Preparation of non-burned brick by using polyaluminum chloride residue and tailings
Using polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings as main materials, and quicklime and distilled water as auxiliary materials, high compressive strength non-fired bricks were prepared, which solved the problems of high raw material cost, complex process and low compressive strength in solid waste treatment and brick making process, and realized the resource utilization of solid waste and the preparation of high-strength bricks.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NANHUA UNIV
- Filing Date
- 2023-06-11
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-03
AI Technical Summary
In the existing technology, the treatment methods for polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings are insufficient to digest large amounts of solid waste, and the existing brick-making process has problems such as high raw material costs, complex preparation process and low compressive strength.
Using polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings as main materials, and quicklime and distilled water as auxiliary materials, through unique raw material ratios and process design, including raw material pretreatment, mixing, aging, pressing, room temperature curing and drying steps, high compressive strength non-fired bricks are prepared.
It realizes the resource utilization of solid waste, with low raw material cost, simple preparation process, and high compressive strength. The compressive strength of the prepared non-fired bricks can reach 20-36MPa.
Smart Images
Figure CN116675503B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of non-fired brick technology, and in particular to non-fired bricks prepared using polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings. Background Technology
[0002] Polyaluminum chloride slag is the filter residue produced during the production of polyaluminum chloride. The production ratio of polyaluminum chloride to polyaluminum chloride slag is 100:15. Polyaluminum chloride slag is weakly acidic and contains a certain amount of chloride salts. Although it is managed as general solid waste, its output can reach millions of tons per year. If not treated in a timely manner, it can still cause harm to the environment.
[0003] Tailings are solid mineral waste formed by the natural dewatering of tailings slurry discharged from mineral processing plants, and belong to composite silicate mineral materials. Currently, the main methods for treating tailings include backfilling of mining areas, using them as building materials, coastal land reclamation, road construction, and dam construction. Since the amount of tailings discharged can reach billions of tons annually, existing treatment methods are insufficient to handle all of them. Therefore, actively seeking new resource utilization pathways for tailings has always been a research direction for relevant scholars.
[0004] Currently, there has been some research on using polyaluminum chloride slag or tailings to make bricks.
[0005] The invention patent with application number CN202211583977.1 discloses a method for preparing lightweight, high-strength, heat-insulating foam bricks using tailings solid waste resources. It solves the problems of insufficient fixing methods during foam brick assembly, loosening between multiple foam bricks, and difficulty in installing sound insulation materials between adjacent foam bricks, resulting in inadequate sound insulation. However, this patented technology does not improve the foam brick material itself, nor does it mention the raw material ratio or preparation process. It only improves the splicing structure of the foam bricks and is insufficient to guide how tailings can be applied to brick preparation.
[0006] Chinese patent application CN201711204591.4 discloses a method for preparing non-fired bricks using polyaluminum chloride residue from a waste-based process as the main material, aiming to provide a non-fired brick with high structural strength and long service life. The non-fired brick uses polyaluminum chloride residue, lime, cement, and gypsum as raw materials, and requires steam curing during the preparation process (curing temperature 100℃, curing humidity 95%RH). The resulting non-fired brick has a compressive strength of 20 MPa. This patented technology has drawbacks: slightly higher raw material costs (requiring the addition of cement), a slightly more complex preparation process (using steam curing), and relatively lower compressive strength of the resulting non-fired brick. Summary of the Invention
[0007] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a non-fired brick prepared using polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings. It uses these two solid wastes, polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings, in the preparation of non-fired bricks. Through unique raw material ratio and process design, it achieves the preparation of non-fired bricks with low raw material cost, simple preparation process and high compressive strength.
[0008] The technical solution of the present invention is: non-fired bricks prepared using polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings, wherein the raw materials used and the weight parts of each raw material are as follows: 100 parts of dry mixture and 13-17 parts of distilled water; the raw material composition and the weight parts of each raw material in the dry mixture are as follows: 40-60 parts of polyaluminum chloride slag, 30-50 parts of tailings, and 15-25 parts of quicklime.
