Antennas and network equipment

Abstract

This application provides an antenna and a network device. The antenna provided in this application includes a first-band antenna, a second-band antenna, a dielectric substrate, and a first ground plane. The first-band antenna has a first operating frequency band, and the second-band antenna has a second operating frequency band. The first operating frequency band is lower than the second operating frequency band. The first-band antenna and the second-band antenna are fixed to the dielectric substrate. There is a first gap between the first-band antenna and the first ground plane, and there is a second gap between the second-band antenna and the second ground plane. The first gap and the second gap are equal, or the difference between the first gap and the second gap is small, that is, the first-band antenna and the second-band antenna adopt a common profile design. In this application, the antennas of different operating frequency bands adopt a common profile design, so that the radiation patterns of the antennas of different operating frequency bands have good conformal characteristics, thereby improving the communication coverage of the antenna and the network device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and more particularly to an antenna and network device. Background Technology

[0002] In existing technologies, base station antennas typically need to cover multiple communication frequency bands, thereby effectively saving base station site space and improving the communication coverage and density of the base station. However, when antennas of different frequency bands are placed close to each other, the antenna on the upper side will block the antenna on the lower side, resulting in distortion of the antenna pattern on the lower side and a decrease in the coverage capability of the base station. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides an antenna and a network device. The antenna provided by this application includes multiple antennas with different operating frequency bands, and the radiation patterns of the antennas in different operating frequency bands all have good conformal characteristics, thereby improving the communication coverage of the antenna and the network device.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides an antenna. The antenna provided by this application includes: a first frequency band antenna, a second frequency band antenna, a dielectric substrate, and a first ground plane. The first frequency band antenna has a first operating frequency band, and the second frequency band antenna has a second operating frequency band. The first operating frequency band is less than the second operating frequency band. The first frequency band antenna and the second frequency band antenna are fixed to the dielectric substrate. The first ground plane is spaced apart from and stacked with the dielectric substrate. The dielectric substrate is located on the upper side of the first ground plane. There is a first gap between the first frequency band antenna and the first ground plane, and there is a second gap between the second frequency band antenna and the second ground plane. The first gap and the second gap are equal or there is a difference between the first gap and the second gap, and the difference is less than or equal to 3 mm.

[0005] In this application, the first spacing and the second spacing are equal or there is a difference between the first spacing and the second spacing, and the difference is less than or equal to 3 mm. That is, the first frequency band antenna and the second frequency band antenna adopt a common profile design, which can avoid the first frequency band antenna from blocking the radiation of the second frequency band antenna along the tilt angle direction, thereby enabling the radiation pattern of the second frequency band antenna to have good conformal characteristics and improve the communication coverage of the antenna.

[0006] In some implementations, the antenna further includes a third-band antenna and a first ground plane. The third-band antenna has a third operating frequency band, and the second operating frequency band is smaller than the third operating frequency band. The first ground plane is spaced apart from and stacked with the dielectric substrate. The dielectric substrate is located on the upper side of the first ground plane, and the third-band antenna is located on the lower side of the first ground plane. The projections of the first-band antenna and the second-band antenna on the first ground plane are located in the projection area, and the projection of the third-band antenna on the first ground plane overlaps with the projection area. The first ground plane is used to reflect electromagnetic waves with the first and second operating frequencies and to allow electromagnetic waves with the third operating frequency band to be transmitted.

[0007] In this implementation, the projection of the third-band antenna on the first floor overlaps with the projection area, thereby reducing the space occupied by the third-band antenna and increasing the number of third-band antennas, thus improving the capacity and radiation communication coverage of the third-band antenna.

[0008] In addition, the first floor is used to reflect electromagnetic waves with the first and second operating frequency bands and allow electromagnetic waves with the third operating frequency band to be transmitted. This ensures the upward radiation performance of the first and second frequency band antennas while avoiding the first floor from blocking the third frequency band antenna and reducing the influence of the first floor on the radiation pattern of the third frequency band antenna, thus giving the third frequency band antenna better radiation performance.

[0009] In some implementations, the projection of the third-band antenna onto the first floor falls into the projection area.

[0010] In this implementation, the projection of the third-band antenna on the first floor falls into the projection area, thereby further reducing the space occupied by the third-band antenna, increasing the number of third-band antennas, and also reducing the windward area of ​​the antenna.

[0011] In some implementations, the first operating frequency band is in the range of 690MHz to 960MHz, the second operating frequency band is in the range of 1710MHz to 2170MHz, and the third operating frequency band is in the range of 3300MHz to 3600MHz.

[0012] In this implementation, different operating frequency bands can achieve different communication functions through different communication technologies, thereby broadening the antenna's communication capabilities. In other implementations, the first, second, and third operating frequency bands can also have other frequency ranges. For example, the third operating frequency band can be less than 1 GHz, such as 0.8 GHz or 0.75 GHz; the first operating frequency band can be greater than 1 GHz, such as 1.6 GHz or 2 GHz. This application does not limit this, as long as the third operating frequency band is greater than the first operating frequency band.

[0013] In some implementations, the first floor includes a first frequency selection surface, which can be a bandpass frequency selection surface.

[0014] In this implementation, the bandpass frequency selective surface has bandpass filtering characteristics that allow high-frequency electromagnetic waves to pass through and reflect low-frequency electromagnetic waves.

[0015] In some implementations, the antenna also includes multiple shorting elements, which are fixed to the first ground plane and arranged around the first frequency band antenna.

[0016] Optionally, the short-circuit element includes multiple parallel and spaced-apart metal elements.

[0017] Optionally, the metal component is perpendicular to the first ground plane. It is readily understood that the short-circuit component can also be implemented in other ways, and this application is not limited thereto.

[0018] In this implementation, the short-circuit element is used to generate an induced current under the excitation of electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna, and the direction of the induced current is perpendicular to the plane containing the first ground plane. The induced electric field generated by the induced current can couple with the radiation field of the first frequency band antenna, thereby improving the radiation pattern of the first frequency band antenna. In addition, the short-circuit element also allows the transmission of electromagnetic waves with a third operating frequency band, thereby ensuring the radiation performance of the first frequency band antenna while reducing the obstruction of the third frequency band antenna, thus reducing the impact on the radiation pattern of the third frequency band antenna and enabling the radiation pattern of the third frequency band antenna to have good conformal characteristics.

[0019] In addition, the metal component is perpendicular to the first floor to generate an induced current in a direction perpendicular to the plane containing the first floor.

[0020] In some implementations, the first frequency band antenna is provided with a first decoupling gap, and the first frequency band antenna generates an induced current in the opposite direction around the first decoupling gap under the excitation of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the third frequency band antenna.

[0021] In this implementation, the first frequency band antenna generates induced currents in opposite directions around the first decoupling gap under the excitation of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the third frequency band antenna. The induced currents in opposite directions generate induced electric fields, which are radiated and canceled out in the far field, thereby enabling the radiation pattern of the third frequency band antenna to have good conformal characteristics.

[0022] In some implementations, the first decoupling gap has a symmetrical structure and is symmetrically distributed relative to the extension direction of the first frequency band antenna.

[0023] In this implementation, the first decoupling gap has a symmetrical structure and is symmetrically distributed relative to the extension direction of the first frequency band antenna, so that the first frequency band antenna generates an induced current in the opposite direction around the first decoupling gap under the excitation of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the third frequency band antenna.

[0024] In some implementations, there are multiple first decoupling gaps, which are spaced apart and arranged periodically. Each first decoupling gap has an opening end and a closing end, with the opening end of each first decoupling gap facing the closing end of another first decoupling gap, and the closing end of each first decoupling gap facing the opening end of another first decoupling gap.

