Woven / Knitted fabrics

Abstract

In order to provide a woven / knitted fabric with excellent non-clinginess, a woven / knitted fabric is manufactured in which the average standard deviation Sq of the surface roughness of at least one side of the woven / knitted fabric is 5 μm or more and 100 μm or less, and the ratio (Sqs / Sq) of the average standard deviation Sqs of the surface roughness of the one side to the average standard deviation Sq when the woven / knitted fabric is stretched by 10% is 0.85 or more and 2.00 or less.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to woven / knitted fabrics that offer excellent wearing comfort and have a natural style. Background Technology

[0002] Synthetic fibers, including polyester and polyamide, possess excellent mechanical properties and dimensional stability, making them widely used in both apparel and non-apparel applications. Furthermore, in today's diverse lifestyles and with increasing demands for a better quality of life, there is a need for fibers with superior tactile feel and functionality.

[0003] In the field of clothing textiles, there is a growing demand for superior wearing comfort. In particular, for underwear and shirts that come into contact with the skin, there is a need for good sweat absorption, quick-drying properties, good non-clinginess, and stretchability to follow the body's movements. Various technologies have been proposed to date.

[0004] In Patent Document 1, by making a knitted fabric using flat yarns with a flat cross-section, the surface area of ​​the fibers is increased, which can impart excellent water absorption and moisture evaporation.

[0005] In addition, in Patent Document 2, the adhesion of the fabric is reduced by increasing the surface roughness and improving the water retention rate of the fabric.

[0006] It should be noted that natural raw materials such as cotton, linen, wool, or washi paper have an uneven surface texture, a characteristic that makes them preferred for both clothing and non-clothing applications, and they have been used to this day. On the other hand, if synthetic fibers are used, the high uniformity of the fibers has been pointed out as a problem in achieving the uneven texture with a natural feel.

[0007] Existing technical documents

[0008] Patent documents

[0009] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2009-174067

[0010] Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2001-303408 Summary of the Invention

[0011] The problem that the invention aims to solve

[0012] However, the patent documents 1 and 2 do not necessarily claim to be sufficient in terms of comfort when wearing the garment, especially during exercise, and the fabric's non-clinginess when sweating. Further improvements are desired.

[0013] Furthermore, with the current high temperatures in summer, increased sweating leads to a tendency for sweat absorbed from the skin to easily transfer to the surface. Due to the increasing casualness of work attire, there are more opportunities to wear jackets directly over undershirts and T-shirts. In this situation, sweat seeps from undershirts into the jacket, resulting in noticeable sweat stains on the inside and outside of the jacket. While thickening the undershirt and improving its absorbency can mitigate this, further thickening may increase sweating or compromise comfort during exercise.

[0014] In view of the problems of the prior art described above, the present invention aims to solve the problem of improving the non-clinginess of fabrics during wear, especially addressing the issue of reduced effectiveness due to exercise. Furthermore, the invention also aims to reduce perspiration. In addition, the invention achieves a natural-looking surface texture through synthetic fibers, making it suitable for use in woven / knitted garments.

[0015] Methods for solving problems

[0016] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention comprises the following components.

[0017] (1) A woven / knitted fabric comprising C-section fibers, wherein the average standard deviation Sq of the surface roughness of at least one side of the woven / knitted fabric is 5 μm or more and 100 μm or less, and the ratio (Sqs / Sq) of the average standard deviation Sqs of the surface roughness of the one side to the average standard deviation Sq when the woven / knitted fabric is stretched by 10% is 0.85 or more and 2.00 or less.

[0018] (2) The woven / knitted fabric according to (1), wherein, in the aforementioned C-section fiber, the ratio (RB / RA) of the inscribed circle diameter RA to the circumscribed circle diameter RB of the aforementioned section is 1.2 or more and 5.0 or less.

[0019] (3) The woven / knitted fabric according to (1) or (2), wherein the aforementioned C-section fiber is a C-section fiber in which at least two different polymers are biased to the left and right.

[0020] (4) The woven / knitted fabric according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the woven / knitted fabric comprises at least one fabric selected from twill, multi-layer, rib and suede.

[0021] (5) The woven / knitted fabric according to any one of (1) to (4) comprises a water-absorbing polyester resin.

[0022] (6) The woven / knitted fabric according to any one of (1) to (5) has a water retention rate of 20% or more.

[0023] (7) The woven / knitted fabric according to any one of (1) to (6) has an exudation rate of less than 40%.

[0024] The effects of the invention

[0025] The woven / knitted fabrics of the present invention provide clothing with excellent comfort and appearance by reducing the adhesion of fabric to the skin and the seepage of sweat during wear. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the C-shaped cross-section fiber in this invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a previous composite fiber. Detailed Implementation

[0028] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail together with desired embodiments.

[0029] The average standard deviation Sq of the surface roughness of at least one side of the woven / knitted fabric of the present invention is 5 μm or more and 100 μm or less. This can be two sides of the woven / knitted fabric. The average standard deviation Sq of the surface roughness described herein refers to that calculated by the method described later. If Sq is less than 5 μm, the unevenness of the fabric surface disappears, reducing its non-clasp feel. Furthermore, the surface of the woven / knitted fabric becomes homogenized, compromising the natural raw material style appearance. In addition, if Sq is greater than 100 μm, the unevenness of the fabric surface is too great, resulting in a poor skin feel when worn and a rough garment. By setting Sq to 5 μm or more and 100 μm or less, a moderate unevenness and non-clasp feel on the fabric surface can be achieved, balancing skin feel when worn and non-clasp feel when sweating. Furthermore, a natural-style surface feel can be obtained. Furthermore, the reduced contact area with the skin also helps to suppress sweating and coldness caused by absorbent fabric. Preferably, it is 30 μm or more, more preferably 40 μm or more. As an upper limit, it is preferably 90 μm or less, and more preferably 80 μm or less.

[0030] Furthermore, the ratio of the average standard deviation Sqs of the surface roughness of at least one surface of the woven / knitted fabric of the present invention to the aforementioned Sq in the same surface as Sqs, Sqs / Sq, is 0.85 or more and 2.00 or less. The Sqs mentioned herein is calculated by the method described later.

