A method for predicting and controlling the flowering period of golden osmanthus by using the cooling amount required by the daily maximum temperature

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for predicting and controlling the flowering period of golden osmanthus by using the cooling amount required by the daily maximum temperature, which belongs to the field of plant cultivation technology and includes the following steps: determining the low temperature index before the flowering of golden osmanthus, determining the high temperature index after the low temperature before the flowering of golden osmanthus, calculating the high and low temperature accumulation; determining the low temperature accumulation threshold and the high temperature accumulation threshold, setting two thresholds for the low temperature accumulation, and determining the start date of activating the active growth of golden osmanthus flower buds. When the low temperature accumulation is small, the high temperature weather can remove the low temperature effect; the low temperature accumulation is within a certain range, even after the golden osmanthus flowers, if the flowering time is short, the energy is not completely released, and the energy is accumulated again after a certain high temperature, and secondary flowering will occur after the low temperature appears again. Control the environmental temperature of the growth of golden osmanthus to achieve the required low temperature index and low temperature accumulation, so as to promote the flowering and multiple flowering of golden osmanthus; use the two methods of the start date of active growth of golden osmanthus flower buds and the low temperature accumulation to predict the flowering period.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a method for predicting and controlling the flowering period of golden osmanthus by using the cooling amount required by the daily maximum temperature. Background Art

[0002] Sweet osmanthus is an evergreen tree or shrub of the genus Osmanthus in the family Oleaceae. Its pedicels are relatively thin and weak, and its filaments are extremely short. Its flowers are extremely fragrant. Sweet osmanthus is also one of the top ten famous flowers in China. As early as more than 2,000 years ago, my country began to cultivate sweet osmanthus. It has a long history and has formed rich Chinese sweet osmanthus cultural connotations and connotations. The cultivation of sweet osmanthus by the Chinese people began in the Song Dynasty and flourished in the early Ming Dynasty. Historically, the famous sweet osmanthus producing areas in my country were formed in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Suzhou, Jiangsu, Xianning, Hubei, Guilin, Guangxi, and Xindu, Sichuan. In the urban construction of modern society, more attention is paid to the role of trees and flowers in improving the urban ecological environment and accumulating cultural heritage. Sweet osmanthus is not only green all year round and has a beautiful tree shape, but also has charming colors and intoxicating fragrance in the golden autumn season, which is loved by people. In 1984, Hefei City designated sweet osmanthus as the city flower for the first time. Subsequently, 10 cities including Hangzhou, Nantong, Suzhou, Nanyang, Guilin, Xianning, Luzhou, Enshi, Ma'anshan, Xinyang, Guangyuan and Laohekou designated osmanthus as their city flower to highlight the natural and cultural characteristics of the city.

[0003] Osmanthus can be used for phlegm, cough, asthma, cold pain in the abdomen, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, etc. The "Pharmacology of Chinese Medicine" records the effect of osmanthus in removing bad breath. "Anhui Chinese Herbal Medicine" and "Zhejiang Medicinal Plants" both record that osmanthus is mainly used to treat stomach cold and abdominal pain, and it also has the effect of treating phlegm and relieving cough. In addition to its medicinal value, osmanthus can also be processed into osmanthus cake for consumption. Osmanthus cake has a long history and is also called Chongyang cake. There is a poem "Mid-Autumn Festival has just passed and Chongyang Festival has come again, and flower cakes are busy everywhere again." In addition to being a food therapy, osmanthus trees also have ornamental value. Its tree posture is upright and elegant, the crown is in a "round" shape, and the soft lines of the tree give people a sense of stability and peace. Xie Mao of the Song Dynasty has a poem describing osmanthus as "green clouds cutting leaves, low to protect golden crumbs." Gu Ying of the Yuan Dynasty wrote "golden millet falls like rain."

[0004] Sweet osmanthus is also a symbol of autumn. When sweet osmanthus blooms, autumn has arrived. Yang Kangmin et al., Hao Riming et al., Jiang Jihong et al., Li Jun et al., Chen Le et al., Wu Xuanke et al., Zhang Lingyun et al., Wang Yuqin et al., Bao Junqiao et al., Kan Xinxin et al., Bai Yunxia et al. conducted a series of studies on the relationship between sweet osmanthus flowering and meteorological conditions, and clarified that sweet osmanthus needs certain low temperature conditions before flowering. Wang Yuxiang et al. took Osmanthus fragrans as the research object and believed that it only takes one day for the maximum daily temperature to be below 23.0℃ for Osmanthus fragrans to bloom.

