Loess tunnel excavation device

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of loess tunnel excavation technology, and more particularly to a loess tunnel excavation device, comprising a tracked vehicle body, an arch-shaped frame, a rotary digging mechanism and an unearthing mechanism, the rotary digging mechanism comprising a cutter head, a driving assembly and multiple sets of flaring assemblies, the cutter head being rotationally connected with the arch-shaped frame, and the multiple sets of flaring assemblies being evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the cutter head; each flaring assembly comprising a flaring cutter, a pushing block, a mounting seat and at least one telescopic piece, an opening groove being formed on the cutter head and arranged along the radial direction of the cutter head, the mounting seat being fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the cutter head, one end of the telescopic piece being fixedly connected with the mounting seat and the other end being connected with the pushing block, the telescopic piece being used to drive the pushing block to slide along the opening groove, and one end of the pushing block extending out of the cutter head being fixedly connected with the flaring cutter; the rotary digging mechanism is used to conveniently adjust the distance between the flaring cutter and the axis of the cutter head, to realize the excavation of loess tunnels of different sizes, and to improve the applicability of the loess tunnel excavation device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of loess tunnel excavation technology, and in particular to a loess tunnel excavation device. Background Technology

[0002] The tunnel structure consists of two parts: the main building and the auxiliary equipment. The main building is composed of the tunnel body and the tunnel portal. The auxiliary equipment includes passing tunnels, fire-fighting facilities, emergency communication facilities, and drainage facilities. Long tunnels also have special ventilation and lighting equipment. When excavating tunnels in areas with deep loess layers, due to the characteristics of loess such as large pores, vertical joints, and strong collapsibility, the excavation of loess tunnel bodies is carried out by mechanical excavation.

[0003] A tunnel excavation device is disclosed in the prior art, including a vehicle body. A mounting box is fixedly installed at the end of the vehicle body in the forward direction. A mounting base is provided on the front side of the mounting box, and the cross-section of the mounting base is a Lurox triangle structure. Multiple three-stage excavation components are provided on the mounting base. The mounting base has a through hole. A second-stage excavation component is provided inside the through hole. An annular gap for soil crushing is provided between the second-stage excavation component and the inner wall of the through hole. A first-stage excavation component is provided in the middle of the front side of the second-stage excavation component. A drive component is provided inside the mounting box to generate different rotation directions of the mounting base, the second-stage excavation component, and the first-stage excavation component.

[0004] Regarding the aforementioned technologies, the inventors believe that during tunnel excavation, the excavation head one and excavation head two are driven by the drive assembly to drill holes in the soil layer. However, when processing tunnels of different sizes and specifications, it is necessary to excavate the soil layer using excavation head two of different sizes, resulting in low applicability of the tunnel excavation equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To improve the applicability of loess tunnel excavation equipment, the present invention provides a loess tunnel excavation equipment.

[0006] The loess tunnel excavation device provided by this invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A loess tunnel excavation device includes a tracked vehicle body, an arched frame, a rotary drilling mechanism, and a soil removal mechanism. The arched frame and the soil removal mechanism are both installed on the tracked vehicle body, and the rotary drilling mechanism is installed at the front end of the tracked vehicle body.

[0008] The rotary drilling mechanism includes a cutterhead, a drive assembly, and multiple sets of flaring assemblies. The cutterhead is rotatably connected to the arch frame, and the multiple sets of flaring assemblies are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the cutterhead.

[0009] The flaring assembly includes a flaring blade, a push block, a mounting base, and at least one telescopic member. The cutter head has an opening groove for the push block to slide along the radial direction of the cutter head. The mounting base is fixedly connected to the inner sidewall of the cutter head. One end of the telescopic member is fixedly connected to the mounting base, and the other end is connected to the push block. The telescopic member is arranged along the radial direction of the cutter head and is used to drive the push block to slide along the opening groove. One end of the push block extends out of the cutter head and is fixedly connected to the flaring blade.