[0031] An investigation was conducted into the reasons for the reduced non-fitting properties during exercise, confirming that the fabric surface texture decreases when the fabric stretches due to body movement. Furthermore, it was found that this reduced texture leads to a decrease in non-fitting properties, i.e., fabric clinging around the shoulders, back, and elbows. In other words, this problem can be solved by suppressing the reduction in fabric surface texture when the fabric stretches. Previous woven / knitted fabrics did not consider this size (Sqs), therefore, non-fitting properties, especially during exercise, were unsatisfactory. A Sqs of 5 μm or more and 200 μm or less is preferred for solving this problem. Setting it to 5 μm or more improves non-fitting properties. More preferably, it is 30 μm or more. Furthermore, setting it to 200 μm or less improves the skin feel when stretched. However, the relative value of Sqs, i.e., the ratio to the unstretched Sq, is a particularly important indicator for wearing comfort. If Sqs / Sq is less than 0.85, the fabric will adhere to the skin at stretching points due to movement, reducing wearing comfort. Conventional woven / knitted fabrics, even with surface irregularities, become smooth and uniform due to stretching; however, a Sqs / Sq below 0.85 significantly reduces wearing comfort. Furthermore, if Sqs / Sq is greater than 2.00, the stretching of the fabric results in excessive unevenness, causing a rough feel and further reducing comfort. By setting Sqs / Sq to 0.85 or higher and 2.00 or lower, wearing comfort during movement can be achieved. As a lower limit, 0.90 or higher is preferred, more preferably 0.95 or higher. As an upper limit, 1.70 or lower is preferred, more preferably 1.60 or lower.

[0032] As a method for setting Sq and Sqs / Sq within the aforementioned range, the structure of woven / knitted fabrics, yarn properties, etc., can be appropriately combined. For woven / knitted fabrics, structures such as twill weave, double weave, and other multiple weaves are preferred, while for knitted fabrics, rib knit, suede weave, etc., are structures that are easily set within the scope of this invention and are therefore preferred. Twill weave is a more preferable method in terms of both excellent productivity and ease of controlling surface roughness caused by fabric stretching. Furthermore, regarding the properties of the constituting yarn, for example, false-twist yarn, core-sheath composite cross-section fibers, and parallel-type composite yarns, when a flat cross-section shape is used, crimped yarns containing phase-consistent portions can be used. In particular, in this invention, flat yarns are preferred, and it is more preferable that at least 10% of the multifilament yarns are oriented in the same direction, making it easier to set Sqs / Sq within the aforementioned range in this invention. The term "orienting in the same direction" as used here refers to the fact that, in a cross-sectional image containing 20 or more flat yarns as multifilaments, when the angles formed by arbitrary reference lines of the 20 yarns and the major axis of the flat yarn cross-section are measured at 0 to 180 degrees, the number of flat yarns with an angle of 20 degrees or less is 10% or more. More preferably, the number of flat yarns with an angle of 10 degrees or less is 10% or more. Furthermore, "flat yarn" refers to yarns with an RB / RA ratio greater than 1, preferably 1.2 or more, as described later. Using parallel-type composite yarns with a flat cross-sectional shape makes it easier to obtain crimped yarns with consistent phase, which is a preferred method of the present invention. In this case, yarns with high flatness in the range of Sq and Sqs / Sq in the present invention can be twisted into a strip-like structure, increasing the texture of the fabric surface. Furthermore, when the fabric is stretched, the yarn bundles move in the thickness direction while twisting, so it is preferable to have Sq and Sqs / Sq in a more preferred range. It should be noted that if processing such as false twisting crimping is performed, there is a tendency for phase consistency to be difficult to achieve. False twist yarns exhibit a tendency to curl and disperse, resulting in a more uniform surface, but can be used as long as they meet the ranges of Sq and Sqs / Sq in this invention.

[0033] The stretch rate of the woven / knitted fabric of the present invention is preferably 10% or more, more preferably 20% or more, in terms of wearing comfort. Furthermore, in terms of excellent non-clinginess when worn, it is preferably 50% or less, more preferably 40% or less. The stretch rate in the present invention can be achieved using the methods described in the embodiments described later.

[0034] The woven / knitted fabrics of the present invention comprise C-section fibers. In the woven / knitted yarns, the C-section fibers preferably comprise 20% by weight or more, more preferably 90% by weight or more. For example, in the case of woven fabrics, as long as the range specified in the present invention is met, they can be used in at least a portion or all of the warp and weft yarns. They can be used only in the warp or only in the weft yarns, and preferably, at least a portion or all of the warp and weft yarns preferably use the aforementioned C-section fibers.

[0035] The C-section fiber in this invention refers to a yarn in which a portion of the wall of a hollow fiber is continuously open along the fiber axis, and the cross-sectional shape is approximately C-shaped (including cases where it is deformed and observed to be approximately V-shaped or approximately U-shaped). By including C-section yarn, the C-shaped openings can improve absorbency and keep the skin surface dry. As mentioned above, surface roughness is an important indicator for improving non-clamping properties, and the absorbency resulting from these openings is particularly excellent when sweating. The effects of this invention cannot be achieved with only one of these characteristics. Even if the surface roughness is within the range of this invention, the non-clamping properties are poor if the aforementioned openings are absent. Furthermore, even if the aforementioned openings are present, the non-clamping properties are also poor if the surface roughness is not within the range of this invention.

[0036] Furthermore, moisture absorbed on the skin side can be drawn into the hollow spaces within the fibers, thus inhibiting the transfer of sweat to outer clothing when layering clothes. This achieves a balance between a non-clamping fit and reduced sweat transfer.

[0037] In this invention, the C-shaped cross-section fiber is obtained from leached hollow fibers, which can suppress cross-sectional deformation during processing steps such as false twisting and twisting, and is therefore preferred. The leached hollow fiber described in this invention refers to a fiber having a core-sheath structure formed by a core component containing a readily soluble polymer and a sheath component containing a poorly soluble polymer. By removing the core component, a yarn with a C-shaped cross-section can be formed. Preferably, a portion of the core component in the fiber cross-section is exposed from the opening of the sheath component to the fiber surface, forming a yarn with a communicating portion extending from the fiber center to the fiber surface.

