Method of forming a spherical gasket

Abstract

The application discloses a spherical pad forming method and relates to the technical field of differentials, which comprises the following steps: friction welding, laser cutting, chamfering and polishing, stamping forming, pressure maintaining quenching, electroplating and rinsing. The spherical pad material structure is selected as a structure in which a spring steel plate is clamped in the middle of two tungsten-titanium alloy plate materials, and the plate materials are combined into one body through friction welding. The hardness of the structure can be greatly improved compared with the hardness of the single spring steel. After stamping forming, the hardness of the spherical pad is further improved through multiple pressure maintaining quenching, so that the performance of the spherical pad meets or even exceeds the use requirements of the differential, and the replacement frequency of the spherical pad is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of differential, in particular to a spherical pad forming method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the structure of the differential, the spherical pad is an indispensable structure, which mainly functions to reduce the friction between the planetary gear and the shell, and can effectively prolong the service life of the planetary gear and the shell, and is usually arranged on the back of the planetary gear and between the planetary gear and the differential shell.

[0003] The commonly used material of the spherical pad is soft steel (spring steel), and the Rockwell hardness of the spring steel is usually between 45-52HRC. In the face of strong mechanical wear and pressure in the differential, the spherical pad made of spring steel needs to be replaced frequently. In addition, the common forming process of the spherical pad is usually realized by mechanical stamping forming, which is a simple stamping forming process, and thus the hardness of the spherical pad cannot be further improved. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a spherical pad forming method to solve the problems in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application is realized by the following technical scheme: a spherical pad forming method, comprising the following steps:

[0006] An equal-area piece of spring steel plate and two pieces of tungsten-titanium alloy plate are stacked in the form of a "hamburger", and the two pieces of tungsten-titanium alloy plate are combined on the surface of the spring steel plate by friction welding to obtain a composite blank for making a spherical pad;

[0007] The composite blank is cut into a round piece-shaped cutting blank by laser cutting;

[0008] The cutting edge of the cutting blank is rounded and polished to obtain a round-cornered blank;

[0009] The round-cornered blank is formed into a semi-finished product by a stamping forming die;

[0010] The semi-finished product is put into an electroplating tank containing an anti-aging electroplating solution to obtain a spherical pad with an anti-aging protective layer on the surface;

[0011] The electroplated spherical pad is rinsed multiple times to obtain a finished spherical pad.

[0012] Further, the thickness of the two pieces of tungsten-titanium alloy plate is 3-5mm, and the thickness of the spring steel plate is 5-9mm.

[0013] Further, the friction welding device drives the plate to rotate at a speed of 2300-2500 r / min, the pressure applied to the plate is 1200-1500 kg, and the temperature generated by welding needs to reach 3250-3300 ℃.

[0014] Further, between the friction welding process and the laser cutting process, further comprising:

[0015] The metal liquid solidification formed at the edge of the composite blank during the friction welding is removed and polished by using a polishing device.

[0016] Further, between the stamping forming and the electroplating, further comprising:

[0017] The semi-finished product is subjected to multiple pressure holding and quenching processes.

[0018] Further, the pressure value is increased by 50-100 kg step by step during multiple quenching, and the time interval of each quenching is 130-170 s.

[0019] Further, the anti-aging electroplating solution is made of nickel salt, strong acid, surfactant, buffer and deionized water, wherein the proportion of the nickel salt, the strong acid, the surfactant and the buffer is (23-38) %:(13-27) %:(3-11) %:(2-5) %, and the rest is deionized water.

[0020] Further, the preparation method of the anti-aging electroplating solution comprises the following steps:

[0021] Dissolve the nickel salt in deionized water and heat to dissolve to obtain a nickel salt solution;

[0022] Add strong acid to the dissolved nickel salt solution, heat and stir until fully mixed to obtain a mixed solution;

[0023] Add the surfactant and the buffer to the mixed solution, heat and stir until fully mixed to obtain the anti-aging electroplating solution.