[0009] A further technical solution of the present invention is: non-fired bricks prepared using polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings, wherein the raw materials used and the weight parts of each raw material are as follows: 100 parts of dry mixture and 15 parts of distilled water; the raw material composition and the weight parts of each raw material in the dry mixture are as follows: 50 parts of polyaluminum chloride slag, 50 parts of tailings, and 20 parts of quicklime.
[0010] A further technical solution of the present invention is: non-fired bricks prepared using polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings, wherein the raw materials used and the weight parts of each raw material are as follows: 100 parts of dry mixture and 17 parts of distilled water; the raw material composition and the weight parts of each raw material in the dry mixture are as follows: 60 parts of polyaluminum chloride slag, 40 parts of tailings, and 15 parts of quicklime.
[0011] A further technical solution of the present invention is: non-fired bricks prepared using polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings, wherein the raw materials used and the weight parts of each raw material are as follows: 100 parts of dry mixture and 13 parts of distilled water; the raw material composition and the weight parts of each raw material in the dry mixture are as follows: 70 parts of polyaluminum chloride slag, 30 parts of tailings, and 20 parts of quicklime.
[0012] A further technical solution of the present invention is: non-fired bricks prepared using polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings, wherein the raw materials used and the weight parts of each raw material are as follows: 100 parts of dry mixture and 13 parts of distilled water; the composition of the raw materials in the dry mixture and the weight parts of each raw material are as follows: 55 parts of polyaluminum chloride slag, 45 parts of tailings, and 25 parts of quicklime.
[0013] The technical solution of the present invention is: a method for preparing the above-mentioned non-fired bricks made from polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings, comprising the following steps:
[0014] S01, Raw material pretreatment: Dry the polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings separately. After both are naturally cooled, crush the polyaluminum chloride slag and pass it through a 50-80 mesh sieve. Crush the tailings and pass it through a 100 mesh sieve.
[0015] S02, Preparation of the mixture: Based on the raw material composition and weight ratio of each raw material in the dry mixture, weigh out polyaluminum chloride slag, tailings ore and quicklime (powder), and mix them thoroughly to obtain the dry mixture; then add 13%-17% of the weight of the dry mixture of distilled water, and mix thoroughly to obtain the mixture.
[0016] S03, aging: The mixture is aged at room temperature for 20-24 hours to ensure that the raw materials are fully mixed and homogenized, and to carry out ion exchange, so that the silicate minerals in the raw materials come into contact with water and hydrolyze into cementing substances, thereby improving the plasticity of the raw materials.
[0017] S04, Press molding: Using pressing equipment, the aged mixture is pressed under a pressure of 30-40MPa for 40-60s to obtain brick blanks;
[0018] S05, ambient temperature curing: Cur the brick blanks in a natural environment (at normal temperature and pressure) for 7 days, and sprinkle water on the surface of the brick blanks once every 3 days to prevent the brick blanks from cracking and to provide sufficient moisture for the hydration reaction;
[0019] S06, Drying: Dry the unfired bricks that have been cured to the target number of days in an oven at 100-105℃ for 10 hours to obtain the finished unfired bricks.
[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
[0021] It provides a non-fired brick made primarily from polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings, with quicklime and distilled water as auxiliary materials. This enables the resource utilization of these two solid wastes, and features low raw material costs (these two solid wastes account for a relatively high proportion), a simple preparation process (using ambient temperature curing treatment), and no toxic byproducts.
[0022] Through the synergistic effect (hydration reaction) between the raw material components, the non-fired bricks have excellent mechanical properties (the finished product compressive strength can reach 20-36MPa), and the relatively simple room temperature curing process can be used in its preparation.
