Corn harvester grading and screening low-loss threshing device

Abstract

The present invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to a grading and screening low-loss threshing device for a corn harvester. The device comprises: a frame; a low-loss threshing mechanism, comprising three threshing drums connected in sequence, and the threshing drums are arranged at an angle, the cavities of the threshing drums are interconnected, and a rotating threshing element is arranged in the cavity of each threshing drum; a grading and screening mechanism, comprising a grading concave plate screen and a filter screen, the grading concave plate screen is located below the threshing drum, the grading concave plate screen is arranged at an angle, the filter screen is located below the grading concave plate screen, and the filter screen is connected to the frame through a spring. The device reduces the damage rate of corn kernels during the threshing process, improves the threshing effect of corn, and ensures the cleanliness of corn separation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to a grading, screening and low-loss threshing device for a corn harvester. Background Art

[0002] Corn harvesters are agricultural machinery that mechanically complete multiple operations such as picking ears, stacking, and returning stalks to the field at one time when corn is ripe. At present, corn harvesters are gradually becoming popular in China, but the threshing damage rate of corn harvesters during the harvesting process is still high, and there are many impurities mixed in the corn kernels after threshing, resulting in poor harvest quality, which seriously restricts the development of my country's corn harvester industry. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art and propose a corn harvester grading screening low-loss threshing device, which reduces the damage rate of corn kernels during the threshing process, improves the threshing effect of corn, and ensures the cleanliness of corn threshing.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is: a corn harvester grading screening low-loss threshing device, comprising a frame, wherein the device also includes:

[0005] The low-loss threshing mechanism comprises three threshing drums connected in sequence, and the threshing drums are arranged obliquely, the cavities of the threshing drums are interconnected, and a rotating threshing element is respectively arranged in the cavity of each threshing drum;

[0006] The grading screening mechanism comprises a grading concave plate screen and a filter screen. The grading concave plate screen is located below the threshing drum and is arranged in an inclined manner. The filter screen is located below the grading concave plate screen and is connected to the frame through a spring.

[0007] In the present invention, a corn ear entrance is provided on the top of the frame;

[0008] A corn kernel outlet is arranged at the bottom of the frame, a corn cob inlet is connected with a low-loss threshing mechanism, and the corn kernel outlet is located below the filter screen.

[0009] Among several threshing drums connected in sequence, the threshing drum connected to the corn ear entrance is higher than the other threshing drums.

[0010] The threshing drum comprises an upper cover plate and a separation concave screen, the upper cover plate and the separation concave screen form a cavity, and a threshing element is arranged in the cavity;

[0011] The upper cover plates of two adjacent rollers are connected by a rolling curtain type flexible plate, and the adjacent two separation concave screens are connected by a hinge;

[0012] The separation concave screen is provided with sieve holes, and along the inclined direction from top to bottom of the threshing drum, the sizes of the sieve holes on the separation concave screen gradually increase.

[0013] Each threshing drum is connected to the frame via an electric push rod;

[0014] Flow sensors are respectively arranged on the corn cob feeding inlet and the separation concave screen.

[0015] The threshing element comprises:

[0016] A roller shaft connected to a power drive mechanism;

[0017] The spring tooth base is fixed at intervals on the outer surface of the roller shaft;

[0018] The round-head nail tooth is arranged in the spring tooth base and is connected to the spring tooth base through a spring.

[0019] The power drive mechanism comprises:

[0020] Drive motor;

[0021] A working transmission shaft I, one end of which is drivingly connected to the drive motor, and the other end of which is drivingly connected to the working transmission shaft II;

[0022] Working transmission shaft II is connected with the roller shaft for transmission.

[0023] The grading concave plate screen comprises a circular hole type concave plate screen, a grid bar concave plate screen, and a cylindrical concave plate screen which are connected in sequence and are respectively located directly below the threshing drum;

[0024] The round hole type concave screen is higher than the other concave screens, and the round hole type concave screen is located below the separation concave screen with the smallest screen holes, and the cylindrical concave screen is located below the separation concave screen with the largest screen holes.

[0025] The grading concave plate screen comprises an arc-shaped screen plate convex toward the frame base;

[0026] The round hole concave plate screen has several round holes arranged at intervals on the arc-shaped screen plate, the grid bar concave plate screen has several grid bar holes arranged at intervals on the arc-shaped screen plate, and the cylindrical concave plate screen has several round bar holes arranged at intervals on the arc-shaped screen plate;

[0027] The arc-shaped sieve plates of adjacent circular hole concave plate screens, grid bar concave plate screens and cylindrical concave plate screens are fixedly connected in sequence.

