A guide post set for reducing pressure drop of an anode system in aluminum electrolysis

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of electrolytic aluminum anode technology, and specifically relates to a guide rod assembly for reducing the voltage drop of the anode system in aluminum electrolysis. The assembly includes an anode carbon block and a guide rod. A base plate is fixed to the bottom end of the guide rod. The base plate and the anode carbon block are connected by a connecting device, which includes a conductive rod and a sleeve. The sleeve has a conical hole penetrating the upper and lower end faces. The conductive rod includes an integrally connected screw section and a conical head. The outer diameter of the conical head is larger than the inner diameter of the conical hole. Two sets of connecting holes are symmetrically arranged on the upper ends of the anode carbon blocks on both sides of the guide rod. The base plate has through holes corresponding to the connecting holes. The sleeve is fitted onto the conical head and integrally placed within the connecting holes. After the screw section extends out of the through hole, it is locked by a nut, thereby causing the conical head to rise and expand, allowing the sleeve to fit tightly against the connecting hole. This invention reduces the power consumption per ton of aluminum by shortening the path of current entering the anode claw, thereby reducing the iron content in the molten aluminum and improving the quality of primary aluminum.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of electrolytic aluminum anode technology, and in particular relates to a guide rod assembly for reducing the voltage drop of the anode system in aluminum electrolysis. Background Technology

[0002] The electrolytic aluminum industry is a high-energy-consuming sector. In recent years, with the continuous expansion of electrolytic aluminum plants and the commissioning of new production lines, the power supply has become increasingly strained. In accordance with the national dual-control policy, the comprehensive AC power consumption of molten aluminum needs to reach 13,300 kWh / ton of aluminum by 2025. To reduce power consumption per ton of aluminum, electrolytic aluminum enterprises have achieved significant results through the application of energy-saving technologies, energy-saving technological upgrades, and investment in energy-saving projects.

[0003] The formula for calculating the energy efficiency per ton of aluminum is: W = 2980 × Vflat / η;

[0004] In the formula: W is the DC power consumption of aluminum liquid (kWh / tAl); Vflat is the average voltage of the electrolytic cell (V); η is the current efficiency (%).

[0005] When the current efficiency is 92% and the average cell voltage is 4.0V, for every 10mV reduction in voltage drop, the DC power consumption per ton of aluminum is reduced by 31.4kWh.

[0006] The average voltage of the cell is composed of the cell operating voltage, the effect-shared voltage, and the series line voltage (black voltage). The cell operating voltage is composed of the decomposition voltage drop, anode voltage drop, electrolyte voltage drop, cathode voltage drop, and bus voltage drop. The anode system voltage drop is mainly composed of the conductor group voltage drop, clamp voltage drop, steel claw voltage drop, iron-carbon voltage drop, and anode self-voltage drop.

[0007] In existing prebaked anode electrolytic aluminum production, the anode steel claws and anode carbon blocks are all connected by casting with phosphorus pig iron. There are 2 to 4 circular grooves with a diameter of 160 to 180 mm and a depth of 80 to 110 mm on the upper surface of the prebaked anode carbon block in the conductive direction. These are commonly known as carbon bowls. During anode assembly, the carbon bowls are used to hold the anode steel claws. The anode steel claws are cast into the carbon bowls with phosphorus pig iron. The steel claws and aluminum conductive rods are connected by aluminum-steel explosive welding. In this way, the anode conductive rods and anode carbon blocks are integrated into one unit to form the anode carbon block assembly.

[0008] Current Status of Anode Claws: Anode claws are an important connecting structure between the guide rod and the carbon block in electrolytic aluminum anodes. They are a structural and functional material that requires both good electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. On the one hand, anode claws need to withstand the strong current flowing into the electrolytic cell during aluminum electrolysis. The average current passing through each claw is about 15 kA (double anode), and 7.9 kA for a single anode. Therefore, anode claws are required to have good electrical conductivity. On the other hand, anode claws connect the aluminum guide rod and the anode carbon block. Since each new anode weighs 700-1000 kg, anode claws are required to have certain strength and dimensional stability.