[0025] In this implementation, the openings of the multiple first decoupling slots are arranged in the same direction along the circumferential direction of the first frequency band antenna, for example, the openings of the multiple first decoupling slots are arranged in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction along the circumferential direction of the first frequency band antenna.

[0026] In some implementations, the first decoupling gap adopts a "U" or "M" shaped structure.

[0027] In some implementations, the first frequency band antenna is a ring structure. The first frequency band antenna also includes multiple gaps and multiple radiating structures. The multiple gaps divide the ring structure into multiple metal segments. The multiple radiating structures and the ring structure are located on both sides of the dielectric substrate, and the multiple radiating structures and the multiple gaps are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0028] In this implementation, multiple gaps divide the ring structure of the first frequency band antenna into multiple metal segments to change the length of the first frequency band antenna, thereby adjusting the radiation frequency of the first frequency band antenna.

[0029] Furthermore, a parallel capacitor can be formed between the radiating structure and the gap, which is used to adjust the capacitance and inductance of the first frequency band antenna so that the first frequency band antenna can achieve impedance matching.

[0030] In some implementations, the radiating structure is provided with a second decoupling gap, and the projections of the second decoupling gap and the first decoupling gap on the dielectric substrate coincide.

[0031] In this implementation, the radiating structure generates induced currents in opposite directions around the second decoupling gap under the excitation of electromagnetic waves emitted by the third-band antenna. The induced currents in opposite directions generate induced electric fields, which are radiated and canceled out in the far field, thereby enabling the radiation pattern of the third-band antenna to have good conformal characteristics.

[0032] In some implementations, the second-band antenna is provided with a third decoupling gap, and the second-band antenna generates an induced current in the opposite direction around the third decoupling gap under the excitation of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the third-band antenna.

[0033] In this implementation, the second-band antenna generates induced currents in opposite directions around the third decoupling gap under the excitation of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the third-band antenna. The induced currents in opposite directions generate induced electric fields, which radiate and cancel each other in the far field, thereby enabling the radiation pattern of the third-band antenna to have good conformal characteristics.

[0034] In some implementations, the third decoupling gap has a symmetrical structure and is symmetrically distributed relative to the extension direction of the second frequency band antenna.

[0035] In this implementation, the third decoupling gap has a symmetrical structure and is symmetrically distributed relative to the extension direction of the second frequency band antenna, so that the second frequency band antenna generates an induced current in the opposite direction around the third decoupling gap under the excitation of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the third frequency band antenna.

[0036] In some implementations, the second-band antenna includes two first radiators arranged in a cross configuration, with the included angle between the two first radiators being 90 degrees.

[0037] In this implementation, the angle between the two first radiators can be less than 90 degrees, such as 60 degrees, 75 degrees, etc.; the angle between the two first radiators can also be greater than 90 degrees, such as 120 degrees, 135 degrees, etc.

[0038] In some implementations, the antenna also includes a directional radiator located on the upper side of the dielectric substrate, and the directional radiator is configured corresponding to the second-band antenna.

[0039] In this implementation, the radiating element can be used to narrow the radiation beam of the second-band antenna and improve the directivity of the second-band antenna.

[0040] In some implementations, the radiator includes two intersecting second radiators, with each second radiator corresponding to one of the two first radiators.

[0041] In this implementation, the radiating element is able to narrow the radiation beam of the second-band antenna.

[0042] In some implementations, the radiator is provided with a fourth decoupling gap, which has the same structure as the third decoupling gap and is set accordingly.

[0043] In this implementation, the radiating body generates induced currents in opposite directions around the fourth decoupling gap under the excitation of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the third-band antenna. The induced currents in opposite directions generate induced electric fields, which are radiated and canceled out in the far field, thereby enabling the radiation pattern of the third-band antenna to have good conformal characteristics.

[0044] In some implementations, the antenna further includes a first feed element and a second feed element, which are located between the dielectric substrate and the first ground plane. In this implementation, the first feed element is used to transmit radio frequency signals to the first frequency band antenna, and the second feed element is used to transmit radio frequency signals to the second frequency band antenna.

[0045] In some implementations, there are four first feed elements, which are divided into two groups of feed structures arranged opposite each other. The antenna also includes two feed networks, which feed the two groups of feed structures respectively.

[0046] In this implementation, two feeding networks are used to feed the two sets of feeding structures respectively, enabling the first frequency band antenna to achieve dual polarization. The dual-polarized antenna can operate simultaneously in transmit / receive full-duplex mode, thereby effectively saving the number of antennas required for a single base station.

[0047] In some implementations, the first power supply component adopts a "T"-shaped metal power supply structure.

[0048] In this implementation, the upper end of the "T"-shaped metal feed structure is spaced apart from the first frequency band antenna. The first feed component transmits radio frequency signals to the first frequency band antenna through coupling feed. The upper end of the "T"-shaped metal feed structure has a large area and high feed efficiency.

[0049] In some implementations, the second power supply element uses an impedance transmission line.

[0050] In this implementation, the second feed element transmits radio frequency signals to the second-band antenna via direct feeding. The impedance transmission line can be a coaxial line. A coaxial line is a broadband microwave transmission line consisting of two coaxial cylindrical conductors, with air or a high-frequency dielectric filled between the inner and outer conductors. The outer conductor of the coaxial line is grounded, and the electromagnetic field is confined between the inner and outer conductors, resulting in virtually no radiation loss and almost no interference from external signals.

[0051] Secondly, this application also provides an antenna. The antenna provided by this application includes a first frequency band antenna, a second frequency band antenna, a third frequency band antenna, and a first ground plane. The first frequency band antenna has a first operating frequency band, the second frequency band antenna has a second operating frequency band, and the third frequency band antenna has a third operating frequency band. The first operating frequency band is less than the second operating frequency band, and the second operating frequency band is less than the third operating frequency band. The first frequency band antenna and the second frequency band antenna are located above the first ground plane, and the third frequency band antenna is located below the first ground plane. The projections of the first frequency band antenna and the second frequency band antenna on the first ground plane are located in a projection area, and the projection of the third frequency band antenna on the first ground plane overlaps with the projection area. The first ground plane is used to reflect electromagnetic waves having the first and second operating frequency bands and to allow electromagnetic waves having the third operating frequency band to transmit.

[0052] The antenna provided in this application includes multiple antennas with different operating frequency bands, and the radiation patterns of the antennas with different operating frequency bands all have good conformal characteristics, thereby improving the communication coverage of the antenna.

[0053] In addition, the projection of the third-band antenna on the first floor overlaps with the projection area, thereby reducing the space occupied by the third-band antenna, increasing the number of third-band antennas, improving the capacity and radiation communication coverage of the third-band antenna, and also reducing the windward area of ​​the antenna.

[0054] Furthermore, the first ground plane is used to reflect electromagnetic waves with the first and second operating frequency bands and to allow electromagnetic waves with the third operating frequency band to be transmitted. This ensures the upward radiation performance of the first and second frequency band antennas while preventing the first ground plane from blocking the third frequency band antenna and reducing the influence of the first ground plane on the radiation pattern of the third frequency band antenna, thus giving the third frequency band antenna better radiation performance.