[0010] The drive component is used to drive the cutter head to rotate.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the telescopic component is adjusted according to the excavation size requirements of the loess tunnel. The telescopic component drives the push block to slide along the opening groove, and the push block drives the flaring cutter to move, so that the flaring cutter moves in the radial direction of the cutterhead, thereby realizing the distance between the flaring cutter and the axis of the cutterhead. Then, the drive component is adjusted, and the drive component drives the cutterhead to rotate, thereby excavating the loess tunnel and realizing the excavation of loess tunnels of different sizes. The designed loess tunnel excavation device, through the rotary drilling component, facilitates the adjustment of the distance between the flaring cutter and the axis of the cutterhead, realizing the excavation of loess tunnels of different sizes and improving the applicability of the loess tunnel excavation device.

[0012] Optionally, the push block includes an integrally formed push section, a sliding section, and a flared section. The telescopic member is connected to the flared section, and the flared section is located in the inner cavity of the cutter head. The sliding section is installed in the opening groove and can slide along the opening groove. The push section extends out of the side wall of the cutter head, and the flared cutter is installed on the push section.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the segmented push block has a flared section that facilitates limiting the movement path of the sliding section and also facilitates the installation of the telescopic component; the sliding connection between the sliding section and the cutter head facilitates adjusting the distance between the push section and the cutter head, thereby realizing the position adjustment of the flaring cutter; and the push section facilitates the installation of the flaring cutter.

[0014] Optionally, a plurality of return springs are provided between the mounting base and the flared section.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the designed reset spring facilitates the application of force to the flaring section, and works in conjunction with the telescopic component to reset the flaring tool.

[0016] Optionally, the drive assembly includes a drive motor and a reducer, wherein the output shaft of the drive motor is connected to the input end of the reducer, and the output end of the reducer is coaxially connected to the cutter head.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the drive motor is adjusted, the output shaft of the drive motor drives the reducer to move, and the output end of the reducer drives the cutter head to rotate, thus realizing the rotation of the cutter head; the designed drive component facilitates the application of force to the cutter head, so that the cutter head rotates along the output shaft of the drive motor, thereby realizing the excavation of loess tunnels.

[0018] Optionally, the soil removal mechanism includes a retractable paving assembly, two guide plates, and an adjustment assembly disposed on each of the guide plates;

[0019] The two guide plates are disposed on both sides of the tracked vehicle body, and the ends of the two guide plates away from the cutter head are connected to the paving assembly;

[0020] The adjustment component is used to adjust the distance between the guide plate and the tracked vehicle body.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, adjusting the adjustment component drives the guide plate to move, thereby adjusting the distance between the guide plate and the tracked vehicle body. The guide plate applies force to the paving component, realizing the extension and retraction of the paving component. Then, the tracked vehicle body is adjusted. During the movement of the tracked vehicle body, the tracked vehicle body drives the guide plate to move, and the guide plate guides the excavated soil in the loess tunnel, realizing the gradual concentration of the excavated soil. The designed soil removal mechanism facilitates the gradual concentration of excavated soil in the loess tunnel during the movement of the tracked vehicle body, thereby facilitating the subsequent cleaning of the excavated soil.

[0022] Optionally, the adjustment assembly includes a plurality of first hydraulic cylinders, which are arranged axially parallel to each other and are evenly distributed along the length direction of the arched frame.

[0023] The cylinder body end of the first hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to the arched frame, the hydraulic rod of the first hydraulic cylinder is connected to the guide plate, and the piston rods of the plurality of first hydraulic cylinders are arranged axially parallel.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the first hydraulic cylinder is adjusted to apply force to the guide plate, causing the guide plate to move along the axis of the hydraulic rod of the first hydraulic cylinder, thereby adjusting the distance between the guide plate and the tracked vehicle body; the designed adjustment component facilitates the application of force to the guide plate to adjust the distance between the guide plate and the tracked vehicle body, thereby gradually concentrating the slag in the loess tunnel.

[0025] Optionally, the paving assembly includes a fixed plate and sliding plates located on both sides of the fixed plate. The two sliding plates are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the fixed plate, and the sliding plates are slidably connected to the fixed plate. The side of the sliding plate away from the fixed plate is fixedly connected to the guide plate.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, the first hydraulic cylinder is adjusted, and the first hydraulic cylinder applies force to the guide plate, causing the guide plate to move along the axis of the hydraulic rod of the first hydraulic cylinder. The guide plate drives the sliding plate to move along the fixed plate, thereby adjusting the distance between the guide plate and the tracked vehicle body. At the same time, the paving component can be extended and retracted. The segmented design of the paving component makes it easier to increase the contact area between the paving component and the loess tunnel surface, thereby achieving the leveling of the loess tunnel surface.

