A method for controlling water content in sweet cherry trees and promoting fruit set in hot and humid regions

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of sweet cherry planting technology, and particularly relates to a method for controlling the moisture content of sweet cherry trees and promoting fruit setting in high-temperature and high-humidity areas. It includes the following steps: (1) Orchard establishment and planting: The ground is designed for easy drainage during orchard establishment, windbreaks are built around the orchard, and sweet cherry varieties requiring less than 700 hours of chilling, resistant to high temperatures, and early-maturing are selected for planting using a raised bed cultivation model; (2) Temperature and humidity control: An automatic temperature and humidity control system is installed in the cultivation greenhouse, and the temperature and humidity are adjusted according to different phenological stages; (3) Light control: Drip-free film is used in the greenhouse, a cleaning device is installed on the rolling shutter machine, supplementary lighting is installed inside the greenhouse, and reflective film is laid. In high-temperature climates, shade nets are laid on the inside and outside of the greenhouse. This invention controls the moisture content of sweet cherry trees and meets their growth needs from aspects such as orchard structure design, temperature and humidity control, light control, and growth regulation, thereby promoting fruit setting in sweet cherry trees.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of sweet cherry cultivation technology, and in particular relates to a method for controlling the water content of sweet cherry trees and promoting fruit setting in areas with high temperature and humidity. Background Technology

[0002] Sweet cherries are characterized by their short fruit development period, early ripening, vibrant color, good storage properties, and rich nutrition. They are among the earliest fruits to hit the market in my country during spring and have a very broad market prospect. Due to their high economic benefits, the cultivation area of ​​sweet cherries has grown rapidly in recent years, gradually expanding to warmer and more humid southern regions. Sweet cherries prefer dry and cool climates, with the main production areas in China being in northern regions such as Shandong and Liaoning. Southern regions such as Zhejiang and Shanghai have a subtropical monsoon climate. Sweet cherries cultivated in these areas require insufficient chilling, and the higher temperature and humidity during the reproductive growth period compared to their native habitat negatively impact flower bud differentiation and floral organ development, resulting in low fruit set and a high number of deformed fruits. In addition, under normal circumstances, the flower bud differentiation period of sweet cherries begins around the time of pit hardening and is basically completed 80-90 days after flowering. In the southern regions of Zhejiang and Shanghai, the hot and humid weather often overlaps with the temperature-sensitive period of flower bud differentiation. Under the hot and humid environment, cherry trees experience a high-temperature stress response, which leads to abnormal flower bud differentiation and a significant increase in the occurrence of twin and multi-fruited fruits. How to improve the yield and quality of sweet cherries in southern regions through cultivation and management measures has become an urgent problem to be solved.

[0003] Patent application number 202010406131.5 discloses a method for improving the fruit set rate of sweet cherries in the highlands of Southwest China. The patent includes the following steps: applying sufficient base fertilizer in autumn, pruning the orchard, manually removing leaves, spraying a diluted lime-sulfur mixture solution to disinfect the orchard, then installing support posts and covering the orchard with shade netting; thoroughly watering the orchard before the trees sprout in spring, then covering the tree basins with mulch; spraying a self-made fruit-setting agent during the peak flowering period and the early fruit set period of the sweet cherries; promptly removing the shade netting after the fruit set period; and watering and spraying with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for foliar fertilization during the fruit growth period of the sweet cherries. In addition, it is important to observe for pests and diseases and implement comprehensive control measures based on their characteristics. This patent has the following shortcomings: The fruit-setting agent does not contain diphenylurea to prolong fruit retention time, anti-drop agent to prevent fruit drop, or benzylaminopurine to protect flowers and fruits; the patent does not consider the problem of excessive growth of cherry shoots, and growth inhibitors should be sprayed appropriately. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate has a certain growth-inhibiting effect, and adding it to the growth inhibitor can not only assist paclobutrazol and chlormequat chloride in inhibiting excessive shoot growth, but also provide nutrients to cherry flowers from the new shoot growth period, promoting fruiting; the patent sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate at the beginning of the fruit growth period, at which point the impact on the fruit-setting rate is relatively small, and some flowers that have not yet borne fruit will not bear fruit even after absorbing potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Spraying should be done earlier to protect flowers and fruits in advance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for controlling the water content of sweet cherry trees and promoting fruit setting in areas with high temperature and humidity, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: a method for controlling the water content of sweet cherry trees and promoting fruit setting in high-temperature and high-humidity areas, comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) Orchard establishment and planting: When establishing the orchard, the ground should be designed with easy drainage, and windbreaks should be built around the orchard. Sweet cherry varieties that require less than 700 hours of chilling, are heat-resistant, and early-maturing should be selected and planted using the ridge cultivation model.