[0038] The width of the connecting portion (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as "connecting width") is preferably set to less than 10% of the fiber diameter. The fiber diameter is determined by embedding the composite fiber with an encapsulating agent such as epoxy resin, and then taking an image of the fiber cross-section perpendicular to the fiber axis using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at a magnification capable of observing 10 or more fibers. From each image taken, the diameter of a randomly selected fiber within the same image is measured to one decimal place in μm. Then, the simple mean of the result for 10 filaments is calculated, and the value obtained by rounding to one decimal place is recorded as the fiber diameter (μm). Here, if the fiber cross-section perpendicular to the fiber axis is not perfectly circular, its area is measured, and the diameter value calculated using a perfect circle conversion is used. The connecting width is determined by embedding the fiber with an encapsulating agent such as epoxy resin, and then taking an image of the fiber cross-section perpendicular to the fiber axis using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) at a magnification capable of observing 10 or more fibers. When the readily soluble polymer is connected from the fiber center to the fiber surface, analysis is performed using known analysis software capable of image measurement. If using... Figure 1 To explain, firstly, along a straight line S (e.g., parallel to the connecting portion and passing through the fiber center G)... Figure 1 (b) The width W of the connecting portion in the vertical direction of S (e.g.) Figure 1 (b) Among W), the shortest width is calculated in μm. Then, this is performed on 10 filaments, and the simple mean of the result is calculated, rounded to two decimal places. This value is recorded as the connectivity width. Furthermore, the connectivity width calculated for each filament is divided by the fiber diameter, multiplied by 100, and the simple mean of this result is calculated on 10 filaments. This value is rounded to the nearest decimal and recorded as the percentage (%) of the connectivity width relative to the fiber diameter.

[0039] If the connecting width is set to 10% or less of the fiber diameter, damage to the hollow portion caused by fiber interlocking and misalignment of the openings can be prevented without compromising water absorption and retention. Furthermore, if the connecting width is set to 5% or less of the fiber diameter, fibrillation due to fiber abrasion caused by openings formed after the dissolution of easily soluble polymers can be suppressed. Moreover, in the case of post-processing using functional agents, it is possible to prevent the functional agent entering the hollow portion from being shed due to washing, etc., significantly improving the wash durability of the functional agent, which is therefore preferable. In addition, it is also possible to prevent moisture retained after water absorption processing from seeping outwards. However, if the connecting width is too narrow, it is difficult to remove easily soluble polymers from the core; therefore, the practical lower limit of the connecting width is 1% of the fiber diameter.

[0040] C-section fibers can take any irregular cross-section shape, such as flat, multi-lobed, polygonal, gear-shaped, petal-shaped, or star-shaped. From the viewpoint of moderate non-clamping, flat or multi-lobed shapes are preferred. If made flat, the curl phase is easily consistent, and it is easy to control the surface roughness within the range of the present invention. Furthermore, if made multi-lobed, by imparting unevenness to the fiber surface, it is possible to improve the suppression of flickering caused by diffuse reflection of light, the water absorption and quick-drying properties generated by the fine gaps between fibers, and the fact that the unevenness catches the fingers when touched, thus providing a dry touch. However, if the number of uneven portions is too large, the spacing between the uneven portions becomes smaller, and the effect gradually diminishes. Therefore, the practical upper limit of the number of protrusions in the multi-lobed shape of the present invention is 20.

[0041] In the C-shaped cross-section fiber of this invention, the ratio of the inscribed circle diameter RA to the circumscribed circle diameter RB (RB / RA) is preferably 1.2 or more and 5.0 or less. Here, the inscribed circle diameter RA and the circumscribed circle diameter RB are determined by embedding the fiber with an embedding agent such as epoxy resin, and by taking images of the fiber cross-section in a direction perpendicular to the fiber axis using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at a magnification capable of observing fibers of 10 filaments or more. Fibers randomly selected from the same image are analyzed using image length analysis software. The ratio of the inscribed circle diameter RA to the circumscribed circle diameter RB at at least two points (e.g., at the fiber surface) is calculated. Figure 1 (a) is inscribed at points a1 and a2), exists only within the fiber, and has the largest diameter circle that can be taken within a range where the circumference of the inscribed circle does not intersect with the fiber surface (e.g., Figure 1 (a) The diameter of A) is calculated, and the simple mean of the result for 10 filaments is obtained. The value is rounded to the nearest decimal and denoted as the diameter of the inscribed circle RA. In addition, the diameter of the inscribed circle is calculated at at least 2 points (e.g., at the fiber surface). Figure 1 (a) is circumscribed at b1 and b2), existing only on the outside of the fiber, and has the smallest diameter circle that can be taken within the range where the circumference of the circumscribed circle does not intersect with the fiber surface (e.g. Figure 1 (a) The diameter of B) is calculated, and the simple mean of the result for 10 filaments is obtained. The value is rounded to the nearest decimal place and denoted as the circumcircle diameter RB. RB / RA is calculated by dividing the value of RB obtained from each of the above fibers by RA. The simple mean of the result for 10 filaments is obtained and rounded to the nearest decimal place and denoted as RB / RA.

[0042] By setting RB / RA to 1.2 or higher, the lack of fit due to surface unevenness is improved. More preferably, it is 1.5 or higher. Furthermore, by setting RB / RA to 5.0 or lower, scintillation and other defects caused by flatness can be suppressed, resulting in woven / knitted fabrics with excellent surface quality. More preferably, it is 4.0 or lower. The method of setting these values ​​in the present invention is not particularly limited; for example, it can be achieved by using a spinning spinneret described later.

[0043] It should be noted that the aforementioned readily soluble polymers refer to polymers that dissolve relatively quickly relative to the solvent used in the dissolution process, while poorly soluble polymers refer to polymers that dissolve slowly. Furthermore, the terms "dissolution" and "leaching" in this invention also include cases where the polymer decomposes and appears to dissolve.

[0044] From the viewpoint of excellent processability, the polymer constituting the C-section fiber in this invention is preferably a thermoplastic polymer, and preferably a polymer group and copolymers thereof, such as polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyamide, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyphenylene sulfide. In particular, from the viewpoint of imparting high interfacial affinity and obtaining fibers without composite cross-sectional anomalies, the thermoplastic polymers used in the composite fibers of this invention are preferably all from the same polymer group and copolymers thereof. Furthermore, various additives such as inorganic substances such as titanium dioxide, silica, and barium oxide, carbon black, colorants such as dyes and pigments, flame retardants, fluorescent whitening agents, antioxidants, or ultraviolet absorbers may also be included in the polymer.