[0028] The filter screen is connected to an adjustable spring base arranged on the frame through a spring, and the adjustable spring base is connected to the frame through bolts;

[0029] The filter screen is provided with a plurality of filter holes, and the corn kernels falling on the filter screen directly fall to the corn kernel outlet below through the filter holes.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0031] (1) The low-damage threshing mechanism of the present application includes several threshing drums, the cavity spaces inside the threshing drums are connected, which ensures the closedness of the threshing working environment and prevents external impurities from mixing into the corn. In addition, elastically adjustable threshing nail teeth are used to better reduce the damage rate of corn kernels during the threshing process.

[0032] (2) The grading and screening mechanism adopts a grading concave plate screen, which includes three arc-shaped screen plates connected in sequence. These three arc-shaped screen plates can screen out corn kernels, corn stalks, large impurities, and corn cobs respectively. After the above substances fall on the filter screen respectively, the corn kernels are separated and collected separately, and the corn stalks, large impurities, corn cobs, etc. are transported out by other means, thereby ensuring the cleanliness of corn threshing and improving the effect of corn threshing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a right side cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional structure of the low-loss threshing structure;

[0035] Figure 3 It is a top view structural diagram of the grading and screening mechanism.

[0036] In the figure: 1-driving motor, 2-working transmission shaft I, 3-working transmission shaft II, 4-front end fixing frame, 5-rear end fixing frame, 6-threshing drum upper cover,

[0037] 7-threshing drum, 71-elastic tooth base, 72-round head nail teeth, 73-drum upper cover plate, 74-rolling curtain type flexible plate, 75-hinge, 76-electric push rod, 77-flow sensor, 78-separation concave plate screen,

[0038] 8-grading concave plate screen, 81-circular hole type concave plate screen, 82-grid bar concave plate screen, 83-cylindrical concave plate screen;

[0039] 9-Feed the corn cobs into the mouth,

[0040] 10-Adjustable spring base, 101-Nut, 102-Upper cover,

[0041] 11-spring, 12-pulley base, 13-filter screen, 14-corn kernel outlet, 15-sliding filter screen base, 16-frame. Implementation

[0042] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] In the following description, specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in a variety of other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, the corn harvester grading and screening low-loss threshing device of the present invention comprises a frame 16, a low-loss threshing mechanism and a grading and screening mechanism, and the low-loss threshing mechanism and the grading and screening mechanism are both arranged in the frame 16. A corn ear feeding inlet 9 is provided at the top of the frame 16, and a pulley base 12 and a corn kernel outlet 14 are provided at the bottom of the frame 16.

[0045] The top of the corn cob feeding port 9 is located outside the frame 16, and the bottom of the corn cob feeding port 9 is connected to the low-loss threshing mechanism. In this embodiment, an inlet guide baffle 91 is provided at the top thereof, and when the corn is introduced into the device through the corn cob feeding port 9, the inlet guide baffle 91 can guide the corn to fall into the low-loss threshing mechanism in an orderly manner.

[0046] In this embodiment, the bottom surface of the frame 16 is in an inverted cone shape, and a plurality of pulley bases 12 are provided at the bottom of the frame 16. The pulley base 12 includes a support rod and a pulley located at the bottom of the support rod, and the pulley facilitates the sliding of the frame 16. A corn kernel outlet 14 is provided at the bottom end of the inverted cone of the bottom surface of the frame. Clean corn kernels processed by the device fall from the corn kernel outlet 14 and are output. An outlet guide plate 141 is provided at the corn kernel outlet 14 to guide the corn kernels to roll down in an orderly manner.

[0047] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the low-loss threshing mechanism includes a plurality of threshing drums 7 that are interconnected, and the threshing drum 7 includes a drum upper cover plate 73 and a separation concave plate screen 78. A cavity is formed between the drum upper cover plate 73 and the separation concave plate screen 78, and the cavity can keep the threshing environment closed to prevent the threshing environment from being polluted. The cavities of the plurality of threshing drums 7 are interconnected. In this embodiment, a cylindrical cavity is formed between the drum upper cover plate 73 and the separation concave plate screen 78. A threshing element is arranged in the cavity, and the threshing element rotates in the cavity.

