A low-temperature heat pump thermal management system with waste heat recovery

Abstract

The present invention relates to a low-temperature heat pump thermal management system with waste heat recovery, comprising an air conditioning module and a waste heat recovery module. The air conditioning module is used for heating and cooling the passenger compartment of a vehicle. The waste heat recovery module comprises a heat exchange unit, a four-way valve, a first three-way valve, and a second three-way valve. The second valve port and the fourth valve port of the four-way valve are respectively connected to the outlets of the second three-way valve and the first three-way valve, and the two inlets of the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve are respectively connected in series to a battery cooling assembly and a radiator. The management system is configured to cooperate with the air conditioning module and the waste heat recovery module, and to provide a four-way valve and two three-way valves as the core. Different circuits can be formed under various environmental conditions such as high temperature, low temperature, and ultra-low temperature to perform functions such as heating, dual evaporation heating, cooling, dual cooling, and waste heat recovery. It has a wide applicable temperature range, is more adaptable to adverse temperatures, saves energy, and indirectly increases the vehicle's cruising range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of heat pump systems for new energy vehicles, and in particular relates to a low-temperature heat pump thermal management system with waste heat recovery. Background Art

[0002] Pure electric vehicles on the market have a range that fails to meet user needs, especially in winter when air conditioning and heating consume more electricity, significantly impacting range. However, in traditional pure electric vehicles, air conditioning, battery thermal management, and motor cooling are largely independent of each other, and electricity is not effectively utilized. Some models on the market use heat pumps for heating. More advanced heat pump air conditioners can absorb heat from the atmosphere or recover waste heat from the battery and motor cooling systems. However, existing waste heat recovery systems are relatively simple and difficult to adapt to the heat recovery needs in various environmental conditions, and their energy efficiency still needs to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-temperature heat pump thermal management system with waste heat recovery in order to solve the above problems.

[0004] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned purpose through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A low-temperature heat pump thermal management system with waste heat recovery, comprising

[0006] An air conditioning module, used for heating and cooling a vehicle passenger compartment, comprises, in order of medium flow during cooling, a compressor, a first solenoid valve, an external heat exchanger, a first one-way valve, an internal evaporator, and a gas-liquid separator. The compressor outlet is further provided with an internal condenser connected in parallel with the external heat exchanger. A first electronic expansion valve is provided in parallel with the first one-way valve. The inlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the intersection of the external heat exchanger and the first solenoid valve, and a third solenoid valve is provided at the connection point.

[0007] A waste heat recovery module includes a heat exchange unit, a four-way valve, a first three-way valve, and a second three-way valve, wherein the second valve port and the fourth valve port of the four-way valve are respectively connected to the outlets of the second three-way valve and the first three-way valve, and the two inlets of the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve are respectively connected in series with the battery heat exchange component and the radiator, one of the inlets of the first three-way valve is connected to the third valve port of the four-way valve through the first heat exchange channel of the heat exchange unit, and one of the inlets of the second three-way valve is connected to the first valve port of the four-way valve through the motor cooling component;

[0008] A fourth solenoid valve and a fifth solenoid valve are arranged in parallel at one end of the second heat exchange channel of the heat exchange unit, wherein the fourth solenoid valve is connected to the inlet end of the gas-liquid separator, and the fifth solenoid valve is connected to the outlet end of the compressor. A fourth one-way valve and a third electronic expansion valve are arranged in parallel at the other end of the second heat exchange channel of the heat exchange unit, and the ports of the fourth one-way valve and the third electronic expansion valve away from the heat exchange unit are connected to the outlet end of the first one-way valve.

[0009] As a further optimization solution of the present invention, the external heat exchanger is located outside the passenger compartment of the car, and heat is forced to be dissipated by external airflow. The external heat exchanger performs convective heat exchange through the airflow generated during the movement of the car.

[0010] As a further optimization solution of the present invention, a PTC heating component is also provided in the passenger compartment of the automobile. The PTC heating component is a prior art and serves as a heating backup when the ambient temperature is extremely low (below -15°C) and cannot absorb excess heat.

[0011] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, a second electronic expansion valve is provided at the inlet end of the inner evaporator and a third one-way valve is provided at the outlet end. The second electronic expansion valve is a throttling device in the prior art and can play a role in throttling or even regulating flow.