[0005] In order to enrich people's cultural life and tourism industry, various osmanthus appreciation gatherings and activities are held. In order to study the flowering law of osmanthus, accurately predict the flowering time of osmanthus, and arrange various activities in advance, the flowering law and flowering period prediction of golden osmanthus are studied. Through the study of the correlation between the meteorological factors and the physiological characteristics of osmanthus, the law is summarized to predict and control the flowering time and method of osmanthus, which provides a basis for arranging osmanthus appreciation activities in advance, and can also provide technical support for special festival activities to control the flowering time of osmanthus. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned technical difficulties, study the flowering law of osmanthus, accurately predict the flowering time of osmanthus, and arrange various activities in advance; by studying the correlation between meteorological factors and physiological characteristics of osmanthus, summarizing the law, predicting and controlling the flowering time and method of osmanthus. Provide a method for predicting the flowering period of golden osmanthus by using the daily maximum temperature cooling amount.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted is: a method for predicting the flowering period of golden osmanthus by using the cooling amount required by the daily maximum temperature, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Determine the low temperature index T based on the highest temperature meteorological data from September 1 to the day before flowering in previous years. 低 , high temperature index T 高 , low temperature accumulation threshold T d1 , low temperature accumulation threshold T d2 and high temperature accumulation threshold T g1 , where T d2 > T d1 , calculate the low temperature accumulation ΣT d and high temperature accumulation ΣT g , where T d , T g Calculate according to formula (1) and (2) respectively, ΣT d and ΣT g Add them up so that they meet the following conditions:

[0009] ;

[0010] Case 1: The maximum temperature of the day is lower than T 低 After that, start accumulating ΣT daily d , when the accumulated ΣT d ≥T d2 After that, ΣT d Reach T d2 The date is the starting day for stimulating flower bud differentiation, and flowering will occur after Y days;

[0011] Case 2: Start accumulating ΣT d After that, if the maximum daily temperature>T高 , start accumulating ΣT daily g , when ΣT g ≥T g1 After that, the previous ΣT d Clear, ΣT d It needs to be accumulated again to stimulate the active growth of golden osmanthus buds;

[0012] Case 3: In case 2, if ΣT g <T g1 Then the previous ΣT d Not cleared, and ΣT d ≥T d1 , then ΣT d Reach T d1 The date of flowering is Y days later;

[0013] Step 2: Determine T based on the daily maximum temperature meteorological data after September 1 of the current year. 低 , T 高 , T d1 , T d2 and T g1 , according to the above-mentioned situations 1, 2 and 3, after the conditions are met, the golden osmanthus buds enter the active growth period and bloom after Y days;

[0014] Step 3: Calculate the low temperature accumulation ΣT based on the daily maximum temperature meteorological data after September 1 of the same year d , blooming after Y days, ΣT d Has a power relationship with Y: Y=A×ΣT d B .

[0015] Further, the observation and experimental study of Taizhou Jingui: T 低 =25.0℃、T 高 =28.0℃、ΣT d1 =2.0℃·day,ΣT d2 =3.1℃·day, ΣT g1 =2.3℃·day.

[0016] Further, the range of Y is 3-9 days, and the average value is 6.314 days.

[0017] Furthermore, the ΣT d The relationship with Y is: Y=9.175×ΣT d -0.35 .

[0018] Furthermore, when the flowering period of golden osmanthus is less than or equal to 7 days after its first flowering, the high temperature accumulation ΣT calculated after the low temperature that stimulates the active growth of flower buds is g , when ΣT g≥0.9℃ will stimulate secondary flowering.

[0019] Furthermore, the method is adopted to control the environmental temperature of the golden osmanthus growth to achieve the required low temperature index and low temperature accumulation, thereby promoting the flowering of the golden osmanthus, the flowering time and multiple flowering.

