A method for cultivating armillaria mellea fruiting bodies by using gordonii old and useless fungus materials

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating Armillaria mellea fruiting bodies by using old Gastrodia elata culture material, wherein the cultivation process of Armillaria mellea is optimized, so that the Armillaria mellea primordium and fruiting body induction rate can be provided, a large amount of Armillaria mellea can be cultured, the old Gastrodia elata culture material can be reused, the resource waste can be reduced, the ecological environment can be effectively protected, the economic income of the grower can be improved, the industrial development enthusiasm can be enhanced, the high-quality development and sustainable development of the Gastrodia elata industry can be promoted, and the development and utilization of the Armillaria mellea resource are laid a foundation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of edible fungi cultivation technology, specifically relating to a method for cultivating Armillaria mellea fruiting bodies using waste Gastrodia elata fungus material. Background Technology

[0002] Armillaria mellea, belonging to the class Basidiomycetae, order Hymenomycetes, family Tricholomataceae, and genus Armillaria, is also known as honey fungus, corn fungus, and oak fungus. Rich in nutrients, with a delicious, smooth, and crisp texture, its fruiting body, mycelium, and mycelial cords can all be used medicinally. It is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for stewing chicken and stir-frying, and is classified as a first-class food in some developed countries. It is also a valuable medicinal fungus with effects such as dispelling wind and clearing the meridians, calming the liver and extinguishing wind, and strengthening muscles and bones. It is used to treat insomnia, dizziness, headache, lower back and leg pain, and numbness in the limbs. Armillaria mellea is highly resilient and has a strong ability to infect trees, making it an essential symbiotic fungus for cultivating Gastrodia elata and Polyporus umbellatus.

[0003] Gastrodia elata is a traditional and precious Chinese medicinal herb, primarily used to treat headaches, dizziness, numbness of limbs, infantile convulsions, epilepsy, spasms, tetanus, and other ailments. In November 2019, the National Health Commission and the State Administration for Market Regulation included Gastrodia elata in the list of foods that can be used for health purposes, significantly expanding its potential. Simultaneously, with increasing demand, the planting area of ​​Gastrodia elata has been growing year by year. As a unique heterotrophic organism, it requires a symbiotic relationship with Armillaria mellea fungi; therefore, artificial cultivation of Gastrodia elata requires a large amount of wood to cultivate its symbiotic fungi. During the cultivation process, an average of 50-80 jin (25-40 catties) of wood is needed per square meter. Planting one crop of Gastrodia elata does not completely consume the fungal substrate, but the old substrate cannot be reused, otherwise it will lead to reduced yield or even crop failure. Therefore, how to effectively utilize old Gastrodia elata fungal substrate and reduce waste has always been one of the important issues facing Gastrodia elata producing areas nationwide.

[0004] When Armillaria mellea coexists with Gastrodia elata, it mainly grows in the form of mycelial cords, providing nutrients to the Gastrodia elata, and it is difficult to form primordia naturally. This invention targets the waste mycelial material after Gastrodia elata production. Through pretreatment, fruiting body cultivation, management, and harvesting, it improves the induction rate of Armillaria mellea fruiting bodies, realizing the recycling and reuse of waste Gastrodia elata mycelial material. This improves planting efficiency while protecting the ecological environment, achieving cost reduction and efficiency enhancement. It plays an important role in the sustainable development of the Gastrodia elata industry and the development and utilization of Armillaria mellea resources.

