A method for inorganic-mineral-biological balanced fertilization of rice straw returned to field in cold region

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for inorganic-mineral-biological balanced fertilization of rice straw in cold regions, using mid-to-late maturing varieties that are disease-resistant, lodging-resistant, and have good yield stability. After rice harvest, the straw is shredded and returned to the field in full, followed by deep plowing. From May 10th to 20th, rice seedlings with an age of 30-45 days, 4-5 leaves, and a plant height of 15-20cm are transplanted, with 4-6 seedlings per hill. The base fertilizer is applied in one application before or after paddy flooding. Five to ten days after transplanting, a top dressing of tillering fertilizer is applied, and in mid-July, a top dressing of panicle fertilizer is applied. Through trials conducted in typical areas and using high-quality rice varieties in major rice-producing regions of Heilongjiang Province, yields were increased to varying degrees in all three accumulated temperature zones. The yield increase rate for rice in the first accumulated temperature zone ranged from 4.58% to 16.34%, in the second zone from 6.78% to 21.19%, and in the third zone from 2.61% to 17.39%. Simultaneously, the frequency and amount of chemical fertilizer application were reduced, while ensuring sufficient nutrient supply, thus better meeting the growth needs of rice throughout its entire growth cycle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural technology, specifically relating to a method for inorganic-mineral-biological balanced fertilization of cold-region japonica rice straw. Background Technology

[0002] The continuous and excessive use of chemical fertilizers in paddy fields in the black soil region has led to degradation problems such as a shallow topsoil and compacted soil, which has attracted considerable attention from scholars. Returning straw to the field is considered the most effective and economical technical measure to protect black soil. The incorporation of crop residues such as straw has positive impacts on agriculture, including improving nutrient utilization and water retention, improving soil structure, and reducing the risk of erosion. Therefore, returning straw to the field can reduce soil degradation, maintain soil fertility, and promote crop production in intensive agricultural systems.

[0003] The amount of microbial fertilizer applied and the soil quality are important regulatory factors affecting the quality construction and yield of high-efficiency rice populations. The application of bio-fertilizer and micronutrient fertilizer can significantly increase rice yield, which may be related to the following factors: (1) Micronutrients improve the nutrient deficiency of rice, balance the relationship between micronutrients and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and improve the economic traits of rice, such as thousand-grain weight and panicle length. (2) Beneficial bacteria in bio-fertilizer participate in the transformation of soil materials, activate soil enzyme activity, thereby accelerating the decomposition of organic matter in the soil, promoting the transformation of fixed nutrients in the soil into available nutrients, and further promoting the growth of plant roots and aboveground parts.

[0004] Currently, researchers have conducted extensive studies on reducing fertilizer application and developed a series of fertilizer substitution technologies, which have been promoted. However, application demonstrations have not been well integrated with straw return to the field. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an inorganic-mineral-biological balanced fertilization method for straw return to the field of cold-region japonica rice to improve soil arability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings, the purpose of this invention is to solve the defects existing in the prior art and to propose an inorganic-mineral-biological balanced fertilization method for returning rice straw to the field in cold regions.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A method for inorganic-mineral-biological balanced fertilization of cold-region japonica rice straw return to the field includes:

[0008] 1. Variety: Select medium-to-late maturing rice varieties that are disease-resistant, lodging-resistant, and have good yield stability.

[0009] 2. Land preparation: After rice harvest, the straw is crushed and returned to the field in full. Large tractors equipped with moldboard plows or disc plows are used for deep plowing to a depth of 25-30cm to make the soil in the field level.

[0010] 3. Transplanting date: May 10-20, seedling age 30-45 days, leaf age 4-5 leaves, plant height 15-20cm.

[0011] 4. Rice transplanting quality: Use a rice transplanter with 4-6 seedlings per hill, transplanting straight, evenly, and fully, without floating seedlings, and at a depth of no more than one inch. Do not transplant diseased or weak seedlings.

