right trapezoid. Weld holes 326 need to be opened at the bottom of the two unit ribs. The supporting conical tube 307 on the longitudinal rib is divided into a first section of circular tube 329 and a second section of circular tube 330. The first section of circular tube 329 is set horizontally to the ground, and the second section of circular tube 330 is set downwards to the ground. The end of the first section of circular tube 329 intersects the beginning of the second section of circular tube 330, and the intersection forms an obtuse angle.

[0064] The first end and most of the main body of the first circular tube 329 are fixed to the first unit slab reinforcement 327, and the remaining main body and end of the first circular tube 329 are fixed to the second unit slab reinforcement 328. To facilitate the fixing of the first circular tube 329, as follows... Figure 13 As shown, the first segment of the circular tube 329 consists of two semi-circular tubes, which are fixed to both sides of the first unit rib 327. The first end and part of the main body of the second segment of the circular tube 330 are fixed to the second unit rib 328, and the remaining main body and end of the second segment of the circular tube 330 extend out of the second unit rib 328. To facilitate the fixing of the second segment of the circular tube 330 and the second unit rib 328, slots 331 are symmetrically opened at the intersecting ends of the second segment of the circular tube 330 and the first segment of the circular tube 329, allowing the second unit rib 328 to be inserted into the slots 331 and the two to be welded and fixed.

[0065] Furthermore, in this embodiment, two circular stiffening plates (not shown in the attached diagram) are respectively installed in the second section of the circular tube 330. One stiffening plate is installed at the vertebral tube hole 315 of the second enclosure plate 317 of the large box, and the other stiffening plate is installed at the vertebral tube hole 315 of the third enclosure plate 312 of the large box. The stiffening plates installed here not only play a mechanical stiffening role, but also have the function of sealing the exposed support of the vertebral tube 307, so as to avoid water leakage or water accumulation at the support of the vertebral tube 307.

[0066] Furthermore, to prevent the spiral ramp body from rusting and reduce its corrosion protection maintenance costs, the spiral ramp body in this embodiment is made of weathering steel, specifically Q345qDNH weathering steel. This material has strong corrosion resistance and does not require surface anti-corrosion paint. After assembling the spiral ramp body according to the above method, concrete can be laid on the surface of the tread 302.

[0067] The spiral ramps described above shall be constructed using the following methods:

[0068] Step 1: According to the design structure of the spiral ramp, the weathering steel plates that are assembled with each other are formed and processed. During processing, the plates that need to be bent and twisted are formed to meet the required bending and twisting degree according to the design drawings.

[0069] Step 2: Erect a frame according to the bending and twisting of the base plate 301, place the base plate 301 with bending and twisting on the frame, and weld the large box base plate 308 and the small box base plate 320 to the base plate 301 of the ramp unit node respectively.

[0070] Step 3: Fix the supporting spinal tube 307 to the longitudinal reinforcement, and weld the longitudinal reinforcement with the supporting spinal tube 307 to the bottom plate 301;

[0071] Specifically, the supporting vertebral tube 307 is divided into a first circular tube 329 and a second circular tube 330. The first circular tube 329 is further divided into two semicircular tubes. One end of each semicircular tube is welded to both sides of the first unit rib 327 using a full penetration weld. The other ends of the two semicircular tubes extend beyond the first unit rib 327. A section of the second circular tube 330 has symmetrically placed slots 331. One end of the second unit rib 328 is inserted into the slot 331 and fixed to the second unit rib 328 using a full penetration weld. Then, the other end of the second unit rib 328 is inserted between the two semicircular tubes of the first circular tube 329 and fixed to the first unit rib 327 using a full penetration weld. Finally, the longitudinal ribs of the supporting vertebral tube 307 are welded to the base plate 301.

[0072] Step 4: After completing step 3, arrange and weld multiple transverse ribs 306 at intervals onto the base plate 301; for transverse ribs 306 that intersect with longitudinal ribs with supporting vertebral tubes 307, break them from the longitudinal ribs and intersect with the supporting vertebral tubes 307.

[0073] Step 5: Install other longitudinal reinforcement units without supporting conical tubes between adjacent transverse reinforcement units 306, and weld the unit reinforcement units to the base plate 301.

[0074] Step 6: After completing Step 5, assemble the top plate of the large box, the top plate of the small box, and the guardrails of both the large and small boxes.

