Ocean wave energy harvesting system

Abstract

A system (2) configured for generating power from waves (4), such as ocean waves, is provided. The system (2) includes a float (10); a generator including an input shaft adapted to rotate relative to the float (10); a first arm (30) coupled to the generator; a second arm (32); a pivot joint (34) rotatably joining the second arm (32) to the first arm, the pivot joint (34) being distal from the input shaft along the first arm (30). The first arm connects the second arm to the generator. The series of arms forms a double pendulum system (2) to power an autonomous floating oceanographic station.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of marine energy harvesters. More precisely, this invention belongs to the field of floating systems that generate electricity by converting the mechanical energy of waves into electrical energy. Background Technology

[0002] Oceans and seas are considered an inexhaustible source of green energy. They exhibit water currents generated by tides, which are suitable for powering water turbines. Furthermore, their waves facilitate the feeding of energy harvesters at the water's surface. For example, a wave energy harvester can align a group of horizontally positioned floats. As waves travel along this alignment on the water's surface, the floats pivot relative to each other. A generator utilizes the difference in tilt between adjacent floats to continuously produce electricity. This electricity can be used locally, stored, or fed into the power grid. However, this technology requires a long free surface. It also involves moving parts exposed to saline and corrosive environments.

[0003] As an alternative, wave harvesters include a pivoting arm coupled to a generator. However, this generator includes cogging torque that impedes arm movement and thus reduces energy output because the arm's swinging motion is hindered. Last but not least, the arm rotates very slowly.

[0004] Technical problems to be solved

[0005] One object of the present invention is to provide a system that overcomes at least some of the disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, one object of the present invention is to provide a system for increasing the power generation capacity derived from ocean waves. Summary of the Invention

[0006] According to one aspect of the invention, a system configured to generate electricity from waves such as ocean waves is provided. The system includes a float comprising a watertight outer shell in which the following components are arranged:

[0007] Includes a generator with an input shaft adapted to rotate relative to the float;

[0008] A first arm coupled to a generator; a second arm; a pivot joint rotatably engaging the second arm to the first arm, the pivot joint being linked to the generator via the first arm.

[0009] The system can preferably extend along the main axis. The float can preferably include a balancing orientation, the input shaft can preferably include a first axis of rotation, and the pivot joint can preferably include a second axis of rotation. The axes of rotation extend substantially parallel to the main axis; and the arm extends substantially perpendicular to the main axis.

[0010] Preferably, the system can extend along the main axis. The float may preferably include a balancing orientation, the input shaft may preferably include a first axis of rotation, and the pivot joint may preferably include a second axis of rotation. The axes of rotation extend substantially perpendicular to the main axis; and the arm extends substantially parallel to the main axis.

[0011] According to another aspect of the invention, a system is provided configured to generate electricity from waves such as ocean waves; the system includes: a float; a generator including an input shaft adapted to rotate relative to the float; a first arm coupled to the generator; a second arm; a pivot joint rotatably engaging the second arm to the first arm, the pivot joint being located along the first arm away from the input shaft; and / or the pivot joint being linked to the generator via the first arm; and / or the second arm being linked to the generator via the first arm.

[0012] Preferably, the float includes a balance orientation, the input shaft includes a first axis of rotation, the pivot joint includes a second axis of rotation, the axis of rotation being vertical; and the arm is horizontal.

[0013] Preferably, the float can extend along the main axis.

[0014] Preferably, the float may include a balance orientation, the input shaft may include a first axis of rotation, and the pivot joint may include a second axis of rotation, the axis of rotation being horizontal, i.e. extending substantially perpendicular to the main axis of the float; and wherein the arm is vertical, i.e., substantially parallel to the main axis of the float.

[0015] Preferably, the first arm may include a first length L1, while the second arm may include a second length L2 that may be less than the first length L1.

[0016] Preferably, the length ratio L1 / L2 can be in the range of 1 to 5; or in the range of 2 to 3.

[0017] Preferably, the first arm includes a first weight W1, while the second arm includes a second weight W2 that may be heavier than the first weight W1.

[0018] Preferably, the weight ratio W2 / W1 can range from 0.8 to 5.

[0019] Preferably, the system comprises a total weight Wo, and the ratio Wo / (W1+W2) can be in the range of 2 to 6.

[0020] Preferably, the inertia ratio φ of the weight ratio δ / length ratio μ can range from 1 to 4, and more preferably from 2 to 3.

[0021] Preferably, the first arm may have a first length L1 and a first weight W1, and the second arm may have a smaller second length L2 and a heavier second weight W2, wherein the inertia ratio φ, i.e. the weight ratio (W2 / W1) divided by the length ratio (L1 / L2), may be in the range of 1 to 4, preferably in the range of 2 to 3.

[0022] Preferably, along the first arm, the first arm may include a first counterweight at the pivot joint, and / or along the second arm, the second arm may include a second counterweight at the opposite side of the pivot joint.

[0023] Preferably, the generator may include an inner rotor and a gearbox that couples the first arm to the inner rotor, the gearbox including a multiplication ratio of at least 30.

[0024] Preferably, the system may include a vertical axis, such as and / or a main axis or dominant axis, and means configured to reduce the rotation of the float about the vertical axis and / or about the main axis.

[0025] The system may preferably include a main axis and means configured to reduce the rotation of the float about the main axis.

[0026] Preferably, the system may include means that can be configured to orient the float in a predefined orientation, particularly relative to the wave surface; for example, counterweights, ballast or anchoring devices.

[0027] Preferably, the system may include a floating line, with an arm positioned above the floating line.

[0028] The system (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the system (2) includes a flotation line (14) and the arms (30; 32) are arranged above the flotation line (14) along the main axis (8) of the system.

[0029] Preferably, the system includes a center of gravity, and at least one of the first arm and the second arm can be vertically away from the center of gravity.

[0030] The system may preferably include a center of gravity, and at least one of the first and second arms is arranged at a certain distance from the center of gravity along the main axis or dominant axis of the system.

[0031] Preferably, the generator may include a rotating link that rotatably couples the input shaft to the float, the rotating link including a damping coefficient of at least 0.016 Ns / m.

[0032] Preferably, the generator may include a gearbox with a multiplication factor of at least 30 and may include a cogging torque of at least 10 mN·m; preferably 24 mN·m.

[0033] Preferably, the float may include a watertight outer shell in which an arm is arranged.

[0034] Preferably, the second arm can be a free arm and may include a free end that rotates independently of the generator.

[0035] Preferably, the axes of rotation can be parallel to each other.

[0036] Preferably, the arms can be connected and restricted to move in the same plane, and / or the arms can be parallel to each other, and / or the arms can be configured to move in parallel planes.

[0037] Preferably, the generator can be configured such that rotation of the input shaft causes the generator to produce electrical energy.

[0038] Preferably, the float may have an outer diameter of 40 cm and / or a weight ranging from 1 kg to 10 kg, or from 1 kg to 5 kg.

[0039] Preferably, the system may include a lower half and an upper half, with the arm disposed in the upper half.

[0040] Preferably, the system may include inertia about a vertical pivot axis.

[0041] Preferably, the antenna can be positioned above the generator; and / or on the upper half of the float.

[0042] The input shaft is not a necessary aspect of this invention.