[0009] The anode steel claw is an important connecting structure between the guide rod and the carbon block in the electrolytic aluminum anode. It is a structural and functional integrated material that requires both good electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. In the production of electrolytic aluminum, the measured average voltage drop of the steel claw and its accessories is approximately: 163mV for a single anode and 230.8mV for a double anode.

[0010] The reason is:

[0011] 1) The resistivity of the current anode steel claw material is as high as 0.25~0.41μΩ·m.

[0012] 2) The composition of phosphorus pig iron is unstable, resulting in high electrical resistance.

[0013] 3) Problems such as the steel claw feet not being cleaned, resulting in a large amount of iron oxide on their surface; the carbon bowl not being cleaned properly, resulting in a large amount of oxidation on the iron-carbon contact surface, lead to a large casting resistance of phosphorus pig iron.

[0014] 4) At high temperatures of 350-900℃, the steel claws of aluminum electrolytic anodes are easily corroded by electrolytes, electrode feed, air and electrolytic flue gas. Corrosion of the steel claws not only shortens their service life, but the corrosion products formed after corrosion will enter the electrolyte, affecting the quality of the original aluminum and the distribution of current.

[0015] Steel claw repair: From a production perspective, unreasonable steel claw casting processes can easily lead to defects such as shrinkage cavities, porosity, and inclusions inside the steel claws, reducing their effective conductive area and increasing their resistance. Furthermore, existing anode steel claws have low strength, with a deformation and damage rate as high as 20%–35% during electrolytic aluminum production. Repairing them significantly increases labor costs and workload.

[0016] Assembly of anode carbon block guide rod assembly: The steel claws, guide rods and anode carbon blocks that have been cast and processed need to be assembled in the anode assembly process. The anode and steel claw guide rod assembly are cast into one anode guide rod assembly using high-temperature molten phosphorus pig iron. The residual electrodes after use in the aluminum electrolysis cell are returned to the assembly for multiple processes such as residual electrode pressing and iron ring pressing. Summary of the Invention

[0017] To address the technical problems existing in the background art, this invention provides a guide rod assembly for reducing the voltage drop of the anode system in aluminum electrolysis, thereby reducing the voltage drop of the anode system; shortening the path of current entering the anode claw and reducing resistance; uniformly distributing the current density of the anode carbon block, thereby reducing the power consumption per ton of aluminum; eliminating the anode assembly process (phosphorus pig iron melting process, casting process, iron ring pressing and removal process); eliminating the steel claw repair process, improving labor productivity; improving the quality of aluminum liquid, reducing the iron content of aluminum liquid, and improving the grade rate of aluminum liquid; reducing the anode unit consumption and extending the anode replacement cycle; it is fixed stably and firmly, and is convenient to disassemble and assemble, and easy to operate.

[0018] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0019] A guide rod assembly for reducing the voltage drop of the anode system in aluminum electrolysis includes an anode carbon block and a guide rod. A base plate is fixed to the bottom end of the guide rod. The base plate and the anode carbon block are connected by a connecting device, which includes a conductive rod and a sleeve. A conical hole penetrating the upper and lower end faces is provided in the sleeve. The conductive rod includes an integrally connected screw section and a conical head. The outer diameter of the conical head is larger than the inner diameter of the conical hole. Two sets of connecting holes are symmetrically arranged on the upper ends of the anode carbon blocks on both sides of the guide rod. A through hole corresponding to the connecting hole is provided on the base plate. The sleeve is sleeved on the conical head and integrally set in the connecting hole. After the screw section extends out of the through hole, it is locked by a nut, thereby causing the conical head to rise and expand, opening the sleeve to fit tightly against the connecting hole.

[0020] Optionally, the guide rod includes an upper guide rod and a lower guide rod, the upper guide rod is made of aluminum, the lower guide rod is made of copper, the upper guide rod and the lower guide rod are connected by a copper-aluminum transition piece, and the base plate is a copper base plate.

[0021] Optionally, the guide rod includes an upper guide rod and a lower guide rod, the upper guide rod is an aluminum guide rod, the lower guide rod is a steel guide rod, the upper guide rod and the lower guide rod are connected by an aluminum-steel transition piece, and the base plate is a steel base plate.