[0005] There are also some studies on the cultivation of Armillaria mellea using waste Gastrodia elata fungus, such as "Cultivation Technology and Reuse of Armillaria mellea Fungus" (Qu Jianzhong, "Hubei Forestry Science and Technology", 2016). For example, the patent document with patent number CN201910225808.2 discloses a method for producing Armillaria mellea strains using waste Gastrodia elata fungus, including the following steps: S1, treatment of small pieces of waste Gastrodia elata fungus, S2, treatment of nutrient solution, S3, preparation of compound nutrient solution, S4, treatment of fungus substrate, S5, inoculation and cultivation of Armillaria mellea, S6, observation and determination of cultivation characteristics and evaluation indicators of Armillaria mellea, and S7, screening and determination of optimal nutrient solution formula. Patent document CN201610994792.8 discloses a culture medium for Armillaria mellea used in the cultivation of Gastrodia elata and its preparation method. The culture medium is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150-180 parts straw, 60-80 parts garden waste, 30-50 parts sawdust, 10-15 parts wheat bran, 10-15 parts corn flour, 5-10 parts soybean flour, 2-5 parts gypsum powder, 3-8 parts nutrients, and 0.1-0.3 parts trace elements. However, existing technical research mainly focuses on the cultivation of Armillaria mellea strains and the research on culture medium / cultivation substrate. There is still relatively little research on how to improve the yield of Armillaria mellea cultivation based on resource recycling. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings and drawbacks of the existing technology, the present invention aims to provide a method for cultivating Armillaria mellea fruiting bodies using waste Gastrodia elata fungus.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is:

[0008] (1) Collection and selection of fungal material: When harvesting Gastrodia elata, from mid-November to early April of the following year, collect fungal material that has been planted once, is free from contamination by other fungi, and has Armillaria mellea. The Armillaria mellea mycelium should be brownish-red, tough, and without hollow parts.

[0009] (2) Pretreatment of fungal material: Select broad-leaved forests or mixed forests with a canopy closure of 50%-70%, requiring a layer of fallen leaves or humus such as ferns at the bottom. Place the collected fungal material vertically in a ring, with a round log with a diameter of about 10-20cm and slightly lower than the fungal material by 4-5cm in the middle. The log should be made of broad-leaved trees such as chestnut or birch, and the time away from the wood should not exceed 5 days, and the humidity should not be lower than 75%. Fill the gap between the round log and the fungal material with treated fern powder mixed with clove powder and rosemary powder, and then tie it tightly with a strap. Use Armillaria mellea cultivation inoculum at the bottom and Armillaria mellea cultivation inoculum at the top, and fill the gaps with Armillaria mellea cultivation inoculum fragments. Arrange the remaining fungal material in the same way, in rows; the interval between each row of fungal material is 1m.

[0010] The processing method for bracken fern is as follows: After harvesting the above-ground parts of the bracken fern, cut them into small sections of 1-1.5cm in length using a pig feed machine, and then sun-dry them until semi-dry. The mass ratio of bracken fern powder, clove powder, and rosemary powder is 50-70:5-8:6-10. When using logs to form a base and seal the top, the thickness of the Armillaria mellea spawn should be approximately 2-3cm. This spawn is best produced using raw materials suitable for Armillaria mellea growth, such as soybeans, cottonseed hulls, wheat bran, and cornmeal.

[0011] When treating the spawn, tear open the plastic bag and cut it into 2-3cm thick pieces. Place the pieces at the bottom and top of the log section. Fill the gaps between the log section and the bottom and top of the spawn with fragments of Armillaria mellea spawn, leaving no gaps.

[0012] (3) Armillaria mellea cultivation: The treated fungal material needs to be watered with nutrient solution to keep it moist, once every 10-20 days. The nutrient solution is calculated by mass ratio as follows: rice water: sugar: gypsum = 800-1000: 0.5-1.5: 0.5-1.5.

[0013] (4) Management: During the cultivation of Armillaria mellea, especially during the fruiting body growth period, pay attention to moisture retention, ventilation, and insect control. If ventilation is insufficient or the canopy is too dense, prune overly dense branches. Insect-proof boards or insect-proof lamps should be hung on branches near the Armillaria mellea substrate.