[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the figures and embodiments. Attached Figure Description
[0024] Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram of the present invention. Implementation Example 1
[0025] The non-fired bricks prepared using polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings have the following raw materials and their respective weight proportions: 100 parts dry mix, 15 parts distilled water; the raw material composition and weight proportions of the dry mix are as follows: 50 parts polyaluminum chloride slag, 50 parts tailings, and 20 parts quicklime (bottled CaO sold by Tianjin Tianli Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (CaO content (after ignition) not less than 98%)). This means that in 1 part of dry mix, the weight proportions of polyaluminum chloride slag are 50 / 120, tailings are 50 / 120, and quicklime is 20 / 120.
[0026] See Figure 1 The method for preparing non-fired bricks in this embodiment is as follows:
[0027] S01, Raw material pretreatment: Dry the polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings separately (dry at 105℃ for 16h). After both have cooled naturally, crush the polyaluminum chloride slag and pass it through a 50-mesh sieve. Crush the tailings and pass it through a 100-mesh sieve.
[0028] S02, Preparation of the mixture: Based on the raw material composition and weight ratio of each raw material in the dry mixture, weigh 50 parts of polyaluminum chloride slag, 50 parts of tailings ore and 20 parts of quicklime respectively, and mix them thoroughly for dry mixing (mixing time 3 min) to obtain the dry mixture; then add 15% of the weight of the dry mixture of distilled water, and mix thoroughly for wet mixing (mixing time 5 min) to obtain the mixture.
[0029] S03, Aging: The mixture is aged at room temperature for 24 hours to ensure that the raw materials are fully mixed and homogenized, and to carry out ion exchange, so that the silicate minerals in the raw materials come into contact with water and hydrolyze into cementing substances, thereby improving the plasticity of the raw materials.
[0030] S04, Compression Molding: Using a pressure testing machine or brick making machine, the aged mixture is compressed under a pressure of 30 MPa for 60 seconds to obtain brick blanks.
[0031] S05, ambient temperature curing: Cur the brick blanks in a natural environment (at ambient temperature and pressure) for 7 days, and sprinkle water on the surface of the brick blanks once every 3 days to prevent the brick blanks from cracking and to provide sufficient moisture for the hydration reaction. The hydration reaction produces hydrated calcium silicate and hydrated aluminum silicate, which provide the source of strength for the non-fired bricks.
[0032] S06, Drying: Dry the unfired bricks that have been cured to the target number of days in an oven at 105℃ for 10 hours to obtain the finished unfired bricks.
[0033] The compressive strength of the unfired bricks prepared in this embodiment reached 30 MPa. Example 2
[0034] The unfired bricks prepared using polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings have the following raw materials and their weight proportions: 100 parts dry mix, 17 parts distilled water; the composition of the dry mix and the weight proportions of each raw material are as follows: 60 parts polyaluminum chloride slag, 40 parts tailings, and 15 parts quicklime (bottled CaO sold by Tianjin Tianli Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., with a CaO content (after ignition) of not less than 98%). This means that in 1 part of dry mix, the weight proportions of polyaluminum chloride slag are 60 / 115, tailings are 40 / 115, and quicklime is 15 / 115.
[0035] See Figure 1 The method for preparing non-fired bricks in this embodiment is as follows:
[0036] S01, Raw material pretreatment: Dry the polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings separately (dry at 105℃ for 16h). After both have cooled naturally, crush the polyaluminum chloride slag and pass it through a 60-mesh sieve. Crush the tailings and pass it through a 100-mesh sieve.
[0037] S02, Preparation of the mixture: Based on the raw material composition and weight ratio of each raw material in the dry mixture, weigh 60 parts of polyaluminum chloride slag, 40 parts of tailings ore and 15 parts of quicklime respectively, and dry mix them thoroughly (stirring time 3 min) to obtain the dry mixture; then add 17% of the weight of the dry mixture of distilled water, and wet mix them thoroughly (stirring time 5 min) to obtain the mixture.
[0038] S03, Aging: The mixture is aged at room temperature for 20 hours to ensure that the raw materials are fully mixed and homogenized, and to carry out ion exchange, so that the silicate minerals in the raw materials come into contact with water and hydrolyze into cementing substances, thereby improving the plasticity of the raw materials.