[0024] Further, the nickel salt is one of nickel sulfate, nickel chloride and nickel acid, the strong acid is one of sulfuric acid, hydrogen chloride and nitric acid, the surfactant is one of peregal, sodium dodecyl sulfate and fatty acid polyethylene oxide ester, and the buffer is one of boric acid, acetic acid and ammonium chloride.

[0025] Further, the heating temperature for dissolving the nickel salt is 50-70 ℃, the heating temperature for mixing the nickel salt solution with the strong acid is 40-50 ℃, and the heating temperature for mixing the mixed solution with the surfactant and the buffer is 45-60 ℃.

[0026] The application provides a spherical pad forming method. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] The spherical pad forming method first makes the structure of the spherical pad material selected in a structure of two tungsten-titanium alloy plates sandwiching a spring steel plate, and the plates are combined into one body by friction welding, the hardness of the structure can be greatly improved compared to the use of single spring steel, secondly, after stamping, the hardness of the spherical pad is further improved by multiple pressure quenching, so that the performance of the spherical pad meets or even exceeds the use requirement of the differential mechanism, and the replacement frequency of the spherical pad is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 The flowchart of the present application is shown.

[0029] In the figure: 1, spring steel plate; 2, tungsten-titanium alloy plate; 3, composite blank; 4, cutting blank; 5, round corner blank; 6, semi-finished product; 7, spherical pad with anti-aging protective layer; 8, finished spherical pad. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0031] Embodiment 1

[0032] The present application provides a technical solution: a spherical pad forming method, comprising the following steps:

[0033] S1, an equal-area spring steel plate and two tungsten-titanium alloy plates are stacked in a "hamburger" structure, and the two tungsten-titanium alloy plates are combined on the surface of the spring steel plate by friction welding (the rotation speed of the device driving the plate is 2300r / min, the pressure applied to the plate is 1200kg, and the temperature generated by welding needs to reach 3250℃), to obtain a composite blank for making a spherical pad;

[0034] S2, use a polishing device to remove and polish the metal liquid solidification formed on the edge of the composite blank during friction welding;

[0035] S3, the composite blank is cut into a round piece-shaped cutting blank by laser cutting;

[0036] S4, the cutting edge of the cutting blank is rounded and polished to obtain a round corner blank;

[0037] S5, forming the round corner blank into a semi-finished product by using a punch forming die;

[0038] S6, performing multiple pressure holding quenching treatment on the semi-finished product (the pressure value is increased by 50 kg each time, and the time interval of each quenching is 130 s);

[0039] S7, putting the semi-finished product into an electroplating tank containing an anti-aging electroplating solution (the anti-aging electroplating solution is made of nickel sulfate, sulfuric acid, peregal, boric acid, and deionized water, wherein the ratio of nickel sulfate, sulfuric acid, peregal, and boric acid is 23%:13%:3%:2%, and the balance is deionized water), to obtain a spherical pad with an anti-aging protective layer on the surface;

[0040] S8, multiple rinsing of the electroplated spherical pad, to obtain a finished spherical pad.

[0041] In addition, in S7, the preparation method of the anti-aging electroplating solution comprises the following steps:

[0042] Dissolve nickel sulfate in deionized water, heat (50℃) to dissolve, and obtain a nickel salt solution;

[0043] Add sulfuric acid to the dissolved nickel sulfate solution, heat (40℃) and stir until fully mixed, to obtain a mixed solution;

[0044] Add peregal and boric acid to the mixed solution, heat (45℃) and stir until fully mixed, to obtain the anti-aging electroplating solution.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] The present application provides a technical solution: a spherical pad forming method, comprising the following steps:

[0047] S1, stacking an equal-area spring steel plate and two tungsten-titanium alloy plates in a "hamburger" structure, and combining the two tungsten-titanium alloy plates on the surface of the spring steel plate by friction welding (the device drives the plate to rotate at a speed of 2400 r / min, the pressure applied to the plate is 1350 kg, and the temperature generated by welding needs to reach 3275℃), to obtain a composite blank for making spherical pads (the thickness of the two tungsten-titanium alloy plates is 4 mm, and the thickness of the spring steel plate is 8 mm);