[0022] Optionally, the lower guide rod is provided with stiffening plates on both sides that are connected to the base plate. When the lower guide rod is made of copper, the stiffening plates are made of copper; when the lower guide rod is made of steel, the stiffening plates are made of steel.

[0023] Optionally, the inner wall of the connecting hole is evenly distributed with several inclined limiting grooves, the limiting grooves of the two sets of connecting holes on both sides of the guide rod are inclined in opposite directions, and the outer wall of the sleeve is evenly distributed with several sets of claw pins that are inclined along the outer wall of the sleeve, and the claw pins and limiting grooves are connected in cooperation.

[0024] Optionally, the connecting device is made of the same material as the lower guide rod.

[0025] Optionally, the connecting hole is configured as a tapered shape with a larger upper end and a smaller lower end, wherein the diameter of the smaller end of the connecting hole is greater than or equal to the outer diameter of the sleeve.

[0026] Optionally, the outer wall of the cone head is evenly distributed with a number of claw pins.

[0027] Optionally, after the conical head expands and opens the sleeve, a gap cavity is formed in the connecting hole at the bottom of the conical head; the side of the anode carbon block is provided with a casting hole that communicates with the connecting hole, and the bottom ends of each set of connecting holes are interconnected; the conductive rod is provided with an overflow hole that runs through the top and bottom; the copper liquid is cast and cooled sequentially through the casting hole, the gap cavity, the connecting hole, and the overflow hole to form a casting layer.

[0028] Optionally, the bottom end of the base plate is provided with several copper conductive claws.

[0029] The present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0030] I. In this invention, brass with low resistivity is used as the conductive rod, and the conductive rod is tightly connected to the anode carbon block, which reduces the contact resistance and lowers the voltage drop of the anode system. Based on 100mV, the power consumption is reduced by 300kWh / ton of aluminum.

[0031] Second, in this invention, the original steel claw is eliminated, the path of current entering the anode claw is shortened, and the current density of the anode carbon block is evenly distributed, thereby reducing the power consumption per ton of aluminum and improving the current efficiency.

[0032] Third, in this invention, the fixed asset investment and production and operation costs of the phosphorus pig iron melting process, casting process, iron ring pressing and removal process and steel claw repair process in the anode assembly workshop are eliminated, thereby improving labor productivity. The power consumption after the elimination of the process is reduced by 13 kWh / ton of aluminum.

[0033] Fourth, in this invention, the anode steel claw is eliminated, which reduces the amount of iron oxide entering the electrolytic cell, thereby reducing the iron content in the aluminum liquid and improving the quality of the original aluminum.

[0034] Fifth, in this invention, a mechanical connection device is used to achieve a stable connection between the guide rod and the anode carbon block. At the same time, the installation gap generated inside the anode carbon block by this connection device is optimized to further enhance the connection strength and reduce the pressure drop of the connection device. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the anode system guide rod assembly provided by the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the guide rod assembly provided by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 The structural diagram of the anode carbon block provided by the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 for Figure 1 The front view;

[0039] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified view of a portion of point a.

[0040] Figure 6 Another structural diagram of the anode carbon block connection hole provided by the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 A structural diagram showing the casting holes for the anode carbon block provided by this invention;

[0042] Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of the copper casting liquid in the casting hole of the anode carbon block provided by the present invention;

[0043] Figure 9 for Figure 8 A magnified view of a section at point b in the middle;

[0044] Figure 10 This is a first structural diagram of the connecting device provided by the present invention;

[0045] Figure 11 This is a second structural diagram of the connecting device provided by the present invention;

[0046] Figure 12 The structural diagram of the sleeve provided by the present invention;

[0047] Icons: 1-Upper guide rod, 11-Transition piece, 2-Lower guide rod, 21-Firming plate, 3-Bottom plate, 31-Through hole, 32-Conductive claw, 4-Anode carbon block, 4a-Gap cavity, 41-Connecting part, 42-Connecting hole, 421-Limiting groove, 43-Casting hole, 5-Connecting device, 51-Conductive rod, 511-Screw section, 512-Conical head, 513-Overflow hole, 514-Second claw nail, 52-Sleeve, 521-Conical hole, 522-First claw nail, 53-Washer, 54-Nut, 6-Casting layer. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.