[0055] Thirdly, this application also provides a network device. The base station provided by this application includes multiple antennas with different operating frequency bands, and the radiation patterns of the antennas with different operating frequency bands all have good conformal characteristics, thereby improving the communication coverage of the antennas and network device. Attached Figure Description

[0056] Figure 1 This is a schematic projection of an antenna provided in this application in some embodiments;

[0057] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of the antenna at another angle;

[0058] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of part of the antenna structure shown from another angle;

[0059] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the second frequency selection surface of the short-circuit device shown;

[0060] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the projection of the first and second frequency band antennas onto the plane of the dielectric substrate;

[0061] Figure 6A yes Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the radiation direction of the second frequency band antenna is shown.

[0062] Figure 6B yes Figure 2 Internal schematic diagram of the structure shown;

[0063] Figure 7A yes Figure 5 The diagram shows the structure of the first-band antenna and the second-band antenna in some other embodiments;

[0064] Figure 7B yes Figure 5 The diagram shows the structure of the first-band antenna and the second-band antenna in some other embodiments;

[0065] Figure 7C yes Figure 5The diagram shows the structure of the first-band antenna and the second-band antenna in some embodiments.

[0066] Figure 8 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of the first-band antenna in some embodiments;

[0067] Figure 9 It is the electromagnetic waves emitted by the third-band antenna. Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the distribution of induced current generated on a portion of the structure of the first frequency band antenna.

[0068] Figure 10 yes Figure 8 The diagram shows the structure of the first frequency band antenna from another angle;

[0069] Figure 11 yes Figure 1 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of part of the antenna structure shown.

[0070] Figure 12 yes Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the radial structure shown;

[0071] Figure 13 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of part of the antenna structure shown from another angle;

[0072] Figure 14 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of the third-band antenna and the second ground plane from another angle.

[0073] Figure 15A yes Figure 1 S-parameter diagram of the first frequency band antenna;

[0074] Figure 15B yes Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the first frequency band antenna. Detailed Implementation

[0075] The embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more.

[0076] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a projected schematic diagram of an antenna 100 provided in this application in some embodiments.

[0077] In some embodiments, the antenna 100 provided in this application can be applied to network devices. Network devices can be physical entities connected to a network. Network devices may include servers, repeaters, bridges, routers, gateways, firewalls, switches, base stations, etc., and are interconnected to transmit signals. This application uses a base station as an example for illustration.

[0078] A base station, also known as a public mobile communication base station, is a radio transceiver station that transmits and receives information between a mobile communication switching center and terminals such as mobile phones within a certain radio coverage area. Antenna 100 can be installed on the top of the base station for transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals.

[0079] The antenna 100 provided in this application may include multiple antennas with different operating frequency bands, and the antennas of different frequency bands can work independently. The antenna 100 covers multiple communication frequency bands at the same time, which can effectively save base station site and improve the communication coverage and density of the base station.

[0080] Please refer to the following: Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of antenna 100 at another angle. Figure 2 The view shown is directed toward the side of the antenna 100. Exemplarily, the antenna 100 may include a first-band antenna 1, a second-band antenna 2, a third-band antenna 3, a dielectric substrate 4, and a first ground plane 5. Optionally, the antenna 100 may also include a short-circuit element 6, a first feed element 7, a second feed element 8, a second ground plane 9, and one or more components of the radiator 21. The dielectric substrate 4 and the first ground plane 5 are spaced apart and stacked, with the dielectric substrate 4 located above the first ground plane 5; the second ground plane 9 is spaced apart and stacked with the first ground plane 5, and located below the first ground plane 5. It is understood that the directional terms mentioned in the embodiments of this application, such as "upper side" and "lower side," are only for reference to the accompanying drawings. Therefore, the directional terms used are for better and clearer explanation and understanding of the embodiments of this application, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application. For example, the antenna 100 can be suspended on the rod-shaped structure. In this embodiment, the antenna 100 can be arranged parallel to the extension direction of the rod-shaped structure. The dielectric substrate 4 can be located on the side of the first ground plane 5 away from the rod-shaped structure, for example, the dielectric substrate 4 can be located on the right side of the first ground plane 5. Correspondingly, the first frequency band antenna 1 and the second frequency band antenna 2 are located on the right side of the third frequency band antenna 3. The directional terms mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be adapted to changes in the application environment and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of this application.

[0081] In this embodiment, the first frequency band antenna 1 has a first operating frequency band, the second frequency band antenna 2 has a second operating frequency band, and the third frequency band antenna 3 has a third operating frequency band. Understandably, the first frequency band antenna 1 operating in the first operating frequency band means that the first frequency band antenna 1 operates in the first operating frequency band; the second frequency band antenna 2 operating in the second operating frequency band means that the second frequency band antenna 2 operates in the second operating frequency band; and the third frequency band antenna 3 operating in the third operating frequency band means that the third frequency band antenna 3 operates in the third operating frequency band. The first operating frequency band is less than the second operating frequency band, and the second operating frequency band is less than the third operating frequency band. The frequency ranges of the first, second, and third operating frequency bands do not overlap. In some other embodiments, the frequency range of the first and second operating frequency bands may overlap with the frequency range of the second and / or the frequency range of the second and third operating frequency bands; this application does not limit this. Understandably, in this application, the first frequency band antenna 1, the second frequency band antenna 2 and the third frequency band antenna 3 mainly refer to radiators, which can also be called vibrators or antenna vibrators, and are capable of effectively radiating or receiving radio frequency signals.

[0082] For example, the first operating frequency band can be in the range of 690MHz to 960MHz, the second operating frequency band can be in the range of 1710MHz to 2170MHz, and the third operating frequency band can be in the range of 3300MHz to 3600MHz. The third operating frequency band belongs to the C-band (according to the IEEE 501-2002 standard, "C-band" refers to a radio wave band with frequencies in the range of 3GHz to 8GHz). Understandably, the third operating frequency band can also be in a range greater than 8GHz. Different operating frequency bands can achieve different communication functions through different communication technologies to broaden the communication capabilities of antenna 100. In some other embodiments, the first, second, and third operating frequency bands can also have other frequency ranges. For example, the third operating frequency band can be less than 1GHz, such as 0.8GHz, 0.75GHz, etc.; the first operating frequency band can also be greater than 1GHz, such as 1.6GHz, 2GHz, etc. This application does not limit this, as long as the third operating frequency band is greater than the first operating frequency band.

[0083] For example, the first frequency band antenna 1 and the second frequency band antenna 2 are fixed to the dielectric substrate 4, that is, the first frequency band antenna 1 and the second frequency band antenna 2 are located on the upper side of the first ground plane 5, and the third frequency band antenna 3 is located between the first ground plane 5 and the second ground plane 9 and fixed to the second ground plane 9, that is, the third frequency band antenna 3 is located on the lower side of the first ground plane 5. Figure 1 As shown, the first frequency band antenna 1, the second frequency band antenna 2, the third frequency band antenna 3, and the dielectric substrate 4 are projected onto the plane where the first ground plane 5 is located. The third frequency band antenna 3 is obstructed by the dielectric substrate 4 and is therefore represented by a dashed line.

[0084] For example, a high-frequency antenna active module (not shown) may also be provided on the side of the second floor 9 facing away from the third-band antenna 3. The active module can be used to convert between electromagnetic waves and electrical signals, and can perform functions such as noise reduction and filtering of electromagnetic waves. In this application, the active module is close to the third-band antenna 3, which can reduce the transmission distance between the active module and the third-band antenna 3, thereby reducing transmission loss and improving the radiation performance of the third-band antenna 3. In addition, equipping the third-band antenna 3 with an active module can reduce the transmission distance between the third-band antenna 3 and other external devices, and reduce transmission loss.