[0012] As a further optimization solution of the present invention, a second solenoid valve is provided at the inlet end of the internal condenser, and a second one-way valve is provided at the outlet end.

[0013] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the first valve port and the third valve port of the four-way valve are both provided with a first water pump and a second water pump for driving the flow of the medium. This scheme further determines the medium power source and the installation position of the first water pump and the second water pump.

[0014] As a further optimization solution of the present invention, the compressor outlet and the gas-liquid separator inlet are both provided with temperature and pressure sensors, and the working condition of the compressor is detected by the temperature and pressure sensors.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0016] The present invention arranges an air-conditioning module and a waste heat recovery module to cooperate with each other, and arranges a four-way valve and two three-way valves as the core, so as to form different circuits under various environmental conditions such as high temperature, low temperature, and ultra-low temperature, so as to perform functions such as heating, double evaporation heating, cooling, double cooling, and waste heat recovery. It has a wide applicable temperature range, is more adaptable to severe temperatures, saves energy consumption, and indirectly increases the cruising range of the vehicle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall system of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the working condition of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the second working condition of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the working condition 3 of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the working condition 4 of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the working condition 5 of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the working condition 6 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the working condition seven of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the working condition eight of the present invention;

[0026] Symbols in the figure: solenoid valve 1—first solenoid valve; solenoid valve 2—second solenoid valve; solenoid valve 3—third solenoid valve; solenoid valve 4—fourth solenoid valve; solenoid valve 5—fifth solenoid valve; one-way valve 1—first one-way valve; one-way valve 2—second one-way valve; one-way valve 3—third one-way valve; one-way valve 4—fourth one-way valve; EXV1—first electronic expansion valve; EXV2—second electronic expansion valve; EXV3—third electronic expansion valve; three-way valve 1—first three-way valve; three-way valve 2—second three-way valve; water pump 1—first water pump; water pump 2—second water pump; valve 1—first valve port; valve 2—second valve port; valve 3—third valve port; valve 4—fourth valve port; PTC—PTC heating component. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is necessary to point out here that the following specific implementation methods are only used to further illustrate the present application and cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Technical personnel in this field can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] like Figure 1-9 As shown, a low-temperature heat pump thermal management system with waste heat recovery includes an air conditioning module and a waste heat recovery module.

[0030] The air-conditioning module is used for heating and cooling the passenger compartment of a vehicle. It includes a compressor, a first solenoid valve, an external heat exchanger, a first one-way valve, an internal evaporator, and a gas-liquid separator in order of the medium flow direction during cooling. Among them, the outlet end of the compressor is also provided with an internal condenser connected in parallel with the external heat exchanger, and the first one-way valve is provided in parallel with the first electronic expansion valve. The inlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the intersection of the external heat exchanger and the first solenoid valve, and a third solenoid valve is provided at the connection point.

[0031] The air conditioning module is an existing technology, which completes the cooling and heating process of the car passenger compartment through components such as a compressor, an internal condenser, an internal evaporator, an external heat exchanger, and various throttling components and opening and closing valves.

[0032] The waste heat recovery module includes a heat exchange unit, a four-way valve, a first three-way valve, and a second three-way valve, wherein the second valve port and the fourth valve port of the four-way valve are connected to the outlets of the second three-way valve and the first three-way valve respectively, and the two inlets of the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve are connected in series with the battery heat exchange component and the radiator respectively. One of the inlets of the first three-way valve is connected to the third valve port of the four-way valve through the first heat exchange channel of the heat exchange unit, and one of the inlets of the second three-way valve is connected to the first valve port of the four-way valve through the motor cooling component.

[0033] The waste heat recovery module reduces energy consumption by recycling heat from batteries and motors, and also has functions such as active cooling and active heating of the batteries. The radiator can also act as an evaporator to absorb heat from the air. Multiple circuits can be formed through four-way valves and three-way valves, forming the ability to exchange heat under various external environmental conditions.