[0027] Optionally, the fixed plate is rotatably connected to a tapering plate at the end away from the tracked vehicle body, and the tapering plate can extend and retract along the axial direction of the hydraulic rod of the first hydraulic cylinder. The arched frame is rotatably connected to a second hydraulic cylinder at the end away from the cutter head, and the end of the second hydraulic cylinder away from the tracked vehicle body is rotatably connected to the tapering plate.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solution, the second hydraulic cylinder is adjusted, which drives the closing plate to rotate, so that the slag on the closing plate is concentrated on the fixed plate; the designed closing plate facilitates the concentration of slag on the loess tunnel onto the fixed plate, which is convenient for the centralized collection of slag in the loess tunnel.

[0029] Optionally, the closing plate includes a rotating section, two rotating shafts, adjusting sections located on both sides of the rotating section, and a rotating plate section disposed on each of the sliding plates;

[0030] The two adjustment sections are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the rotation section, and the adjustment sections are slidably connected to the rotation section;

[0031] One end of the rotating plate section is rotatably connected to the side of the adjusting section away from the rotating section;

[0032] The rotating plate section is provided with a waist-shaped groove, and the waist-shaped groove is arranged along the length direction of the rotating plate section. The two rotating shafts are arranged on opposite sides of the two guide plates. The rotating shafts pass through the waist-shaped groove and can slide along the waist-shaped groove.

[0033] By adopting the above technical solution, the second hydraulic cylinder is adjusted, and the hydraulic rod of the second hydraulic cylinder drives the rotating section to rotate. The rotating section drives the adjusting section to move, and the adjusting section drives the rotating plate section to move, so that the rotating plate section moves along the rotating axis. In addition, during the adjustment of the guide plate, the first hydraulic cylinder is adjusted. The first hydraulic cylinder drives the guide plate to move, and the guide plate drives the rotating axis to move. The rotating axis drives the rotating plate section to move, and the rotating plate section drives the adjusting section to slide along the fixed section, so as to realize the extension and retraction of the closing plate. The designed closing plate is easy to coordinate with the guide plate for extension and retraction. At the same time, it coordinates with the second hydraulic cylinder to realize the rotation of the closing plate, so as to realize the road surface leveling of the loess tunnel and to realize the collection of slag on the fixed plate.

[0034] Optionally, the soil removal mechanism may also include a collection box, a rotating shaft, spiral blades, a conveying cylinder, and an output motor;

[0035] The collection box is installed on the tracked vehicle body;

[0036] The feeding cylinder is fixedly installed on the arched frame. The feeding cylinder is coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft, and one end of the rotating shaft extending out of the feeding cylinder is coaxially connected to the output motor. The spiral blade is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft and installed in the feeding cylinder.

[0037] The feed inlet of the feed cylinder is located close to the fixed plate, and the feed inlet of the feed cylinder is connected to the collection box.

[0038] By adopting the above technical solution, when collecting slag and soil in a centralized manner, the output motor is adjusted, and the output shaft of the output motor drives the rotating shaft to rotate. The rotating shaft drives the spiral blades to rotate. Under the synchronous action of the conveying cylinder, the spiral blades drive the slag and soil to move, so that the slag and soil on the fixed plate are transferred to the collection box. The designed spiral blades and collection box facilitate the centralized collection of slag and soil on the fixed plate, realizing the centralized cleaning of slag and soil in the loess tunnel.

[0039] In summary, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0040] 1. The designed loess tunnel excavation device, through the rotary drilling component, facilitates the adjustment of the size of the flaring cutter extending from the cutterhead, thereby facilitating the adjustment of the distance between the flaring cutter and the axis of the cutterhead. It works in conjunction with the tracked vehicle body to excavate loess tunnels, enabling the excavation of loess tunnels of different sizes and improving the applicability of the loess tunnel excavation device.

[0041] 2. The designed loess tunnel excavation device allows for easy force application to the guide plate through an adjustable component, enabling adjustment of the distance between the guide plate and the tracked vehicle body. This allows the guide plate to move to the edge of the loess tunnel, thereby gradually concentrating the excavated soil in the loess tunnel, facilitating subsequent cleaning of the excavated soil in the loess tunnel.