[0007] (2) Temperature and humidity control: Install an automatic temperature and humidity control system and a canopy spraying device in the cultivation greenhouse to adjust the temperature and humidity according to different phenological stages;

[0008] (3) Light control: Drip-free film is used in the greenhouse, a cleaning device is installed on the rolling shutter machine, supplementary lights are installed in the greenhouse and reflective film is laid. Shading nets are laid on the inside and outside of the greenhouse in high-temperature climate.

[0009] (4) Growth regulation: Spray dormancy-breaking agent 20-30 days before the tree sprouts, spray fruit-setting agent during the flowering period, spray growth inhibitor during the new shoot growth period, spray stress-resistant agent during the flower bud differentiation period, and combine with foliar nitrogen application.

[0010] Furthermore, the drainage structure in step (1) is as follows: cherry seedlings are planted in a ridge cultivation mode in the north-south direction, with a ridge height of 1-1.5m and a ridge length of 80-100m. The planting ground is high in the middle and low at both ends, and slopes from the middle to both ends at an angle of 1-1.2 degrees. There are operation roads on the north and south sides of the cherry orchard, and the terrain of the operation roads is 20cm lower than the planting ground.

[0011] Furthermore, the method for adjusting temperature and humidity according to different phenological stages in step (2) is as follows:

[0012] 1) Dormant period: Keep the temperature below 7℃, spray the dormancy-breaking agent and then uncover the curtain to raise the temperature 24 hours later, keeping it between 5℃ and 15℃;

[0013] 2) Before germination: From the start of heating to the start of germination, slowly increase the temperature, gradually raising the daytime temperature to 22±3℃ and the humidity to greater than 60%, and controlling the nighttime temperature at 7±3℃ and the humidity to greater than 90%.

[0014] 3) Budding and flowering period: Daytime temperature 17±1℃, humidity 55±5%, nighttime temperature 7±2℃, humidity 70±5%;

[0015] 4) Young fruit stage: Daytime temperature 20±2℃, humidity 45±5%, nighttime temperature 8±2℃, humidity 65±5%;

[0016] 5) Hardening period: Daytime temperature 18±2℃, humidity 45±5%, nighttime temperature 6±2℃, humidity 65±5%;

[0017] 6) Fruit expansion and flower bud differentiation period: daytime temperature 22±2℃, not exceeding 25℃, humidity controlled at 50±5%, nighttime temperature 10±2℃, humidity 65±5%.

[0018] 7) When encountering high temperatures, promptly spray the tree canopy, lay shade nets inside and outside the greenhouse, and supplement the light inside the greenhouse. When encountering continuous rainy weather, promptly use the automatic temperature and humidity control system to dehumidify, and take measures to drain water and supplement light.

[0019] Furthermore, in step (3), the cleaning device is: a bracket is welded to both ends of the roller shutter machine, and a spray pipe with several spray nozzles is welded to the bracket.

[0020] Furthermore, when using the cleaning device, water is connected to the inlet of the washing pipe, the rolling shutter machine is started to roll up the insulation curtain, and at the same time the greenhouse film is rinsed through the spray nozzles of the spray pipe to ensure the light transmittance of the greenhouse film.