[0045] As readily soluble polymers, suitable choices are polymers that are melt-molten and exhibit readily soluble properties compared to other components, such as polyesters and their copolymers, polylactic acid, polyamides, polystyrene and their copolymers, polyethylene, and polyvinyl alcohol. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of simplifying the dissolution process of readily soluble polymers, readily soluble polymers are preferably copolyesters, polylactic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, etc., which exhibit readily soluble properties in aqueous solvents or hot water. In particular, from the viewpoint that due to their crystallinity, they do not cause welding between composite fibers during false twisting processes such as rubbing under heat, and exhibit readily soluble properties in aqueous solvents such as alkaline solutions, thus exhibiting excellent high-level processing passability, polyesters copolymerized with 5 mol% to 15 mol% sodium isophthalate-5-sulfonate and polyesters copolymerized with polyethylene glycol of a weight average molecular weight of 500 to 3000 in the range of 5 wt% to 15 wt% in addition to sodium isophthalate-5-sulfonate are particularly preferred.

[0046] In this invention, the C-shaped cross-section fiber preferably contains at least two different polymers, predominantly on the left and right sides. There are no particular limitations as long as at least one of the following is different: chemical composition, presence or absence of copolymers, copolymerization ratio, position of copolymers such as random copolymers or block copolymers, chemical structure, weight-average or number-average molecular weight, melting point, etc. Polymers with different melting points are preferred in terms of ease of crimping. If the chemical composition is different, the melting point is usually also different, and multiple different items are possible. Predominantly on the left and right sides means, for example, in the case of two polymers, that in a straight line dividing the fiber cross-section into two equal areas through the fiber center, the fiber cross-sections on the left and right sides of the line are predominantly composed of different polymers. Preferably, there is a straight line in which the area ratio of the different polymers in the cross-sections is in the range of 100:0 to 70:30 in one fiber cross-section and 30:70 to 0:100 in the other fiber cross-section (e.g., a straight line). Figure 2 (b) Line I). That is, the area ratio of each polymer is preferably in the range of 70 / 30 to 30 / 70. If it is in this range, it is less susceptible to the texture hardening caused by the high shrinkage of a polymer during heat treatment, and the curled shape obtained due to the difference in shrinkage can be fully expressed.

[0047] The composite structure of the aforementioned composite fibers is not particularly limited. Besides side-by-side and island-type structures, core-sheath and blended structures are also possible examples. From the viewpoint of increasing the distance between the centers of gravity to improve crimp performance, a side-by-side bonding of poorly soluble polymers with different melting points is preferred. For example, a poorly soluble polymer on the lower melting point side and a poorly soluble polymer on the higher melting point side are positioned to the left and right. If the bonding is side-by-side, the interface between the poorly soluble polymers with different melting points is small, thus maximizing the distance between the centers of gravity of the polymers in the composite cross-section. This not only maximizes crimp performance but also imparts stretchability, resulting in stress-free wearing comfort from a moderately stretchable fabric. Examples of more suitable options include...

[0048] Examples of polymers include melt-formable thermoplastic polymers such as polyesters, polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polystyrene, polyamides, polycarbonates, polymethyl methacrylates, and polyphenylene sulfide, as well as their copolymers. When polymers have different melting points, the difference between the melting point of the highest-melting polymer and the melting point of the lowest-melting polymer in the combination is preferably 10°C or more, more preferably 20°C or more.

[0049] The main reason why the C-section fiber in this invention is preferably composed of at least two different polymers is that it exhibits a curled shape due to the difference in shrinkage. As a combination of different polymers, it is preferable that at least one is a low-melting-point polymer with high shrinkage, and the other at least one is a high-melting-point polymer with low shrinkage. From the viewpoint of suppressing peeling and thus imparting stability for subsequent processing, and imparting durability to the fabric, it is more preferable to select the polymer combination from the same group of polymers with the same bonds in the main chain, such as polyesters with ester bonds or polyamides with amide bonds. Examples of combinations within the same polymer group include, for example, polyester-based copolymers of polyethylene terephthalate / polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate / polyethylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate / polyethylene terephthalate, thermoplastic polyurethane / polyethylene terephthalate, polyester elastomer / polyethylene terephthalate, polyester elastomer / polybutylene terephthalate, polyamide-based nylon 66 / nylon 610, nylon 6-nylon 66 copolymer / nylon 6 or 610, PEG copolymer of nylon 6 / nylon 6 or 610, thermoplastic polyurethane / nylon 6 or 610, polyolefin-based ethylene-propylene rubber microdispersed polypropylene / polypropylene, propylene-α-olefin copolymer / polypropylene, etc., and various combinations can be cited as examples. From the viewpoint that high bending rigidity suppresses the rupture of hollow parts inside the fiber and provides good color development during dyeing, combinations of poorly soluble polymers with different melting points are more preferably polyester-based. Furthermore, examples of copolymer components in the copolymerized polyethylene terephthalate include succinic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, maleic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and sodium isophthalate-5-sulfonate. From the viewpoint of maximizing the shrinkage difference with polyethylene terephthalate, it is preferable to prepare a polyethylene terephthalate copolymerized with 5 to 15 mol% isophthalic acid.

[0050] From the viewpoint of making the texture softer, the C-section fiber in this invention preferably has a fiber diameter of 20 μm or less. If it is within this range, in addition to softness, sufficient resilience is also achieved, making it suitable for clothing applications such as trousers and shirts that require a resilient texture. If the fiber diameter is 15 μm or less, softness increases, and the curl pattern exhibited through heat treatment becomes finer. The unevenness caused by the curling when touched by hand also provides a dry feel, thus making it suitable for clothing applications such as underwear and shirts that come into contact with the skin. To maintain bend recovery and achieve a moderate resilience while obtaining excellent colorfastness, the fiber diameter is preferably 8 μm or more.