[0039] S04, Press molding: Using a pressure testing machine or brick making machine, the aged mixture is pressed under a pressure of 40MPa for 30s to obtain brick blanks.
[0040] S05, ambient temperature curing: Cur the brick blanks in a natural environment (at ambient temperature and pressure) for 7 days, and sprinkle water on the surface of the brick blanks once every 3 days to prevent the brick blanks from cracking and to provide sufficient moisture for the hydration reaction. The hydration reaction produces hydrated calcium silicate and hydrated aluminum silicate, which provide the source of strength for the non-fired bricks.
[0041] S06, Drying: Dry the unfired bricks that have been cured to the target number of days in an oven at 105℃ for 10 hours to obtain the finished unfired bricks.
[0042] The compressive strength of the unfired bricks prepared in this embodiment reached 36 MPa. Example 3
[0043] The non-fired bricks prepared using polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings have the following raw materials and their respective weight proportions: 100 parts dry mix, 13 parts distilled water; the composition of the dry mix and the weight proportions of each raw material are as follows: 70 parts polyaluminum chloride slag, 30 parts tailings, and 20 parts quicklime (bottled CaO sold by Tianjin Tianli Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., with a CaO content (after ignition) of not less than 98%). This means that in 1 part of dry mix, the weight proportions of polyaluminum chloride slag are 70 / 120, tailings are 30 / 120, and quicklime is 20 / 120.
[0044] See Figure 1 The method for preparing non-fired bricks in this embodiment is as follows:
[0045] S01, Raw material pretreatment: Dry the polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings separately (dry at 105℃ for 16h). After both have cooled naturally, crush the polyaluminum chloride slag and pass it through a 50-mesh sieve. Crush the tailings and pass it through a 100-mesh sieve.
[0046] S02, Preparation of the mixture: Based on the raw material composition and weight ratio of each raw material in the dry mixture, weigh 70 parts of polyaluminum chloride slag, 30 parts of tailings ore and 20 parts of quicklime respectively, and mix them thoroughly for dry mixing (mixing time 3 min) to obtain the dry mixture; then add 13% of the weight of the dry mixture of distilled water, and mix thoroughly for wet mixing (mixing time 5 min) to obtain the mixture.
[0047] S03, Aging: The mixture is aged at room temperature for 24 hours to ensure that the raw materials are fully mixed and homogenized, and to carry out ion exchange, so that the silicate minerals in the raw materials come into contact with water and hydrolyze into cementing substances, thereby improving the plasticity of the raw materials.
[0048] S04, Press molding: Using a pressure testing machine or brick making machine, the aged mixture is pressed under a pressure of 35MPa for 40s to obtain brick blanks;
[0049] S05, ambient temperature curing: Cur the brick blanks in a natural environment (at ambient temperature and pressure) for 7 days, and sprinkle water on the surface of the brick blanks once every 3 days to prevent the brick blanks from cracking and to provide sufficient moisture for the hydration reaction. The hydration reaction produces hydrated calcium silicate and hydrated aluminum silicate, which provide the source of strength for the non-fired bricks.
[0050] S06, Drying: Dry the unfired bricks that have been cured to the target number of days in an oven at 105℃ for 10 hours to obtain the finished unfired bricks.
[0051] The compressive strength of the unfired bricks prepared in this embodiment reached 27 MPa. Example 4
[0052] The unfired bricks prepared using polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings have the following raw materials and their respective weight proportions: 100 parts dry mix, 13 parts distilled water; the composition of the dry mix and the weight proportions of each raw material are as follows: 55 parts polyaluminum chloride slag, 45 parts tailings, and 25 parts quicklime (bottled CaO sold by Tianjin Tianli Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., with a CaO content (after ignition) of not less than 98%). This means that in 1 part of dry mix, the weight proportions of polyaluminum chloride slag are 55 / 125, tailings are 45 / 125, and quicklime is 25 / 125.