[0014] (5) Harvesting: The fruiting bodies of Armillaria mellea should be harvested promptly after they have grown. When harvesting, gently remove the fruiting bodies by pinching the roots and place them in a clean foam box that has been lined with a layer of shock-absorbing pads. Place them in a "head-to-head" and "tail-to-tail" manner, that is, the caps of one cluster of Armillaria melleas are connected to the caps of the next cluster of Armillaria melleas, and the stems are connected to the stems. Place a maximum of two layers, and separate each layer of fruiting bodies with shock-absorbing pads. After placing the outer layer, place another layer of shock-absorbing pads on top and seal the foam box lid to complete the harvest.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0016] Using the technical solution of this invention, each column of fungal substrate can produce 6-8 jin (3.5-4 catties) of Armillaria mellea fruiting bodies. Based on a market price of 20 yuan / jin, the output value of cultivating Armillaria mellea from each column of waste fungal substrate is approximately 120-160 yuan, while the cost of cultivating Gastrodia elata is 100-120 yuan / square meter. Cultivating Armillaria mellea from waste fungal substrate allows Gastrodia elata growers to recover their planting costs, achieving cost reduction and efficiency improvement. In this invention, bracken fern powder with clove powder and rosemary powder added in proportion is used. Firstly, bracken fern helps to retain heat and moisture, providing a warm and moist growth environment for Armillaria mellea, increasing the germination rate of Armillaria mellea mycelia, enhancing its growth advantage, and preventing contamination by other fungi. Secondly, while bracken fern powder is unfavorable to the growth of other fungi, it is beneficial to the germination of Armillaria mellea mycelia, providing certain nutrients for its growth. Thirdly, Armillaria mellea has a fragrant aroma, attracting insects such as ants and bedbugs; the addition of rosemary and clove powder effectively repels insects without affecting the growth and use of Armillaria mellea.

[0017] This technical solution not only provides the induction rate of Armillaria mellea primordia and fruiting bodies and cultivates a large number of Armillaria mellea, but also enables the reuse of waste Gastrodia elata fungus materials, reduces resource waste, effectively protects the ecological environment, increases the economic income of growers, and enhances the enthusiasm for industrial development. It plays an important role in promoting the high-quality and sustainable development of the Gastrodia elata industry, and also lays the foundation for the development and utilization of Armillaria mellea resources. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0019] Example 1

[0020] A method for cultivating Armillaria mellea fruiting bodies using waste Gastrodia elata substrate includes the following steps:

[0021] (1) Collection and selection of fungal material: When harvesting Gastrodia elata, from mid-November to early April of the following year, collect fungal material that has been planted once, is free from contamination by other fungi, and has Armillaria mellea. The Armillaria mellea mycelium should be brownish-red, tough, and without hollow parts.

[0022] (2) Pretreatment of fungal material: Select broad-leaved forests or mixed forests with a canopy closure of 50%-70%, requiring a layer of fallen leaves or humus such as ferns at the bottom. Place the collected fungal material vertically in a ring, with a round log about 18cm in diameter or slightly lower than the fungal material by 5cm in the center. The log should be made of broad-leaved trees such as chestnut or birch, and the time spent outside the wood should not exceed 5 days, with a humidity of not less than 75%. Fill the gap between the log and the fungal material with treated fern powder mixed with clove powder and rosemary powder, and then tie it tightly with a strap. Use Armillaria mellea spawn as a base and Armillaria mellea spawn as a top seal, filling the gaps with Armillaria mellea spawn fragments. Arrange the remaining fungal material in the same way, in rows, with a 1m interval between each row. The fern treatment method is as follows: After harvesting the above-ground part of the fern, cut it into small pieces of 1-1.5cm in length using a pig feed machine, and then sun-dry it until semi-dry.