[0021] Furthermore, in step (4), the growth inhibitor is: potassium dihydrogen phosphate, paclobutrazol, chlormequat chloride, and boron are mixed in a molar ratio of 22:5:9:14. When using, dilute with water 1000 times and spray. The growth inhibitor is sprayed when the new shoots grow to 25cm.

[0022] Furthermore, in step (4), the fruit-setting agent is: gibberellic acid, anti-drop agent, naphthoxyacetic acid, diphenylurea, and benzylaminopurine are mixed in a molar ratio of 30:0.2:0.15:0.9:80. When using, dilute with water 2000 times and spray. When preparing, you can use 5 times the mass of alcohol to dissolve gibberellic acid first and then mix them together.

[0023] Furthermore, the stress-resistant agent in step (4) is: calcium silicate, amino oligosaccharide and brassinolide are prepared in a mass ratio of 400:125:47, wherein the calcium silicate is a 0.4% solution, the amino oligosaccharide is a 5% solution and the brassinolide is a 0.01% solution. When using, it is diluted 180 times with water before spraying.

[0024] Furthermore, in step (1), the sweet cherry variety is either Fuchen or Luo Yaming.

[0025] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. The park is constructed using a design that is high in the middle and low at both ends, with access roads laid out on the north and south sides. These access roads are used for drainage, thus combining traffic and drainage functions without the need for drainage ditches, making drainage more convenient and efficient.

[0027] 2. Install a cleaning device on the rolling shutter machine to clean the greenhouse film during the rolling process, increasing light transmittance and eliminating the need for manual cleaning of the greenhouse film. This not only meets the light-loving growth characteristics of cherry trees but also reduces labor intensity.

[0028] 3. The easy-drainage structure is adapted to the hot and humid climate conditions in the south, and timely drainage is provided during periods of heavy rainfall to prevent waterlogging and the death of cherry trees from waterlogging, thus adapting to the growth characteristics of cherry trees that are susceptible to waterlogging.

[0029] 4. By adjusting the temperature and humidity inside the greenhouse at different phenological stages, the temperature and humidity requirements of cherry trees at different growth stages can be adapted, thereby flexibly controlling the moisture of the cherry trees and promoting fruit setting.

[0030] 5. During the flower bud differentiation period, multiple measures such as spraying stress-resistant agents, setting up shade nets, applying nitrogen to the leaves, and spraying the tree canopy can be taken to alleviate the high temperature stress response of cherry trees and ensure the normal progress of flower bud differentiation.

[0031] 6. Adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate and boron to growth inhibitors can suppress excessive growth of cherry trees while providing nutrients for flowers and promoting fruit set. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0033] A method for controlling water content in sweet cherry trees and promoting fruit set in hot and humid regions includes the following steps:

[0034] (1) Orchard establishment and planting: When establishing the orchard, the ground should adopt a drainage structure with the middle being higher and the north and south ends being lower, and the ground should be inclined from the middle to the north and south ends at an angle of 1-1.2 degrees. The operation roads should be set up on the north and south sides of the cherry orchard. The terrain of the operation roads should be 20cm lower than the planting ground. Windbreak forests should be built around the orchard. The sweet cherry varieties should be either Fuchen or Luo Yaming. The cherry seedlings should be planted in a ridge cultivation mode in the north-south direction. The ridge height is 1-1.5m and the length of each ridge is 80-100m.

[0035] (2) Temperature and humidity control: An automatic temperature and humidity control system is installed in the cultivation greenhouse to adjust the temperature and humidity according to different phenological stages.

[0036] 1) Dormant period: Keep the temperature below 7℃, spray the dormancy-breaking agent and then uncover the curtain to raise the temperature 24 hours later, keeping it between 5℃ and 15℃;

[0037] 2) Before germination: From the start of heating to the start of germination, slowly increase the temperature, gradually raising the daytime temperature to 22±3℃ and the humidity to greater than 60%, and controlling the nighttime temperature at 7±3℃ and the humidity to greater than 90%.