[0048] In this embodiment, the threshing element includes a roller shaft, a spring tooth base 71 and a round-headed nail tooth 72. Several spring tooth bases 71 are fixed at intervals on the outer surface of the roller shaft, and the round-headed nail teeth 72 can be elastically arranged on the spring tooth base 71. In this embodiment, several fixing holes are arranged at intervals on the outer surface of the roller shaft, and the spring tooth base 71 is arranged in the fixing holes by welding. The spring tooth base 71 and the round-headed nail teeth 72 are connected by a spring. The force generated when the round-headed nail teeth 72 contact the corn cob can be flexibly adjusted by the elastic force in the spring, thereby reducing the damage rate of the corn kernels. At the same time, the spring connection realizes the adjustable length of the round-headed nail teeth 72. The round head of the round-headed nail teeth 72 and the adjustable length of the nail teeth can not only reduce the loss of corn kernels, but also improve the striking efficiency of the nail teeth, thereby achieving the effect of high-efficiency and low-loss threshing.

[0049] The threshing element in the threshing drum is connected to the power drive mechanism. In this embodiment, a power drive mechanism is provided corresponding to each threshing drum. The power drive mechanism includes a drive motor 1, and the drive motor 1 is connected to the central axis of the spring tooth base 71 through a transmission shaft. The transmission shaft in this embodiment includes a working transmission shaft I2 and a working transmission shaft II3, and the drive motor 1 and the working transmission shaft I2 are located outside the frame, and the working transmission shaft II3 is located inside the frame. One end of the working transmission shaft I2 is transmission-connected to the output shaft of the drive motor 1, and the other end of the working transmission shaft I2 is transmission-connected to the working transmission shaft II3. The working transmission shaft II3 is rotationally connected to the roller shaft. A front end fixing frame 4 and a rear end fixing frame 5 are fixed to the inner side of the frame, and the front end fixing frame 4 and the rear end fixing frame 5 support the roller shaft.

[0050] During the operation of the driving motor 1, the working transmission shaft I2 and the working transmission shaft II3 are driven to rotate in turn. During the rotation of the working transmission shaft II3, the roller shaft, the spring tooth base 71 and the round-headed nail teeth 72 on the roller shaft are driven to rotate. During the rotation of the round-headed nail teeth 72, the corn in the cavity of each threshing drum is struck, so that the corn kernels, corn stalks and corn cobs are separated.

[0051] Several threshing drums 7 are arranged in the horizontal direction, and the adjacent threshing drums are inclined, so after the several threshing drums are connected, they form a certain angle with the horizontal direction, wherein the threshing drum 7 connected to the corn ear feeding port 9 is located at the highest point. This embodiment includes three connected threshing drums, and the angle between the three connected threshing drums and the horizontal direction is 35°. During the threshing process, the corn ears can be rolled in several threshing drums in turn by the gravity of the corn itself, and the threshing elements hit the corn during the rolling process, so that step-by-step threshing is achieved, and the threshing efficiency is high.

[0052] The present embodiment includes three connected threshing drums 7, the drum cover plates of two adjacent threshing drums are connected by a rolling curtain type flexible plate 74, and the separation concave plate screens of two adjacent threshing drums are connected by a hinge 75. Therefore, the two adjacent threshing drums are movably connected, and the height and angle of the threshing drums can be conveniently adjusted to ensure sufficient threshing of corn kernels.

[0053] The threshing drum 7 is connected to the inner surface of the adjacent frame by an electric push rod 76. In the present embodiment, the threshing drums on both sides are connected to the inner side of the frame by electric push rods 76. The threshing drum located in the middle is connected to the inner top surface of the frame by an electric push rod.

[0054] The corn cob feeding port 9 and the separation concave screen of each threshing drum are respectively provided with a flow sensor 77, and the feeding amount of corn is detected by the flow sensor 77. When the feeding amount of corn is too large, the flow sensor 77 transmits a signal to the electric push rod 76. During the operation of the electric push rod 76, the angle of each threshing drum is adjusted to reduce the angle between the threshing drum and the horizontal plane, thereby reducing the feeding speed of corn. When the feeding amount of corn is too small, the flow sensor 77 transmits a signal to the electric push rod 76. During the operation of the electric push rod 76, the angle between the threshing drum and the horizontal plane increases, thereby increasing the feeding speed of corn. Through the above adjustment process, a constant feeding amount of corn is guaranteed.

[0055] The threshing action is achieved through the squeezing and rubbing between the roller and the separation concave screen, and the beating of the corn by the round-headed nail teeth. The separation concave screen is provided with sieve holes. In this embodiment, different separation concave screens are provided with sieve holes of different sizes. Along the inclination direction of the drum, the size of the sieve holes on the separation concave screen gradually increases, that is, the sieve hole size on the separation concave screen at the highest point is the smallest, and the sieve hole size on the separation concave screen at the lowest point is the largest.