[0043] Another aspect of the present invention is to provide an energy recovery system, comprising:

[0044] floating body;

[0045] Optional devices are configured to define the balance orientation of the system, particularly the buoy, and said devices may optionally include counterweights.

[0046] Vertical direction;

[0047] electric motor

[0048] First axis of rotation;

[0049] Coupled to the first arm of the generator;

[0050] Couple the first arm to the second axis of rotation of the second arm;

[0051] The second arm is attached to the first arm at a second rotation axis offset from the first rotation axis, and optionally, its free end is away from the first arm.

[0052] Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a system configured to generate electricity using wave energy, the system comprising:

[0053] floating body

[0054] A generator, including a rotating rod;

[0055] For example, it can be directly or indirectly attached to the first arm of the input shaft;

[0056] The second arm is rotatably attached to the first arm;

[0057] The first arm includes a pivot joint attached to the second arm, the pivot joint being located away from the rotating rod.

[0058] Another aspect of the present invention provides a system configured to convert wave energy into electrical energy, particularly suitable for an energy converter that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, the system comprising:

[0059] floating body;

[0060] Preferably, the balancing weights define the equilibrium orientation of the system and the float, respectively;

[0061] A generator, including an input shaft having a first axis of rotation;

[0062] A hinged chain having at least two segments,

[0063] The hinge chain includes a first end attached to the input shaft and / or at a first axis of rotation, and a second end as a free end located at the opposite face of the first end.

[0064] Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a system configured for wave energy recovery, the system comprising:

[0065] floating body

[0066] The balancing weight that limits the balance orientation of the system / buoy;

[0067] The generator includes a first rotating shaft;

[0068] A crank attached to the input shaft;

[0069] Second axis of rotation;

[0070] A rocker arm is rotatably attached to a crank at a second axis of rotation, the crank optionally forming a first arm and the rocker arm optionally forming a second arm.

[0071] Another aspect of the invention is to provide a system configured to generate electricity from waves such as ocean waves; the system includes:

[0072] floating body;

[0073] The generator includes a cogging torque and an input shaft adapted to rotate relative to the float;

[0074] A pair of connected arms configured to overcome the cogging torque of a generator by means of ocean waves; optionally having disordered arm trajectories.

[0075] Another aspect of the present invention is to provide an autonomous floating analysis station including a system according to the present invention, the autonomous floating analysis station preferably including water channels located below the first arm and the second arm.

[0076] According to another aspect of the invention, an autonomous floating analysis station is provided. The station includes a system according to various aspects of the invention. The autonomous floating analysis station preferably includes a water channel along its main axis closer to the immersion end of the system than the first and second arms.

[0077] Preferably, the system includes a communication module, which includes an antenna located above the arm.

[0078] The system may preferably include a communication module comprising an antenna arranged along its main axis further away from the immersion end of the system than the arm.

[0079] Another aspect of the invention is to provide an energy production process utilizing a system comprising a float, a generator having an input shaft, a first arm, and a second arm pivotally coupled to the first arm; the energy production process comprising the steps of: orienting the float according to a first orientation in water, particularly in undulating water; tilting the float relative to the first orientation; moving the second arm relative to the float; and transmitting the motion of the second arm to the generator via rotation of the first arm to generate electrical energy; the system is preferably a system according to the invention.

[0080] Preferably, in the transfer step, the second rotational speed of the second arm relative to the first arm can be higher than the first rotational speed of the first arm relative to the float.

[0081] Preferably, in the transfer step, the second rotational acceleration of the second arm relative to the first arm can be higher than the first rotational acceleration of the first arm relative to the float.

[0082] Preferably, during the tilting step, the buoy may be tilted at least 8° relative to the vertical direction or the equilibrium orientation.

[0083] Preferably, the tilting step may include a wave frequency ranging from 0.1 Hz to 1 Hz.

[0084] Preferably, in the transfer step, the second rotational speed of the second arm relative to the float can be higher than the first rotational speed of the first arm relative to the float.

[0085] Preferably, in the transfer step, the second rotational acceleration of the second arm relative to the float can be higher than the first rotational acceleration of the first arm relative to the float.

[0086] Preferably, the rotational speed can be the maximum rotational speed or the average rotational speed.

[0087] Preferably, the rotational acceleration can be the maximum rotational acceleration or the average rotational acceleration.

[0088] Another aspect of the invention is to provide the use of two arms in series pivotal engagement to activate a generator, which includes an input shaft of a gearbox and / or a system with a float, the system being configured to generate electrical energy using wave energy; the system is preferably a system according to aspects of the invention.

[0089] Another aspect of the invention is to provide the use of two arms in series with pivot engagement to activate a generator with an input shaft of a system having a float, the system being configured to generate electrical energy using wave energy; the system is preferably a system according to aspects of the invention.

[0090] Different aspects of the invention can be combined with each other. Furthermore, preferred features of each aspect of the invention can be combined with other aspects of the invention, unless the contrary is explicitly stated.

[0091] Technical advantages of the present invention

[0092] This invention provides a specific combination of auxiliary arms that move and oscillate with small waves. The configuration according to the invention increases the rotational speed and acceleration of the arms, particularly the rotational speed and acceleration of the power converter. Therefore, the power output is increased compared to known systems. The proposed system more efficiently converts the kinetic energy of ocean waves into usable electricity. Corrosion is limited and maintenance requirements are reduced because the actuating generator or the actual power generation components do not come into contact with seawater during operation. This is particularly useful when the equipment is deployed on the high seas. Attached Figure Description

[0093] Several embodiments of the present invention are illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings do not limit the scope of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0094] - Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a cross-sectional view of a system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is provided;

[0095] - Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a cross-sectional view of a system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is provided;

[0096] - Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a cross-sectional top view of a system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is provided;

[0097] - Figure 4A schematic diagram of a block diagram of an energy production process according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is provided;

[0098] - Figure 5 A schematic diagram of an RMS mean angular velocity plot of a system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is provided, wherein the RMS mean angular velocity plot is a function of wave frequency and length ratio μ;

[0099] - Figure 6A and 6B Schematic diagrams are provided for a simple pendulum and for a system according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein the RMS mean angular velocity is a function of the wave frequency and the pitch angle of the wave oscillation.

[0100] - Figure 7A and 7B Schematic diagrams are provided for a simple pendulum and for a system according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein the RMS mean angular acceleration is a function of the wave frequency and the pitch angle of the wave oscillation.

[0101] - Figure 8A and 8B Schematic diagrams are provided showing the torque mappings of a simple pendulum and a system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention to the wave frequency and pitch angle.

[0102] - Figure 9A and 9B Schematic diagrams are provided for the RMS AC power generated by a simple pendulum and a system with a vertical axis of rotation according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the power is a function of wave frequency and pitch angle;

[0103] - Figure 10A and 10B Schematic diagrams are provided for the RMS AC power generated by a simple pendulum and a system with a horizontal axis of rotation according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the power is a function of wave frequency and pitch angle amplitude;

[0104] - Figure 11 A comparison graph is provided showing the charging time for different supercapacitor values ​​between a single-arm system and a system according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.