[0085] In this embodiment, the projections of the first-band antenna 1 and the second-band antenna 2 onto the first floor 5 are located within the projection area, and the projection of the third-band antenna 3 onto the first floor 5 overlaps with the projection area. This reduces the space occupied by the third-band antenna 3, thereby reducing the volume of the antenna 100 and minimizing its windward area, thus meeting the size requirements of the antenna 100. It also increases the number of third-band antennas 3, improving their capacity and radiation communication coverage. In this application, the continuous planar area formed by connecting the outer contours of the projections of the first-band antenna 1 and the second-band antenna 2 onto the first floor 5 is the projection area. In other embodiments, the projection of the third-band antenna 3 onto the first floor 5 may also fall within the projection area to further reduce the space occupied by the third-band antenna 3, increase the number of third-band antennas 3, and reduce the windward area of ​​the antenna. This application does not limit this specific embodiment.

[0086] For example, antenna 100 may also exclude the first frequency band antenna 1 or the second frequency band antenna 2, and this application does not limit this.

[0087] Understandably, in this application, as Figure 1As shown, the third-band antenna 3 can be located in the middle of the first-band antenna 1. For example, the third-band antenna 3 can also be coaxially arranged with the first-band antenna 1, and / or the third-band antenna 3 can also be coaxially arranged with the second-band antenna 2. This application does not limit this. Understandably, if the geometric center of the projection area of ​​the first-band antenna 1 coincides with the geometric center of the projection area of ​​the third-band antenna 3, it can be considered that the first-band antenna 1 and the third-band antenna 3 are coaxially arranged; if the geometric center of the projection area of ​​the first-band antenna 1 and the geometric center of the projection area of ​​the third-band antenna 3 are slightly offset, it can also be considered that the first-band antenna 1 and the third-band antenna 3 are coaxially arranged. If the geometric center of the projection area of ​​the third-band antenna 3 coincides with the geometric center of the projection area of ​​the second-band antenna 2, it can be considered that the third-band antenna 3 and the second-band antenna 2 are coaxially arranged; if the geometric center of the projection area of ​​the third-band antenna 3 is slightly offset from the geometric center of the projection area of ​​the second-band antenna 2, it can also be considered that the third-band antenna 3 and the second-band antenna 2 are coaxially arranged.

[0088] The radiating elements 21 are spaced apart on the upper side of the dielectric substrate 4 and are correspondingly arranged with respect to the second-band antenna 2. The radiating elements 21 can be used to narrow the radiation beam of the second-band antenna 2 and improve its directivity. Understandably, as... Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 The supporting device between the radiator 21, the dielectric substrate 4, the first ground plane 5, and the second ground plane 9 is not shown in the diagram. In practical applications, the supporting structure can be a dielectric column or similar structure, and this application does not limit this, as long as it can provide support.

[0089] The first feed element 7 and the second feed element 8 are located between the dielectric substrate 4 and the first ground plane 5. The first feed element 7 and the second feed element 8 can be used to transmit radio frequency (RF) signals to the radiating element of the antenna 100, and radiate the RF signals through the radiating element for reception by terminal devices such as mobile phones; the antenna 100 can also receive RF signals and transmit the received RF signals to the processor through the first feed element 7 and the second feed element 8, thus realizing signal transmission. The first feed element 7 can be used to transmit RF signals to the first frequency band antenna 1. The first feed element 7 can be spaced apart from the first frequency band antenna 1, and signal transmission can be achieved through coupled feeding. In some other embodiments, the first feed element 7 can also be in contact with the first frequency band antenna 1, and signal transmission can be achieved through direct feeding; this application does not limit this. The second feed element 8 can be used to transmit RF signals to the second frequency band antenna 2. The second feed element 8 can be in contact with the second frequency band antenna 2, and signal transmission can be achieved through direct feeding. In some other embodiments, the second feed element 8 may also be arranged at a distance from the second frequency band antenna 2, and signal transmission may be achieved through coupled feeding. This application does not limit this.

[0090] Please refer to the following: Figure 2 and Figure 3 , Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of part of the structure of the antenna 100 shown from another angle. Figure 3 The diagram shows the structure of the first frequency band antenna 1, dielectric substrate 4, first feed element 7, short-circuit element 6, and first ground plane 5.

[0091] For example, the number of first feed elements 7 can be multiple, such as four. The four first feed elements 7 can be configured one-to-one with the four metal segments. The first feed elements 7 can adopt a "T"-shaped metal feed structure, in which case the first feed elements 7 transmit radio frequency signals to the first frequency band antenna through coupling feeding. The upper end of the "T"-shaped metal feed structure is spaced apart from the first frequency band antenna 1, and the first feed elements 7 transmit radio frequency signals to the first frequency band antenna 1 through coupling feeding. Furthermore, the upper end of the "T"-shaped metal feed structure has a large area, resulting in high feeding efficiency. In other embodiments, the first feed elements 7 can also adopt other structures, which are not limited in this application.

[0092] For example, antenna 100 may further include two feed networks (701, 702). The feed networks (701, 702) can be composed of metal traces printed on the surface of the first ground plane 5, used for transmitting signals to the radiating elements and for achieving amplitude and phase distribution of radio frequency signals between the radiating elements. In this application, the four first feed elements 7 can be divided into two groups of feed structures arranged opposite each other. The two feed networks are used to feed the two groups of feed structures respectively, so that the first frequency band antenna 1 achieves dual polarization. The dual-polarized antenna can operate simultaneously in transmit / receive full-duplex mode, thereby effectively saving the number of antennas in a single base station.

[0093] For example, the four first feeding components 7 may include a first feeding structure 71, a second feeding structure 72, a third feeding structure 73, and a fourth feeding structure 74. The first feeding structure 71 and the third feeding structure 73 are arranged opposite each other to form a first group of feeding structures; the second feeding structure 72 and the fourth feeding structure 74 are arranged opposite each other to form a second group of feeding structures. Feeding network 701 feeds the first feeding structure 71 and the third feeding structure 73, and feeding network 702 feeds the second feeding structure 72 and the fourth feeding structure 74. That is, feeding network 701 feeds the first group of feeding structures, and feeding network 702 feeds the second group of feeding structures. For example, the first frequency band antenna 1 can achieve dual polarization of ±45° or ±90°; this application does not limit this.

[0094] The first ground plane 5 reflects electromagnetic waves with the first and second operating frequency bands while allowing electromagnetic waves with the third operating frequency band to pass through. This ensures the upward radiation performance of the first and second frequency band antennas 1 and 2 while preventing the first ground plane 5 from obstructing the third frequency band antenna 3 and reducing its influence on the radiation pattern of the third frequency band antenna 3, thus giving the third frequency band antenna 3 better radiation performance. The second ground plane 9, which can be a metal plate, reflects the downward-radiated electromagnetic waves from the third frequency band antenna 3, enhancing its ability to radiate signals upwards. It also blocks and shields signals from interference from other electromagnetic waves originating from the side opposite the radiating element.

[0095] For example, the first floor 5 may further include a first substrate 50 and a first frequency selective surface 51. The first frequency selective surface 51 is fixed to the first substrate 50. The first substrate 50 may be made of a dielectric material with a certain mechanical strength, serving to support the first frequency selective surface 51. For example, the first frequency selective surface 51 may be a bandpass frequency selective surface, having bandpass filtering characteristics that allow high-frequency electromagnetic waves to pass through and reflect low-frequency electromagnetic waves.