[0048] S2, using a polishing device to remove and polish the metal liquid solidification formed at the edge of the composite blank during friction welding;

[0049] S3, cutting the composite blank into a circular sheet-shaped cutting blank by laser cutting;

[0050] S4, performing round corner polishing treatment on the cutting edge of the cutting blank, to obtain a round corner blank;

[0051] S5, forming the round blank into a semi-finished product by using a punch forming die;

[0052] S6, performing multiple pressure holding quenching treatment on the semi-finished product (the pressure value is increased by 80 kg each time, and the time interval of each quenching is 150 s) ;

[0053] S7, putting the semi-finished product into an electroplating tank containing an anti-aging electroplating solution (the anti-aging electroplating solution is prepared from nickel chloride, hydrogen chloride, sodium dodecyl sulfate, acetic acid and deionized water, wherein the ratio of nickel chloride, hydrogen chloride, sodium dodecyl sulfate and acetic acid is 30%:25%:11%:5%, and the balance is deionized water), to obtain a spherical pad with an anti-aging protective layer on the surface;

[0054] S8, performing multiple rinsing on the electroplated spherical pad to obtain a finished spherical pad.

[0055] In addition, in S7, the preparation method of the anti-aging electroplating solution comprises the following steps:

[0056] Dissolve nickel chloride in deionized water and heat (60℃) to dissolve to obtain a nickel salt solution;

[0057] Add hydrogen chloride to the dissolved nickel chloride solution, heat (45℃) and stir until fully mixed to obtain a mixed solution;

[0058] Add sodium dodecyl sulfate and acetic acid to the mixed solution, heat (55℃) and stir until fully mixed to obtain the anti-aging electroplating solution.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] The application provides a technical solution: a spherical pad forming method, comprising the following steps:

[0061] S1, stacking an equal-area spring steel plate and two tungsten-titanium alloy plates in a "hamburger" structure, and combining the two tungsten-titanium alloy plates on the surface of the spring steel plate by friction welding (the device drives the plate to rotate at a speed of 2500 r / min, the pressure applied to the plate is 1500 kg, and the temperature generated by welding needs to reach 3300℃) to obtain a composite blank for making a spherical pad;

[0062] S2, using a polishing device to remove and polish the metal liquid solidification formed at the edge of the composite blank during friction welding;

[0063] S3, cutting the composite blank into a circular sheet-shaped cutting blank by laser cutting;

[0064] S4, chamfering the cutting edge of the cut blank to obtain a chamfered blank;

[0065] S5, forming the chamfered blank into a semi-finished product by a stamping forming die;

[0066] S6, performing multiple pressure holding quenching treatment on the semi-finished product (the pressure value is increased by 100 kg each time, and the time interval of each quenching is 170 s);

[0067] S7, putting the semi-finished product into an electroplating tank containing an anti-aging electroplating solution (the anti-aging electroplating solution is made of nickel acid, nitric acid, fatty acid polyethylene oxide ester, ammonium chloride and deionized water, wherein the ratio of nickel acid, nitric acid, fatty acid polyethylene oxide ester and ammonium chloride is 38%:27%:5%:4%, and the rest is deionized water) to obtain a spherical pad with an anti-aging protective layer on the surface;

[0068] S8, multiple rinsing of the electroplated spherical pad to obtain a finished spherical pad.

[0069] In addition, in S7, the preparation method of the anti-aging electroplating solution comprises the following steps:

[0070] Dissolve the nickel acid in deionized water and heat (70°C) to dissolve to obtain a nickel salt solution;

[0071] Add nitric acid to the dissolved nickel acid solution, heat (50°C) and stir until fully mixed to obtain a mixed solution;

[0072] Add fatty acid polyethylene oxide ester and ammonium chloride to the mixed solution, heat (60°C) and stir until fully mixed to obtain the anti-aging electroplating solution.