[0053] See Figure 1 The method for preparing non-fired bricks in this embodiment is as follows:
[0054] S01, Raw material pretreatment: Dry the polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings separately (dry at 105℃ for 16h). After both have cooled naturally, crush the polyaluminum chloride slag and pass it through an 80-mesh sieve. Crush the tailings and pass it through a 100-mesh sieve.
[0055] S02, Preparation of the mixture: Based on the raw material composition and weight ratio of each raw material in the dry mixture, weigh 55 parts of polyaluminum chloride slag, 45 parts of tailings ore and 25 parts of quicklime respectively, and mix them thoroughly for dry mixing (stirring time 3 min) to obtain the dry mixture; then add 15% of the weight of the dry mixture of distilled water, and mix thoroughly for wet mixing (stirring time 5 min) to obtain the mixture.
[0056] S03, Aging: The mixture is aged at room temperature for 22 hours to ensure that the raw materials are fully mixed and homogenized, and to carry out ion exchange, so that the silicate minerals in the raw materials come into contact with water and hydrolyze into cementing substances, thereby improving the plasticity of the raw materials.
[0057] S04, Press molding: Using a pressure testing machine or brick making machine, the aged mixture is pressed under a pressure of 35MPa for 60s to obtain a brick blank.
[0058] S05, ambient temperature curing: Cur the brick blanks in a natural environment (at ambient temperature and pressure) for 7 days, and sprinkle water on the surface of the brick blanks once every 3 days to prevent the brick blanks from cracking and to provide sufficient moisture for the hydration reaction.
[0059] S06, Drying: Dry the unfired bricks that have been cured to the target number of days in an oven at 105℃ for 10 hours to obtain the finished unfired bricks.
[0060] The compressive strength of the unfired bricks prepared in this embodiment reached 25 MPa.
[0061] Of the four embodiments described above, Embodiment 2 is the most effective. The ratios of dry mix to distilled water, and the ratios of polyaluminum chloride slag, tailings, and quicklime, are all optimal. Based on the proportions of each component in Embodiment 2, the hydration reaction proceeds more fully, resulting in less unreacted raw material remaining after the hydration reaction. The hydration products constitute a higher weight percentage in the unfired bricks, and the strength (36 MPa) of the prepared unfired bricks is significantly higher than in the other embodiments.
Claims
1. Non-fired bricks prepared using polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings, characterized by: The raw materials used and their weight percentages are as follows: 100 parts dry mix, 13-17 parts distilled water; the raw material composition and weight percentages of the dry mix are as follows: 40-60 parts polyaluminum chloride slag, 30-50 parts tailings, 15-25 parts quicklime.
2. The non-fired brick prepared using polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials used and their weight proportions are as follows: 100 parts dry mix, 15 parts distilled water; the raw material composition and weight proportions of the dry mix are as follows: 50 parts polyaluminum chloride slag, 50 parts tailings, 20 parts quicklime.
3. The non-fired brick prepared using polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials used to prepare non-fired bricks using polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings are as follows: 100 parts dry mix and 17 parts distilled water; the raw material composition and weight percentage of the dry mix are as follows: 60 parts polyaluminum chloride slag, 40 parts tailings, and 15 parts quicklime.
4. The non-fired brick prepared using polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials used to prepare non-fired bricks using polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings are as follows: 100 parts dry mix and 13 parts distilled water; the raw material composition of the dry mix and the weight of each raw material are as follows: 55 parts polyaluminum chloride slag, 45 parts tailings, and 25 parts quicklime.