[0034] A fourth solenoid valve and a fifth solenoid valve are arranged in parallel at one end of the second heat exchange channel of the heat exchange unit, wherein the fourth solenoid valve is connected to the inlet end of the gas-liquid separator, and the fifth solenoid valve is connected to the outlet end of the compressor. A fourth one-way valve and a third electronic expansion valve are arranged in parallel at the other end of the second heat exchange channel of the heat exchange unit, and the ports of the fourth one-way valve and the third electronic expansion valve away from the heat exchange unit are connected to the outlet end of the first one-way valve.

[0035] The external heat exchanger is located outside the passenger compartment of the vehicle and is forced to dissipate heat through external airflow. The external heat exchanger performs convection heat exchange through the airflow generated during the movement of the vehicle.

[0036] The vehicle passenger compartment is also provided with a PTC heating component, which is a prior art and serves as a backup heating system when the ambient temperature is extremely low (below -15°C) and cannot absorb excess heat.

[0037] The inlet end of the inner evaporator is provided with a second electronic expansion valve, and the outlet end is provided with a third one-way valve. The inlet end of the inner condenser is provided with a second solenoid valve, and the outlet end is provided with a second one-way valve. The first valve port and the third valve port of the four-way valve are both provided with a first water pump and a second water pump for driving the flow of the medium. The outlet end of the compressor and the inlet end of the gas-liquid separator are both provided with temperature and pressure sensors.

[0038] The specific implementation method is:

[0039] Working condition 1 (passenger cabin cooling):

[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, under this working condition, the passenger compartment of the car is cooled, which is achieved through the air-conditioning module. It is an existing technology, and its medium circuit is: compressor, first solenoid valve, external heat exchanger, first one-way valve, second electronic expansion valve, internal evaporator, third one-way valve, gas-liquid separator, compressor.

[0041] Working condition 2 (battery cooling):

[0042] like Figure 3 As shown, under this working condition, the battery is actively cooled by the compressor, which is suitable for battery overheating. The compressor medium circuit is: compressor, first solenoid valve, external heat exchanger, first one-way valve, third electronic expansion valve, second heat exchange channel of the heat exchange unit, fourth solenoid valve, gas-liquid separator, compressor;

[0043] The battery cooling medium circuit is: the first heat exchange channel of the heat exchange unit, the battery heat exchange component, the first three-way valve, the fourth valve port of the four-way valve, the third valve port of the four-way valve, the second water pump, and the first heat exchange channel of the heat exchange unit.

[0044] Working condition three (dual cooling):

[0045] like Figure 4 As shown, this operating condition combines operating conditions one and two to cool the car's passenger compartment and battery. It is suitable for high temperature weather and battery overheating. Under this operating condition, the internal evaporator and the second heat exchange channel of the heat exchanger unit are essentially connected in parallel, and their joint function is to absorb heat. The internal evaporator is used to cool the passenger compartment, and the heat exchanger unit is used to actively cool the battery to prevent it from overheating.

[0046] Working condition 4 (heating):

[0047] like Figure 5 As shown, under this working condition, the automobile passenger compartment is heated, which is achieved through the air-conditioning module, which is the existing technology. Its medium circuit is: compressor, second solenoid valve, internal condenser, second one-way valve, first electronic expansion valve, external heat exchanger, third solenoid valve, gas-liquid separator, compressor.

[0048] Working condition five (double evaporation heating):

[0049] like Figure 6 As shown, in an ultra-low temperature environment (-5°C to -15°C), the heating effect of relying solely on the heating circuit in working condition four is poor. At this time, the external heat exchanger is used as an evaporator to absorb heat from the atmosphere. Due to the low temperature, there is not much waste heat in the motor. The first valve port of the four-way valve is connected to the fourth valve port, and the second valve port is connected to the third valve port. The first three-way valve directly connects the fourth valve port of the four-way valve to the first heat exchange channel of the heat exchanger unit. The second three-way valve connects the radiator to the circuit to realize the series connection of the radiator and the first heat exchange channel of the heat exchanger unit. The first heat exchange channel of the heat exchanger unit absorbs heat from the medium, and the low-temperature medium passes through the radiator and absorbs heat from the atmosphere. The external heat exchanger and the second heat exchange channel of the heat exchanger unit are connected to the heating circuit as two parallel evaporators for heating, which can adapt to the harsh low-temperature environment.