[0096] For example, the first frequency selection surface 51 is a metal patch structure, which can be formed by printing metal paste on the first substrate 50. In some other embodiments, the first frequency selection surface 51 can also be formed by periodically opening slots and / or holes in a metal plate, which is not limited in this application. The first frequency selection surface 51 may include a metal part 511 disposed on the surface of the first substrate 50 and periodically arranged structural units 512. The structural unit 512 includes a U-shaped slot disposed on the metal part 511 and a square metal sheet located in the slot. The structural unit 512 is used to form inductance and capacitance on the metal part 511, thereby enabling coupling with electromagnetic waves of different frequency bands and playing a filtering role. The shape of the structural unit 512 will affect the inductance and capacitance of the first frequency selection surface 51 and the connection method of the inductance and capacitance, thereby affecting the frequency of electromagnetic waves allowed to pass through the first frequency selection surface 51 and the frequency of reflected electromagnetic waves.

[0097] In some other embodiments, the gaps in the structural unit 512 may also have annular or "H" shaped structures. Understandably, the shape of the structural unit 512 can be designed according to the frequency of the electromagnetic waves that are allowed to pass through and the frequency of the electromagnetic waves that are reflected, in order to obtain different filtering characteristics. This application does not limit this.

[0098] The dielectric substrate 4 supports various components and enables electrical connections or insulation between them. A short-circuit element 6 is vertically fixed to the first ground plane 5 and surrounds the dielectric substrate 4. The short-circuit element 6 generates an induced current under the excitation of electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna 100, and the direction of the induced current is perpendicular to the plane of the first ground plane 5. The induced electric field generated by the induced current can couple with the radiation field of the first frequency band antenna 1, improving the radiation pattern of the first frequency band antenna 1. Furthermore, the short-circuit element 6 also allows the transmission of electromagnetic waves with a third operating frequency band, thereby ensuring the radiation performance of the first frequency band antenna 1 while reducing obstruction of the third frequency band antenna 3, thus reducing the impact on the radiation pattern of the third frequency band antenna 3 and enabling the radiation pattern of the third frequency band antenna 3 to have good conformal characteristics. Understandably, the antenna radiation pattern can be considered relatively intact in shape if it is not interfered with by external environmental factors, such as obstruction by other metal structures. In this application, the short-circuit element 6 obstructs the third band antenna 3 less, so the radiation pattern of the third band antenna 3 is more complete, that is, the radiation pattern of the third band antenna 3 can have good conformal characteristics.

[0099] For example, the upper end of the short-circuit element 6 can also be fixed to the dielectric substrate 4, which can further support the short-circuit element 6 to improve the structural stability of the short-circuit element 6.

[0100] For example, the number of shorting elements 6 can be multiple, such as 4, 7, or 8, and the multiple shorting elements 6 are spaced apart. In this case, the multiple shorting elements 6 can be symmetrically arranged, so as to produce substantially the same effect on the third-band antenna 3 in all directions. For example, the multiple shorting elements 6 can be respectively arranged at the four corners of the dielectric substrate 4. In some other embodiments, there may be no gap between the multiple shorting elements 6, and this application does not limit this.

[0101] Please refer to the following: Figure 3 and Figure 4 , Figure 4 yes Figure 3The diagram shows the structure of the second frequency selection surface 62 of the short-circuit element 6. Exemplarily, the short-circuit element 6 may include a second substrate 61 and a second frequency selection surface 62. One end of the second substrate 61 is vertically fixed to the surface of the first ground plane 5. The second frequency selection surface 62 may include a plurality of parallel and spaced metal elements 63, which are perpendicular to the first ground plane 5 to generate an induced current perpendicular to the plane containing the first ground plane 5. The second substrate 61 may be a dielectric substrate 4 with a certain mechanical strength, used to support the structure of the second frequency surface. The second frequency selection surface 62 can be formed by printing metal paste onto the second substrate 61, or by attaching metal patches to the second substrate 61. In some other embodiments, the short-circuit element 6 may not include the second substrate 61, and the ends of the plurality of metal elements 63 may be directly fixed to the first ground plane 5.

[0102] In this application, by designing the relative positions of the first frequency band antenna 1 and the second frequency band antenna 2, it is possible to avoid mutual coupling between antennas of different frequency bands, reduce the space occupied by the first frequency band antenna 1 and the second frequency band antenna 2, and reduce the volume of the antenna 100. The relative positions of the first frequency band antenna 1 and the second frequency band antenna 2 are illustrated below.

[0103] Please refer to the following: Figure 5 , Figure 6A and Figure 6B , Figure 5 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the projection of the first frequency band antenna 1 and the second frequency band antenna 2 onto the plane of the dielectric substrate 4. Figure 6A yes Figure 5 The diagram shows the radiation direction of antenna 2 in the second frequency band. Figure 6B yes Figure 2 The diagram shows the internal structure of the part shown. Figure 6A The diagram illustrates the internal structure of the first-band antenna 1, the second-band antenna 2, and the dielectric substrate 4. Figure 6A The arrows in the image indicate part of the radiation direction of antenna 2 in the second frequency band; Figure 6B The diagram illustrates the structure of the first frequency band antenna 1, the second frequency band antenna 2, the dielectric substrate 4, and the first ground plane 5.

[0104] For example, such as Figure 6BAs shown, there is a first gap H1 between the first band antenna 1 and the first ground plane 5, and a second gap H2 between the second band antenna 2 and the first ground plane 5. The first gap H1 can be the distance between the lower surface of the first band antenna 1 and the upper surface of the first ground plane 5, or the distance between the upper surface of the first band antenna 1 and the upper surface of the first ground plane 5; the second gap H2 can be the distance between the lower surface of the second band antenna 2 and the upper surface of the first ground plane 5, or the distance between the upper surface of the second band antenna 2 and the upper surface of the first ground plane 5. Understandably, the first band antenna 1 and the second band antenna 2 can be low-profile antennas, for example, they can be metal patch structures made by printing on the dielectric substrate 4. Since the thickness of the first band antenna 1 is small, which can be a few tenths of a millimeter, it can be ignored in this embodiment, and it is considered that the distance between the lower surface of the first band antenna 1 and the upper surface of the first ground plane 5 is approximately equal to the distance between the upper surface of the first band antenna 1 and the upper surface of the first ground plane 5. Similarly, it can be assumed that the distance between the lower surface of the second band antenna 2 and the upper surface of the first ground plane 5 is approximately equal to the distance between the upper surface of the second band antenna 2 and the upper surface of the first ground plane 5.

[0105] For example, the first frequency band antenna 1 and the second frequency band antenna 2 can be located on opposite sides of the dielectric substrate 4, according to this application. Figure 6A and Figure 6B The following description uses the example of the first frequency band antenna 1 being located above the second frequency band antenna 2. In some other embodiments, the first frequency band antenna 1 may also be located below the second frequency band antenna 2, which is not a limitation of this application. The difference between the first spacing H1 and the second spacing H2 can be approximately equal to the thickness of the dielectric substrate 4, that is, the difference between the first spacing H1 and the second spacing H2 can be determined by the thickness of the dielectric substrate 4. For example, the thickness of the dielectric substrate 4 can be less than 3 mm, which is relatively small. Therefore, the difference between the first spacing H1 and the second spacing H2 can be less than or equal to 3 mm, for example, 0.762 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, etc.

[0106] For example, the first frequency band antenna 1 and the second frequency band antenna 2 can also be located on the same side of the dielectric substrate 4. In this case, the first spacing H1 and the second spacing H2 are equal. This application does not limit this, as long as the first frequency band antenna 1 and the second frequency band antenna 2 are designed with a common cross-section.