[0105] Detailed description of the invention

[0106] This section describes various aspects of the invention in more detail based on preferred embodiments and accompanying drawings, but does not limit the invention to the examples shown. In different embodiments of the invention, similar reference numerals will be used to describe similar or identical concepts.

[0107] In the current description, cogging torque can be considered as the torque generated by the electromagnetic interaction between the permanent magnets of the rotor and the stator slots of the generator, which can generally be considered as an electric motor.

[0108] It should be noted that, unless the opposite is explicitly mentioned, the features described with respect to the specific embodiments described herein may be combined with features of other embodiments. Features well-known in the art will not be explicitly mentioned again in order to focus on features specific to this invention. For example, a system according to the invention may include a computer unit, even if such a computer is not explicitly mentioned in the drawings or in the description.

[0109] The terms "horizontal" and "vertical" should not be interpreted in a strictly system-related manner. In fact, the system naturally tilts and exhibits pitch and roll angles driven by waves. Therefore, when interpreting the terms "horizontal" and "vertical," tolerances corresponding to the system's tilt should be used. "Horizontal" orientation generally refers to an orientation substantially parallel to the local water surface, while "vertical" refers to an orientation substantially perpendicular to the local water surface.

[0110] Figure 1 System 2 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown. System 2 is adapted to generate electricity in a marine environment by means of waves 4.

[0111] System 2 is a floating system spanning the water surface 6. Waves 4 create a change in tilt at the water surface 6 and move relative to System 2. Wind increases the amplitude of the waves and sharpens their profiles. Since System 2 is a buoyant system, it is lifted by waves 4 as they sweep across it. Due to their shape and motion, waves 4 destabilize System 2 and cause it to move, tilting it relative to the vertical direction V, also known as the vertical axis V.

[0112] The tilt of system 2 is measured between the vertical axis V and the main axis or dominant axis 8 of system 2. When the water surface 6 is flat, i.e., without waves, the main axis 8 is parallel to the vertical axis V. System 2 is then in a balanced orientation. The main axis 8 can extend along the longest dimension of system 2. In the illustrated embodiment, the main axis extends along the height of the system. The main axis extends from the top to the bottom, where the bottom is the submersible end of the system, which is submerged in water when the system floats on the water surface. In the following, when it is stated that feature X is “lower” than feature Y, it means that feature X is arranged at a smaller distance from the submersible end of the system than feature Y.

[0113] The tilt angle γ defines the tilt of system 2 relative to its environment. The tilt angle γ lies between the vertical axis V and the principal axis 8. In the current illustration, the tilt angle γ is set to 8°. The tilt angle γ is a combination of the pitch angle α and the roll angle β (not shown).

[0114] System 2 features a float 10. The float 10 can define an outer shell 12. The outer shell 12 is watertight and ensures the ability of System 2 to remain afloat on the water surface 6. In use, it further protects the components of System 2 from the corrosive seawater environment. The float can define the waterline 14 of System 2. The waterline 14 can also be designated as the buoyancy line 14. It can also be connected to the location of the center of gravity 16 of System 2.

[0115] Those skilled in the art will understand that the equipment of System 2 affects the waterline 14 and the center of gravity 16.

[0116] System 2 may include means for orienting it in a predetermined and preferred orientation while it is afloat. This means may be a balancing device. This orientation, or reference orientation, may be a vertical orientation when the vertical axis V and the main axis 8 are parallel. As an example, the balancing device includes ballast 18 below the float 10. Alternatively, the balancing device includes a counterweight 18 within the float 10, particularly in its lower half, preferably at its bottom. These solutions are convenient considering ocean tides. Alternatively, the balancing device may include a securing device for attachment to a rope attached to a fixed point in the environment. The securing device may include fixing holes.

[0117] Alternatively, system 2 includes a water channel 20. The water channel 20 can form a channel or through-hole in the float 10, thus facilitating the collection of water samples. The water channel 20 can be a straight passage through system 2. It is preferably arranged below the waterline 14 along the main axis of the system. Subsequently, water analysis can be performed. Water contamination can be detected. Specific particles can be observed. Some biological species can be observed.

[0118] Alternatively, system 2 includes communication devices, such as those for transmitting data related to the water conditions analyzed in water channel 20, the movement of the water surface 6 (calm or turbulent sea), and / or the geographical location of system 2. Water conditions can be provided via an embedded accelerometer module and / or gyroscope module. The communication device may include antenna 22. Antenna 22 may be located on top of float 10. Antenna 22 may form the highest point of system 2. The communication device may include a wireless communication module and a microcontroller associated with antenna 22.

[0119] The system according to the invention can be integrated into a floating station for water analysis. This station can be an autonomous floating analysis station.

[0120] The station is adapted for various types of analysis, such as detection of pollutants in water and wave conditions. Wave conditions include the intensity of wave movement using accelerometers and / or gyroscopes. The station may also include a positioning module to provide the buoy's position signal in the sea. The position signal can be calculated using at least one of the following methods: a magnetometer module, a compass module, GPS signals, and combinations thereof.

[0121] To provide energy, system 2 includes a generator 24. Generator 24 is arranged within the float 10, specifically within the outer casing 12. Generator 24 can be a rotary generator. Notably, it includes an input shaft 26 that rotates about a first axis of rotation 28. Generator 24 generates electricity as the input shaft 26 rotates about the first axis of rotation 28. Generator 24 can include a stator and a rotor. The latter can be equipped with coils and permanent magnets, respectively. The resulting rotary motor may produce opposite electrical current. The rotor is directly or indirectly coupled to the input shaft 26.

[0122] Furthermore, system 2 is equipped with a pair of arms 30 and 32 within the housing 12. The arms (30; 32) are arranged in series. The arms are indicated by different configurations: the first configuration is shown in solid lines, while the second configuration is shown in dashed lines. When system 2 oscillates under wave action, the arms pivot relative to the float 10, and also pivot relative to each other due to their respective inertia. Arms 30 and 32 are elongated elements. The arms are inertial devices. They can form levers. They can be mechanical links.

[0123] These arms include a first arm 30 attached to the input shaft 26 and a second arm 32 attached to the first arm 30. Rotation of the first arm 30 about the axis of rotation 28 causes the generator 24 to generate electricity. A pivot joint 34 rotatably connects arms 30 and 32 together. Thus, the motion and mechanical force of the second arm 32 are transmitted to the input shaft 26 through the first arm 30. The motion of the second arm 32 increases the rotational angle of the first arm 30, which increases the energy converted. These motions also increase the rotational acceleration of the first arm 30 about the input shaft 26. The first arm 30 can be considered the main arm because it is coupled to the generator, while the second arm can be considered the auxiliary arm due to its degrees of freedom.

[0124] The pivot joint 34 includes a second axis of rotation 36. The second axis of rotation 36 may be parallel to and away from the first axis of rotation 28. The axes of rotation 28 and 36 are offset. The first and second axes of rotation 28 and 36 may be perpendicular to the main axis 8 of system 2. These axes of rotation 28 and 36 are generally horizontal. The arms are transverse, preferably perpendicular to the axes of rotation 28 and 36. The first arm 30 extends at least from the first axis of rotation 28 to the second axis of rotation 36.