[0020] The beneficial effects of adopting the above scheme are as follows: this method of using the daily maximum temperature to predict and control the flowering period of golden osmanthus, through the study and analysis of the phenological observation data of golden osmanthus, it is concluded that the flower buds of golden osmanthus need a certain amount of low temperature accumulation to stimulate active growth; when the low temperature accumulation is small, high temperature weather can remove the low temperature effect; when the low temperature accumulation is within a certain range, even after the golden osmanthus blooms, if the flowering time is short, the energy is not fully released, and after a certain high temperature, the energy is accumulated again, and the low temperature will appear again. The second flowering will occur after the low temperature appears again. By studying the correlation between the meteorological factors and the physiological characteristics of osmanthus, the rules are summarized to predict and control the flowering time and method of osmanthus. It provides a basis for arranging osmanthus appreciation activities in advance, and can also provide technical support for special festival activities to control the flowering time of osmanthus. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the judgment flow of the calculation method of the method for predicting and controlling the flowering period of golden osmanthus by using the cooling amount required by the daily maximum temperature.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a point cluster diagram showing the relationship between the start date of stimulating bud differentiation of Osmanthus fragrans and the start date of the first flowering according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a point cluster diagram showing the relationship between the accumulated amount of low temperature and the interval between the beginning of flowering according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The technical scheme of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the specific embodiments of the present invention. The described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Embodiment 1

[0025] like Figure 1 The figure shows a judgment flow chart of a calculation method for predicting and controlling the flowering period of golden osmanthus by using the cooling amount required by the daily maximum temperature.

[0026] The steps are:

[0027] Step 1: Determine the low temperature index T based on the highest temperature meteorological data from September 1 to the day before flowering in previous years. 低 , high temperature index T 高, low temperature accumulation threshold T d1 and high temperature accumulation threshold T g1 , calculate the low temperature accumulation ΣT d and high temperature accumulation ΣT g , where T d , T g Calculate according to formula (1) and (2) respectively, ΣT d and ΣT g Add them up so that they meet the following conditions:

[0028] ;

[0029] Case 1: The maximum temperature of the day is lower than T 低 After that, start accumulating ΣT daily d , when the accumulated ΣT d ≥T d2 After that, ΣT d Reach T d2 The date is the starting day for stimulating flower bud differentiation, and flowering will occur after Y days;

[0030] Case 2: Start accumulating ΣT d After that, if the maximum daily temperature>T 高 , start accumulating ΣT daily g , when ΣT g ≥T g1 After that, the previous ΣT d Clear, ΣT d It needs to be accumulated again to stimulate the active growth of golden osmanthus buds;

[0031] Case 3: In case 2, if ΣT g <T g1 Then the previous ΣT d Not cleared, and ΣT d ≥T d1 , then ΣT d Reach T d1 The date of flowering is Y days later. ;

[0032] Step 2: Determine T based on the daily maximum temperature meteorological data after September 1 of the current year. 低 , T 高 , T d1 , T d2 and T g1 According to the calculation and judgment of the above situations 1, 2 and 3, when the conditions are met, the golden osmanthus buds enter the active growth period and bloom after Y days.

[0033] Step 3: Calculate the low temperature accumulation ΣT based on the daily maximum temperature meteorological data after September 1 of the same year d , blooming after Y days, ΣT dHas a power relationship with Y: Y=A×ΣT d B . Example 2

[0034] 1. Information on the phenological period of golden osmanthus:

[0035] The phenological observation data of golden osmanthus in this study are the observation data of golden osmanthus in Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province. The flowering period phenological observations conducted from 2006 to 2022 were in accordance with the provisions of the "Agricultural Meteorological Observation Specifications • Natural Phenology Volume" published by the National Meteorological Administration in 1993. The bud or inflorescence appearance period, the beginning of flowering period, the peak of flowering period, the end of flowering period and the second flowering period were selected to study and analyze the flowering pattern of golden osmanthus.

[0036] From 2006 to 2022, the average start date of the first flowering of Taizhou Golden Osmanthus is October 8, the earliest is September 18, and the latest is October 23; the average peak flowering period is October 10, the earliest is September 19, and the latest is October 25; the average end of flowering is October 16, the earliest is September 24, and the latest is November 4. The phenomenon of secondary flowering only occurred three times in 2009, 2012, and 2014. If the number of days from the beginning to the end of flowering (both the beginning and the end are counted) is taken as the length of the flowering period, the length of the first flowering period is 6 to 18 days, with an average of 9.4 days. Specific flowering period records are shown in Table 1