[0051] To further improve the non-clinginess of the woven / knitted fabrics of the present invention, it is preferable to include a water-absorbing resin and hydrophilic groups. These woven / knitted fabrics containing water-absorbing resins and hydrophilic groups can generally be obtained through a water-absorbing process. Examples of this water-absorbing process include alkali reduction processing of polyester, water-absorbing polyester resins such as polyethylene glycol and polyester-polyalkylene glycol copolymers, and adhesion processing of hydrophilic processing agents such as cellulose and hydrophilic silicone to the fibers. The inclusion of a water-absorbing polyester resin in the woven / knitted fabrics of the present invention is preferred in terms of high water absorption and high wash durability. Furthermore, the method for the water-absorbing process of the woven / knitted fabric is not particularly limited; any general dyeing equipment for processing woven or circular knitted fabrics can be used. This water-absorbing process can be performed simultaneously with dyeing during the dyeing step or after dyeing, and can be applied to the woven / knitted fabric by padding during the finishing stage or the like. It should be noted that the knitted fabrics of the present invention can be further processed with various functions, including conventionally known processes such as stain-resistant processing, deodorizing processing, antibacterial processing, bacteriostatic processing, UV shielding processing, friction melting processing, electrostatic processing, and skin care processing.

[0052] Furthermore, the woven / knitted fabric of the present invention preferably has a water retention rate of 20% or more, more preferably 40% or more. Additionally, the practical upper limit of the water retention rate is approximately 80%. By setting the water retention rate to 20% or more, the fabric sufficiently absorbs sweat, thus inhibiting the transfer of sweat to outer clothing. The method for setting the water retention rate within the above range is not particularly limited; for example, to create a structure with adequate moisture-absorbing pores in the fabric, various methods can be employed, such as using crimped yarns, or using multi-layered weaves, suede weaves, or other structures that thicken the fabric. It should be noted that the water retention rate in the present invention can be measured by the method described later.

[0053] Furthermore, the woven / knitted fabric of the present invention preferably has an exudation rate of 40% or less, more preferably 35% or less. The practical lower limit of the exudation rate is about 5%. By using the exudation rate evaluation method described later, the actual degree of moisture transfer to outerwear is highly reproduced, and by setting the exudation rate to 40% or less, the transfer of moisture to outerwear can be further suppressed. The method of setting the exudation rate to the above range is not particularly limited; for example, by appropriately adjusting the amount of C-section fibers in the present invention, moisture can be retained in the hollow portion inside the yarn, thereby setting it to the above range.

[0054] Next, a preferred method for manufacturing the woven / knitted fabric of the present invention will be described.

[0055] The method for manufacturing the C-section fibers in this invention is not particularly limited, and can be achieved through melt spinning, wet spinning, and dry-wet spinning, etc., methods aimed at producing long fibers. From the viewpoint of improving productivity, melt spinning is suitable. Furthermore, in melt spinning, a composite spinneret (described later) can also be used, and the spinning temperature is set to the temperature at which the polymer used exhibits fluidity, primarily for high-melting-point, high-viscosity polymers. This fluidity-indicating temperature varies depending on the molecular weight; if it is set between the polymer's melting point and melting point +60°C, stable manufacturing is possible.

[0056] The spinning speed can be set to approximately 500–6000 m / min, and can be varied depending on the polymer properties and the intended use of the fiber. Specifically, from the viewpoint of achieving high orientation and improving mechanical properties, a speed of 500–4000 m / min is preferred, as subsequent stretching promotes uniaxial fiber orientation. During stretching, the preheating temperature is preferably set appropriately, based on the softening temperature of the polymer, such as its glass transition temperature. The upper limit of the preheating temperature is preferably set to a temperature that prevents yarn path disruption due to spontaneous fiber stretching during preheating. For example, in the case of PET with a glass transition temperature around 70°C, this preheating temperature is typically set to around 80–95°C.

[0057] Furthermore, if the ejection rate per orifice in the spinneret of the C-section fiber of the present invention is set to approximately 0.1 to 10 g / min·orifice, stable manufacturing is possible. After the ejected polymer stream cools and solidifies, it is coated with an oil and drawn by a roller at a predetermined circumferential speed. Subsequently, it is stretched by a heated roller to obtain the desired fiber.

[0058] As a composite spinneret used in manufacturing C-section fibers containing two or more polymers, it is suitable to use, for example, the composite spinneret described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2011-208313. This composite spinneret is incorporated into a spinning kit in a state where approximately three components—a metering plate, a distribution plate, and an ejection plate—are stacked from above, and is used for spinning.

[0059] The woven / knitted fabric of the present invention can be obtained by using the aforementioned C-section fibers, woven / knitted using conventionally known methods, and then dyed. As a method for manufacturing the woven / knitted fabric of the present invention, an example of dyeing processing in a woven / knitted fabric containing C-section fibers with two different polymers present on the left and right sides is shown below. First, the woven / knitted fabric is refined as needed and subjected to a wet heat treatment, whereby the difference in thermal shrinkage rates of the two polymers causes curling in the fibers. This wet heat treatment can be performed using a liquid flow dyeing machine or the like. The temperature and time should be set to a level that amplifies the potential shrinkage rate of the contained polymers; the higher the treatment temperature and the longer the treatment time, the greater the potential shrinkage rate of the polymers, resulting in micro-curling. After this wet heat treatment, before the readily soluble polymer used to make the C-section fibers dissolves, it is preferable to perform an intermediate setting. By performing this intermediate setting, the elongation of the resulting woven / knitted fabric can be controlled. The intermediate setting can be performed using equipment such as a tenter frame; by appropriately changing the tension, temperature, and width, the surface condition and elongation of the woven / knitted fabric can be controlled. Increasing the tension stretches the fabric, thus reducing the elongation rate, but it tends to increase wrinkles and improve surface finish. Conversely, increasing the processing temperature improves shape retention, but also increases thermal shrinkage of the fabric, thus tending to reduce the elongation rate. Therefore, it is sufficient to appropriately control the elongation rate to achieve the desired result.

[0060] Subsequently, as needed, the readily soluble polymer used to make C-section fibers is dissolved, thereby obtaining a C-section shape. The dissolution of the readily soluble polymer can be carried out using a liquid dyeing machine, for example, in a liquid capable of dissolving readily soluble polymers, such as an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide.

[0061] Furthermore, the woven / knitted fabrics of the present invention can be dyed, functionally processed, and finished. Even after these post-processing steps, the woven / knitted fabrics of the present invention retain the curl generated by the wet heat treatment, thus imparting stretchability to the woven / knitted fabrics.