[0125] Generator 24 may include a gearing device (not shown), also referred to as a gearbox. The gearing device may be smaller than the magnetic and / or electrical parts of generator 24. Input shaft 26 may form the input of the gearbox. The gearing device may include a multiplier of at least 10, 30, 50, 110, or 150. The gearbox may be coupled to the inner rotor of generator 24, specifically the magnet. Therefore, the rotation angle of the rotor is multiplied relative to the rotation angle of the first arm 30, generating more electrical energy.

[0126] Generator 24 may be affected by cogging torque. Due to the surging of water, the second arm 32 moves in a disordered manner. It then transmits the torque peaks to generator 24 via the first arm 30. Overcoming the cogging torque then becomes easier, which is optionally amplified by the gearbox. Smaller waves then allow the second arm 32 to activate generator 24. Due to the potential energy of the second arm, waves that limit small fluctuations on the surface or trigger a reduced tilt angle γ still manage to activate generator 24. Therefore, system 2 is suitable for generating electricity in more wave configurations. System 2 is more efficient. It can maintain power autonomy for a long time: months or years. Battery management becomes much easier.

[0127] The first arm 30 is longer than the second arm 32, for example, twice as long.

[0128] As an option, the second arm 32 is heavier than the first arm 30, for example, at least two or three times heavier.

[0129] The short, heavy second arm 32 increases its swing capability and generates a sudden force on the first arm 30. This makes it easier to overcome the inherent cogging torque of the generator 24 statically. The second arm configuration also increases the rotational speed and acceleration of the input shaft 26.

[0130] Optionally, the system can be coupled to an offshore wind turbine (not shown). The system can form a floating base for the wind turbine, thus combining two energy production solutions.

[0131] Alternatively, the system can be coupled to solar panels (not shown). The top of the system can form a floating base for the solar panel installation exposed to sunlight, thus combining two energy production solutions.

[0132] A 10cm x 10cm solar panel can be used. Wave energy and solar energy provide the same level of electrical power: approximately 100mW. These energy sources provide the same level of energy and have the advantage of a double-pendulum electromagnetic generator that can operate all day (especially at night) because the movement of ocean waves is continuous.

[0133] Figure 2A system 2 for generating electricity in a turbulent ocean according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown. The current system 2 is essentially similar to a combination of... Figure 1 The system described, however, differs in that the axes of rotation 28 and 36 are perpendicular. Although Figure 2 The embodiments differ from Figure 1 The embodiments are described below, but the same reference numerals will be used to indicate similar features in both embodiments. The differences between the arrangements in the two embodiments are explained below.

[0134] System 2 is depicted as floating on the water surface 6. In use, it oscillates from left to right and from front to back due to the propagation of wave 4 moving across the liquid surface. Wave 4 may exhibit an asymmetrical profile that influences the motion of system 2. It should be understood that as a wave passes over system 2, system 2 tilts in one direction and the opposite direction. After the wave passes, system 2 may continue to oscillate and oscillate, for example, until the next wave will trigger it. Optionally, the wave may be higher than system 2.

[0135] System 2 is applicable to waves 4 of varying heights, curvatures, slopes, and propagation speeds. Waves 4 can be formed by wind. Waves 4 can also be partially formed by changes in gravity. The frequency range of this wave can be from 0.05 Hz to 1.2 Hz, or from 0.1 Hz to 1 Hz. When it encounters wave 4, the orientation of System 2 changes. Then, the orientation change of System 2 also exhibits a frequency range from 0.05 Hz to 1.2 Hz, or from 0.1 Hz to 1 Hz.

[0136] Furthermore, as waves approach, the float 14 or waterline 14 also moves up and down. This vertical movement can affect energy production, especially when the axes of rotation 28 and 36 are tilted relative to the vertical axis V. The vertical movement can also be observed through the center of gravity 16.

[0137] Arms 30 and 32 are arranged within the watertight housing 12 and away from the waterline 14, such that they are positioned above the water surface when the system is in use. Arms (30; 32) are located above the waterline 14. There, the tilting motion of system 2 is amplified. When system 2 tilts from the tilt angle γ, this motion is amplified at arms (30; 32). More power is available. The distance relative to the center of gravity 16 also affects the amplification of motion when system 2 pivots and oscillates.

[0138] The balancing device, particularly the ballast 18, has the opposite effect to the wave 4 at the tilt angle γ. The wave 4 tilts the system 2 and increases the tilt angle γ, while the directional device forces the main axis 8 to be parallel to the vertical axis V along the gravity vector. The wave 4 causes an unbalanced configuration, while the balancing device applies a balanced state or stabilizes the orientation. In the current illustration, the tilt angle γ reaches 15°. The tilt angle γ shown can correspond to the maximum tilt of the system 2 caused by the motion of the wave 4.

[0139] The outer casing 12 is arranged between the ballast 18 and the communication device, particularly the antenna 22. The ballast 18 and the antenna 22 are located vertically at opposite ends of the system 2 along their main axis. The water channel 20 may be located at the junction between the float 10 and the orientation device 18. It may be located vertically away from the outer casing 12.

[0140] The housing 12 houses the generator 24, the first arm 30, and the second arm 32. The generator 24 includes a vertical axis of rotation 28 about which its rotor rotates. A shaft 26, also referred to as a rotating shaft 26, also rotates about the vertical axis of rotation 28. Shaft 26 can be considered an input shaft because it forms a mechanical input through which mechanical energy is fed in order to convert it into electrical energy.

[0141] Generator 24 can be an electromagnetic generator. Alternatively, the generator can be an electromagnetic generator such as a dynamo. As a further alternative, the generator can be an electrostatic generator, such as a triboelectric generator, piezoelectric generator, or electret generator. Other generators are also considered.

[0142] The first arm 30 is coupled directly or indirectly to the generator 24 via a gear mechanism. The gear mechanism can be equipped with the generator 24. The gear mechanism, particularly the gearbox 38, can include a multiplier of at least 5, 15, 30, 60, 110, or 150. The multiplier increases the rotational speed of the generator rotor relative to the first arm 30. It also increases the torque, such as the cogging torque applied to the first arm 30 and the input shaft 26 of the generator 24. The cogging torque can be generated by a magnetic device within the generator 24. At low speeds, the first arm 30 may exhibit uneven motion.

[0143] The first and second rotation axes 28 and 36 can be parallel to the main axis 8 of system 2. The first arm 30 is substantially perpendicular to the first rotation axis 28. At the interface between the first and second arms, the second rotation axis 36 is perpendicular to the latter. The arms (30; 32) then pivot and sweep across parallel planes perpendicular to the main axis 8. These planes are substantially horizontal. Therefore, system 2 is suitable for generating electricity independently of the system orientation relative to the wave propagation direction indicated by the arrows. The system is configured to generate electricity using waves, regardless of where the waves originate.

[0144] In the current illustration, the first arm 30 attached to the rod 26 is above the second arm 32. The pivot joint 34 may be a hinged connection. Alternatively, the second arm 32 may be perpendicular and flush with the first arm 30. It may be within the vertical thickness of the first arm 30, rather than stacked. As a further alternative, the second arm may be above the first arm.

[0145] The generator 24 may include a rotating link 40, such as a ball bearing. The rotating link 40 rotatably connects the input shaft 26 to the float 10. The rotating link 40 includes a damping coefficient of at least 0.016 Ns / m. This coefficient reduces the acceleration of the first arm 30 by the second arm 32 used for power generation in order to overcome the effect of the damping coefficient of the rotating link 40.