[0012] 5. Fertilizer Management: Apply base fertilizer once before flooding or after flooding using a specialized rice transplanter, followed by tillering fertilizer 5-10 days after transplanting. Apply panicle fertilizer in mid-July (early heading stage of rice). Recommended fertilizer application rate: 300 kg / hm² for base fertilizer (N-P₂O₅-K₂O: 20-17-17) in the first accumulated temperature zone. 2 Zinc sulfate 15 kg / hm 2 Apply 150 kg / hm² of mineral bio-fertilizer as top dressing during the greening process. 2 75 kg / hm of urea 2 Top-dress with 75 kg / hm of urea as ear fertilizer. 2 Potassium sulfate 30 kg / hm 2 Base fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 20-17-17) 270-300 kg / hm² in the second accumulated temperature zone 2 Zinc sulfate 15 kg / hm 2 Apply 150 kg / hm² of mineral bio-fertilizer as top dressing during the greening process. 2 75 kg / hm of urea 2 Top-dress with 75 kg / hm of urea as ear fertilizer. 2 Potassium sulfate 30 kg / hm 2 Base fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 20-17-17) 240-270 kg / hm² in the third accumulated temperature zone 2 Zinc sulfate 15 kg / hm 2 Apply 150 kg / hm² of mineral bio-fertilizer as top dressing during the greening process. 2 75 kg / hm of urea 2 Top-dress with 75 kg / hm of urea as ear fertilizer. 2 Potassium sulfate 30 kg / hm 2 .

[0013] 6. Chemical weed control: Select rice-specific spraying equipment, formulate appropriate formulas based on the weed occurrence in the field, and adopt a "prevention" weed control strategy that combines pre-emergence and post-emergence weed control.

[0014] 7. Pest and disease control: The principle of "prevention first and comprehensive control" should be adhered to, and appropriate pesticides should be selected for control at the appropriate growth stage.

[0015] 8. Returning straw to the field: Rice straw can be crushed by the crushing device of the combine harvester, or crushed and returned to the field by a straw crusher after harvest. The length of the chopped stalks should be ≤5cm, the qualified rate of the chopped length should be ≥85%, and the straw should be evenly scattered.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0017] Through trials conducted in typical areas and using high-quality rice varieties in major rice-producing regions of Heilongjiang Province, yields were increased to varying degrees in all three accumulated temperature zones. The yield increase rate for rice in the first accumulated temperature zone ranged from 4.58% to 16.34%, in the second zone from 6.78% to 21.19%, and in the third zone from 2.61% to 17.39%. Simultaneously, the frequency and amount of chemical fertilizer application were reduced, while ensuring sufficient nutrient supply, thus better meeting the growth needs of rice throughout its entire growth cycle. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0019] Example 1

[0020] A method for inorganic-mineral-biological balanced fertilization of cold-region japonica rice straw for returning to the field

[0021] Base fertilizer includes rice-specific fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 20-17-17, zinc sulfate urea, potassium chloride, and mineral bio-fertilizer (effective live bacteria count ≥200 million / g, SiO2 ≥20%, K2O ≥2%, Ca+Mg+S ≥12%).

[0022] Embodiment 1 of the present invention also provides a method for balanced fertilization using straw returned to the field, as follows:

[0023] The experiment was conducted in Acheng District, Fangzheng County and Tonghe County of Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province in 2022. The rice varieties planted were Xiang 9, Longyang 16 and Tianlongjing 311, respectively. The straw was deeply plowed to 15 cm and returned to the field in full. The soil type was black soil. The rice was sown on May 10.

[0024] Fertilization method:

[0025] CK: Rice-specific fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 20-17-17) 320 kg·hm -2 Apply 300 kg·hm of urea. -2 ;

[0026] T1: Standard 300 kg·hm -2+Zinc sulfate 15kg / hm 2 (Apply 150 kg / hm of mineral bio-fertilizer as top dressing during the greening process) -2 75 kg·hm of urea -2 Topdressing with 75 kg / hm of urea as fertilizer during the ear of grain. -2 30 kg·hm of potassium sulfate -2 );

[0027] T2: Standard 280kg·hm -2 +Zinc sulfate 15kg / hm 2 (Apply 150 kg / hm of mineral bio-fertilizer as top dressing during the greening process) -2 75 kg·hm of urea -2 Topdressing with 75 kg / hm of urea as fertilizer during the ear of grain. -2 30 kg·hm of potassium sulfate -2 );

[0028] T3: Standard 260kg·hm -2 +Zinc sulfate 15kg / hm 2 (Apply 150 kg / hm of mineral bio-fertilizer as top dressing during the greening process) -2 75 kg·hm of urea -2 Topdressing with 75 kg / hm of urea as fertilizer during the ear of grain. -2 30 kg·hm of potassium sulfate -2 );

[0029] T4: Standard 240kg·hm -2 +Zinc sulfate 15kg / hm 2 (Apply 150 kg / hm of mineral bio-fertilizer as top dressing during the greening process) -2 75 kg·hm of urea -2 Topdressing with 75 kg / hm of urea as fertilizer during the ear of grain. -2 30 kg·hm of potassium sulfate -2 ).

[0030] Table 1. Effects of different fertilization treatments coupled with straw return on rice yield and its components.