[0049] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] like Figure 1-3 As shown, a guide rod assembly for reducing the voltage drop of the anode system in aluminum electrolysis includes an anode carbon block 4 and a guide rod. A base plate 3 is fixed to the bottom end of the guide rod, and a protruding connecting part 41 is integrally connected to the upper end of the anode carbon block 4. The base plate 3 and the connecting part 41 of the anode carbon block 4 are connected by a connecting device 5.

[0052] like Figure 10 As shown, the connecting device 5 includes a conductive rod 51 and a sleeve 52. The sleeve 52 has a conical hole 521 penetrating the upper and lower end faces. The conductive rod 51 includes an integrally connected screw section 511 and a conical head 512. A washer 53 and a nut 54 are provided on the screw section 511. The outer diameter of the conical head 512 is larger than the inner diameter of the conical hole 521. A plurality of first claw pins 522 are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the conical head 512. Figure 3 As shown, two sets of connecting holes 42 are symmetrically arranged on the upper end of the connecting portion 41 of the anode carbon block 4 on both sides of the guide rod, and the number of connecting holes 42 in each set is preferably two; as shown Figure 2 As shown, the base plate 3 has four through holes 31 corresponding to the connecting holes 42. Therefore, in this invention, the connecting device 5 has four holes. Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, during assembly, the sleeve 52 is fitted onto the cone head 512 and is set entirely inside the connecting hole 42. After the screw section 511 extends out of the through hole 31, it is locked by the nut 54, thereby causing the cone head 512 to rise and expand, so that the sleeve 52 is set tightly against the connecting hole 42. Correspondingly, the first claw nail 522 is nailed and fixed to the connecting hole 42, so that the anode carbon block 4 and the base plate 3 can be firmly connected into one piece.

[0053] This invention eliminates the traditional anode steel claw, thereby shortening the path of current into the anode claw and evenly distributing the current density of the anode carbon block 4, thus reducing the power consumption per ton of aluminum and improving current efficiency; eliminating the anode steel claw reduces the amount of iron oxide entering the electrolytic cell, thereby reducing the iron content in the aluminum liquid and improving the quality of the primary aluminum.

[0054] The present invention uses a mechanical connection device 5 to eliminate the fixed asset investment and production and operation costs of the phosphorus pig iron melting process, casting process, iron ring pressing and removal process and steel claw repair process in the anode assembly workshop, thereby improving labor productivity and reducing power consumption by 13 kWh / ton of aluminum after the elimination of the process.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] In this embodiment, except for the change in the shape of the connecting hole 42, the other structures are the same as in embodiment 1.

[0057] like Figure 6 As shown, the connecting hole 42 on the anode carbon block 4 is set as a conical hole, that is, the connecting hole 42 is set as a cone shape with a larger top and a smaller bottom, which facilitates the limiting of the connecting device 5 after tensioning, so that the sleeve 52 can fit with the conical hole after expansion, increasing the tightening force to prevent detachment. The small end diameter of the connecting hole 42 is greater than or equal to the outer diameter of the sleeve 52, so that the sleeve 52 can be put into the connecting hole 42 during assembly.

[0058] Example 3

[0059] In this embodiment, in order to ensure the connection strength of the connecting device 5 and prevent the anode carbon block 4 from loosening during use, the structure of the connecting hole 42 is further optimized.

[0060] like Figure 3 As shown, the inner wall of the connecting hole 42 has several inclined limiting grooves 421 evenly distributed. Figure 3 Each connecting hole 42 has four circumferentially distributed limiting grooves 421. The limiting grooves 421 of the two sets of connecting holes 42 on both sides of the guide rod are inclined in opposite directions. Figure 3 The limiting grooves 421 in the two connecting holes 42 on the left side are inclined to the left. Figure 3 The limiting grooves 421 in the two connecting holes 42 on the right side are tilted to the right, which is exactly the opposite. Figure 12 As shown, four sets of first claw studs 522 are evenly distributed along the outer wall of the sleeve 52, and the first claw studs 522 are engaged with the limiting groove 421. That is, in this embodiment, the first claw studs 522 are engaged with the limiting groove 421, rather than with the connecting hole 42.