[0146] When system 2 tilts relative to its vertical equilibrium orientation, arms 30 and 32 move due to their weight and gravity. To increase the generated electrical energy, the arms are provided with additional blocks to provide specific additional counterweights. The counterweights can be counterweight blocks or counterweight elements. The first arm 30 includes a first counterweight block 42, while the second arm 32 includes a second counterweight block 44, which are spaced apart from each other. The second arm 32 ensures the distance between counterweight blocks 42 and 44.

[0147] The first arm 30 includes a first weight W1, also referred to as the first mass M1; the second arm includes a second weight W2, also referred to as the second mass M2. The ratio W2 / W1 (i.e., the weight ratio δ) ranges from 0.5 to 10, preferably from 0.8 to 5. Optionally, the second counterweight 44 is heavier than the first counterweight 42. The sum of the first weight W1 and the second weight W2 represents at most half of the total weight Wo of system 2. The ratio {Wo / (W1+W2)} ranges from 2 to 10, or from 2 to 6. Therefore, the cumulative weight of the arms accounts for only a small portion of the system weight. The orientation of the arms and their movement have limited impact on the overall balance and system orientation. Therefore, the arm configuration does not reduce power generation.

[0148] The first counterweight 42 can be located at one end of the first arm 30, for example, on the opposite side of the first axis of rotation 28 and the rod 26. The first counterweight 42 can be located at the second axis of rotation 36. It can cover the second arm 32. It can extend along the latter. Thus, the first counterweight 42 increases the inertia of the first arm 30 relative to the first axis of rotation 28. The first counterweight 42 can be located at the pivot joint 34.

[0149] The second counterweight 44 may be located at the free end of the second arm 32. Counterweights 42 and 44 may be located at opposite ends of the second arm 32. The second arm 32 forms a link extending at least between the first and second counterweights (42; 44). The second counterweight 44 increases the inertia of the second arm 32, as defined relative to the second axis of rotation 36.

[0150] Due to the multiplication factor of gearbox 38, the cogging torque of the first arm 30 relative to generator 24 is maintained at at least: 4 mN.m; or 20 mN.m; or 24 mN.m; or 30 mN.m; or 40 mN.m; or 80 mN.m; or 150 mN.m. Therefore, this multiplied cogging torque prevents the movement of the first arm 30 and necessarily prevents the movement of input shaft 26. This generated cogging torque creates an obstacle to power generation. The first arm 30 then needs to apply a threshold torque greater than the cogging torque to activate generator 24 and thus generate electrical energy. The purpose of the second arm 32 is to precisely increase the activation torque by transmitting the motion impact.

[0151] System 2 may include a device 46 for limiting rotation about the main axis 8. This device may be an orientation device 46 adapted to maintain the orientation of system 2 relative to the vertical axis V. The orientation devices 46 may be distributed around the main axis 8. They may be diametrically opposed. The orientation device 46 may include fins 46 or wings in the water. The fins 46 may form blades protruding from the float 10. The fins 46 extend in the water and slow down the rotation of system 2 because the surface of the fins 46 resists counter-torque when system 2 intends to rotate about the vertical axis V. The orientation device 46 increases stability, especially stability about the main axis 8, so that the movement of the arm is facilitated when the wave 4 moves system 2. Therefore, more energy is generated.

[0152] As a complement to or alternative to a circular or spherical shape, float 10 may include a polygonal shell. Float 10 may have a triangular or square profile to suppress system rotation. The shell may be part of the orientation device 46. Other orientation devices are also contemplated.

[0153] Alternatively, water channels are arranged at the system's float. These water channels then facilitate particle detection at six points on the water surface.

[0154] System 2 according to the invention can be combined with other modules for generating electricity. As an illustrative example, System 2 is combined with a wind turbine. A second generator, particularly for the bladed rotor of the wind turbine, can be provided. The wind turbine can be located on top of a floating body. This floating body can form a floating base. Ballast can be used to maintain the vertical orientation of the wind turbine. When the wind blows, the waves rise, and the wind turbine rotates. Due to the synergistic effect caused by the wind, the power output increases. A power peak is observed.

[0155] As another illustrative example, the system is combined with solar cells. The solar cells utilize sunlight to generate electricity. The solar cells can be located above arms 30 and 32, for example, on top of the buoy.

[0156] Figure 3A schematic diagram of another embodiment of a system 2 for power generation according to the present invention is provided. Current system 2 and... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The systems described herein are substantially similar or identical; therefore, the same reference numerals are used to denote similar concepts and features. For clarity, the float is omitted. Generator 24 is shown in the background. System 2, having a pair of arms (30; 32), is also designated as a system with a double pendulum.

[0157] The first arm 30 includes a first length L1. The first length L1 can correspond to the entire length of the arm, or it can be measured from the shaft 26 to the pivot joint 34. The first length L1 can be defined as the distance between the first axis of rotation 28 and the second axis of rotation 36. The first length L1 can be the distance between the first axis of rotation 28 and the first center of gravity 48 of the first counterweight 42. In the current illustration, the first center of gravity 48 can be on the first axis of rotation 28. The first axis of rotation 28 can correspond to the axis of rotation of the gear mechanism 38. Alternatively, it can be offset along axis 28 in a top view.

[0158] The second arm 32 includes a second length L2. The second length L2 typically corresponds to the entire length of the second arm 32. The second length L2 can be defined as the distance between the second axis of rotation 36 and the center of gravity 50 of the second counterweight 44.

[0159] Alternatively, the weight of the elongated structural elements forming the arms can be considered negligible relative to the weight of the counterweights (42, 44). Each arm may include a bar whose weight accounts for at most 20%, 10%, or 5% of the weight of the associated counterweights (42, 44).

[0160] The μ ratio L1 / L2, also known as the length ratio μ, can range from 1 to 10, or 1 to 5, or 2 to 3. The second arm 32 is shorter than the first arm 30, for example, at least twice as short.

[0161] As an option of the invention, the shortest arm is the heaviest. The inertia ratio φ or ratio φ of the weight ratio δ / length ratio μ ranges from 1 to 10, or 1 to 4, or 2 to 3.

[0162] The oscillating behavior of a double pendulum with two blocks is also the subject of much existing research [Cross, 2005]. The latter system has an analytical solution for the trajectory, which can be approximated by a linear combination under small-amplitude oscillations. Under large-amplitude oscillations, this is no longer a case of disordered pendulum movement. In this case, it is necessary to use numerical analytical tools and stepwise integration methods (Runge-Kutta.Verlet, ...) to solve the equations of motion.

[0163] The focus is on the kinematic model of the damped double pendulum. In the (x,y) reference frame, using Newton's second law, we obtain the following equation:

[0164] Equation 1:

[0165]

[0166] Equation 2:

[0167]

[0168] Equation 3:

[0169]

[0170] And Equation 4:

[0171]

[0172] Ti is the tension in arm "i", and ci is the damping coefficient of pivot point "i". x1, y1, x2, and y2 are the positions of the first and second mass blocks, respectively.