[0107] In this application, the difference between the first spacing H1 and the second spacing H2 is equal or small, for example, the difference is 0, or the difference is less than or equal to 3 mm. Furthermore, the distance between the dielectric substrate 4 and the first ground plane 5 can be in the range of 30 mm to 60 mm, that is, the first spacing H1 can be in the range of 30 mm to 63 mm, for example: 33 mm, 50 mm, etc. The ratio of the difference between the first spacing H1 and the second spacing H2 to the first spacing H1 can be between 0 and 0.1 (3 mm divided by 30 mm). Therefore, the difference between the first spacing H1 and the second spacing H2 is considered to be almost negligible relative to the first spacing H1. In other words, the first band antenna 1 and the second band antenna 2 adopt a common profile design, which can avoid the first band antenna blocking the radiation of the second band antenna along the tilt angle direction, thereby enabling the second band antenna to have good conformal characteristics and improving the antenna's communication coverage. Understandably, the first spacing H1 can also be less than 30 mm, for example, the first spacing H1 can be 27 mm, 29 mm, etc.; the first spacing H1 can also be greater than 63 mm, for example, the first spacing H1 can be 75 mm, 80 mm, etc., and this application does not limit it in this regard.

[0108] Optional, please refer to the following: Figure 1 and Figure 6A There is a distance between the projections of the first frequency band antenna 1 and the second frequency band antenna 2 on the first floor 5, that is, the projections of the first frequency band antenna 1 and the second frequency band antenna 2 on the plane where the dielectric substrate 4 is located do not coincide, so as to avoid the first frequency band antenna blocking the radiation area of ​​the second frequency band antenna, thereby ensuring the radiation performance of the second frequency band antenna 2.

[0109] In this application, as Figure 6A As shown, the electromagnetic waves emitted by the second frequency band antenna 2 radiate outwards from the second frequency band antenna 2 as the center. The first frequency band antenna 1 and the second frequency band antenna 2 adopt a common section design, and there is a distance between the projection of the first frequency band antenna 1 and the second frequency band antenna 2 on the first floor 5. This can avoid the first frequency band antenna 1 from blocking the radiation of the second frequency band antenna 2 along the tilt angle direction, so that the radiation pattern of the second frequency band antenna 2 can have good conformal characteristics.

[0110] Please see Figure 7A , Figure 7B and Figure 7C , Figure 7A yes Figure 5 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the first-band antenna 1 and the second-band antenna 2 in some other embodiments. Figure 7B yes Figure 5 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the first-band antenna 1 and the second-band antenna 2 in some other embodiments. Figure 7C yes Figure 5 The diagram shows the structure of the first frequency band antenna 1 and the second frequency band antenna 2 in some embodiments.

[0111] For example, the first frequency band antenna 1 can be a ring structure, and the second frequency band antenna 2 can be located in the middle of the first frequency band antenna 1. The first frequency band antenna 1 and the second frequency band antenna 2 are nested, which can avoid mutual coupling between antennas of different frequency bands, reduce the space occupied by the first frequency band antenna 1 and the second frequency band antenna 2, and reduce the volume of antenna 100. For example, the first frequency band antenna 1 can be a circular ring, a square ring, or other irregular ring structure. Understandably, the first frequency band antenna 1 can also adopt other structures such as a linear shape, which is not limited in this application.

[0112] Optionally, the first frequency band antenna 1 and the second frequency band antenna 2 can be coaxially arranged. Understandably, if the geometric center of the first frequency band antenna 1 coincides with the geometric center of the second frequency band antenna 2, it can be considered that the first frequency band antenna 1 and the second frequency band antenna 2 are coaxially arranged; if the geometric center of the first frequency band antenna 1 and the geometric center of the second frequency band antenna 2 are slightly offset, it can also be considered that the first frequency band antenna 1 and the second frequency band antenna 2 are coaxially arranged. In this embodiment, the first frequency band antenna 1 can adopt a ring structure, and the second frequency band antenna 2 can be located in the middle of the first frequency band antenna 1. In other embodiments, the first frequency band antenna 1 and the second frequency band antenna 2 can be spaced apart, that is, the second frequency band antenna 2 can also be located outside the first frequency band antenna 1; this application does not limit this.

[0113] Optionally, the number and size of the radiating elements included in the first-band antenna 1 and the second-band antenna 2 can be set according to the actual requirements for the antenna's beamwidth, maximum radiation direction, and gain. Therefore, the parameters involved in the embodiments of the present invention are only for illustrating specific implementation schemes of the present invention and do not constitute any limitation on the antenna structure.

[0114] Optionally, the number of antennas 1 in the first frequency band can be multiple, such as 2 or 5; the number of antennas 2 in the second frequency band can also be multiple, such as 2 or 5. Figures 7A to 7C The relative positions of the first frequency band antenna 1 and the second frequency band antenna 2 are merely illustrative examples and should not be construed as limiting the number of the first frequency band antenna 1 and the second frequency band antenna 2.

[0115] Optionally, multiple first-band antennas 1 and multiple second-band antennas 2 can be arranged in an alternating manner to avoid mutual coupling between antennas of different frequency bands.

[0116] The specific structures of the first frequency band antenna 1, the second frequency band antenna 2, and the third frequency band antenna 3 will be described by way of example below. First, the specific structure of the first frequency band antenna 1 will be described by example.

[0117] Please see Figure 8 , Figure 8 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of the first frequency band antenna 1 in some embodiments.

[0118] Optionally, the first frequency band antenna 1 may also have multiple gaps 12, such as four or five, wherein the multiple gaps 12 divide the annular structure 11 of the first frequency band antenna 1 into multiple metal segments to change the length of the first frequency band antenna 1, thereby adjusting the radiation frequency of the first frequency band antenna 1. This application uses an example where the first frequency band antenna 1 has four gaps 12 and the annular structure 11 of the first frequency band antenna 1 is divided into four metal segments for illustration.

[0119] Optionally, the first frequency band antenna 1 may be provided with decoupling slots. Specifically, the ring structure 11 of the first frequency band antenna 1 is provided with a first decoupling slot 110. There may be multiple first decoupling slots 110, and the multiple first decoupling slots 110 are spaced apart and arranged periodically.

[0120] Optionally, the first decoupling gap 110 can be a symmetrical structure, and is symmetrically distributed relative to the extension direction of the first frequency band antenna 1. The extension direction of the first frequency band antenna 1 is the surrounding direction of the ring structure. Understandably, the first frequency band antenna 1 can also have other structures, such as a linear structure. In this case, the extension direction of the first frequency band antenna 1 is the extension direction of the linear structure.

[0121] Optionally, the first decoupling slot 110 may include opposing open ends 111 and closed ends 112, with the open ends 111 arranged along the circumferential direction of the first frequency band antenna 1. Optionally, the open ends 111 of each first decoupling slot 110 face the closed ends 112 of other first decoupling slots 110, and the closed ends 112 of each first decoupling slot 110 face the open ends 111 of other first decoupling slots 110. That is, the openings of multiple first decoupling slots 110 are arranged in the same direction along the circumferential direction of the first frequency band antenna 1, for example, the openings of multiple first decoupling slots 110 are arranged in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction along the circumferential direction of the first frequency band antenna 1.

[0122] Optionally, the first decoupling gap 110 can adopt a "U" shaped structure, or an "H" shaped or "M" shaped structure, and this application does not limit it in this regard.

