A sugarcane cultivation method for controlling and preventing sugarcane acidification

Abstract

The application discloses a sugarcane cultivation method for controlling sugarcane acidification, relates to the technical field of sugarcane cultivation, and solves the problems of unstable nitrogen fixation effect and low nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane. The sugarcane cultivation method comprises land preparation, ditch planting, fertilization, intertillage, soil cultivation and disease and pest management, further comprises seed dressing treatment by using a nitrogen fixation promoter during sugarcane planting, the nitrogen fixation promoter is mainly formed by mixing of symbiotic nitrogen fixation bacteria and peanut root extract; and only the base fertilizer contains nitrogen fertilizer during the whole growth cycle of the sugarcane, and the fertilizers applied in other periods do not contain nitrogen fertilizer. The application improves the infection of the symbiotic nitrogen fixation bacteria, promotes the symbiotic effectiveness of the symbiotic nitrogen fixation bacteria and the sugarcane, solves the problem of unstable nitrogen fixation effect of the symbiotic nitrogen fixation bacteria of the sugarcane, achieves efficient nitrogen fixation, less nitrogen fertilizer application and the purpose of reducing soil acidification.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sugarcane cultivation technology, and in particular to a sugarcane cultivation method for preventing and controlling soil acidification. Background Technology

[0002] Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer is one of the main causes of soil acidification. In Guangxi, the average annual nitrogen application in sugarcane fields is approximately 550,000 tons, while the nitrogen content in the harvest is only 75,000 tons, resulting in a nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of less than 15%. This severe problem of excessive nitrogen fertilizer application exacerbates soil acidification. Therefore, increasing biological nitrogen fixation and reducing nitrogen fertilizer use are important ways to alleviate soil acidification.

[0003] Currently, the use of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere and within sugarcane for nitrogen fixation significantly reduces soil aluminum content and alleviates aluminum stress in the field. While this method has yielded positive results, the colonization and community diversity and structure of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in the sugarcane roots, as well as the rate of nitrogen fixation by sugarcane, are easily affected by a combination of environmental factors, leading to unstable nitrogen fixation efficiency. Furthermore, due to long-term high nitrogen stress, Chinese sugarcane cultivars have only a fraction of the bacteria capable of surviving at low nitrogen levels compared to Brazilian sugarcane varieties (10⁴ CFU / g dry weight), making it difficult to establish an efficient symbiotic nitrogen-fixing system. Therefore, improving sugarcane nitrogen fixation efficiency to achieve high-efficiency nitrogen fixation, reduced nitrogen fertilizer application, and decreased soil acidification remains a critical challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the above shortcomings, this invention provides a sugarcane cultivation method for controlling soil acidification. This method enhances the infectivity of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria on sugarcane, promotes the effectiveness of symbiotic relationship between symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria and sugarcane, solves the problem of unstable nitrogen fixation effect of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria on sugarcane, and achieves the goal of efficient nitrogen fixation, less nitrogen fertilizer application, and reduced soil acidification.

[0005] The specific technical solution is as follows: A method for controlling sugarcane acidification includes land preparation, trenching and planting, fertilization, inter-row cultivation and hilling, and pest and disease management. It also includes seed treatment with a nitrogen-fixing promoter during sugarcane planting. The nitrogen-fixing promoter is mainly composed of a mixture of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria and peanut root extract. The peanut root extract is prepared as follows: plump and intact peanut seeds are selected, soaked in water, removed, and placed in a cool, ventilated place for root cultivation. When the roots reach 2-5 cm in length, the roots are removed, and the roots are mixed with an equal mass of water and an equal mass of 95% ethanol solution. The mixture is then crushed, centrifuged, filtered, and the filtrate is concentrated to half its original volume to obtain the peanut root extract. The fertilization mentioned refers to the application of nitrogen fertilizer only in the base fertilizer during the entire growth cycle of sugarcane, while the fertilizers applied at other times do not contain nitrogen fertilizer.

[0006] Preferably, the symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria is any one of Acetobacter azotobacter, Azotobacter paspalumana, or Azospirobacter brasiliensis.

[0007] Preferably, the nitrogen fixation promoter is mainly composed of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria and peanut root extract in a weight ratio of 1:1-4.