[0173] Rearranging these equations, we obtain the coupled motion equations of the damped double pendulum:

[0174] Equation 5:

[0175]

[0176] And equation 6:

[0177]

[0178] Then, these equations are written in terms of variables θ1, θ2, and After the coupled first-order differential equation system is used and an ordinary differential equation solver is applied, these equations are numerically solvable.

[0179] Then, angular perturbations simulating the wave curve can be added to equations 5 and 6. A simple model considers only the pitch and roll perturbations of the waves. By defining the pitch angle as α and the roll angle as β, the equations of motion for the perturbed damped double pendulum become:

[0180] Equation 7:

[0181]

[0182] And Equation 8:

[0183]

[0184] The moment of inertia of a double pendulum is defined as:

[0185] Equation 9

[0186] I = M1.L1 2 +M2.{L1 2 +L2 2 +2.L1.L2.cos(θ1-θ2)}

[0187] Therefore, the torque τ applied to the central pivot θ1 about the first axis of rotation is proportional to the angular acceleration, and it is expressed as:

[0188] Equation 10:

[0189]

[0190] For both simple and double pendulums, the first numerical model based on these equations is proposed to find the angular position, velocity, and acceleration, with the following mass and rod length parameters, for example:

[0191] One-arm swing:

[0192] W1 = 1 kg, L1 = 0.15 m

[0193] Double pendulum:

[0194] W1 = 0.1 kg, W2 = 0.9 kg, where W1 + W2 = 1 kg, and L1 + L2 = 0.15 m

[0195] The equations described above are used to describe the behavior of the system. Furthermore, these equations are used to calculate acceleration and the generated electricity.

[0196] Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrating the energy conversion process of ocean waves into electrical energy according to the present invention, also known as an energy production process. The energy conversion process involves a system for generating electricity, for example, according to... Figures 1 to 3 The system described by any one of them and any combination thereof.

[0197] The process includes the following steps, specifically the following:

[0198] • Orient the buoy of the 100 system based on its first position in the water, especially in wavy water;

[0199] • The float is tilted 102 degrees relative to the first orientation;

[0200] • The second arm moves 104 units relative to the float;

[0201] The rotation of the first arm transmits the motion of the second arm to the input shaft of the generator to generate electrical energy.

[0202] • Store 108 or consume and inject the generated electrical energy.

[0203] At step 100, the float is lowered into the water. The system, specifically the float, comprises an underwater portion and a buoyant portion. Its main axis or dominant axis may extend along a vertical axis. Optionally, the system can be attached to the seabed or a vessel. As a further option, the system can be anchored to another system; said system being similar or identical. Figure 1 The system can be attached to according to Figure 2 The system. At the 100-degree directional step, the water surface may be waveless. During this process, the wave amplitude may change. The wave frequency may also change. The frequency may become irregular.

[0204] At step 102 (tilt), the wave approaches, passes through, and leaves the system. By comparison, the system can be considered to be generally in a fixed position due to its inertia, while the wave moves relative to the environment; specifically, for the system. The wave then pushes the system and causes a change in equilibrium. The system moves laterally; as... Figure 1 and 2 As shown.

[0205] At step 102, the float is tilted at least 8°, 15°, or 20°. The tilt angle of the float relative to the vertical direction and / or the equilibrium orientation is measured.

[0206] In response to the lateral movement of the system, and due to its own inertia, the second arm moves at step 104. Equilibrium evolution and gravity cause the second arm to turn to a lower position in order to achieve another equilibrium configuration.

[0207] At step 106, the generator produces electricity. Mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy.

[0208] At step 106, the second rotational speed of the second arm relative to the first arm is greater than the first rotational speed of the first arm relative to the float. This second rotational speed is either an average speed or a maximum speed.

[0209] At step 106, the second rotational acceleration of the second arm relative to the first arm is greater than the first rotational acceleration of the first arm relative to the float. The second rotational acceleration is either an average acceleration or a maximum acceleration.

[0210] For example, at step 106, a system with a diameter of 40cm and a weight of 3kg can deliver a peak power of 100mW. Therefore, this system optimizes compactness and electrical output. It is also easy to manufacture.

[0211] The transfer step can be considered as a step of generating electricity; or a step of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. Under other considerations, the process may include steps of generating electrical energy and / or converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, for example, during or after the transfer step.

[0212] During the tilting step 102 and at the transmission step 106, the waves comprise a range of frequencies from 0.1 Hz to 1 Hz. This frequency range is inherently wide, which enhances the system's ability to generate electricity under different configurations and sea conditions. Under actual operating conditions, the possibility of generating electrical energy is increased.

[0213] The system according to the invention is also applicable to variations in wave frequency and wave amplitude. The system utilizes heterogeneous waves to generate electricity.

[0214] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the root-mean-square (RMS) average angular velocity of the system according to the present invention is provided, as a function of wave frequency (Hz) and length ratio μ. This system can be similar to or equivalent to... Figures 1 to 3 This refers to any system described in the diagram. The μ ratio corresponds to the arm length ratio μ: L1 / L2. The current diagram shows the first rotational speed at the first arm, which is the rotational speed used to activate the generator.

[0215] In the current experiment, which optionally includes simulation, the frequency f and the ratio μ were explored. For the double pendulum configuration, a sweep of the ratio μ (L1 / L2) and the excitation frequency f was performed. The frequency was explored in the range of 0.1 to 1.2 Hz.

[0216] In the current experiment, the maximum tilt angle α_max parameter was set to 3°. The first arm's first weight W1 was 0.1 kg. The second arm's second weight W2 was 0.9 kg. Therefore, the total arm weight was 1 kg. When the arms were aligned, the total arm length (L1+L2) was 0.15 m. Optimal values ​​exist at μ = 2.5, L1 = 0.107 m, and L2 = 0.043 m. It can be noted that for the excitation frequency, the complete locking range of the maximum average RMS angular velocity θ'1 is 0.1 Hz to 0.85 Hz. Furthermore, these arm lengths allow for a compact design, which is suitable for autonomous drifting buoys.

[0217] When the length ratio μ is in the range of 1.5 to 3.5, the rotational speed is at least 1.5 rad / s. When the length ratio μ is in the range of 2 to 3, the first rotational speed... Typically, it's at least 2 rad / s. Therefore, the rotation of the first arm is essentially rapid, and the generator provides more power. This is an optimization phase to achieve the best energy harvesting conversion output from ocean wave oscillations to angular velocity and angular acceleration.

[0218] To further investigate this invention, it is also of interest to examine the changes in acceleration and velocity over time when the optimal μ ratio (L1 / L2) is 2.5. For this study, the following parameters were chosen: a wave frequency of 0.1 Hz and a maximum pitch angle α_max = 8°.

[0219] As a benchmark for comparison, a single arm weighing 1 kg and 15 cm in length can achieve an interpeak angular velocity θ'1_SP_p-p = 10 rad / s and an interpeak angular acceleration θ”1_SP_p-p = 20 rad / s. 2 The label SP indicates a single pendulum configuration (one arm). In contrast, the system according to the invention, with two pivotally connected arms, provides an inter-peak angular velocity θ'1_DP_p-p = 40 rad / s, and an inter-peak angular acceleration... The label DP indicates a double pendulum (double arm) configuration.