[0062] The woven / knitted fabric of this invention reduces the adhesion of the fabric to the skin during wear and reduces the seepage of sweat into the outer garment, thereby providing excellent wearing comfort and appearance. Therefore, it is suitable for use in general clothing such as coats, skirts, pants, and underwear, as well as sportswear and clothing materials.

[0063] Example

[0064] The following examples provide a detailed description of the woven / knitted fabrics of the present invention. Evaluations A through H are conducted for both the examples and comparative examples.

[0065] A. Melting point

[0066] Fibers and a portion thereof, collected from small flakes of polymer or woven / knitted fabrics, are dried in a vacuum dryer to a moisture content below 200 ppm. Approximately 5 mg is weighed and subjected to DSC measurement using a TA Instruments Q2000 differential scanning calorimeter, heated from 0°C to 300°C at a rate of 16°C / min, and held at 300°C for 5 minutes. The melting point is calculated from the melting peak observed during the heating process. The measurement is performed three times for each sample, and the average value is recorded as the melting point. It should be noted that in cases where multiple melting peaks are observed, the highest melting peak is recorded as the melting point.

[0067] B. Fineness

[0068] Measure the weight of 10cm of fiber collected from raw yarn or woven / knitted fabric before weaving / knitting, and calculate the value by multiplying it by 100,000. Repeat this process 10 times, and round the average value to the second decimal place. Record the result as fineness (dtex).

[0069] C. Mean standard deviation of surface roughness (Sq)

[0070] The woven / knitted fabric is fixed on a flat surface without any applied weight. Using a KEYENCE VR-3200 oneshot 3D shape measuring machine, the position is changed 10 times under the following conditions, and the standard deviation of the surface roughness is measured. The average value is recorded as the mean standard deviation Sq.

[0071] Multiplier: 12x

[0072] Measurement area: The entire area (18cm vertically × 24cm horizontally)

[0073] Correction: Surface shape correction, undulation removal, correction intensity = 5

[0074] Filter type: Gaussian

[0075] S-filter: None

[0076] F-Operation: None

[0077] L-filter: None.

[0078] D. The average standard deviation (Sqs) of the surface roughness of the fabric when stretched by 10%.

[0079] The woven / knitted fabric was fixed on a flat plate with the C-section fibers stretched by 10% in the yarn direction. Using a KEYENCE VR-3200 oneshot 3D shape measuring machine, the standard deviation of surface roughness was measured 10 times under the following conditions, with the position changed. The average value is denoted as Sqs. It should be noted that the yarn direction of the C-section fibers refers to the warp (weft) direction when the woven fabric is contained only in the warp (weft) yarns; when it is contained in both warp and weft yarns, it refers to the direction with the greater stretch. In the case of warp-knitted fabrics, it refers to the longitudinal direction (the direction of the longitudinal arrangement of loops); in the case of weft-knitted fabrics, it refers to the transverse direction (the direction of the transverse arrangement of loops). Furthermore, the stress when stretching the woven / knitted fabric was set to 4.0 N / cm or less. The Sqs of woven / knitted fabric that was not stretched by 10% under a stress of 4.0 N / cm was recorded as unmeasurable.

[0080] Multiplier: 12x

[0081] Measurement area: The entire area (18cm vertically × 24cm horizontally)

[0082] Correction: Surface shape correction, undulation removal, correction intensity = 5

[0083] Filter type: Gaussian

[0084] S-filter: None

[0085] F-Operation: None

[0086] L-filter: None.

[0087] E. Water retention rate, leakage rate

[0088] The water retention rate and leakage rate are calculated using the following methods.

[0089] (1) Cut the woven / knitted fabric (test piece) that has been placed in an environment of 20℃ and 65%RH for 24 hours into a size of 10cm×10cm, and prepare 2 sheets of filter paper of the same size and 3 sheets of non-absorbent membrane.

[0090] (2) Measure the weight of the membrane (W0) and the weight of the test piece (W1).

[0091] (3) Use a syringe to place 0.3cc of distilled water on the membrane, and place the test piece on the water droplet with the surface facing up and the back facing the water droplet.

[0092] (4) After 5 seconds, immediately measure the weight of the test piece (W2).

[0093] (5) Measure the weight of the membrane after water absorption (W3).

[0094] (6) Measure the weight of the two filter papers before water absorption (w1, w3).

[0095] (7) The test piece was clamped from the front and back with filter paper whose weight had been measured, and clamped with the remaining two sheets of membrane that were not used in (3) above.

[0096] (8) The pressure of the test piece reaches 5 g / cm. 2 The load was applied in a manner that allowed the filter paper to stand for 1 minute, and the weight of the filter paper on the surface and back was immediately measured (w2 (corresponding to w1 in (6) above) and w4 (corresponding to w3 in (6) above)).

[0097] (9) Calculate the water retention rate (%) and the leakage rate (%) using the following formulas, and record the average value of 10 times as the water retention rate (%) and the leakage rate (%).

[0098] Water absorption rate (%) = 100 × (W2 - W1) / ((W3 - W0) + (W2 - W1))

[0099] Total permeation rate (%) = 100 × ((w2-w1) + (w4-w3)) / ((W3-W0) + (W2-W1))

[0100] Water retention rate (%) = Water absorption rate (%) - Total permeation rate (%)

[0101] Permeation rate (%) = 100 × 1 / 2 × ((w2-w1) + (w4-w3)) / (W2-W1).

[0102] F. Wearing experience (non-clinginess, ease of movement, sweat transfer, natural style and appearance)

[0103] Shirts of the same shape were made from woven / knitted fabrics. The appearance of the shirts, worn on bare skin and over a grey jacket, was sensorily evaluated according to the following criteria. Subsequently, participants walked for 20 minutes on a treadmill at 5 km / h in an environment of 27°C and 75% RH. The shirts' non-clamping properties, ease of movement, and sweat transfer to the jacket were judged according to the following criteria, both at rest and during activity. This wearing evaluation was conducted on 10 randomly selected participants, and their average scores were used to evaluate non-clamping properties, ease of movement, and sweat transfer.

[0104] Natural style appearance: Natural style appearance = 0, Non-natural style appearance = ×

[0105] Non-fitting characteristics at rest and during movement: Excellent = ◎, Slightly excellent = 0, Poor = ×

[0106] Activity ease: Excellent = ◎, Slightly excellent = 0, Poor = ×

[0107] Sweat transfer: less = 0, more = ×.