[0042] 3. The designed loess tunnel excavation device, through the paving component, facilitates the increase of the contact area between the paving component and the loess tunnel surface, achieving leveling and paving of the loess tunnel surface. Firstly, the rotation range of the rotating section is 0° to 90°, allowing the adjusting section to move towards a state nearly perpendicular to the fixed plate under the action of the second hydraulic cylinder, and also to move towards a state nearly parallel to the fixed plate. This, in conjunction with the fixed plate and the rotating section, achieves leveling and paving of the loess tunnel surface. Secondly, during the adjustment of the guide plate, the first hydraulic cylinder is adjusted, causing the guide plate to move. The guide plate then drives the rotating shaft and the sliding plate to move synchronously, causing the sliding plate to slide along the fixed plate. Simultaneously, the rotating shaft drives the rotating section to move, and the rotating section drives the adjusting section to slide along the rotating section, ensuring synchronous movement of the sliding plate and the adjusting section, thereby increasing the area for leveling and paving the loess tunnel surface. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a loess tunnel excavation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a loess tunnel excavation device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram of part A in the middle.

[0046] Figure 4 This is a partial schematic diagram of a loess tunnel excavation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Enlarged schematic diagram of section B in the middle.

[0048] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 Enlarged schematic diagram of section C.

[0049] Reference numerals: 1. Tracked vehicle body; 2. Arched frame; 3. Rotary drilling mechanism; 31. Drive assembly; 311. Drive motor; 312. Reducer; 32. Cutterhead; 33. Flaring assembly; 331. Mounting base; 332. Telescopic component; 333. Push block; 3331. Pushing section; 3332. Sliding section; 3333. Flaring section; 334. Return spring; 335. Flaring cutter; 336. Opening slot; 4. Excavation mechanism; 41. Material guide. 42. Paving assembly; 421. Fixed plate; 422. Sliding plate; 423. Closing plate; 4231. Rotating section; 4232. Adjusting section; 4233. Turning plate section; 4234. Rotating shaft; 4235. Waist-shaped groove; 424. Second hydraulic cylinder; 425. Output motor; 426. Rotating shaft; 427. Spiral blade; 428. Conveying cylinder; 429. Collection box; 43. Adjusting assembly; 431. First hydraulic cylinder; 5. Shovel. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-6 The present invention will be described in further detail below.

[0051] This invention discloses a loess tunnel excavation device and method.

[0052] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 A loess tunnel excavation device includes a tracked vehicle body 1, an arched frame 2, a rotary drilling mechanism 3, and a soil removal mechanism 4. The arched frame 2 and the soil removal mechanism 4 are both installed on the tracked vehicle body 1, and the rotary drilling mechanism 3 is installed at the front end of the tracked vehicle body 1. Through the self-movement of the tracked vehicle body 1, the tracked vehicle body 1 drives the rotary drilling mechanism 3 to move synchronously. During the movement, the rotary drilling mechanism 3 excavates the loess tunnel. Then, the soil removal mechanism 4 collects the excavated soil during the loess tunnel excavation process and levels the road surface of the loess tunnel.

[0053] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 The rotary drilling mechanism 3 includes a cutterhead 32, a drive assembly 31, and multiple sets of flaring assemblies 33. The cutterhead 32 is rotatably connected to the arch frame 2. In this application, the flaring assemblies 33 can be three, four, or five sets, as long as they can achieve the flaring of the cutterhead 32 and the flaring of the loess tunnel. In this embodiment, the flaring assemblies 33 can be three sets, which are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the cutterhead 32 to facilitate the flaring of the loess tunnel and reduce the production cost of the loess tunnel excavation device.