[0061] During assembly, the sleeve 52 and the connecting hole 42 are first set coaxially. Then, the first claw pin 522 at the bottom of the sleeve 52 is aligned with the upper end of the four limiting grooves 421 and inserted. As the sleeve 52 gradually enters the connecting hole 42, the sleeve 52 needs to be rotated accordingly so that the first claw pin 522 rotates at a certain angle and slides against the inclined limiting groove 421 until the sleeve 52 is completely inside the connecting hole 42. At this time, a vertical upward pulling force is applied to the sleeve 52. Due to the limiting effect of the limiting groove 421 and the first claw pin 522, the sleeve 52 cannot be pulled out vertically.

[0062] In this design, when the cone head 512 moves upward and expands the sleeve 52, the sleeve 52 tightens against the connection hole 42, while the first claw nail 522 correspondingly expands and tightens against the limiting groove 421. Through the double-layer expansion setting, the sleeve 52 and the first claw nail 522 cooperate to tighten, ensuring sufficient connection strength; at the same time, since the limiting groove 421 limits the first claw nail 522, when the nut 54 is tightened, the conductive rod 51 itself is limited and will not rotate, ensuring a stable connection; secondly, due to the inclined setting of the limiting groove 421, after the first claw nail 522 tightens against the limiting groove 421, the self-weight of the anode carbon block 4 is vertically downward, and the inclined limiting groove 421 can mutually limit the first claw nail 522, ensuring the connection stability between the two.

[0063] like Figure 3 As shown, in this invention, the inclination directions of the limiting grooves 421 of the two sets of connecting holes 42 are exactly opposite. After the sleeve 52 is inserted into the connecting hole 42 on the left, it is necessary to rotate the sleeve counterclockwise to remove the sleeve 52; while after the sleeve 52 is inserted into the connecting hole 42 on the right, it is necessary to rotate the sleeve clockwise to remove the sleeve 52. That is to say, when the entire anode carbon block 4 is connected to the base plate 3 through the connecting device 5, the connection is stably achieved. If the anode carbon block 4 is to detach from the base plate 3, the sleeve 52 needs to rotate at a certain angle to detach from the connecting hole 42. However, since the inclination directions of the limiting grooves 421 of the two sets of connecting holes 42 are different, the sleeves 52 on both sides of the guide rod need to rotate in different directions to detach from the connecting hole 42. The sleeves 52 are also tightened by the conductive rod 51, which further restricts the position of the sleeves 52, effectively preventing the conductive rod 51 and the sleeves 52 from rotating out and ensuring the connection strength.

[0064] Example 4

[0065] Based on the previous embodiments, this embodiment further defines the structure and materials of the relevant components.

[0066] like Figures 1-3 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the guide rod includes an upper guide rod 1 and a lower guide rod 2, wherein the upper guide rod 1 is an aluminum guide rod and the lower guide rod 2 is a copper guide rod. The upper guide rod 1 and the lower guide rod 2 are connected by a copper-aluminum transition piece 11, and the base plate 3 is a copper base plate 3. Ribs 21 connected to the base plate 3 are provided on both sides of the lower guide rod 2, and the ribs 21 are copper ribs 21.

[0067] The connecting device 5 (sleeve 52, conductive rod 51, first claw pin 522) is made of the same material as the lower guide rod 2, which is copper.

[0068] Because copper has a lower resistivity than aluminum, brass was chosen as the base material for energy-saving design. Using brass with lower resistivity for the conductive rod 51, which is tightly fitted to the anode carbon block 4, reduces contact resistance and lowers the voltage drop in the anode system. Based on a voltage reduction of 100mV, this translates to a reduction in power consumption of 300 kWh / ton of aluminum.