[0037] Table 1 Flowering dates of Taizhou golden osmanthus over the years

[0038] Era Bud or inflorescence appearance stage The beginning of flowering Flowering season Late flowering Second flowering First flowering period length 2006 September 16 September 18 September 19 September 24 none 7 2007 October 14 October 16 October 17 October 23 none 8 2008 October 3 October 5 October 6 October 15 none 11 2009 October 3 October 6 October 9 October 11 October 20 6 2010 October 2 October 3 October 8 October 20 none 18 2011 September 27 September 28 September 29 October 7 none 10 2012 September 20 September 21 September 22 September 27 October 8 7 2013 October 22 October 23 October 24 October 31 none 9 2014 September 26 September 27 September 28 October 2 October 21 6 2015 October 13 October 15 October 17 October 24 none 10 2016 October 14 October 15 October 16 October 21 none 7 2017 October 20 October 21 October 22 October 28 none 8 2018 October 15 October 19 October 20 October 25 none 7 2019 October 13 October 14 October 15 October 23 none 10 2020 September 24 September 25 September 27 October 3 none 9 2021 October 18 October 20 October 25 November 4 none 16 2022 October 13 October 15 October 17 October 24 none 10 average October 6 October 8 October 10 October 16 9.4 .

[0039] 2. Maximum temperature data

[0040] Meteorological data are from Taizhou Meteorological Station.

[0041] 3. Research content and methods on the relationship between the flowering of golden osmanthus and the maximum temperature

[0042] 3.1. Research methods of low temperature index before golden osmanthus blooms

[0043] The flowering and fruiting of many plants often require the accumulation or stimulation of substances similar to that produced by vernalization before the flower buds can begin to grow actively.

[0044] As a plant that blooms in autumn, the maximum daily temperature before flowering fluctuates. When the maximum daily temperature drops to a certain value, the summer dormancy of the osmanthus can be lifted, the flower buds can be stimulated to enter active growth, and then flowering can be achieved. It is necessary to find a low temperature index T 低 , calculate the temperature below T for each low temperature process 低 The accumulated amount of low temperature.

[0045] 3.2 Research methods for low temperature before golden osmanthus flowering and high temperature after flowering

[0046] The high temperature stage cannot form the activated substances that can only be produced when the low temperature appears, and will also decompose due to the reappearance of high temperature. Set a value greater than T 低 High temperature index T 高 , and calculate the accumulated high temperature during the interval between two low temperatures or from the low temperature to the beginning of flowering (excluding the beginning).

[0047] 3.3 Research methods of high (low) temperature accumulation

[0048] For each low temperature process (until T 高 The cumulative amount of low temperature is calculated before the high temperature above T, and the cumulative amount of low temperature is calculated between two low temperatures or between the low temperature and the day before the beginning of flowering. 高 High temperature accumulation is used to indicate the effect of high temperature on the decomposition activation substance.

[0049] The calculation formula for high (low) cumulative amount is:

[0050] .

[0051] 3.4 Research methods for low temperature accumulation threshold and high temperature accumulation threshold

[0052] There are two thresholds for low temperature accumulation: when the low temperature accumulation reaches low temperature threshold I, it will be released by high temperature, and when the low temperature accumulation reaches low temperature threshold II, it will no longer be released by high temperature. To release the previous low temperature accumulation, a certain high temperature accumulation threshold must also be reached.

[0053] 3.5. Research method for activating the start date of active growth of golden osmanthus buds

[0054] The temperature starts to drop gradually after September every year, and the daily low and high values ​​of the daily maximum temperature are determined day by day starting from September 1st.

[0055] Method for finding the low temperature index value: Assume that the low temperature index that stimulates the flowering of golden osmanthus is T 低 , then every year before flowering, there must be a low temperature process below this temperature, that is, the minimum daily maximum temperature before the golden osmanthus blooms in a certain year is t, then t≤T. The minimum daily maximum temperature before the flowering of sample 1 is t1, the minimum daily maximum temperature before the flowering of sample 2 is t2, ..., the minimum daily maximum temperature before the flowering of sample n is tn, then the maximum value tM among t1, t2, ..., tn is calculated by using T slightly larger than tM. 低 As the initial value of the low temperature indicator.

[0056] Then select a value greater than T 低 High temperature index T 高The low temperature threshold II must be greater than the low temperature threshold I.

[0057] The technical method for calculating the start date of active growth of flower buds year by year is as follows Figure 1 .