5. A method for preparing non-fired bricks, based on the non-fired bricks prepared using polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings as described in claim 2, characterized in that the steps include... as follows: S01, Raw material pretreatment: Dry the polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings separately. After both are naturally cooled, crush the polyaluminum chloride slag and pass it through a 50-mesh sieve. Crush the tailings and pass it through a 100-mesh sieve. S02, Preparation of the mixture: Based on the raw material composition and weight ratio of each raw material in the dry mixture, weigh 50 parts of polyaluminum chloride slag, 50 parts of tailings ore and 20 parts of quicklime respectively, and mix them thoroughly to obtain the dry mixture; then add 15% of the weight of the dry mixture of distilled water, and mix thoroughly to obtain the mixture. S03, aging: The mixture is aged at room temperature for 24 hours to ensure that the raw materials are fully mixed and homogenized, the moisture is homogenized, and ion exchange is carried out, so that the silicate minerals in the raw materials come into contact with the water and hydrolyze into cementing substances, thereby improving the plasticity of the raw materials. S04, Press molding: Using a pressure testing machine or brick making machine, the aged mixture is pressed under a pressure of 30MPa for 60s to obtain a brick blank; S05, normal temperature curing: Cur the brick blanks in a natural environment for 7 days, and sprinkle water on the surface of the brick blanks once every 3 days to prevent the brick blanks from cracking and to provide sufficient moisture for the hydration reaction. S06, Drying: Dry the unfired bricks that have been cured to the target number of days in an oven at 105℃ for 10 hours to obtain the finished unfired bricks.
6. A method for preparing non-fired bricks, based on the non-fired bricks prepared using polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings as described in claim 3, characterized in that the steps include... as follows: S01, Raw material pretreatment: Dry the polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings separately. After both are naturally cooled, crush the polyaluminum chloride slag and pass it through a 60-mesh sieve. Crush the tailings and pass it through a 100-mesh sieve. S02, Preparation of the mixture: Based on the raw material composition and weight ratio of each raw material in the dry mixture, weigh 60 parts of polyaluminum chloride slag, 40 parts of tailings ore and 15 parts of quicklime respectively, and mix them thoroughly to obtain the dry mixture; then add 17% of the weight of the dry mixture of distilled water, and mix thoroughly to obtain the mixture. S03, aging: The mixture is aged at room temperature for 20 hours to ensure that the raw materials are fully mixed and homogenized, and to carry out ion exchange, so that the silicate minerals in the raw materials come into contact with water and hydrolyze into cementing substances, thereby improving the plasticity of the raw materials. S04, Press molding: Using a pressure testing machine or brick making machine, the aged mixture is pressed under a pressure of 40MPa for 30s to obtain brick blanks; S05, normal temperature curing: Cur the brick blanks in a natural environment for 7 days, and sprinkle water on the surface of the brick blanks once every 3 days to prevent the brick blanks from cracking and to provide sufficient moisture for the hydration reaction. S06, Drying: Dry the unfired bricks that have been cured to the target number of days in an oven at 105℃ for 10 hours to obtain the finished unfired bricks.
7. A method for preparing non-fired bricks, based on the non-fired bricks prepared using polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings as described in claim 4, characterized in that the steps include... as follows: S01, Raw material pretreatment: Dry the polyaluminum chloride slag and tailings separately. After both are naturally cooled, crush the polyaluminum chloride slag and pass it through an 80-mesh sieve. Crush the tailings and pass it through a 100-mesh sieve. S02, Preparation of the mixture: Based on the raw material composition and weight ratio of each raw material in the dry mixture, weigh 55 parts of polyaluminum chloride slag, 45 parts of tailings ore and 25 parts of quicklime respectively, and mix them thoroughly to obtain the dry mixture; then add 13% of the weight of the dry mixture of distilled water, and mix thoroughly to obtain the mixture. S03, aging: The mixture is aged at room temperature for 22 hours to ensure that the raw materials are fully mixed and homogenized, and to carry out ion exchange, so that the silicate minerals in the raw materials come into contact with water and hydrolyze into cementing substances, thereby improving the plasticity of the raw materials; S04, Press molding: Using a pressure testing machine or brick making machine, the aged mixture is pressed under a pressure of 35MPa for 60s to obtain brick blanks; S05, normal temperature curing: Cur the brick blanks in a natural environment for 7 days, and sprinkle water on the surface of the brick blanks once every 3 days to prevent the brick blanks from cracking and to provide sufficient moisture for the hydration reaction. S06, Drying: Dry the unfired bricks that have been cured to the target number of days in an oven at 105℃ for 10 hours to obtain the finished unfired bricks.