[0056] During the rotation of the roller shaft, first in the threshing drum at the highest point, after the corn kernels are separated from the corn, they can fall into the grading and screening mechanism below through the sieve holes on the separation concave screen. The detached materials that cannot pass through the separation concave screen are thrown out to the next threshing drum as the roller shaft rotates, until the relevant detached materials reach the separation concave screen where they can fall through the sieve holes. In this way, all the detached materials generated after corn threshing can fall into the grading and screening mechanism.

[0057] The grading screening mechanism includes a grading concave screen 8 and a filter screen 13. The grading concave screen 8 is located below the threshing drum 7, and the filter screen 13 is located below the grading concave screen 8. The grading concave screen 8 is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the frame, and the filter screen 13 is connected to an adjustable spring base 10 fixed on the inner side wall of the frame through a spring. In this embodiment, a sliding filter screen base 15 is provided below both ends of the filter screen 13, and the sliding filter screen base 15 is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the frame, and the sliding filter screen base 15 supports the filter screen 13 above it.

[0058] like Figure 3 As shown, the graded concave plate screen 8 includes three levels of concave plate screens, which respectively include a first-level circular hole type concave plate screen 81, a second-level grid bar concave plate screen 82 and a third-level cylindrical concave plate screen 83 connected in sequence. In this embodiment, the concave plate screen is an arc-shaped screen plate convex to the direction of the frame base. The first-level circular hole type concave plate screen is a plurality of circular holes arranged at intervals on the arc-shaped screen plate, and the corn kernels are separated through the concave plate screen. The second-level grid bar concave plate screen is a plurality of grid-shaped strip holes arranged at intervals on the arc-shaped screen plate, and the corn stalks and large impurities in the detached material are separated through the concave plate screen. The third-level cylindrical concave plate screen is a plurality of circular bar holes arranged at intervals on the arc-shaped screen plate, and the corn cobs after threshing are separated through the concave plate screen. The substances separated by the graded concave plate screen 8 fall directly on the filter screen 13 below it.

[0059] In this embodiment, the arc-shaped sieve plates of the circular hole concave screen 81, the grid bar concave screen 82 and the cylindrical concave screen 83 are connected in sequence, and the angle between the graded concave screen 8 and the horizontal direction after being connected in sequence is 35°, wherein the circular hole concave screen 81 is higher than the cylindrical concave screen 83. Under the action of gravity, the corn kernels, corn stalks, large impurities, and corn cobs are sequentially flowed on each graded concave screen.

[0060] In this embodiment, the circular hole concave screen 81 is located below the separation concave screen with the smallest sieve hole, and the cylindrical concave screen is located below the separation concave screen with the largest sieve hole. In other words, the first-level separation screening can be achieved through the low-loss threshing mechanism, and the second-level separation screening can be performed through the grading concave screen. Through the above-mentioned secondary screening, the efficiency of grading screening is improved, and the final graded crops are cleaner.

[0061] The adjustable spring base 10 includes a nut 101, an upper cover 102, a bolt and a rubber lining, and the bolt is fixedly connected to the frame through the nut 101 and the upper cover 102. The upper cover 102 is connected to the filter screen 13 through the spring 11. In this embodiment, the symmetrical two sides of the filter screen 13 are respectively connected to the adjustable spring base fixedly set on the frame through the spring 11, and the adjustable spring base plays a supporting role for the filter screen 13.

[0062] The position of the adjustable spring base 10 is adjustable, and the adjustable spring base 10 is connected to the spring of the filter screen 13 support, and the vibration of the filter screen 13 is achieved by the elastic force in the spring. When the weight of the material to be filtered falling on the filter screen 13 is different, the angle and height of the filter screen 13 can be adjusted at any time, ensuring a better filtering effect of the filter screen.

[0063] In this embodiment, the angle between the filter screen 13 and the horizontal plane is 28°, and this angle can make the filtering process of the corn extract smoother. The filter screen 13 is provided with a plurality of filter holes. After the corn kernels, corn stalks, large impurities, and corn cobs falling on the filter screen 13 fall on the filter screen 13, the corn kernels will pass through the filter holes on the filter screen 13 and directly fall into the corn kernel outlet 14 below it and be assembled. The corn stalks, large impurities, and corn cobs at the separated part fall along the inclined filter screen 13 to the impurity discharge outlet, so as to prevent the above substances from accumulating on the filter screen 13.