[0108] G. Fiber diameter

[0109] Composite fibers are embedded in an encapsulating agent such as epoxy resin. Images of the fiber cross-section perpendicular to the fiber axis are captured using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at a magnification capable of observing fibers of 10 filaments or more. The diameter of randomly selected fibers within the same image is measured in μm to one decimal place. The simple mean of this result for 10 filaments is calculated, and the value rounded to the first decimal place is recorded as the fiber diameter (μm). If the fiber cross-section perpendicular to the fiber axis is not perfectly circular, its area is measured, and the value is converted to a perfect circle.

[0110] H. Elongation

[0111] According to JISL1096(2010)8.16.1A, the elongation when woven / knitted fabric is stretched in the yarn direction of fibers with an approximately C-shaped cross section is determined.

[0112] [Example 1]

[0113] Polymer 1 was prepared by copolymerizing 8 mol% sodium isophthalate-5-sulfonate and 9 wt% polyethylene glycol (SSIA-PEG copolymer PET, melt viscosity: 100 Pa·s, melting point: 233 °C). Polymer 2 was prepared by copolymerizing 7 mol% isophthalic acid (IPA copolymer PET, melt viscosity: 140 Pa·s, melting point: 232 °C). Polymer 3 was prepared by copolymerizing polyethylene terephthalate (PET, melt viscosity: 130 Pa·s, melting point: 254 °C).

[0114] After melting these polymers separately at 290°C, polymer 1 / polymer 2 / polymer 3 are metered in a weight ratio of 20 / 40 / 40 and sprayed into the polymer through the nozzle to form... Figure 1 (a) shows a flat composite fiber, which is the innermost layer and the connecting part from the fiber center to the fiber surface. Figure 1 (a) in x) polymer 1 is configured, in the outermost layer ( Figure 1 (a) The y and z) polymers 2 and 3 are bonded together to form a parallel composite structure.

[0115] After the sprayed composite polymer stream is cooled and solidified, an oiling agent is applied, and the filament is wound at a spinning speed of 1500 m / min. The filament is then stretched between rollers heated to 90°C and 130°C, thereby producing a composite fiber of 56 dtex-36 filaments (fiber diameter 12 μm).

[0116] The ratio of the inscribed circle diameter RA to the circumscribed circle diameter RB of the resulting composite fiber is 1.8. Furthermore, the connectivity width was confirmed to be 0.5 μm, representing 4% of the fiber diameter of 12 μm.

[0117] The resulting composite fibers were combined into two strands and twisted at 300T / M in the S direction. This twisted yarn was used as the warp and weft yarns. A water jet loom was used to obtain a 2 / 2 twill woven fabric with a warp density of 135 ends / 2.54cm and a weft density of 80 ends / 2.54cm.

[0118] The resulting woven fabric was continuously refined, subjected to a wet heat relaxation process at 130°C for 30 minutes using a liquid dyeing machine, followed by an intermediate setting at 180°C for 1 minute with a stretching rate of 1%. Then, it was heated to 100°C using a 1% by weight sodium hydroxide aqueous solution in a liquid dyeing machine to remove polymer 1 (weight loss rate 22%). Subsequently, during normal dyeing, a water-absorbing process was performed using a polyester polyalkylene glycol copolymer resin (Matsumoto Yushi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. TM-SS21) with 5% owf, followed by normal finishing, resulting in a woven fabric with a warp density of 180 ends / 2.54 cm and a weft density of 105 ends / 2.54 cm. The evaluation results of the obtained woven fabric are shown in Table 1. It should be noted that more than 10% of the multifilament yarns in the obtained woven fabric are oriented in the same direction.

[0119] [Example 2]

[0120] Two 56 dtex-36 filament (fiber diameter 12 μm) composite fibers described in Example 1 were pulled together and knitted using a circular knitting machine to obtain a suede-like fabric with 42 warp loops / 2.54 cm and 40 weft loops / 2.54 cm. Subsequently, the fabric was processed using the processing method described in Example 1 to obtain another suede-like fabric with 42 warp loops / 2.54 cm and 45 weft loops / 2.54 cm. The evaluation results of the obtained knitted fabric are shown in Table 1. It should be noted that more than 10% of the multifilament yarns in the obtained knitted fabric are oriented in the same direction.

[0121] [Example 3]

[0122] The composite fibers from Example 1 were false-twisted at a ratio of 1.05 to produce 53 dtex-36 filaments (fiber diameter 12 μm, connecting width 0.6 μm). Two yarns were combined and used. Otherwise, using the same method as in Example 1, a woven fabric with a warp density of 178 yarns / 2.54 cm and a weft density of 103 yarns / 2.54 cm was obtained. The evaluation results of the obtained woven fabric are shown in Table 1. It should be noted that less than 10% of the multifilaments in the obtained woven fabric are oriented in the same direction.

[0123] [Example 4]

[0124] Using only the tasil yarn (120 dtex - 72 filaments) from Example 1, which is used for both the core and sheath yarns, a woven fabric with a warp density of 175 ends / 2.54 cm and a weft density of 102 ends / 2.54 cm was obtained by the same method as in Example 1. The evaluation results of the obtained woven fabric are shown in Table 1. It should be noted that more than 10% of the multifilament yarns in the obtained woven fabric are oriented in the same direction.

[0125] [Example 5]

[0126] Made Figure 1 (c) shows a composite fiber with a cross-section as indicated (fiber diameter 12 μm, interconnection width 0.5 μm). Except for this, a woven fabric with a warp density of 180 ends / 2.54 cm and a weft density of 105 ends / 2.54 cm was obtained using the same method as in Example 1. The evaluation results of the obtained woven fabric are shown in Table 1. It should be noted that less than 10% of the multifilaments in the obtained woven fabric are oriented in the same direction.

[0127] [Comparative Example 1]

[0128] Using polymers 2 and 3 from Example 1 Figure 2 (a) shows a cross-section of composite fibers (56 dtex-36 filaments, fiber diameter 12 μm), and the weave structure is set to plain weave. Except for this, a woven fabric with a warp density of 160 ends / 2.54 cm and a weft density of 95 ends / 2.54 cm was obtained using the same method as in Example 1. The evaluation results of the obtained woven fabric are shown in Table 1. It exhibits poor fit, poor water retention, and significant transfer of sweat to the outer garment after exercise. Furthermore, it does not have a natural look. It should be noted that more than 10% of the multifilament yarns in the obtained woven fabric are oriented in the same direction.