[0050] Working condition six (passenger compartment heating, battery cooling):

[0051] like Figure 7 As shown, when the battery temperature is high, the efficiency of absorbing heat from the battery is higher than that of the car from the atmosphere. The second heat exchange channel of the heat exchanger unit replaces the external heat exchanger to absorb heat, and the first heat exchange channel of the heat exchanger unit absorbs heat from the battery cooling medium. When the heat absorbed by the battery cooling medium is insufficient for heating, the first electronic expansion valve and the third solenoid valve can be opened to connect the external heat exchanger and the second heat exchange channel of the heat exchanger unit in parallel to absorb heat together. The opening ratio of the first electronic expansion valve and the third electronic expansion valve can be adjusted to maximize the heating efficiency.

[0052] Working condition seven (battery active heating):

[0053] like Figure 8 As shown, when the battery needs to be heated, the third valve port of the four-way valve is connected to the fourth valve port, and the first three-way valve connects the battery heat exchange component, which absorbs heat from the atmosphere through the external heat exchanger, and then the heat is absorbed by the heat exchange unit to heat the battery.

[0054] Working condition eight (passenger compartment heating, battery active heating):

[0055] like Figure 9 As shown, unlike operating condition seven, the inner condenser is connected to the medium circuit by opening the second solenoid valve, so that the inner condenser and the second heat exchange channel of the heat exchanger unit are connected in parallel, and an external heat exchanger is used to absorb heat from the atmosphere, and then the passenger compartment and battery are heated respectively through the inner condenser and the heat exchanger unit.

[0056] The above-described embodiments merely illustrate several implementations of the present invention. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make numerous variations and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and all such variations and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-temperature heat pump thermal management system with waste heat recovery, characterized by: include An air conditioning module, used for heating and cooling a vehicle passenger compartment, comprises, in order of medium flow during cooling, a compressor, a first solenoid valve, an external heat exchanger, a first one-way valve, an internal evaporator, and a gas-liquid separator. The compressor outlet is further provided with an internal condenser connected in parallel with the external heat exchanger. A first electronic expansion valve is provided in parallel with the first one-way valve. The inlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the intersection of the external heat exchanger and the first solenoid valve, and a third solenoid valve is provided at the connection point. A waste heat recovery module includes a heat exchange unit, a four-way valve, a first three-way valve, and a second three-way valve, wherein the second valve port and the fourth valve port of the four-way valve are respectively connected to the outlets of the second three-way valve and the first three-way valve, and the two inlets of the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve are respectively connected in series with the battery heat exchange component and the radiator, one of the inlets of the first three-way valve is connected to the third valve port of the four-way valve through the first heat exchange channel of the heat exchange unit, and one of the inlets of the second three-way valve is connected to the first valve port of the four-way valve through the motor cooling component; A fourth solenoid valve and a fifth solenoid valve are arranged in parallel at one end of the second heat exchange channel of the heat exchange unit, wherein the fourth solenoid valve is connected to the inlet end of the gas-liquid separator, and the fifth solenoid valve is connected to the outlet end of the compressor. A fourth one-way valve and a third electronic expansion valve are arranged in parallel at the other end of the second heat exchange channel of the heat exchange unit, and the ports of the fourth one-way valve and the third electronic expansion valve away from the heat exchange unit are connected to the outlet end of the first one-way valve.

2. A low-temperature heat pump thermal management system with waste heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The external heat exchanger is located outside the passenger compartment of the vehicle and is forced to dissipate heat through external airflow.

3. The low-temperature heat pump thermal management system with waste heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that: A PTC heating component is also provided in the passenger compartment of the automobile.

4. The low-temperature heat pump thermal management system with waste heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inlet end of the inner evaporator is provided with a second electronic expansion valve, and the outlet end is provided with a third one-way valve.

5. The low-temperature heat pump thermal management system with waste heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inlet end of the inner condenser is provided with a second solenoid valve, and the outlet end is provided with a second one-way valve.

6. The low-temperature heat pump thermal management system with waste heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first valve port and the third valve port of the four-way valve are both provided with a first water pump and a second water pump for driving the flow of the medium.

7. The low-temperature heat pump thermal management system with waste heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compressor outlet and the gas-liquid separator inlet are both provided with temperature and pressure sensors.

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