[0023] The weight ratio of bracken fern powder, clove powder, and rosemary powder is 60:5:8. When preparing the bottom and top of the log section, the thickness of the Armillaria mellea spawn should be approximately 2cm. This spawn is best produced using soybeans, cottonseed hulls, wheat bran, and cornmeal as the main raw materials. During spawn processing, after tearing open the plastic bag, cut the spawn into approximately 2cm thick pieces and place them at the bottom and top of the log section. Fill the gaps between the log section and the bottom and top of the spawn with fragments of Armillaria mellea spawn, leaving no gaps.

[0024] (3) Armillaria mellea cultivation: The treated substrate needs to be regularly irrigated with nutrient solution to maintain moisture, once every 15 days. The nutrient solution ratio by weight is rice water: sugar: gypsum = 1000:1:1. After about 15 days, white mycelium will begin to appear on the top of the log section. After about 30 days, the mycelium will be seen to cover the entire substrate, and the log section and the top of the substrate will be covered with white mycelium. After about 45 days, fruiting bodies will begin to appear. The fruiting body growth period can last until mid-October, with a fruiting rate of 85.45%. On average, each substrate can produce more than 6.5 catties of Armillaria mellea fruiting bodies. The fruiting bodies are yellowish-white in color, have a strong aromatic odor, and the incidence of pests and diseases is 1.5%. There is no contamination by other fungi during the entire growth period.

[0025] (4) Management: During the cultivation of Armillaria mellea, especially during the fruiting body growth period, pay attention to moisture retention, ventilation, and insect control. If ventilation is insufficient or the canopy is too dense, prune overly dense branches. Insect-proof boards or insect-proof lamps should be hung on branches near the Armillaria mellea substrate.

[0026] (5) Harvesting: The fruiting bodies of Armillaria mellea should be harvested promptly after they have grown. When harvesting, gently remove the fruiting bodies by pinching the roots and place them in a clean foam box that has been lined with a layer of shock-absorbing pads. Place them in a "head-to-head" and "tail-to-tail" manner, that is, the caps of one cluster of Armillaria melleas are connected to the caps of the next cluster of Armillaria melleas, and the stems are connected to the stems. Place a maximum of two layers, and separate each layer of fruiting bodies with shock-absorbing pads. After placing the outer layer, place another layer of shock-absorbing pads on top and seal the foam box lid to complete the harvest.

[0027] Example 2

[0028] A method for cultivating Armillaria mellea fruiting bodies using waste Gastrodia elata substrate includes the following steps:

[0029] (1) Collection and selection of fungal material: When harvesting Gastrodia elata, from mid-November to early April of the following year, collect fungal material that has been planted once, is free from contamination by other fungi, and has Armillaria mellea. The Armillaria mellea mycelium should be brownish-red, tough, and without hollow parts.

[0030] (2) Pretreatment of fungal material: Select broad-leaved forests or mixed forests with a canopy closure of 50%-70%, requiring a layer of fallen leaves or humus such as ferns at the bottom. Place the collected fungal material vertically in a ring, with a round log about 20cm in diameter and 4cm lower than the fungal material in the center. The log should be made of broad-leaved trees such as chestnut or birch, and the time spent outside the wood should not exceed 5 days, with a humidity not lower than 75%. Fill the gap between the log and the fungal material with treated fern powder mixed with clove powder and rosemary powder, and then tie it tightly with a strap. Use Armillaria mellea spawn as a base and Armillaria mellea spawn as a top seal, filling the gaps with Armillaria mellea spawn fragments. Arrange the remaining fungal material in the same way, in rows, with a 1m interval between each row. The fern treatment method is as follows: After harvesting the above-ground part of the fern, cut it into small pieces of 1-1.5cm in length using a pig feed machine, and then sun-dry it until semi-dry.

[0031] The weight ratio of bracken fern powder, clove powder, and rosemary powder is 60:7:10. When preparing the bottom and top of the log section, the thickness of the Armillaria mellea spawn should be approximately 2cm. This spawn is best produced using soybeans, cottonseed hulls, wheat bran, and cornmeal as the main raw materials. During spawn processing, after tearing open the plastic bag, cut the spawn into approximately 2cm thick pieces and place them at the bottom and top of the log section. Fill the gaps between the log section and the bottom and top of the spawn with fragments of Armillaria mellea spawn, leaving no gaps.