[0054] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5The flaring assembly 33 includes a flaring cutter 335, a pushing block 333, a mounting base 331, and at least one telescopic member 332. The cutter head 32 has an opening groove 336 for sliding of the pushing block 333, the opening groove 336 being arranged radially along the cutter head 32. The mounting base 331 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cutter head 32. The pushing block 333 includes an integrally formed pushing section 3331, a sliding section 3332, and a flaring section 3333. In this application, the pushing section 3331, the sliding section 3332, and the flaring section 3333 are arranged sequentially and integrally connected. In this application, the telescopic member 332 can be a servo hydraulic cylinder or a... An electric cylinder is used, which can achieve the sliding of the pushing block 333 along the opening groove 336. In this embodiment, the telescopic component 332 is a servo hydraulic cylinder. The servo hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the mounting base 331, and the cylinder body of the servo hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the mounting base 331 by bolts. The flared section 3333 is mounted on the piston rod of the servo hydraulic cylinder by bolts. The piston rod of the servo hydraulic cylinder is arranged in the radial direction of the cutter head 32. The flared section 3333 is located in the inner cavity of the cutter head 32. The sliding section 3332 is installed in the opening groove 336 and can slide along the opening groove 336. The pushing section 3331 extends out of the cutter head 32, and the flaring blade 335 is welded to the pushing section 3331 extending out of the cutter head 32. At one end, a certain amount of hydraulic oil is injected into the servo hydraulic cylinder through its control system. This hydraulic oil generates pressure, which in turn pushes the piston rod of the servo hydraulic cylinder. The piston rod drives the push block 333 to slide along the opening groove 336. The push block 333 then drives the flaring cutter 335 to move, thereby adjusting the distance between the flaring cutter 335 and the central axis of the cutterhead 32. This facilitates the excavation of loess tunnels of different sizes and specifications. When the extended length of the piston rod of the servo hydraulic cylinder meets the requirements for loess tunnel processing, and it is necessary to stop the movement of the servo hydraulic cylinder, the control system reduces the flow and pressure of the hydraulic oil, thus stopping the piston rod's movement. Additionally... Multiple return springs 334 are provided between the mounting base 331 and the flaring section 3333. In this application, the multiple return springs 334 can be three, four, or five, as long as they are used in conjunction with the servo hydraulic cylinder to adjust the distance between the flaring cutter 335 and the cutter head 32. In this embodiment, four return springs 334 are provided. The four return springs 334 are respectively located at the corner positions of the push block 333. One end of the return spring 334 is engaged with the inner side wall of the cutter head 32, and the other end is engaged with the flaring section 3333. Furthermore, the return spring 334 causes the flaring cutter 335 to move towards one side of the cutter head 32, ensuring that the flaring cutter 335 tends to fit against the side wall of the cutter head 32 in its natural state.On the other hand, two shovels 5 are installed on the side of the arched frame 2 near the cutterhead 32. The shovels 5 are welded to the arched frame 2 and are positioned close to the road surface of the loess tunnel to facilitate excavation at the corner edges of the loess tunnel. The two shovels 5 are positioned near opposite sides of the arched frame 2 and are directly opposite the tracked vehicle body 1.

[0055] Reference Figure 4 The drive assembly 31 is used to drive the cutter head 32 to rotate. The drive assembly 31 includes a drive motor 311 and a reducer 312. The drive motor 311 is mounted on the arch frame 2 by bolts to facilitate the fixation of the drive motor 311. The output shaft of the drive motor 311 is connected to the input end of the reducer 312. The output shaft of the drive motor 311 and the output end of the reducer 312 are coaxially connected to the cutter head 32. The output shaft of the drive motor 311 and the output end of the reducer 312 are connected by a coupling, and the output end of the reducer 312 is connected to the cutter head 32 by a flange.

[0056] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The soil discharge mechanism 4 includes a soil discharge component for discharging slag, a retractable paving component 42, two guide plates 41, and an adjustment component 43 set on each guide plate 41. The two guide plates 41 are set on both sides of the tracked vehicle body 1, and the end of the two guide plates 41 away from the cutter head 32 is connected to the paving component 42.

[0057] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The adjustment component 43 is used to adjust the distance between the guide plate 41 and the tracked vehicle body 1. The adjustment component 43 includes a plurality of first hydraulic cylinders 431. In this application, the first hydraulic cylinders 431 can be two, three, or four, as long as the stable adjustment of the guide plate 41 is achieved. In this embodiment, each group of adjustment components 43 has two first hydraulic cylinders 431. The two first hydraulic cylinders 431 in each group of adjustment components 43 are arranged axially parallel and are evenly distributed along the length direction of the arch frame 2. The cylinder body end of the first hydraulic cylinder 431 is fixedly connected to the arch frame 2 by bolts, and the hydraulic rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 431 is fixedly connected to the guide plate 41 by flanges. The piston rods of the two first hydraulic cylinders 431 are arranged axially parallel.