[0069] Example 5

[0070] Unlike Example 4, this example further defines the structure and materials of the relevant components.

[0071] like Figures 1-3 As shown, in another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the guide rod includes an upper guide rod 1 and a lower guide rod 2, wherein the upper guide rod 1 is an aluminum guide rod and the lower guide rod 2 is a steel guide rod. The upper guide rod 1 and the lower guide rod 2 are connected by an aluminum-steel transition piece 11, and the base plate 3 is a steel base plate 3. The lower guide rod 2 is provided with stiffening plates 21 on both sides that are connected to the base plate 3. The stiffening plates 21 are steel stiffening plates 21.

[0072] The connecting device 5 (sleeve 52, conductive rod 51, first claw pin 522) is made of the same material as the lower guide rod 2, which is steel. Using steel is an economical design.

[0073] Example 6

[0074] Based on the previous embodiments, this embodiment further defines the structure of the base plate 3.

[0075] like Figure 2 As shown, specifically, the bottom end of the base plate 3 is provided with several copper conductive claws 32. When the base plate 3 and the anode carbon block 4 are connected as one unit by the connecting device 5, the conductive claws 32 are pressed and adhered to the surface of the anode carbon block 4, thereby increasing the conductivity of the base plate 3 and the anode carbon block 4, as well as the uniformity of conductivity.

[0076] Example 7

[0077] In the previous embodiments, the present invention uses a connecting device 5 to connect the base plate 3 and the anode carbon block 4, which is a mechanical connection and replaces the traditional method of casting the anode carbon block 4 with phosphorus pig iron using steel claws.

[0078] like Figure 11 As shown, the outer wall of the cone 512 is evenly distributed with several second claw nails 514, which can further enhance the connection strength between the cone 512 and the sleeve 52. This prevents the cone hole 521 of the sleeve 52 from expanding outward due to the weight of the anode carbon block 4 after long-term use, thus loosening the connection between the anode carbon block 4 and the sleeve 52 and causing the anode carbon block 4 and the sleeve 52 to detach from the cone 512 as a whole.

[0079] like Figure 5 / Figure 6 As shown, in this application, the conductive rod 51 moves upward, and the cone head 512 expands the sleeve 52, so that the sleeve 52 is set tightly against the connection hole 42. After the cone head 512 moves upward and expands the sleeve 52, a gap cavity 4a is formed in the connection hole 42 at the bottom of the cone head 512. The existence of this gap cavity 4a will firstly reduce the contact area between the connecting device 5 and the anode carbon block 4, thereby reducing the conductivity and reducing the uniformity of conductivity, resulting in a voltage drop; secondly, after long-term use of the anode carbon block 4, due to the large weight of the anode carbon block 4, the cone hole 521 of the sleeve 52 is easily deformed outward (in the case of copper material), thereby causing the sleeve 52 to move downward together, resulting in loosening and misalignment of the connection with the cone head 512, or even the anode carbon block 4 falling off.

[0080] Therefore, further optimization is needed. For example... Figure 1 , Figure 7 As shown, the anode carbon block 4 has casting holes 43 on its side that communicate with the connecting holes 42, and the bottom ends of each set of connecting holes 42 are interconnected; as shown Figure 11 As shown, the conductive rod 51 is provided with an overflow hole 513 that runs vertically through it. There can be multiple sets of casting holes 43 symmetrically arranged and evenly distributed on both sides of the connecting part 41; or there can be only one casting hole 43, which connects all the connecting holes 42 at once.

[0081] like Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown, after the base plate 3 and the anode carbon block 4 are connected together by the connecting device 5, the molten copper enters sequentially through the casting hole 43. After reaching the gap cavity 4a, the liquid level rises to fill the connecting hole 42 (i.e., the gap between the connecting hole 42, the first claw pin 522, and the limiting groove 421). At the same time, the molten copper rises through the overflow hole 513 until it overflows from the upper end of the screw section 511, and the nut 54 is cast and locked to prevent it from loosening. The cast molten copper cools in the casting hole 43, the gap cavity 4a, the connecting hole 42, and the overflow hole 513 to form a casting layer 6.