[0058] According to the statistics of the minimum and maximum temperatures on the day before the first flowering of each year from 2006 to 2022, the maximum temperature is 24.2℃. 低 The initial value is 24.2~26℃. Set the index and threshold range: The step size is 0.1℃; T 低1 =24.2~26℃; T 低2 =26~29℃; low temperature threshold Ⅰ=0.5~5℃; low temperature threshold 2=2~6℃, and low temperature threshold Ⅱ> low temperature threshold Ⅰ; high temperature threshold=0.5~5℃; from 2006 to 2022, the above 6 parameters are set as 6 cycles and calculated one by one. Calculate the starting date of flower bud differentiation for different high (low) temperature indicators and high (low) temperature accumulation thresholds.

[0059] Results and Analysis

[0060] 1. Determine the index and threshold value based on the maximum correlation coefficient between the start date of active growth of flower buds and the start date of flowering

[0061] The single correlation coefficient was calculated for all effective sequences of the start date of flower bud active growth and the start date of flowering. The high (low) temperature index and the high (low) temperature accumulation threshold were determined by the maximum single correlation coefficient. The results were: the single correlation coefficient was 0.98859***, reaching an extremely significant level, and the low temperature index T 低 =25.0℃, high temperature index T 高 =28.0℃, low temperature cumulative threshold I = 2.0℃•day, low temperature cumulative threshold II = 3.1℃•day, high temperature cumulative threshold = 2.3℃•day.

[0062] Table 2 lists the start date, end date (whether the standard is reached or not is marked as no) or the start date of flower bud opening (whether the standard is reached or not is marked as yes) of each low temperature process before the first flowering in the calendar year from 2006 to 2022, the accumulated low temperature in the low temperature process, the number of days until the beginning of flowering, whether the standard for flower bud differentiation is reached, the accumulated high temperature after each low temperature process, and the low temperature effect that can relieve this low temperature process. We also made the same calculation and analysis of the average temperature and daily minimum temperature in this stage, and the effect was far worse than the daily maximum temperature.

[0063] Table 2 Characteristic values ​​of low temperature process before the first flowering of golden osmanthus in Taizhou over the years

[0064]

[0065] From all these 17 years, the average time for the golden osmanthus to enter the flowering period is 6.35 days after the buds enter the active growth period.

[0066] (1) After midsummer, when the maximum temperature of the day drops below 25°C, and the cumulative amount of low temperatures below 25°C (i.e., the daily maximum temperature of 25°C minus the daily maximum temperature) reaches 3.1°C / day or more, the cold demand is stimulated, and the golden osmanthus buds can directly enter the active growth state from the summer dormancy state, which is referred to as the active start day of the flower buds;

[0067] (2) When the cumulative amount of low temperatures below 25°C reaches 2.0°C·days, and then the daily maximum temperature exceeds 28°C, when the cumulative amount of high temperatures above 28°C reaches 2.4°C·days within 1 to 9 days thereafter, the previous cumulative value of low temperatures will be released, and the cumulative amount of low temperatures (equivalent to the substance that stimulates the active growth of flower buds) will need to be accumulated again; and when the cumulative amount of high temperatures does not reach 2.3°C·days, the date when the cumulative amount of low temperatures reaches 2.0°C·days or above is the start date of active growth of flower buds.

[0068] 2. Verification and condition analysis of indicators and thresholds for the second flowering of golden osmanthus

[0069] In all 17 years of observation, the second flowering occurred after the first flowering in 2009, 2012, and 2014. Referring to the conditions of the first flowering, its low temperature index, high temperature index, low temperature accumulation threshold, and high temperature accumulation threshold all met the conditions (Table 4).

[0070] Table 4 Characteristic values ​​of low temperature process before the second flowering of golden osmanthus in Taizhou over the years

[0071] years Serial number start date End date or start date of flower bud differentiation Low temperature accumulation (℃) Number of days until flowering begins Whether it meets the standards The subsequent high temperature accumulation Whether to release 2009 1-1 October 10 October 12 3.4 8 yes 0.6 no 2012 1-1 September 22 September 23 2.2 15 yes 1.7 no 2014 1-1 October 6 October 14 3.1 7 yes 1.6 no .

[0072] As shown in Table 4, in the first flowering of these three years, the duration from the beginning to the end was 6 days in two years and 7 days in one year, while in the other years it was 7 days or more.