[0058] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3The paving assembly 42 includes a fixed plate 421 and sliding plates 422 located on both sides of the fixed plate 421. The two sliding plates 422 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the fixed plate 421, and the sliding plates 422 are slidably connected to the fixed plate 421. The side of the sliding plate 422 away from the fixed plate 421 is fixedly connected to the guide plate 41. By adjusting the first hydraulic cylinder 431, the hydraulic rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 431 drives the guide plate 41 to move, and the guide plate 41 drives the sliding plate 422 to slide along the fixed plate 421, realizing the synchronous movement of the guide plate 41 and the sliding plate 422, so as to facilitate the leveling and paving of the loess tunnel road surface. The fixed plate 421 is rotatably connected to a tapering plate 423 at the end away from the tracked vehicle body 1, and the tapering plate 423 can extend and retract along the axial direction of the hydraulic rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 431. The tapering plate 423 includes a rotating section 4231, two rotating shafts 4234, and a section located on the rotating section 4231. The section 4231 has two adjusting sections 4232 on both sides and a rotating plate section 4233 on each sliding plate 422; the two adjusting sections 4232 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the rotating section 4231, and the adjusting sections 4232 are slidably connected to the rotating section 4231; one end of the rotating plate section 4233 is rotatably connected to the side of the adjusting section 4232 away from the rotating section 4231; the rotating plate section 4233 has a waist-shaped groove 4235, and the waist-shaped groove 4235 is arranged along the length direction of the rotating plate section 4233; two rotating shafts 4234 are arranged on the opposite side of the two guide plates 41; the rotating shafts 4234 pass through the waist-shaped groove 4235 and can slide along the waist-shaped groove 4235; in addition, the arched frame 2 is rotatably connected to the end away from the cutter head 32 with a second hydraulic cylinder 424, and the end of the second hydraulic cylinder 424 away from the tracked vehicle body 1 is rotatably connected to the closing plate 423.

[0059] Reference Figure 4In this embodiment, the paving component 42 moves as follows: adjusting the second hydraulic cylinder 424 causes the hydraulic rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 424 to drive the rotating section 4231 to rotate, which in turn drives the adjusting section 4232 to move, which in turn drives the rotating plate section 4233 to move. This causes the rotating plate section 4233 to slide along the rotating shaft 4234, while simultaneously rotating along the sliding section 3332. In this embodiment, the rotation range of the rotating section 4231 is 0° to 90°, allowing the adjusting section 4232 to move to a state that is nearly perpendicular to the fixed plate 421 under the action of the second hydraulic cylinder 424. Furthermore, the adjusting section 4232 can also be moved to a position that is perpendicular to the fixed plate 421. When the guide plate 421 is in a parallel state, it works in conjunction with the fixed plate 421 and the rotating plate section 4233 to achieve the leveling and paving of the loess tunnel road surface. In addition, during the adjustment of the guide plate 41, the first hydraulic cylinder 431 is adjusted. The first hydraulic cylinder 431 drives the guide plate 41 to move. The guide plate 41 drives the rotating shaft 4234 and the sliding plate 422 to move synchronously, so that the sliding plate 422 slides along the fixed plate 421. At the same time, the rotating shaft 4234 drives the rotating plate section 4233 to move. The rotating plate section 4233 drives the adjusting section 4232 to slide along the rotating section 4231, so that the sliding plate 422 and the adjusting section 4232 move synchronously, so as to increase the area of ​​the loess tunnel road surface leveling and paving.

[0060] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 6 The excavation assembly is used for centralized discharge of excavated soil on the fixed plate 421. The excavation assembly includes a collection box 429, a rotating shaft 426, a spiral blade 427, a conveying cylinder 428, and an output motor 425. The collection box 429 is installed on the tracked vehicle body 1 and is fixed to the tracked vehicle body 1 by bolts. The conveying cylinder 428 is fixedly installed on the arched frame 2. The inlet of the conveying cylinder 428 is located close to the fixed plate 421 and is connected to the collection box 429. The conveying cylinder 428 is coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft 426. The spiral blade 427 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 426 and is installed in the conveying cylinder 428. One end of the rotating shaft 426 extends out of the conveying cylinder 428 and is coaxially connected to the output motor 425. The rotating shaft 426 and the output shaft of the output motor 425 are connected by a coupling.