[0038] 3) Budding and flowering period: Daytime temperature 17±1℃, humidity 55±5%, nighttime temperature 7±2℃, humidity 70±5%;

[0039] 4) Young fruit stage: Daytime temperature 20±2℃, humidity 45±5%, nighttime temperature 8±2℃, humidity 65±5%;

[0040] 5) Hardening period: Daytime temperature 18±2℃, humidity 45±5%, nighttime temperature 6±2℃, humidity 65±5%;

[0041] 6) Fruit expansion and flower bud differentiation period: daytime temperature 22±2℃, not exceeding 25℃, humidity controlled at 50±5%, nighttime temperature 10±2℃, humidity 65±5%.

[0042] 7) When encountering high temperatures, promptly spray the tree canopy, lay shade nets inside and outside the greenhouse, and supplement the light inside the greenhouse. When encountering continuous rainy weather, promptly use the automatic temperature and humidity control system to dehumidify, and take measures to drain water and supplement light.

[0043] (3) Light control: Drip-free film is used in the greenhouse. Supports are welded to both ends of the rolling shutter machine, and water pipes with several spray nozzles are tied to the support. When cleaning the greenhouse film, simply start the rolling shutter machine to roll up the insulation curtain, and at the same time rinse the greenhouse film through the spray nozzles of the water pipes to ensure the light transmittance of the greenhouse film. Supplemental lighting is used in rainy weather to ensure that the cherry seedlings receive sufficient light. Reflective film is also laid to increase the supplemental lighting effect. Shading nets are laid inside and outside the greenhouse in high-temperature climates to prevent the temperature from getting too high.

[0044] (4) Growth regulation: Spray a dormancy-breaking agent 20-30 days before seedling budding, and a fruit-setting agent during flowering. The fruit-setting agent is a mixture of gibberellic acid, anti-drop agent, naphthoxyacetic acid, diphenylurea, and benzylaminopurine in a molar ratio of 30:0.2:0.15:0.9:80. Dilute with water 2000 times before spraying. When preparing the mixture, you can dissolve the gibberellic acid in 5 times its weight of alcohol before mixing. Spray a growth inhibitor during the new shoot growth period. The growth inhibitor is a mixture of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, paclobutrazol, chlormequat chloride, and boron in a molar ratio of 30:0.2:0.15:0.9:80. Mix the ingredients in a ratio of 22:5:9:14 and dilute with water 1000 times before spraying. Apply growth inhibitors when new shoots reach 25cm in length. Apply stress-resistant agents during flower bud differentiation. These agents consist of calcium silicate, amino oligosaccharides, and brassinolide in a mass ratio of 400:125:47, with calcium silicate at a concentration of 0.4%, amino oligosaccharides at a concentration of 5%, and brassinolide at a concentration of 0.01%. Dilute with water 180 times before spraying and combine with foliar nitrogen application.