[0073] The flowering of golden osmanthus is a process of releasing material energy. The material energy accumulated in summer is converted into the opening of osmanthus after the temperature drops in autumn. As shown in Table 2, only in 2006, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014, and 2019, high temperature energy was accumulated after the flower buds were stimulated to enter the active period. Among them, the flowering period in 2010 reached 18 days, and the flowering period in 2011 and 2019 also reached 10 days, releasing more energy and no secondary flowering. However, in 2009 and 2014, there were only 6 days, and in 2012, there were only 7 days, and the release was small, so secondary flowering occurred. Only in 2006, there was a small amount of high temperature accumulation during the 7 days of flowering, but no secondary flowering. The reason needs to be further explored. For example, in the three years with secondary flowering, the total low temperature accumulation was small. Although the low temperature accumulation in 2014 was large, the subsequent high temperature accumulation was even larger, which was equivalent to forcibly terminating the flowering process of golden osmanthus. The low temperature accumulation in the other two years was significantly less than that in 2006.

[0074] In summary: when the flowering period of golden osmanthus is less than or equal to 7 days, and the subsequent high temperature accumulation is greater than 0.9℃, it will stimulate secondary flowering. Moreover, the less the low temperature accumulation before the first flowering, the greater the subsequent high temperature accumulation, and the more likely it is to have a secondary flowering.

[0075] 3. Study on the relationship between the start date of stimulating active growth of golden osmanthus buds and the start date of the first flowering and the prediction model

[0076] Take the first flowering date of golden osmanthus as the ordinate and the starting date of stimulating the active growth of golden osmanthus buds calculated above as the abscissa, and make a point clustering diagram. Figure 2 .

[0077] from Figure 2 It can be seen that the start date of active flower bud growth and the start date of the first flowering have an excellent linear correlation, with a single correlation coefficient of 0.98859***, reaching an extremely significant level. The regression equation is:

[0078] Y=1.001×X+6.314 (4)

[0079] In formula (4), X is the starting date of active flower bud growth calculated above, Y is the starting date of golden osmanthus flowering, and X and Y are 1 for September 1, 2 for September 2, and so on, and 31 for October 1.

[0080] From the above formula, we can see that the regression coefficient is 1.001, which is close to 1. It is calculated using the average of X, 32, and directly predicted using X+6.62, which is very close.

[0081] 4. Study on the relationship between the accumulated low temperature before the flowering of golden osmanthus and the interval to the beginning of flowering and the prediction model

[0082] The accumulated amount of low temperature during each low temperature process before the flowering of golden osmanthus from 2006 to 2022 (excluding the records relieved by high temperature) is used as the horizontal axis, and the number of days between the end date of the accumulated amount of low temperature and the beginning of flowering is used as the vertical axis. A point clustering chart is shown in the figure. Figure 3 .

[0083] from Figure 3 It can be seen that the cumulative amount of low temperature in each low temperature process and the interval to the beginning of flowering have an excellent power exponential correlation, with a correlation coefficient of 0.79493***, n=23, reaching an extremely significant level. The regression equation is:

[0084] Y=9.175×X -0.35 (5)

[0085] In formula (5), X is the cumulative amount of low temperature in each low temperature process, and Y is the interval from the end date of the calculation of the cumulative amount of low temperature to the beginning of the flowering of golden osmanthus.

[0086] From the above formula, we can calculate that when X=2℃•day, Y=7.2 days; when X=3.1℃•day, Y=6.2 days; when X=5℃•day, Y=5.2 days.

[0087] Conclusion and discussion

[0088] Through the analysis of the flowering period of golden osmanthus and the daily maximum temperature in Taizhou, Zhejiang from 2006 to 2022, the following preliminary conclusions were drawn:

[0089] (1) After midsummer, when the maximum temperature of the day drops below 25°C and the accumulated low temperature below 25°C (i.e. 25 minus the accumulated daily maximum temperature) reaches 3.1°C or above, the plant will begin to bloom after 6 days.

[0090] (2) When the daily maximum temperature is below 25°C and the accumulated low temperature value is ≤3.0°C / day, and the daily maximum temperature is above 28°C and the accumulated high temperature value above 28°C exceeds 2.3°C / day, the previous low temperature accumulated value will be cancelled and the low temperature accumulated value will need to be accumulated again.