[0061] The implementation principle of a loess tunnel excavation device according to an embodiment of the present invention is as follows: Based on the excavation size requirements of the loess tunnel, the servo hydraulic cylinder is adjusted. The servo hydraulic cylinder drives the push block 333 to move along the opening slot 336. The push block 333 drives the flaring cutter 335 to move, causing the flaring cutter 335 to move along the radial direction of the cutterhead 32 until the distance between the flaring cutter 335 and the axis of the cutterhead 32 meets the excavation requirements of the loess tunnel. The tracked vehicle body 1 is driven to move, and simultaneously the drive assembly 31 is adjusted. The drive assembly 31 drives the cutterhead 32 to rotate, and the cutterhead 32 drives the flaring cutter 335 to rotate, thereby excavating the loess tunnel and realizing the excavation of loess tunnels of different sizes. Simultaneously, the tracked vehicle body 1 drives the arch frame 2 to move, and the arch frame 2 drives the shovel 5. The movement of the hydraulic cylinder 431, which in turn excavates the corner edges of the loess tunnel, allows the tunnel to be formed in one go, reducing repeated corrections during the excavation process. During the excavation, the first hydraulic cylinder 431 is adjusted, which drives the guide plate 41 to move. When the guide plate 41 is close to the two side walls of the loess tunnel, the guide plate 41 drives the rotating shaft 4234 and the sliding plate 422 to move synchronously. This causes the sliding plate 422 to slide along the fixed plate 421. At the same time, the rotating shaft 4234 drives the rotating plate section 4233 to move. The rotating plate section 4233 drives the adjusting section 4232 to slide along the rotating section 4231, so that the sliding plate 422 and the adjusting section 4232 move synchronously, which facilitates the leveling and paving of the loess tunnel surface.

[0062] Adjusting the second hydraulic cylinder 424 causes the hydraulic rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 424 to drive the rotating section 4231 to rotate. The rotating section 4231 drives the adjusting section 4232 to move, and the adjusting section 4232 drives the rotating plate section 4233 to move, so that the rotating plate section 4233 slides along the rotating shaft 4234. At the same time, the rotating plate section 4233 rotates along the sliding section 3332, so that the slag on the rotating section 4231 is concentrated on the fixed plate 421. Then, adjusting the output motor 425 causes the output shaft of the output motor 425 to drive the rotating shaft 426 to rotate. The rotating shaft 426 drives the spiral blades 427 to rotate. Under the synchronous action of the conveying cylinder 428, the spiral blades 427 drive the slag to move, so that the slag on the fixed plate 421 is transferred to the collection box 429.

[0063] In addition, this application also discloses a method for excavating loess tunnels.

[0064] A method for excavating loess tunnels, using the aforementioned loess tunnel excavation device, includes the following steps:

[0065] S1. Cutterhead Adjustment: Based on the excavation dimensions of the loess tunnel, adjust the extension length of the flaring cutter 335 so that the distance between the flaring cutter 335 and the central axis of the cutterhead 32 meets the excavation dimensions of the loess tunnel.

[0066] S2. Loess Tunnel Excavation: The tracked vehicle body 1 drives the rotating cutterhead 32 and the flaring cutter 335 to move along the excavation path of the loess tunnel to excavate the loess tunnel. At the same time, the tracked vehicle body 1 drives the shovel 5 to move to excavate the corner edge of the loess tunnel.

[0067] S3. Spoil leveling and collection: By adjusting the position of the guide plate 41, the sliding plate 422 slides along the fixed plate 421. Then, the tracked vehicle body 1 drives the guide plate 41, the fixed plate 421 and the sliding plate 422 to move synchronously to pave the road surface of the loess tunnel. At the same time, the spoil of the loess tunnel is collected by adjusting the closing plate 423.

[0068] S4. Excavation and removal of construction waste.