[0075] Specifically, first, assemble the top plate 318 and guardrail plate 303 of the small box to form small box a. Then, assemble them to form large box A. When assembling large box A, first weld the third enclosure plate 312 of the large box to the bottom plate 301, and let the second section of the round tube 330 pass through the conical hole 315 on the third enclosure plate 312 of the large box. Weld a circular stiffening plate inside the second section of the round tube 330 at the conical hole 315 of the third enclosure plate 312 of the large box. After completing the assembly of the third enclosure plate 312 of the large box, assemble the second enclosure plate 317 of the large box to form the guardrail plate of the large box. The guardrail plate of the large box is assembled in the following order:

[0076] (1) First, assemble the second enclosure plate 317 of the large box body, let the second section of the round tube 330 pass through the vertebral tube hole 315 on the second enclosure plate 317 of the large box body, and weld a round stiffening plate inside the second section of the round tube 330 at the vertebral tube hole 315 of the second enclosure plate 317 of the large box body.

[0077] (2) Then weld the top plate 309 of the large box to the top of the third side plate 312 of the large box and the second side plate 317 of the large box;

[0078] (3) After completing step (2), weld multiple support bars 316 at intervals onto the inner wall of the second enclosure 317 of the large box;

[0079] (4) Two plug welding slots are opened on the first enclosure plate 310 of the large box body at three equal divisions corresponding to the support bar 316. The first enclosure plate 310 of the large box body is welded to the support bar 316 by plug welding through the plug welding slots. The bottom of the first enclosure plate 310 of the large box body is welded to the top plate 309 of the large box body.

[0080] (5) Finally, the large box sealing plate 311 is welded between the top of the first enclosure plate 310 and the top of the second enclosure plate 317 of the large box to seal the gap between the two.

[0081] Step 7: Install the treads on the top of each adjacent transverse rib 306 to complete the assembly of the ramp unit nodes;

[0082] Step 8: Assemble multiple ramp unit nodes to form the spiral ramp body 3. When assembling, for ramp unit nodes with supporting conical tubes 307, the exposed supporting conical tubes 307 need to be fixedly connected to the supporting rods 2, and the other end of the supporting rods 2 needs to be fixed to the column 1.

[0083] Step 9: Lay concrete on the tread surface of the spiral ramp body 3.

[0084] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A prefabricated irregular-section weathering steel curved-torsional spiral ramp, characterized in that: It includes a spiral ramp body, columns, and support rods. The columns are located at the center of the spiral ramp body, and the columns are connected to the spiral ramp body by multiple support rods. The spiral ramp body is made of weathering steel and includes multiple interconnected ramp unit nodes with bending and twisting properties. The ramp unit node includes a large box, a small box, a base plate, a tread, transverse ribs, and longitudinal ribs. The base plate and the tread are opposite each other and spaced apart. The base plate and the tread are fixedly connected by transverse ribs and longitudinal ribs. The base plate, transverse ribs, and tread are fixedly connected to each other to form a cavity structure with a longitudinal cross-section of a right trapezoid. The edge line of the tread acts as the right-angled leg of the right trapezoid, and the edge line of the base plate acts as the inclined leg of the right trapezoid. From far to near, they gradually approach the column. The width of the transverse ribs on the base plate gradually increases. The edge line of the transverse rib with the smallest width acts as the upper base of the right trapezoid, and the edge line of the transverse rib with the largest width acts as the lower base of the right trapezoid. Both the large box and the small box are box-shaped structures with quadrilateral cross sections. Each of the large box and the small box has a guardrail on the top of its box-shaped structure. The large box is fixedly installed on the lower base side of the right-angled trapezoid, and the small box is fixedly installed on the upper base side of the right-angled trapezoid. The spiral line formed by the main body of the spiral ramp gradually narrows from bottom to top, forming a structure that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom. The large box body includes a bottom plate, a top plate, a third side plate, and a second side plate. The bottom plate and the top plate are spaced apart and opposite each other, as are the third and second side plates. Together, they form a hollow box structure. The box structure is internally supported by longitudinal and transverse support plates. The top of the second side plate is higher than the surface of the top plate. The bottom plate is connected to the bottom plate of the ramp unit node, and the top plate is connected to the tread of the ramp unit node. The spiral ramp body is equipped with a support vertebra tube on some ramp unit nodes. Part of the support vertebra tube is fixed to the longitudinal rib of the ramp unit node, and the other part of the support vertebra tube extends out of the ramp unit node and is located near the column. One end of the support rod is connected to the exposed support vertebra tube, and the other end of the support rod is connected to the column. Vertebral tube holes are symmetrically opened on the second and third enclosures of the large box in the ramp unit node equipped with the support vertebra tube. The longitudinal reinforcement of the fixed support tube is composed of a first unit reinforcement and a second unit reinforcement spliced ​​together. The longitudinal section of the longitudinal reinforcement is a right trapezoid. Each of the two unit reinforcements has a weld hole on the side near the bottom plate. The support tube includes a first section of circular tube and a second section of circular tube. One end of the first section of circular tube intersects with one end of the second section of circular tube. The second section of circular tube is inclined downwards, and the intersection of the two forms an obtuse angle. One end of the first section of circular tube is fixed to the first unit reinforcement and the other end is fixed to the second unit reinforcement. The first section of circular tube is divided into two semicircular tubes, each located on both sides of the first unit reinforcement. One end of the second section of circular tube is fixed to the second unit reinforcement, and the other end extends out of the second unit reinforcement. The end of the second section of circular tube that intersects with the first section of circular tube has symmetrical slots. The second unit reinforcement is inserted into the slots and fixed to the second section of circular tube. Circular partitions are provided inside the second section of circular tube at the conical tube hole of the second enclosure plate of the large box and at the conical tube hole of the third enclosure plate of the large box.