[0220] Although both systems have the same total weight and the same maximum arm extension, the latter's values ​​are higher than those of the single-pendulum configuration. This invention improves rotational speed and rotational acceleration by segmenting the length and splitting the mass. For ocean wave motion with the same amplitude and frequency, the generator in a double-pendulum configuration (with such...) Figures 1 to 3 More electricity is generated in the two arms (30 and 32) shown.

[0221] Figure 6A and 6B A system with a single arm is provided. Figure 6A ) and the system with two arms according to the invention ( Figure 6B A schematic diagram of the RMS average angular velocity (rad / s) of . Figure 6A and 6B The graph in the figure represents the system oscillation frequency (Hz) as a function of the maximum pitch angle α_max (°). The current system corresponds to the combination of... Figures 2 to 3 The systems described.

[0222] For both systems, the total weight was kept at 1 kg for performance benchmarking. A similar maximum value for the arm extension of 0.15 meters was chosen. Both systems were excited by a 0.23 Hz sinusoidal low-frequency wave with a maximum pitch angle α_max = 8°, simulating ocean wave excitation. The real-time pitch angle α(t) of the system can then be provided by the following equation:

[0223] Equation 11:

[0224] α(t)=α max cos(2πft)

[0225] from Figure 6A and Figure 6BThe comparison diagrams show that a wider range of high average angular velocities can be observed using the double-pendulum solution. This is especially true for the system with two arms according to the present invention. Figure 6B In the above cases, the power range above 5 rad / s is wider, while the range below 2 rad / s is smaller. In the latter configuration, a more constant and higher electrical power can be obtained.

[0226] Maxwell-Faraday's law of induction states:

[0227] Equation 12:

[0228]

[0229] For a surface S that is constant over time, It is a magnetic field Infinitely small vector elements of a surface that flows over time. It is the direction vector of the magnetic field B. From equation 12 above, we can derive the first angular velocity... This has a direct impact on the induced voltage (also known as electromotive force (emf)). This means that a larger angular velocity θ'1 (=dθ1 / dt) will generate more electricity at the generator's output.

[0230] Figure 7A and 7B A single-arm pendulum system is provided. Figure 7A ) and the double pendulum system with two arms according to the invention ( Figure 7B RMS mean angular acceleration (rad / s²) 2 A schematic diagram of the diagram shows that the RMS average angular acceleration is a function of the frequency and tilt angle of the wave oscillation. The system according to the invention corresponds to a combination of... Figure 2 The system described in and / or 3.

[0231] The dashed line represents the cogging torque effect generated by the generator and its optional gear mechanism. This back electromotive force forms the torque that the first arm needs to overcome to move. The dashed line representing the cogging torque lies at the boundary of the region where the rotational acceleration level is negligible. If the initial torque transmitted by the first arm is less than the cogging torque, also known as the starting torque, then the first arm remains stuck in place and cannot activate the generator. Energy is not harvested into electrical energy.

[0232] This means that in order for the generator to begin rotating, the harvesting force applied along the first axis of rotation needs to reach a threshold. This threshold comes from the magnetic force separating the stator and rotor within the generator, but also from any gearboxing between the axis of the electromagnetic generator and the angular acceleration of the movement to be converted. This angular acceleration d is calculated. 2 θ1 / dt 2 (rad / s 2The RMS average value of the wave was used to map and compare the excitation frequency f (Hz) and tilt or pitch angle α of the ocean wave oscillation state.

[0233] Here, from these comparative graphs, one can notice the larger domain of high average angular acceleration in the double-pendulum configuration. The system according to the invention provides at least 20 rad / s². 2 A wider range. This invention also provides speeds exceeding 35 rad / s. 2 The double pendulum structure is a significant proportion. It produces a more constant and higher electrical power. Overcoming the cogging torque of the generator becomes easier. Higher angular acceleration means higher mechanical efficiency in starting the generator, and during steady rotational speed, more kinetic energy needs to be transferred to counteract the dynamic torque due to eddy currents in the generator. Therefore, compared to a single pendulum, the double pendulum structure is more inclined to drive similar and larger power generators in a more efficient manner.

[0234] By comparing the cogging torque boundary, the system according to the invention overcomes the cogging torque with a smaller pitch angle α. The invention then generates electricity in more configurations, particularly with a wider excitation range. In many cases, the system generates electricity over an extended tilt range.

[0235] Regarding wave frequency, this invention exhibits more uniform behavior than a single-arm device. The system generates more power in the frequency range from 0.7 Hz to 1.2 Hz when the maximum pitch angle α ranges from 4° to 10°.

[0236] Therefore, this further confirms that the invention generates power in a wider range of configurations. The invention also generates more power over a wider frequency and pitch angle range.

[0237] Figure 8A and 8B A pendulum with a single arm is provided. Figure 8A ) and the double pendulum system with two arms according to the invention ( Figure 8B A schematic diagram showing the frequency of the torque generated by the comparison wave with the amplitude of the pitch angle α. The system according to the invention corresponds to the combination of... Figure 2 The system described in section 3 and / or section 3. This mapping includes the region with torque variations. The wave excitation frequency ranges from 0.1 Hz to 1.2 Hz. Simultaneously, the maximum pitch angle α starts from 0° and reaches 16°.

[0238] The dashed lines represent the cogging torque generated by the generator and gearbox. In the current embodiment, the cogging torque applied to the first arm is 24.75 mN·m.

[0239] As can be clearly seen from the comparison figures, the present invention increases the torque transmitted to the generator by the first arm. For a reference single-arm system, the maximum torque is approximately 500 mN·m, while the system according to the present invention provides 1500 mN·m of torque. Therefore, the present invention is suitable for generating more electricity.

[0240] Furthermore, when the pitch angle α is set to 4°, the reference system with a single arm exhibits a torque of 0 mN·m. In contrast, the present invention provides an interesting torque for pitch angle amplitude α starting from 1°. The present invention then provides power with a reduced excitation angle and low ocean wave amplitude relative to system height.

[0241] Figure 9A and 9B Provided for pendulums with a single arm ( Figure 9A ) and the double pendulum system with two arms according to the invention ( Figure 9B A schematic diagram of the RMS AC power generated on a wire with a 100-ohm resistive charge.

[0242] The system according to the invention corresponds to the combination Figure 2 The system described in section 3 and / or section 4. The axis of rotation is usually vertical, while the arm is usually horizontal, and is typically drawn with a horizontal trajectory.

[0243] To study the generated electricity, the excitation frequency and pitch angle were varied to identify the domain of interest in power generation. The frequencies studied ranged from 0.25 Hz to 0.8 Hz. The maximum excitation pitch angle α_max ranged from 3° to 12°.

[0244] In real-world conditions, given unfavorable initial conditions, a simple pendulum can remain in a low-amplitude oscillation state, producing far less power for a given wave frequency and pitch angle. A narrow range allows for at least 60mW of power, which is still insufficient in some applications.

[0245] A double pendulum, due to its disordered trajectory behavior, tends to quickly exit this oscillating state and generate as much electrical energy as possible, as if the initial conditions were ideal. The system according to the invention... Figure 9B The graph generates at least 75mW over most of its area. One large area exceeds 100mW, which is sufficient for several applications that require autonomous power for electronic devices.