[0082] This design, after the casting layer 6 is formed, fills the internal cavity. The casting layer 6, the connecting device 5, and the anode carbon block 4 are tightly connected as a whole, ensuring the contact area between the connecting device 5 and the anode carbon block 4, significantly improving conductivity and enhancing the uniformity of conductivity, thereby reducing the voltage drop of the connecting device. Furthermore, the casting layer 6 fills the gap cavity 4a, so even with the heavy weight of the anode carbon block 4 after long-term use, the conical hole 521 of the sleeve 52 cannot expand or deform outward, nor can it cause the sleeve 52 to move downward, because the bottom end of the sleeve 52 is filled with the casting layer 6, which restricts the deformation and downward movement of the sleeve 52. This ensures the connection stability between the conical head 512 and the sleeve 52, and ensures the connection strength of the overall guide rod assembly. Moreover, the casting layer 6, located at the bottom of the connecting part 41, is a copper casting layer, which can guide the current, ensuring uniform conductivity of the current on the anode carbon block 4, enhancing conductivity, and further reducing the voltage drop of the anode system.

[0083] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A guide rod assembly for reducing the voltage drop of an anode system in aluminum electrolysis, comprising an anode carbon block and a guide rod, wherein a base plate is fixed to the bottom end of the guide rod, and the base plate and the anode carbon block are connected by a connecting device, characterized in that... : The connecting device includes a conductive rod and a sleeve. The sleeve has a tapered hole that passes through the upper and lower end faces. The conductive rod includes an integrally connected screw section and a tapered head. The outer diameter of the tapered head is larger than the inner diameter of the tapered hole. Two sets of connecting holes are symmetrically arranged on the upper end of the anode carbon blocks on both sides of the guide rod. The base plate is provided with through holes corresponding to the connecting holes. The sleeve is sleeved on the cone head and is set in the connecting hole as a whole. After the screw section extends out of the through hole, it is locked by the nut, so that the cone head rises and expands to open the sleeve and is set tightly against the connecting hole. The guide rod includes an upper guide rod and a lower guide rod. The lower guide rod is provided with stiffening plates on both sides that are connected to the base plate. When the lower guide rod is made of copper, the stiffening plates are made of copper; when the lower guide rod is made of steel, the stiffening plates are made of steel. The inner wall of the connecting hole is evenly distributed with several inclined limiting grooves. The two sets of connecting holes on both sides of the guide rod have opposite inclination directions of the limiting grooves. The outer wall of the sleeve is evenly distributed with several sets of claw pins that are inclined along the outer wall of the sleeve. The claw pins and the limiting grooves are connected in cooperation. The connecting hole is set in a conical shape with a larger diameter at the top and a smaller diameter at the bottom, and the diameter of the small end of the connecting hole is greater than or equal to the outer diameter of the sleeve; The outer wall of the cone is evenly distributed with several claw pins; After the cone head rises and expands the sleeve, a gap cavity is formed in the connecting hole at the bottom of the cone head; the side of the anode carbon block is provided with a casting hole that communicates with the connecting hole, and the bottom ends of each set of connecting holes are interconnected; the conductive rod is provided with an overflow hole that runs through the top and bottom; the copper liquid is cast and cooled sequentially through the casting hole, the gap cavity, the connecting hole, and the overflow hole to form a casting layer.

2. The guide rod assembly for reducing the voltage drop of the anode system in aluminum electrolysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper guide rod is made of aluminum, the lower guide rod is made of copper, and the upper and lower guide rods are connected by a copper-aluminum transition piece. The base plate is made of copper.

3. The guide rod assembly for reducing the voltage drop of the anode system in aluminum electrolysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper guide rod is an aluminum guide rod, the lower guide rod is a steel guide rod, and the upper and lower guide rods are connected by an aluminum-steel transition piece. The base plate is a steel base plate.

4. The guide rod assembly for reducing the voltage drop of the anode system in aluminum electrolysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting device is made of the same material as the lower guide rod.

5. The guide rod assembly for reducing the voltage drop of the anode system in aluminum electrolysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom end of the base plate is provided with several copper conductive claws.

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