2. The assembled irregular cross-section weathering steel curved-torsional spiral ramp according to claim 1, characterized in that: The small box includes a bottom plate, a top plate, side panels, transverse support plates, and guardrails. The bottom plate and top plate are spaced apart and opposite each other, as are the side panels and transverse support plates. Together, they form a hollow box structure. A longitudinal stiffening plate is installed inside the box structure. The bottom of the guardrail is connected to the top of the side panels, and the top of the guardrail is higher than the surface of the top plate. The bottom plate is connected to the bottom plate of the ramp unit node, and the top plate is connected to the tread of the ramp unit node.

3. The assembled irregular cross-section weathering steel curved-torsional spiral ramp according to claim 2, characterized in that: The large box also includes a first enclosure panel, a sealing panel, and support strips. The first enclosure panel is located on top of the top panel of the large box. The first enclosure panel and the second enclosure panel are spaced apart and opposite each other. The bottom of the first enclosure panel is connected to the top panel of the large box. The top surface of the first enclosure panel is at the same height as the top surface of the second enclosure panel. The top of the first enclosure panel and the top of the second enclosure panel are connected and sealed by the sealing panel. The support strips are located between the first enclosure panel and the second enclosure panel. One side of the support strips is welded to the second enclosure panel, and the other side of the support strips is welded to the first enclosure panel.

4. The prefabricated irregular cross-section weathering steel curved-torsional spiral ramp according to claim 3, characterized in that: The transverse ribs are long ribs with an arc, and the transverse ribs stand between the base plate and the tread. The longitudinal ribs are composed of multiple unit ribs, each unit rib is located between adjacent transverse ribs and connected to the transverse ribs. Each unit rib has a weld hole on the side near the base plate, and some unit ribs have hollowed-out openings.

5. The construction method of a prefabricated irregular-section weathering steel curved-torsional spiral ramp as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Form the weathering steel plates that are assembled together according to the design structure of the spiral ramp; Step 2: Erect the frame, place the base plate with bending and twisting on the frame, and weld the large box base plate and the small box base plate to the base plate of the ramp unit node respectively. Step 3: Fix the supporting spinal tube to the longitudinal reinforcement, and weld the longitudinal reinforcement with the supporting spinal tube to the base plate; Step 4: After completing Step 3, arrange multiple transverse ribs at intervals and weld them to the base plate; Step 5: Install other longitudinal reinforcement units without supporting conical tubes between adjacent transverse reinforcement units, and weld the unit reinforcement units to the base plate; Step 6: After completing Step 5, assemble the top plate of the large box, the top plate of the small box, and the guardrails of both the large and small boxes. Step 7: Install the treads to form the ramp unit nodes; Step 8: Assemble multiple ramp unit nodes to form the main body of the spiral ramp. When assembling, for ramp unit nodes with supporting cones, the exposed supporting cones need to be fixedly connected to the supporting rods, and the other end of the supporting rods needs to be fixed to the column. Step 9: Lay concrete on the tread surface of the spiral ramp body.

6. The construction method as described in claim 5, characterized in that: In step 6, when assembling the large box-shaped guardrail panel, the assembly shall be carried out in the following order: (1) First assemble the second side panel of the large box; (2) Then weld the support strips to the inner wall of the second enclosure of the large box; (3) A plug welding groove is opened on the first enclosure of the large box corresponding to the support bar, and the first enclosure of the large box is welded to the support bar by plug welding through the plug welding groove; (4) Finally, weld the large box sealing plate between the top of the first enclosure plate and the top of the second enclosure plate of the large box to seal the gap between them.

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