[0129] [Comparative Example 2]

[0130] Using polymers 2 and 3 from Example 1 Figure 2 (b) shows the cross-section of the composite fiber (56 dtex-36 filaments, fiber diameter 12 μm). Except for this, a woven fabric with a warp density of 160 ends / 2.54 cm and a weft density of 95 ends / 2.54 cm was obtained using the same method as Comparative Example 1. The evaluation results of the obtained woven fabric are shown in Table 1. It exhibits poor fit, poor water retention, and significant transfer of sweat to the outer garment after exercise. Furthermore, it does not have a natural look. It should be noted that less than 10% of the multifilaments in the obtained woven fabric are oriented in the same direction.

[0131] [Comparative Example 3]

[0132] Polymer 3 was used instead of polymer 2, and otherwise, a woven fabric with a warp density of 158 ends / 2.54 cm and a weft density of 95 ends / 2.54 cm was obtained using the same method as in Example 5. The evaluation results of the obtained woven fabric are shown in Table 1. The fabric has poor stretchability, poor fit, and poor ease of movement. Furthermore, it does not have a natural look. It should be noted that less than 10% of the multifilaments in the obtained woven fabric are oriented in the same direction.

[0133] [Comparative Example 4]

[0134] The composite fiber of Comparative Example 3 was false-twisted using the same method as in Example 3 to produce a 53 dtex-36 filament (fiber diameter 12 μm, connecting width 0.6 μm) yarn. Two yarns were combined for use. Otherwise, using the same method as in Example 1, a woven fabric with a warp density of 163 yarns / 2.54 cm and a weft density of 99 yarns / 2.54 cm was obtained. The evaluation results of the obtained woven fabric are shown in Table 1. Due to fabric stretching, the surface texture of the fabric was reduced, resulting in poor fit. Furthermore, it did not have a natural look. It should be noted that less than 10% of the multifilaments in the obtained woven fabric were oriented in the same direction.

[0135] [Comparative Example 5]

[0136] Using polymers 2 and 3 from Example 1 Figure 2 (c) shows the cross-section of the composite fiber (56 dtex-36 filaments, fiber diameter 12 μm). Except for this, a woven fabric with a warp density of 180 ends / 2.54 cm and a weft density of 105 ends / 2.54 cm was obtained using the same method as in Example 1. The evaluation results of the obtained woven fabric are shown in Table 1. It exhibits low absorbency, poor body-hugging properties, and significant transfer of sweat to outerwear after exercise. It should be noted that more than 10% of the multifilament yarns in the obtained woven fabric are oriented in the same direction.

[0137] [Comparative Example 6]

[0138] Using the same composite fiber as in Example 5, and with the weave structure set to plain weave, a woven fabric with a warp density of 160 ends / 2.54 cm and a weft density of 95 ends / 2.54 cm was obtained using the same method as in Example 1. The evaluation results of the obtained woven fabric are shown in Table 1. Uneven wrinkles were produced, with a large size (Sq), but the fabric stretching resulted in reduced texture and poor fit. It should be noted that less than 10% of the multifilaments in the obtained woven fabric were oriented in the same direction.

[0139] Industrial applicability

[0140] The woven / knitted fabrics of this invention reduce fabric adhesion to the skin during wear and reduce sweat seepage into outerwear, resulting in superior comfort and appearance. Furthermore, they possess a natural, stylish look, making them suitable for use in general clothing such as coats, skirts, trousers, and underwear, as well as sportswear and clothing materials.

[0141] [Table 1]

[0142]

[0143] Marker description

[0144] x: Easily soluble polymer

[0145] y: Poorly soluble polymers on the low melting point side

[0146] z: Poorly soluble polymers on the high melting point side

[0147] a1, 2: Intersection of fiber surface and inscribed circle

[0148] b1, 2: Intersection of fiber surface and circumcircle

[0149] A: A circle that is internally tangent to the fiber surface at at least two points, exists only within the fiber, and has the largest diameter that can be taken within a range where the circumference of the inscribed circle does not intersect with the fiber surface.

[0150] B: A circle that is circumscribed at at least two points to the fiber surface, exists only on the outside of the fiber, and has the smallest diameter that can be taken within a range where the circumference of the circumscribed circle does not intersect with the fiber surface.

[0151] G: Fiber center

[0152] I: A straight line that divides the fiber cross-section into two equal parts through the fiber center, with the line as the boundary, such that the area ratio of the sparingly soluble polymer on the high-melting-point side to the sparingly soluble polymer on the low-melting-point side of the fiber cross-section is 100:0 to 70:30 in one fiber cross-section and 30:70 to 0:100 in the other fiber cross-section. S: A straight line passing through the fiber center G and parallel to the connecting portion.

[0153] W: Width of the connected portion in the direction perpendicular to line S.

Claims

1. A woven / knitted fabric comprising C-section fibers, wherein the average standard deviation Sq of the surface roughness of at least one side of the woven / knitted fabric is 5 μm or more and 100 μm or less, and the ratio of the average standard deviation Sqs of the surface roughness of that side to the average standard deviation Sq when the woven / knitted fabric is stretched by 10%, i.e., Sqs / Sq, is 0.85 or more and 2.00 or less; In the aforementioned C-shaped cross-section fiber, the ratio of the circumscribed circle diameter RB to the inscribed circle diameter RA, i.e., RB / RA, is 1.2 or more and 5.0 or less; The aforementioned C-shaped cross-section fiber is a multifilament, and more than 10% of the yarns of the multifilament are oriented in the same direction; In woven / knitted yarns, C-section fibers account for more than 20% by weight.

2. The woven / knitted fabric according to claim 1, wherein, The aforementioned C-shaped cross-section fiber is a C-shaped cross-section fiber that exists with at least two different polymers biased to the left and right.

3. The woven / knitted fabric according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The aforementioned woven / knitted fabrics include at least one weave selected from twill, multi-layer, rib, and deerskin weave.

4. The woven / knitted fabric according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a water-absorbing polyester resin.

5. The woven / knitted fabric according to claim 1 or 2 has a water retention rate of 20% or more.

6. The woven / knitted fabric according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the leakage rate is less than 40%.

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