[0032] (3) Armillaria mellea cultivation: The treated substrate needs to be regularly irrigated with nutrient solution to maintain moisture, once every 15 days. The nutrient solution ratio by weight is rice water: sugar: gypsum = 1000: 1.5: 1.5. After about 15 days, white mycelium will begin to appear on the top of the log section. After about 28 days, the mycelium will be seen to cover the entire substrate, and the log section and the top of the substrate will be covered with white mycelium. After about 43 days, fruiting bodies will begin to appear. The fruiting body growth period can last until mid-October, with a fruiting rate of 86.21%. On average, each substrate can produce more than 6.8 catties of Armillaria mellea fruiting bodies. The fruiting bodies are yellowish-white in color, have a strong aromatic odor, and the incidence of pests and diseases is 1.25%. There is no contamination by other fungi during the entire growth period.

[0033] (4) Management: During the cultivation of Armillaria mellea, especially during the fruiting body growth period, pay attention to moisture retention, ventilation, and insect control. If ventilation is insufficient or the canopy is too dense, prune overly dense branches. Insect-proof boards or insect-proof lamps should be hung on branches near the Armillaria mellea substrate.

[0034] (5) Harvesting: The fruiting bodies of Armillaria mellea should be harvested promptly after they have grown. When harvesting, gently remove the fruiting bodies by pinching the roots and place them in a clean foam box that has been lined with a layer of shock-absorbing pads. Place them in a "head-to-head" and "tail-to-tail" manner, that is, the caps of one cluster of Armillaria melleas are connected to the caps of the next cluster of Armillaria melleas, and the stems are connected to the stems. Place a maximum of two layers, and separate each layer of fruiting bodies with shock-absorbing pads. After placing the outer layer, place another layer of shock-absorbing pads on top and seal the foam box lid to complete the harvest.

[0035] I. Screening Test

[0036] 1.1 Experimental Methods

[0037] Experiment 1: Under the same conditions as in Example 1, this experiment replaced rice water with water boiled with corn flour, soybean flour, and potato chunks.

[0038] Experiment 2: Under the same conditions as in Example 1, no cloves or rosemary powder were added to the fern powder.

[0039] Experiment 3: Under the same conditions as in Example 1, the powdered fern shoots were replaced with powdered fallen leaves, and cloves and rosemary powder were added.

[0040] Experiment 4: Under the same conditions as in Example 1, the addition ratio of fern powder, cloves and rosemary powder was 60:1:1.5.

[0041] Experiment 5: Under the same conditions as in Example 1, the length of the middle round log segment exceeded that of the waste fungal material, and the gaps were not filled with fern powder.

[0042] Experiments 1-5 and the Armillaria mellea cultured in Example 1 were conducted in the same experimental plot. The mycelial germination time, fruiting time, fruiting body growth, yield, occurrence of diseases and pests, and contamination by other fungi were recorded for the Armillaria mellea cultured in Experiments 1-5. The statistical results are shown in Table 1.

[0043] The calculation methods for fruiting rate, disease and pest incidence rate, and contamination rate are as follows:

[0044] Fruiting rate (%) = Number of fruiting clusters in this treatment / Total number of clusters in this treatment * 100. A fruiting cluster can be counted as a fruiting cluster if there is even one fruiting cluster.

[0045] Disease and pest incidence rate (%) = Number of diseased and insect-infested clusters in this treatment / Total number of clusters in this treatment * 100;

[0046] Contamination rate (%) = Number of contaminating bacterial clusters in this treatment / Total number of clusters in this treatment * 100.