[0091] (3) When the cumulative amount of low temperatures below 25°C reaches 2.0°C·days, and the cumulative amount of high temperatures above 28°C does not reach 2.3°C·days in the following 7 days, golden osmanthus will bloom;

[0092] (4) After the accumulated low temperature activates the buds of golden osmanthus to enter active growth, it takes an average of 6.62 days for them to bloom. The greater the accumulated low temperature, the shorter the time to flowering. The accumulated low temperature and the interval to the beginning of flowering are in a power exponential relationship;

[0093] (5) When the first flowering period of Osmanthus fragrans is less than or equal to 7 days, and the subsequent high temperature accumulation is greater than 0.9℃, it will stimulate the second flowering. Moreover, the less the low temperature accumulation before the first flowering, the greater the subsequent high temperature accumulation, and the more likely it is to have a second flowering.

[0094] The above conclusions are based on the analysis of phenological observation data in Taizhou, Zhejiang. Different osmanthus environments and varieties will result in different indicators and thresholds. The above conclusions are also the results of observations in natural environments and need further verification.

[0095] (1) Is it possible to actively achieve low temperature accumulation by changing the ambient temperature, stimulate the golden osmanthus buds to enter an active growth state, and thus artificially control the flowering time of golden osmanthus?

[0096] (2) For the second flowering of golden osmanthus, can we compress the accumulated amount of low temperature, stimulate the buds of golden osmanthus to enter an active growth state and achieve formal flowering, and then use high temperature to force the flowering to end and shorten the flowering time. Then give low temperature again to form a second or even multiple flowering. This needs to be verified in future practice and experiments.

[0097] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-restrictive in all respects, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the present invention.

[0098] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A method for predicting the flowering period of golden osmanthus by using the cooling amount required by the daily maximum temperature, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Determine the low temperature index T based on the highest temperature meteorological data from September 1 to the day before flowering in previous years. 低 , high temperature index T 高 , low temperature accumulation threshold T d1 , low temperature accumulation threshold T d2 and high temperature accumulation threshold T g1 , where T d2 > T d1 , calculate the low temperature accumulation ΣT d and high temperature accumulation ΣT g , where T d , T g Calculate according to formula (1) and (2) respectively, ΣT d and ΣT g Add them up so that they meet the following conditions: (1) (2)； Case 1: The maximum temperature of the day is lower than T 低 After that, start accumulating ΣT daily d , when the accumulated ΣT d ≥T d2 After that, ΣT d Reach T d2 The date is the starting day for stimulating flower bud differentiation, and flowering will occur after Y days; Case 2: Start accumulating ΣT d After that, if the maximum daily temperature>T 高 , start accumulating ΣT daily g , when ΣT g ≥T g1 After that, the previous ΣT d Clear, ΣT d It needs to be accumulated again to stimulate the active growth of golden osmanthus buds; Case 3: In case 2, if ΣT g <T g1 Then the previous ΣT d Not cleared, and ΣT d ≥T d1 , then ΣT d Reach T d1 The date of flowering is Y days later; Step 2: Determine T based on the daily maximum temperature meteorological data after September 1 of the current year. 低 , T 高 , T d1 , T d2 and T g1 , according to the above-mentioned situations 1, 2 and 3, after the conditions are met, the golden osmanthus buds enter the active growth period and bloom after Y days; Step 3: Calculate the low temperature accumulation ΣT based on the daily maximum temperature meteorological data after September 1 of the same year d , blooming after Y days, ΣT d The relationship with Y is: Y=9.175×ΣT d -0.35 .

2. The method for predicting the flowering period of golden osmanthus by using the cooling amount required by the daily maximum temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that: T 低 =25.0℃、T 高 =28.0℃、ΣT d1 =2.0℃·day,ΣT d2 =3.1℃·day, ΣT g1 =2.3℃·day.

3. The method for predicting the flowering period of golden osmanthus by using the cooling amount required by the daily maximum temperature according to claim 2, characterized in that: The range of Y is 3-9 days, and the average value is 6.314 days.

4. The method for predicting the flowering period of golden osmanthus by using the cooling amount required by the daily maximum temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the golden osmanthus blooms for the first time, and its flowering duration is less than or equal to 7 days, the high temperature accumulation ΣT calculated after the low temperature that stimulates the active growth of flower buds g , when ΣT g ≥0.9℃ will stimulate secondary flowering.

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