[0246] These experimental results obtained on a real test bench confirm the trends of previous numerical modeling and parameter optimization (mass ratio and arm length ratio). The double pendulum structure is well-suited for harvesting energy from the various motions of low-frequency ocean waves.

[0247] Figure 10A and 10BProvided for pendulums with a single arm ( Figure 10A ) and the double pendulum system with two arms according to the invention ( Figure 10B A schematic diagram of the RMS AC power generated by measuring a wire with a 100-ohm resistive charge. The system according to the invention corresponds to the combination of... Figure 1 The system described.

[0248] To study the generated power, the excitation frequency f (Hz) and pitch angle α (°) were varied to identify the domain with power generation of interest. The frequency range was from 0.25 Hz to 0.8 Hz. The maximum excitation pitch angle α ranged from 3° to 12°.

[0249] As can be seen from the comparison diagram, the double pendulum still tends to broaden its working frame to lock in the energy collected from the external mechanical excitation of the wave to a wider frequency range.

[0250] In contrast, the range of power outputs of at least 40mW produced by the present invention is larger than that of a single arm. The same conclusion applies to the domain where power outputs are at least 30mW. In particular, the system according to the invention provides more power at a frequency of at least 0.7Hz. The invention also improves the output for an excitation angle of at least 10°.

[0251] Figure 11 Illustrations are provided showing the load time interval of 3.3 volts achieved between two pendulum structures for supercapacitors of varying values. Solid lines indicate the load time at which the capacitance value reaches 3.3V in a system with a dual-pendulum configuration having two moving arms 30 and 32, depending on the invention. Dashed lines indicate the load time depending on the capacitance of a system with a single arm, for example, where the two arms are rigidly held in an aligned single-pendulum configuration. The pivot joint at their interface is then blocked.

[0252] It has been observed that the present invention reduces the charging time of energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors. Supercapacitors with a capacity of at least 0.1F, or 0.47F, or 0.6F can be used as energy storage devices to power marine analysis stations and wireless communication modules.

[0253] Compared to a single-arm system, this invention reduces charging time. This invention achieves higher voltages, for example, at least 3.3V, much faster. In experiments, the supercapacitor had a capacitance of 0.47F, a maximum pitch angle α_max of 10°, and a wave excitation frequency of 0.4Hz; the system according to the invention reached 3.3V in 175 seconds; while the single-arm reference system required 285 seconds.

[0254] It can also be observed that the present invention generally improves the charging rate.

[0255] This invention improves the charging speed, which depends on the capacitor. As can be clearly seen from the current figures, the curves corresponding to this invention are generally less sloping than those associated with single-arm systems. This phenomenon is even more pronounced when the capacitance is at least 0.1F.

[0256] Features associated with the ocean can be extended to any body of water with uneven surface areas. Ships passing through may generate waves.

[0257] It should be understood that the detailed description of the particular preferred embodiments is given by way of illustration only, as various changes and modifications within the scope of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A system (2) configured for generating electricity from waves (4), the system (2) comprising: a float (10) comprising a watertight hull (12) in which are arranged: a generator (24) comprising an input shaft (26) adapted to rotate relative to the float (10); a first arm (30) coupled to the generator (24); a second arm (32); a pivot joint (34) rotatably joining the second arm (32) to the first arm (30), the pivot joint (34) being linked to the generator (24) through the first arm (30).

2. The system (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the system extends along a main axis (8), wherein the float (10) comprises a balanced orientation, the input shaft (26) comprises a first axis of rotation (28), the pivot joint (34) comprises a second axis of rotation (36), the axes of rotation (28; 36) extending parallel to the main axis; and wherein the arms (30; 32) extend perpendicular to the main axis.

3. The system (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that, the system extends along the main axis (8), wherein the float (10) comprises a balanced orientation, the input shaft (26) comprises a first axis of rotation (28), the pivot joint (34) comprises a second axis of rotation (36), the axes of rotation (28; 36) extending perpendicular to the main axis; and wherein the arms (30; 32) extend parallel to the main axis.

4. The system (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first arm (30) comprises a first length LI and the second arm (32) comprises a second length L2 which is smaller than the first length LI.

5. The system (2) according to claim 4, characterized in that the length ratio LI / L2 ranges from 1 to 5; or from 2 to 3.

6. The system (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first arm (30) comprises a first weight Wl and the second arm (32) comprises a second weight W2 which is heavier than the first weight Wl.

7. The system (2) according to claim 6, characterized in that the weight ratio W2 / Wl ranges from 0.8 to 5.

8. The system (2) according to claim 6, characterized in that the system (2) comprises a total weight Wo, the ratio Wo / (Wl+W2) ranges from 2 to 6.

9. The system (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that, the first arm (30) has a first length LI and a first weight Wl, wherein the second arm (32) has a second length L2 which is smaller and a second weight W2 which is heavier, wherein an inertia ratio φ being the weight ratio (W2 / Wl) divided by the length ratio (LI / L2) ranges from 1 to 4.

10. The system (2) according to claim 9, characterized in that the inertia ratio φ ranges from 2 to 3.

11. The system (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that along the first arm (30), the first arm (30) comprises a first counterweight (42) at the pivot joint (34), and along the second arm (32), the second arm (32) comprises a second counterweight (44) at the opposite face of the pivot joint (34).

12. The system (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the generator (24) comprises an inner rotor and a gearbox (38) coupling the first arm (30) to the inner rotor, the gearbox (38) comprising a multiplication ratio of at least 30.

13. The system (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that, the system (2) comprises a main axis (8) and means for reducing the rotation of the float (10) around the main axis (8).

14. The system (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the system (2) comprises means configured for orienting the float (10) in a predefined orientation relative to a wave surface (6).

15. The system (2) according to claim 14, characterized in that The device is a counterweight, or ballast (18), or a fixture.

16. The system (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that The system (2) comprises a floating line (14), the arms (30; 32) being arranged above the floating line (14) along a main axis (8) of the system.

17. The system (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that The system (2) comprises a center of gravity (16), at least one of the first arm (30) and the second arm (32) being arranged at a distance from the center of gravity (16) along a main axis (8) of the system.

18. The system (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that The generator (24) comprises a rotational link (40) rotatably coupling the input shaft to the float (10), the rotational link (40) comprising a damping coefficient of at least 0.016 Ns / m.

19. The system of claim 1, wherein, The generator (24) comprises a gearbox (38) having a multiplication factor of at least 30, and comprising a cogging torque of at least 10 mN.m.

20. The system of claim 19, wherein, The generator (24) comprises a cogging torque of 24 mN.m at the input shaft.

21. An autonomous floating analysis station comprising a system (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 20, the autonomous floating analysis station preferably comprising a water passage (20) closer to an immerseable end of the system (2) than the first arm (30) and the second arm (32) along a main axis (8) of the system (2).

22. The autonomous floating analysis station of claim 21, wherein, The system (2) comprises a communication module comprising an antenna (22) further from the immerseable end of the system (2) than the arms (30; 32) along a main axis (8) of the system (2). Method of pivotally serially engaging two arms (30; 32) to activate a generator (24) of a system (2) comprising a float (10) and an input shaft (26), the system (2) being configured to produce electrical energy with wave energy; the system (2) being according to any one of claims 1 to 20.

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