[0064] The working process of the device is as follows. First, corn enters the threshing drum of the low-loss threshing device through the corn cob feeding port 9. Under its own gravity, the corn passes through each threshing drum in turn. During the rotation process, the threshing elements in each threshing drum hit the corn in the drum cavity, thereby realizing the separation of corn kernels from corn stalks and corn cobs. The corn kernels, corn stalks, corn cobs and large impurities produced by the low-loss threshing mechanism fall into the grading and screening mechanism. In the grading and screening mechanism, the above-mentioned materials are graded and screened by the grading screen and the concave plate screen. After the graded and screened corn kernels fall on the filter screen 13, they fall directly to the corn kernel outlet 14 through the filter holes on the filter screen 13, and the corn kernels are collected through the corn kernel outlet 14. Other materials, such as corn stalks, corn cobs and impurities, will be directly accumulated on the filter screen 13. Under the vibration and tilting action of the filter screen 13, the above-mentioned materials will be directly discharged through the impurity discharge port, thereby realizing the low-loss threshing, collection and graded screening of corn.

[0065] The above is a detailed introduction to the corn harvester grading, screening and low-loss threshing device provided by the present invention. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principles of the present invention, the present invention can also be improved and modified in a number of ways, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention. The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables professionals and technicians in this field to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to professionals and technicians in this field, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest range consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A corn harvester grading, screening and low-loss threshing device, comprising a frame, characterized in that: Also includes: The low-loss threshing mechanism comprises three threshing drums connected in sequence, and the threshing drums are arranged obliquely, the cavities of the threshing drums are interconnected, and a rotating threshing element is respectively arranged in the cavity of each threshing drum; The grading screening mechanism comprises a grading concave plate screen and a filter screen, wherein the grading concave plate screen is located below the threshing drum, the grading concave plate screen is inclined, the filter screen is located below the grading concave plate screen, and the filter screen is connected to the frame through a spring; The threshing drum comprises an upper cover plate and a separation concave screen, the upper cover plate and the separation concave screen form a cavity, and a threshing element is arranged in the cavity; The upper cover plates of two adjacent rollers are connected by a rolling curtain type flexible plate, and the adjacent two separation concave screens are connected by a hinge; The separation concave screen is provided with sieve holes, and the size of the sieve holes on the separation concave screen gradually increases along the inclined direction from top to bottom of the threshing drum; The grading concave plate screen comprises a circular hole type concave plate screen, a grid bar concave plate screen, and a cylindrical concave plate screen which are connected in sequence and are respectively located directly below the threshing drum; The round hole type concave screen is higher than the other concave screens, and the round hole type concave screen is located below the separation concave screen with the smallest screen holes, and the cylindrical concave screen is located below the separation concave screen with the largest screen holes.

2. The corn harvester grading, screening and low-loss threshing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A corn ear entrance is provided on the top of the frame; A corn kernel outlet is arranged at the bottom of the frame, a corn cob inlet is connected with a low-loss threshing mechanism, and the corn kernel outlet is located below the filter screen.

3. The corn harvester grading, screening and low-loss threshing device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Among several threshing drums connected in sequence, the threshing drum connected to the corn ear entrance is higher than the other threshing drums.

4. The corn harvester grading, screening and low-loss threshing device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Each threshing drum is connected to the frame via an electric push rod; Flow sensors are respectively arranged on the corn cob inlet and the separation concave screen.

5. The corn harvester grading, screening and low-loss threshing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The threshing element comprises: A roller shaft connected to a power drive mechanism; The spring tooth base is fixed at intervals on the outer surface of the roller shaft; The round-head nail tooth is arranged in the spring tooth base and is connected to the spring tooth base through a spring.

6. The corn harvester grading, screening and low-loss threshing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The power drive mechanism comprises: Drive motor; A working transmission shaft I, one end of which is drivingly connected to the drive motor, and the other end of which is drivingly connected to the working transmission shaft II; Working transmission shaft II is connected with the roller shaft for transmission.

7. The corn harvester grading, screening and low-loss threshing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grading concave plate screen comprises an arc-shaped screen plate convex toward the frame base; The round hole concave plate screen has several round holes arranged at intervals on the arc-shaped screen plate, the grid bar concave plate screen has several grid bar holes arranged at intervals on the arc-shaped screen plate, and the cylindrical concave plate screen has several round bar holes arranged at intervals on the arc-shaped screen plate; The arc-shaped sieve plates of the round hole concave plate screen, the grid bar concave plate screen and the cylindrical concave plate screen are fixedly connected in sequence.

8. The corn harvester grading, screening and low-loss threshing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The filter screen is connected to an adjustable spring base arranged on the frame through a spring, and the adjustable spring base is connected to the frame through bolts; The filter screen is provided with a plurality of filter holes, and the corn kernels falling on the filter screen directly fall to the corn kernel outlet below the filter screen through the filter holes.

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