[0069] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A loess tunnel excavation device, characterized in that: It includes a tracked vehicle body, an arched frame, a rotary drilling mechanism, and a soil removal mechanism. The arched frame and the soil removal mechanism are both mounted on the tracked vehicle body, and the rotary drilling mechanism is mounted on the front end of the tracked vehicle body. The rotary drilling mechanism includes a cutterhead, a drive assembly, and multiple sets of flaring assemblies. The cutterhead is rotatably connected to the arch frame, and the multiple sets of flaring assemblies are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the cutterhead. The flaring assembly includes a flaring blade, a push block, a mounting base, and at least one telescopic member. The cutter head has an opening groove for the push block to slide along the radial direction of the cutter head. The mounting base is fixedly connected to the inner sidewall of the cutter head. One end of the telescopic member is fixedly connected to the mounting base, and the other end is connected to the push block. The telescopic member is arranged along the radial direction of the cutter head and is used to drive the push block to slide along the opening groove. One end of the push block extends out of the cutter head and is fixedly connected to the flaring blade. The drive component is used to drive the cutter head to rotate; The excavation mechanism includes a retractable paving assembly, two guide plates, and an adjustment assembly set on each of the guide plates; The two guide plates are disposed on both sides of the tracked vehicle body, and the ends of the two guide plates away from the cutter head are connected to the paving assembly; The adjusting assembly is used to adjust the distance between the guide plate and the tracked vehicle body; the adjusting assembly includes a plurality of first hydraulic cylinders; The paving assembly includes a fixed plate and sliding plates located on both sides of the fixed plate. The two sliding plates are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the fixed plate, and the sliding plates are slidably connected to the fixed plate. The side of the sliding plate away from the fixed plate is fixedly connected to the guide plate. The fixed plate is rotatably connected to a tapering plate at the end away from the tracked vehicle body, and the tapering plate can extend and retract along the axial direction of the hydraulic rod of the first hydraulic cylinder. The arched frame is rotatably connected to a second hydraulic cylinder at the end away from the cutter head, and the end of the second hydraulic cylinder away from the tracked vehicle body is rotatably connected to the tapering plate. The closing plate includes a rotating section, two rotating shafts, adjusting sections located on both sides of the rotating section, and a rotating plate section disposed on each of the sliding plates; The two adjustment sections are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the rotation section, and the adjustment sections are slidably connected to the rotation section; One end of the rotating plate section is rotatably connected to the side of the adjusting section away from the rotating section; The rotating plate section is provided with a waist-shaped groove, and the waist-shaped groove is arranged along the length direction of the rotating plate section. The two rotating shafts are arranged on opposite sides of the two guide plates. The rotating shafts pass through the waist-shaped groove and can slide along the waist-shaped groove.

2. The loess tunnel excavation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The push block includes an integrally formed push section, a sliding section, and a flared section. The telescopic member is connected to the flared section, and the flared section is located in the inner cavity of the cutter head. The sliding section is installed in the opening groove, and the sliding section can slide along the opening groove. The push section extends out of the side wall of the cutter head, and the flared cutter is installed on the push section.

3. The loess tunnel excavation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Multiple return springs are provided between the mounting base and the flared section.

4. The loess tunnel excavation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive assembly includes a drive motor and a reducer. The output shaft of the drive motor is connected to the input end of the reducer, and the output end of the reducer is coaxially connected to the cutter head.

5. The loess tunnel excavation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of first hydraulic cylinders are arranged axially parallel to each other, and the plurality of first hydraulic cylinders are evenly distributed along the length direction of the arched frame; The cylinder body end of the first hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to the arched frame, the hydraulic rod of the first hydraulic cylinder is connected to the guide plate, and the piston rods of the plurality of first hydraulic cylinders are arranged axially parallel.

6. The loess tunnel excavation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The excavation mechanism also includes a collection box, a rotating shaft, spiral blades, a conveying cylinder, and an output motor; The collection box is installed on the tracked vehicle body; The feeding cylinder is fixedly installed on the arched frame. The feeding cylinder is coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft, and one end of the rotating shaft extending out of the feeding cylinder is coaxially connected to the output motor. The spiral blade is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft and installed in the feeding cylinder. The feed inlet of the feed cylinder is located close to the fixed plate, and the feed inlet of the feed cylinder is connected to the collection box.

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