[0073] Comparative Example 1: spherical pad A produced by a certain manufacturer on the market, the material is single spring steel;

[0074] Comparative Example 2: spherical pad B produced by a certain manufacturer on the market, the material is single spring steel;

[0075] The hardness performance of the spherical pads formed in Examples 1, 2 and 3 and the spherical pads of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are compared, and the results are shown in the following table:

[0076] Item Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Hardness (HRC) 51.8 53.6 55.0 45.0 47.5

[0077] As can be seen from the above table, the spherical pads formed in Examples 1, 2 and 3 have higher test data results than the spherical pads of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 when tested for Rockwell hardness (HRC), indicating that they are more suitable for the use environment of planetary gear differential and are less likely to be worn, thereby reducing the replacement frequency of spherical pads in planetary gear differential.

Claims

1. A spherical pad forming method, characterized in that: The steps include: A spring steel plate and two tungsten-titanium alloy plates of equal area are stacked in a hamburger structure, and the two tungsten-titanium alloy plates are composited on the surface of the spring steel plate by friction welding to obtain a composite blank for making a spherical pad. Cutting the composite blank into disc-shaped cut blanks by laser cutting; Performing a rounding grinding process on the cutting edge of the cut blank to obtain a rounded blank; The rounded blank is formed into a semi-finished product by a stamping die; The semi-finished product is placed in an electroplating tank containing an anti-aging electroplating solution to obtain a spherical pad with an anti-aging protective layer on the surface; The electroplated spherical pad is rinsed multiple times to obtain a finished spherical pad.

2. A spherical pad forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the two tungsten-titanium alloy plates is 3-5 mm, and the thickness of the spring steel plate is 5-9 mm.

3. A spherical pad forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The friction welding equipment drives the plate to rotate at a speed of 2300-2500 r / min, applies a pressure of 1200-1500 kg to the plate, and the temperature generated by welding needs to reach 3250-3300°C.

4. A spherical pad forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Between the friction welding process and the laser cutting process, this also includes: Polishing equipment is used to remove and smooth the solidified liquid metal formed on the edge of the composite blank during friction welding.

5. A spherical pad forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Between stamping and plating, it also includes: The semi-finished product is subjected to multiple pressure-maintaining quenching treatments.

6. A spherical pad forming method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The pressure value during multiple quenching is increased step by step by 50 to 100 kg, and the time interval between each quenching is 130 to 170 seconds.

7. A spherical pad forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-aging electroplating solution is made of nickel salt, strong acid, surfactant, buffer and deionized water, wherein the ratio of nickel salt, strong acid, surfactant and buffer is (23-38)%: (13-27)%: (3-11)%: (2-5)%, and the balance is deionized water.

8. A spherical pad forming method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The preparation method of the anti-aging electroplating solution comprises the following steps: Dissolve nickel salt in deionized water and heat until dissolved to obtain a nickel salt solution; Adding a strong acid to the dissolved nickel salt solution, heating and stirring until fully mixed to obtain a mixed solution; Adding a surfactant and a buffer into the mixed solution, heating and stirring until fully mixed, the anti-aging electroplating solution can be obtained.

9. A spherical pad forming method according to claim 7-8, characterized in that: The nickel salt is one of nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, and nickel acid; The strong acid is one of sulfuric acid, hydrogen chloride and nitric acid; The surfactant is one of peregal, sodium lauryl sulfate, and fatty acid polyethylene oxide ester; The buffer is one of boric acid, acetic acid and ammonium chloride.

10. A spherical pad forming method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The heating temperature for dissolving the nickel salt is 50-70°C; The heating temperature of the nickel salt solution and the strong acid is 40-50°C; The heating temperature for mixing the mixed solution with the surfactant and the buffer is 45-60°C.

Images