[0123] Please refer to the following: Figure 8 and Figure 9 , Figure 9 It is the electromagnetic waves emitted by antenna 3 in the third frequency band. Figure 8 The diagram shows the distribution of induced current generated on a portion of the structure of the first-band antenna 1. Figure 9The arrow in the diagram indicates the direction of the induced current. For example... Figure 9 As shown, under the excitation of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the third-band antenna 3, the first-band antenna 1 generates induced currents in opposite directions around the decoupling gap (first decoupling gap 110). These oppositely induced currents generate induced electric fields, which radiate and cancel each other out in the far field, thus enabling the radiation pattern of the third-band antenna 3 to have good conformal characteristics. Optionally, the first-band antenna 1 may not have a decoupling gap; this application does not limit this. For example, the length of the decoupling gap can be the same as the electrical length of the third-band antenna 3, so that it generates induced currents under the excitation of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the third-band antenna 3.

[0124] Please refer to the following: Figure 10 and Figure 11 , Figure 10 yes Figure 8 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the first frequency band antenna 1 at another angle. Figure 10 Relative perspective Figure 8 The perspective is flipped left and right. Figure 10 The dashed line in the image indicates the location of gap 12; Figure 11 yes Figure 1 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a portion of the structure of the antenna 100 shown. Figure 11 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the first-band antenna 1 and the dielectric substrate 4 is shown.

[0125] Optionally, the first-band antenna 1 may also have multiple radiating structures 13, which can be patch structures made by printing on the dielectric substrate 4. The radiating structures 13 and the ring structure 11 are located on opposite sides of the dielectric substrate 4. The multiple radiating structures 13 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the multiple gaps 12 of the first-band antenna 1. Parallel capacitors can be formed between the radiating structures 13 and the gaps 12 to adjust the capacitance and inductance of the first-band antenna 1, so that the first-band antenna 1 can achieve impedance matching.

[0126] Please refer to the following: Figure 10 and Figure 12 , Figure 12 yes Figure 10 The diagram shows the structure of the radiating structure 13.

[0127] Optionally, the radial structure 13 is provided with a second decoupling slot 130. The shape of the second decoupling slot 130 is the same as the shape of the first decoupling slot 110. Alternatively, as... Figure 10As shown, the first decoupling slot 110 and the second decoupling slot 130 are arranged opposite to each other, and the projections of the second decoupling slot 130 and the first decoupling slot 110 on the dielectric substrate 4 coincide. Under the excitation of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the third band antenna 3, induced currents in opposite directions can also be generated around the decoupling slots (second decoupling slot 130) of the radiating structure 13. The induced currents in opposite directions generate induced electric fields, which radiate and cancel each other in the far field, thereby enabling the radiation pattern of the third band antenna 3 to have good conformal characteristics.

[0128] Next, the specific structure of the second frequency band antenna 2 will be described by way of example.

[0129] Please see Figure 13 , Figure 13 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of part of the structure of the antenna 100 shown from another angle. Figure 13 The structure of the radiator 21, the second band antenna 2, the second feed element 8, and the first ground plane 5 is shown.

[0130] Optionally, the second-band antenna 2 may include two intersecting first radiators 201, with an included angle of 90 degrees between them. In some other embodiments, the included angle between the two first radiators 201 may be less than 90 degrees, such as 60 degrees or 75 degrees; the included angle between the two first radiators 201 may also be greater than 90 degrees, such as 120 degrees or 135 degrees, and this application does not limit this. Optionally, the second feed element 8 may be a controlled impedance transmission line such as a coaxial cable. The second feed element 8 transmits radio frequency signals to the second-band antenna 2 by direct feeding. A coaxial cable is a broadband microwave transmission line composed of two coaxial cylindrical conductors, with air or a high-frequency dielectric filled between the inner and outer conductors. The outer conductor of the coaxial cable is grounded, and the electromagnetic field is confined between the inner and outer conductors, so that the coaxial cable has virtually no radiation loss and is almost unaffected by external signal interference. The second feed element 8 is electrically connected to the second-band antenna 2 to transmit signals with the second-band antenna 2 by direct feeding.

[0131] Optionally, the second-band antenna 2 may also have decoupling slots. Understandably, the second-band antenna 2 may also be without decoupling slots, and this application does not limit this. For example, the second-band antenna 2 may have a third decoupling slot 202. The third decoupling slot 202 may be symmetrical about the extension direction of the second-band antenna 2, that is, symmetrical about the extension direction of the first radiator 201 of the second-band antenna 2. Optionally, the third decoupling slot 202 may include multiple spaced slots parallel to the extension direction of the first radiator 201 to separate the first radiator 201 into different regions, thereby generating induced currents in opposite directions in different regions. These oppositely oriented induced currents generate induced electric fields, which radiate and cancel each other out in the far field, thus enabling the radiation pattern of the third-band antenna 3 to have good conformal characteristics.

[0132] Optionally, the radiating element 21 may also include two intersecting second radiating elements 211, each corresponding to one of the two first radiating elements 201. The radiating element 21 may also have a fourth decoupling slot 212, which corresponds to the third decoupling slot 202. Under the excitation of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the third-band antenna 3, the radiating element 21 generates induced currents in opposite directions around the fourth decoupling slot 212. These oppositely oriented induced currents generate induced electric fields, which radiate and cancel each other out in the far field, thus enabling the radiation pattern of the third-band antenna 3 to have good conformal characteristics. Optionally, the fourth decoupling slot 212 and the third decoupling slot 202 may have the same or different structures. Optionally, the fourth decoupling slot 212 may have a symmetrical structure and be symmetrically distributed relative to the extension direction of the radiating element 21, that is, symmetrically distributed relative to the extension direction of the second radiating elements 211 of the radiating element 21.

[0133] Please see Figure 14 , Figure 14 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of the third-band antenna 3 and the second ground 9 at another angle.

[0134] Optionally, the third-band antenna 3 includes two third radiators 31 that are perpendicular to each other and intersecting, and the two third radiators 31 are perpendicular to the second floor 9. In some other embodiments, the third-band antenna 3 may also have other structures, which are not limited in this application.

[0135] Optionally, the third-band antenna 3 may include multiple spaced and periodically arranged radiating elements, such as nine, arranged in an array. Multiple radiating elements can increase or decrease the number of communication channels, improving the communication performance of the third-band antenna 3. Furthermore, the number and size of the radiating elements in the third-band antenna 3 can be set according to the actual requirements for the antenna's beamwidth, maximum radiation direction, and gain. Therefore, the parameters involved in the embodiments of this invention are only illustrative of specific implementations of the invention and do not constitute any limitation on the antenna's structure.

[0136] Please see Figure 15A and Figure 15B , Figure 15A yes Figure 1 S-parameter diagram of antenna 1 in the first frequency band. Figure 15B yes Figure 1 The radiation pattern of the first frequency band antenna 1 is shown. This application uses the first frequency band antenna 1 as an example to describe the electrical and radiation characteristics of the antenna 100. Figure 15B The radiation patterns of the first-band antenna 1 at different frequencies are shown, where the solid lines represent the main polarization radiation pattern and the dashed lines represent the cross-polarization radiation pattern. Figure 15B The table shows the half-power beamwidth of the main polarization radiation pattern and cross-polarization radiation pattern of antenna 1 in the first frequency band at different frequencies.

[0137] like Figure 15A As shown, the S-parameters include S(1,1) and S(2,2). Within the first operating frequency band (690MHz to 960MHz) of the first frequency band antenna 1, the S-parameters of the first frequency band antenna 1 are below -8dB, exhibiting low return loss. This indicates that the first frequency band antenna 1 has good impedance matching performance and high signal transmission efficiency.