[0031]

[0032] Note: Different lowercase letters after the data in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

[0033] Table 1 shows that the results of the rice cultivation test in Acheng indicated no significant differences in tiller number, panicle length, single panicle grain weight, and thousand-grain weight among the treatments. Regarding plant height, treatments T1–T4 were significantly higher than the control (CK) treatment (P<0.05), with increases ranging from 4.78% to 13.83%. There was no significant difference in grain empty rate between treatments T1–T3 and the CK treatment. Rice yields for each treatment ranged from 7347.40 to 8548.00 kg·hm².-2 Compared with the CK treatment, the T1 to T4 treatments all showed varying degrees of yield increase, with the increase rate ranging from 4.58% to 16.34%.

[0034] The results of the Fangzheng variety test showed that, in terms of thousand-grain weight, the T1 and T3 treatments were significantly higher than the CK treatment (P<0.05), increasing by 1.95% and 3.21%, respectively. Rice yields for each treatment ranged from 7870.60 to 9538.10 kg / hm². 2 Compared with the CK treatment, the T1 to T4 treatments all showed varying degrees of yield increase, with the increase rate ranging from 6.78% to 21.19%.

[0035] The results of the rice variety evaluation in Tonghe showed that, in terms of plant height, the T4 treatment had the highest value, which was significantly different from the CK treatment (P<0.05). In terms of thousand-grain weight, the T1 treatment had the highest value, reaching 24.80 g, which was significantly different from the T2 and T4 treatments (P<0.05). The rice yield of each treatment ranged from 7670.50 to 9004.50 kg·hm². -2 Compared with the CK treatment, the T1 to T4 treatments all showed varying degrees of yield increase, with the increase rate ranging from 2.61% to 17.39%.

[0036] It is evident that the inorganic-mineral-biological balanced fertilization method of returning rice straw to the field in cold regions has a significant effect on increasing the thousand-grain weight of rice, which is one of the important reasons for increasing rice yield. Therefore, this technology plays a promoting role in the composition of rice yield. This indicates that the fertilization method of this invention can promote rice tillering and has a significant effect on increasing rice yield.

[0037] The specific embodiments of the present invention described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made in accordance with the technical concept of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for inorganic-mineral-biological balanced fertilization of cold-region japonica rice straw return to the field, comprising: (1) Land preparation: The harvested rice straw is crushed, returned to the field in full, and deep plowing is carried out to complete the land preparation process; (2) Transplanting: Transplant rice seedlings in mid-May, with 4-6 seedlings per hole; (3) Fertilization: Apply fertilizer before flooding the field or apply fertilizer deeply after flooding the field. Apply base fertilizer once. Apply fertilizer for tillering 5-10 days after transplanting. Apply top dressing fertilizer for heading in mid-July. Apply fertilizer according to the requirements of different accumulated temperature zones. (4) Chemical weeding: Pre-emergence weeding combined with post-emergence weeding after sowing; (5) Pest and disease control; including: Step (3) Fertilization according to different accumulated temperature zones includes: Fertilization in the first accumulated temperature zone includes: Base fertilizer: 300 kg / hm 2 Zinc sulfate 15 kg / hm 2 ; Topdressing with mineral bio-fertilizer: 150 kg / hm² 2 75 kg / hm of urea 2 ; Topdressing with fertilizer during the heading stage: 75 kg / hm² of urea 2 Potassium sulfate 30 kg / hm 2 ; Fertilization in the second accumulated temperature zone includes: Base fertilizer: 270-300 kg / hm 2 Zinc sulfate 15 kg / hm 2 ; Topdressing with mineral bio-fertilizer: 150 kg / hm² 2 75 kg / hm of urea 2 ; Topdressing with fertilizer during the heading stage: 75 kg / hm² of urea 2 Potassium sulfate 30 kg / hm 2 ; Fertilization in the third accumulated temperature zone includes: Base fertilizer: 240-270 kg / hm 2 Zinc sulfate 15 kg / hm 2 ; Topdressing with mineral bio-fertilizer: 150 kg / hm² 2 75 kg / hm of urea 2 ; Topdressing with fertilizer during the heading stage: 75 kg / hm² of urea 2 Potassium sulfate 30 kg / hm 2 ; The base fertilizer is made by mixing N-P2O5-K2O in a mass ratio of 20:17:

17.

2. The fertilization method according to claim 1, wherein: The deep turning depth mentioned in step (1) is 25-30cm.

3. The fertilization method according to claim 1, wherein: The rice straw in step (1) is crushed to a length ≤5cm, and the qualified rate of the chopped length is ≥85%.

4. The fertilization method according to claim 1, wherein: The rice seedlings in step (2) are 30-45 days old, have 4-5 leaves, and are 15-20 cm tall.

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