[0045] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the concept and scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0046] The technologies, shapes, and structures not described in detail in this invention are all known technologies.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the water content of sweet cherry trees and promoting fruit set in high-temperature and high-humidity areas, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Orchard establishment and planting: When establishing the orchard, the ground should be designed with easy drainage, and windbreaks should be built around the orchard. Sweet cherry varieties that require less than 700 hours of chilling, are heat-resistant, and early-maturing should be selected and planted using the ridge cultivation model. (2) Temperature and humidity control: Install an automatic temperature and humidity control system and a canopy spraying device in the cultivation greenhouse to adjust the temperature and humidity according to different phenological stages; (3) Light control: Drip-free film is used in the greenhouse, a cleaning device is installed on the rolling shutter machine, supplementary lights are installed in the greenhouse and reflective film is laid. Shading nets are laid on the inside and outside of the greenhouse in high-temperature climate. (4) Growth regulation: Spray dormancy-breaking agent 20-30 days before the tree sprouts, spray fruit-setting agent during the flowering period, spray growth inhibitor during the new shoot growth period, spray stress-resistant agent during the flower bud differentiation period, and use it in conjunction with foliar nitrogen application. The method for adjusting temperature and humidity according to different phenological stages in step (2) is as follows: 1) Dormant period: Keep the temperature below 7℃, spray the dormancy-breaking agent and then uncover the curtain to raise the temperature 24 hours later, keeping the temperature between 5℃ and 15℃; 2) Before germination: From the start of temperature increase to the start of germination, the temperature should be increased slowly, gradually raising the daytime temperature to 22±3℃ and the humidity to greater than 60%, while controlling the nighttime temperature at 7±3℃ and the humidity to greater than 90%. 3) Budding and flowering period: Daytime temperature 17±1℃, humidity 55±5%, nighttime temperature 7±2℃, humidity 70±5%; 4) Young fruit stage: Daytime temperature 20±2℃, humidity 45±5%, nighttime temperature 8±2℃, humidity 65±5%; 5) Hard core period: Daytime temperature 18±2℃, humidity 45±5%, nighttime temperature 6±2℃, humidity 65±5%; 6) Fruit expansion and flower bud differentiation period: Daytime temperature 22±2℃, not exceeding 25℃, humidity controlled at 50±5%; Nighttime temperature 10±2℃, humidity 65±5%; 7) When encountering high temperatures, promptly spray the tree canopy, lay shade nets inside and outside the greenhouse, and supplement the light inside the greenhouse in a timely manner. When encountering continuous rainy weather, promptly use the automatic temperature and humidity control system to dehumidify, and take measures to drain water and supplement light. The growth inhibitor in step (4) is: potassium dihydrogen phosphate, paclobutrazol, chlormequat chloride and boron are mixed in a molar ratio of 22:5:9:

14. When using, dilute with water 1000 times and spray. The growth inhibitor is sprayed when the new shoots grow to 25cm. The fruit-setting agent in step (4) is: gibberellic acid, anti-drop agent, naphthoxyacetic acid, diphenylurea, and benzylaminopurine are mixed in a molar ratio of 30:0.2:0.15:0.9:

80. When using, dilute with water 2000 times and spray. When preparing, use 5 times the mass of alcohol to dissolve gibberellic acid first and then mix and prepare. The stress-resistant agent in step (4) is: calcium silicate, amino oligosaccharide and brassinolide are prepared in a mass ratio of 400:125:47, wherein the calcium silicate is a 0.4% solution, the amino oligosaccharide is a 5% solution and the brassinolide is a 0.01% solution. When using, it is diluted 180 times with water before spraying.

2. The method for controlling water content in sweet cherry trees and promoting fruit setting in high-temperature and high-humidity areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drainage structure in step (1) is as follows: cherry seedlings are planted in a ridge cultivation mode in the north-south direction, with a ridge height of 1-1.5m and a ridge length of 80-100m. The planting ground is high in the middle and low at both ends, and slopes from the middle to both ends at an angle of 1-1.2 degrees. There are operation roads on the north and south sides of the cherry orchard, and the terrain of the operation roads is 20cm lower than the planting ground.

3. The method for controlling water content in sweet cherry trees and promoting fruit set in high-temperature and high-humidity areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cleaning device in step (3) is: a bracket is welded to both ends of the roller shutter machine, and a spray pipe with several spray nozzles is welded to the bracket.

4. The method for controlling water content in sweet cherry trees and promoting fruit setting in high-temperature and high-humidity areas according to claim 3, characterized in that, When using the cleaning device, water is connected to the inlet of the rinsing pipe, the rolling shutter machine is started to roll up the insulation curtain, and at the same time the greenhouse film is rinsed through the spray nozzles of the spray pipe to ensure the light transmittance of the greenhouse film.

5. The method for controlling water content in sweet cherry trees and promoting fruit setting in high-temperature and high-humidity areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the sweet cherry variety can be either Fuchen or Luo Yaming.