[0138] like Figure 15B and Figure 15B As shown in the table, the half-power beamwidths of the main polarization radiation pattern of the first-band antenna 1 at frequencies of 690MHz, 820MHz, and 960MHz are 80.8°, 72.5°, and 63.5°, respectively. That is, the half-power beamwidth of the radiation pattern of the first-band antenna 1 is stable within its operating bandwidth, achieving good radiation performance.

[0139] In this application, both the second-band antenna 2 and the third-band antenna 3 have good electrical and radiation performance. Related drawings are not provided here, but are used for illustration and explanation. In summary, antenna 100 has good electrical and radiation performance.

[0140] For example, the antenna 100 provided in this application may also have other antenna structures. The operating frequency band of other antenna structures may be within the operating frequency bands of the first frequency band antenna 1, the second frequency band antenna 2, and the third frequency band antenna 3, or may be outside the operating frequency bands of the first frequency band antenna 1, the second frequency band antenna 2, and the third frequency band antenna 3. This application does not limit this. For example, other antenna structures may be located between any two of the first frequency band antenna 1, the second frequency band antenna 2, and the third frequency band antenna 3, or may be located above the first frequency band antenna 1 or below the third frequency band antenna 3. Other antenna structures may also be located next to the first frequency band antenna 1, the second frequency band antenna 2, and the third frequency band antenna 3. This application does not limit this.

[0141] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Where there is no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized by include: The system comprises a first frequency band antenna, a second frequency band antenna, a dielectric substrate, and a first ground plane. The first frequency band antenna has a first operating frequency band, and the second frequency band antenna has a second operating frequency band. The first operating frequency band is less than the second operating frequency band. The first frequency band antenna and the second frequency band antenna are fixed to the dielectric substrate. The first ground plane is spaced apart from and stacked on the dielectric substrate. The dielectric substrate is located on the upper side of the first ground plane. The first frequency band antenna and the second frequency band antenna have the same cross section. There is a first gap between the first frequency band antenna and the first ground plane, and there is a second gap between the second frequency band antenna and the first ground plane. The first gap and the second gap are equal or there is a difference between the first gap and the second gap, and the difference is less than or equal to 3 mm. The antenna also includes a third frequency band antenna, which has a third operating frequency band. The second operating frequency band is smaller than the third operating frequency band. The third frequency band antenna is located on the lower side of the first floor. The projections of the first frequency band antenna and the second frequency band antenna on the first floor are located in the projection area, and the projection of the third frequency band antenna on the first floor overlaps with the projection area. The first floor is used to reflect electromagnetic waves having the first operating frequency band and the second operating frequency band, and allows electromagnetic waves having the third operating frequency band to be transmitted.

2. The antenna of claim 1, wherein The projection of the third-band antenna onto the first floor falls into the projection area.

3. The antenna of claim 1, wherein The first operating frequency band is in the range of 690MHz to 960MHz, the second operating frequency band is in the range of 1710 MHz to 2170MHz, and the third operating frequency band is in the range of 3300 MHz to 3600MHz.

4. The antenna of claim 1, wherein The first floor includes a first frequency selective surface, which is a bandpass frequency selective surface.

5. The antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna also includes multiple shorting components, which are fixed to the first floor and arranged around the first frequency band antenna. Each shorting component includes multiple parallel and spaced-apart metal pieces, which are perpendicular to the first floor.

6. The antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The first frequency band antenna is provided with a first decoupling gap. Under the excitation of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the third frequency band antenna, the first frequency band antenna generates an induced current in opposite direction around the first decoupling gap.

7. The antenna as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that, The first decoupling gap has a symmetrical structure and is symmetrically distributed relative to the extension direction of the first frequency band antenna.

8. The antenna as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that, The number of the first decoupling gaps is multiple, and the multiple first decoupling gaps are spaced apart and arranged periodically. Each first decoupling gap includes an open end and a closed end, with the open end of each first decoupling gap facing the closed end of another first decoupling gap, and the closed end of each first decoupling gap facing the open end of another first decoupling gap.

9. The antenna as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that, The first decoupling gap adopts a "U" or "M" shaped structure.

10. The antenna as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that, The first frequency band antenna is a ring structure. The first frequency band antenna also includes multiple gaps and multiple radiating structures. The multiple gaps divide the ring structure into multiple metal segments. The multiple radiating structures and the ring structure are respectively located on both sides of the dielectric substrate, and the multiple radiating structures and the multiple gaps are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence.

11. The antenna as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that, The radiating structure is provided with a second decoupling gap, and the projections of the second decoupling gap and the first decoupling gap on the dielectric substrate coincide.

12. The antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The second frequency band antenna is provided with a third decoupling gap. Under the excitation of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the third frequency band antenna, the second frequency band antenna generates an induced current in the opposite direction around the third decoupling gap.

13. The antenna as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that, The third decoupling gap has a symmetrical structure and is symmetrically distributed relative to the extension direction of the second frequency band antenna.

14. The antenna as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that, The second frequency band antenna includes two first radiators arranged in a cross configuration, with the included angle between the two first radiators being 90 degrees.

15. The antenna as claimed in claim 14, characterized in that, The antenna also includes a directional radiator located on the upper side of the dielectric substrate, and the directional radiator is configured corresponding to the second frequency band antenna.

16. The antenna as claimed in claim 15, characterized in that, The guiding radiator includes two intersecting second radiators, and the two second radiators are respectively arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the two first radiators.

17. The antenna as claimed in claim 15, characterized in that, The radiating element is provided with a fourth decoupling gap, which has the same structure as the third decoupling gap and is provided accordingly.

18. The antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna further includes a first feed element and a second feed element, which are located between the dielectric substrate and the first ground plane. The first feed element is used to transmit radio frequency signals to the first frequency band antenna, and the second feed element is used to transmit radio frequency signals to the second frequency band antenna.

19. The antenna as claimed in claim 18, characterized in that, The antenna includes four first feeding components, which are divided into two groups of feeding structures arranged opposite each other. The antenna also includes two feeding networks, which feed the two groups of feeding structures respectively.

20. The antenna as claimed in claim 18, characterized in that, The first power supply component adopts a "T"-shaped metal power supply structure.

21. The antenna as claimed in claim 18, characterized in that, The second power supply element uses an impedance transmission line.

22. The antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, There is a distance between the projections of the first frequency band antenna and the second frequency band antenna onto the first floor.

23. The antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The first frequency band antenna and the second frequency band antenna are coaxially arranged.

24. The antenna as claimed in claim 22, characterized in that, The first frequency band antenna and the second frequency band antenna are spaced apart.

25. The antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The third frequency band antenna is coaxially configured with the first frequency band antenna or the second frequency band antenna.

26. An antenna, characterized in that, include: The system comprises a first frequency band antenna, a second frequency band antenna, a third frequency band antenna, and a first floor. The first frequency band antenna has a first operating frequency band, the second frequency band antenna has a second operating frequency band, and the third frequency band antenna has a third operating frequency band. The first operating frequency band is less than the second operating frequency band, and the second operating frequency band is less than the third operating frequency band. The first frequency band antenna and the second frequency band antenna are located on the upper side of the first floor and share the same cross-section. The third frequency band antenna is located on the lower side of the first floor. The projections of the first frequency band antenna and the second frequency band antenna on the first floor are located in the projection area, and the projection of the third frequency band antenna on the first floor overlaps with the projection area. The first floor is used to reflect electromagnetic waves having the first operating frequency band and the second operating frequency band, and allows electromagnetic waves having the third operating frequency band to be transmitted.

27. A network device, characterized in that, The antenna includes any one of claims 1 to 26.

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