[0047] 1.2 Experimental Results

[0048] Table 1. Record of Armillaria mellea growth and yield

[0049]

[0050]

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Armillaria mellea fruiting bodies using waste Gastrodia elata fungal material, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Collection and selection of fungal material: When harvesting Gastrodia elata, collect fungal material that is free from contamination by other fungi and has Armillaria mellea growing on it. The Armillaria mellea mycelium should be brownish-red, tough, and without hollow parts. (2) Pretreatment of fungal material: Select broad-leaved forests or mixed forests with a canopy closure of 50%-70%, requiring a layer of fallen leaves or humus such as ferns at the bottom. Place the collected fungal material vertically and form a ring. Place a layer of Armillaria mellea spawn at the bottom of the ring, and place a round log with a diameter of about 18-22cm in the middle. Fill the middle with fern powder, and seal the top with Armillaria mellea spawn. Then tie it tightly with a strap. Arrange the remaining fungal material in this way, in rows. The spacing between each row of fungal material is 1m. The bracken powder is made by harvesting the above-ground parts of bracken, cutting them into small sections 1-1.5cm long, drying them in the sun until semi-dry, sprinkling in a layer of clove powder and rosemary powder, and mixing them evenly; the mass ratio of the bracken powder, clove powder, and rosemary powder is 50-70:5-8:6-10. (3) Armillaria mellea cultivation: The treated fungal material needs to be watered with nutrient solution to keep it moist, once every 10-20 days; The nutrient solution, by mass ratio, is rice water: sugar: gypsum = 800-1000: 0.5-1.5: 0.5-1.5; (4) Management; (5) Harvesting.

2. The method for cultivating Armillaria mellea fruiting bodies using waste Gastrodia elata substrate as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The collection time for the fungal material is from mid-November to early April of the following year; the waste fungal material is the fungal material after one round of cultivation of Gastrodia elata, and the fungal material is free from contamination by other fungi and has Armillaria mellea growing on it. The Armillaria mellea mycelium should be brownish-red, tough, and without hollow parts.

3. The method for cultivating Armillaria mellea fruiting bodies using waste Gastrodia elata substrate as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pretreatment of the fungal material is as follows: waste fungal material should be placed vertically in a ring, with a log in the center and the gaps filled with fern fern powder. The log in the center should be about 18-22cm in diameter and 4-5cm shorter than the fungal material. The material should be broad-leaved wood such as chestnut or birch, and the time of removal from the wood should be controlled within 5 days, with a humidity of not less than 75%. A layer of Armillaria mellea spawn is placed at the bottom of the ring and sealed with Armillaria mellea spawn at the top. Specifically, a 2-3cm thick layer of Armillaria mellea spawn is placed at the bottom and top of the log. After tearing open the plastic bag, the spawn is cut into 2-3cm thick pieces and placed at the bottom and top of the log. The gaps between the log and the bottom and top of the fungal material are filled with Armillaria mellea spawn powder, leaving no gaps.

4. The method for cultivating Armillaria mellea fruiting bodies using waste Gastrodia elata substrate as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The aforementioned management refers to paying attention to moisture retention, ventilation, and insect control during the cultivation of Armillaria mellea, especially during the fruiting body growth period; specifically, pruning overly dense branches when ventilation is insufficient or the canopy is too dense; and hanging insect-proof boards or insect-proof lamps on branches near the Armillaria mellea substrate.

5. The method for cultivating Armillaria mellea fruiting bodies using waste Gastrodia elata substrate as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The harvesting method is as follows: Gently remove the fruiting bodies of *Armillaria mellea* by pinching the root, and place them in a clean foam box pre-lined with a shock-absorbing pad. Arrange them in a "head-to-head" and "tail-to-tail" manner, meaning the cap of one clump of *Armillaria mellea* is connected to the cap of the next clump. The stems are placed one on top of the other, with a maximum of two layers. Each layer of fruiting bodies is separated by a shock-absorbing pad. After the outer layer is filled, another shock-absorbing pad is placed on top. Once the foam box lid is sealed, the harvest is complete.

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