[0008] Preferably, the seed treatment involves mixing nitrogen fixation promoter and water at a weight ratio of 1:0.2-0.5, then adding the seed stems and mixing thoroughly. The amount of seed stems added is 30-40 times the total weight of the nitrogen fixation promoter and water.

[0009] Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer refers to nitrogen-containing inorganic fertilizer; the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied in the base fertilizer is 15-25 kg / mu, and it is applied together with phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer on both sides of the planting furrow.

[0010] Preferably, the peanut seeds are soaked for 8-10 hours.

[0011] Ideally, the rooting culture should also involve watering the peanut seeds 2-3 times a day.

[0012] Preferably, the concentration temperature of the filtrate is 40-60℃.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: The peanut root extract of this invention contains active substances such as thiamine, pantothenic acid, nucleic acids, organic acids, amino acids, nicotinic acid, inositol, gibberellin, growth hormones, and cytokinins, as well as energy substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and carbohydrates. These energy substances provide sufficient energy for the growth of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, while the active substances promote and regulate the rapid formation of biological communities by these bacteria. This facilitates the colonization and infection of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the sugarcane rhizosphere, weakens the sugarcane's defense response, and promotes symbiotic nitrogen fixation, thereby improving the nitrogen fixation efficiency of the symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Using the method of this invention, a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer can be reduced annually, improving soil fertility and effectively controlling soil acidification in sugarcane fields. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below, but it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.

[0015] It should be noted that the symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria used in the following examples and comparative examples were all obtained from the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Center of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

[0016] Example 1 A method for controlling sugarcane acidification includes land preparation, trenching and planting, fertilization, inter-row cultivation and hilling, and pest and disease management. During sugarcane planting, a nitrogen fixation promoter is used for seed treatment. The seed treatment involves mixing the nitrogen fixation promoter and water at a weight ratio of 1:0.2, then mixing the mixture into the seed stalks. The seeds are planted within 2 hours after the seed treatment. The amount of seed stalks added during seed treatment is 30 times the total weight of the nitrogen fixation promoter and water.

[0017] The nitrogen fixation promoter is mainly composed of a 1:1 weight ratio of *Paspalum distichum* and peanut root extract. The preparation method of peanut root extract is as follows: Select plump and intact peanut seeds, soak them in water for 8 hours, take them out and place them in a cool and ventilated place for rooting culture. During the culture process, sprinkle water on the peanut seeds twice a day. When the roots grow to 2 cm, take the roots and put them into a solution of water and 95% ethanol of equal mass. Mix, crush, centrifuge, filter, and concentrate the filtrate to half of the original volume at 40℃ to obtain peanut root extract. Fertilization refers to the application of nitrogen fertilizer only in the base fertilizer during the entire growth cycle of sugarcane; fertilizers applied at other times do not contain nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer refers to inorganic fertilizer containing nitrogen; the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied in the base fertilizer is 15 kg / mu, applied together with phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer on both sides of the planting furrow.

[0018] Example 2 A method for controlling sugarcane acidification includes land preparation, trenching and planting, fertilization, inter-row cultivation and hilling, and pest and disease management. During sugarcane planting, a nitrogen-fixing accelerator is used for seed treatment. The seed treatment involves mixing the nitrogen-fixing accelerator and water at a weight ratio of 1:0.5, then mixing the mixture into the seed stalks. The seeds are planted within 1 hour after the seed treatment. The amount of seed stalks added during seed treatment is 40 times the total weight of the nitrogen-fixing accelerator and water.

[0019] The nitrogen fixation promoter is mainly composed of nitrogen-fixing acetic acid bacteria and peanut root extract in a weight ratio of 1:4. The preparation method of peanut root extract is as follows: select plump and intact peanut seeds, soak them in water for 10 hours, take them out and place them in a cool and ventilated place for rooting culture. During the culture process, sprinkle water on the peanut seeds 3 times a day. When the roots grow to 5cm, take the roots and put them into a solution of water and 95% ethanol of equal mass. Mix, crush, centrifuge, filter, and concentrate the filtrate to half of the original volume at 60℃ to obtain peanut root extract. Fertilization refers to the application of nitrogen fertilizer only in the base fertilizer during the entire growth cycle of sugarcane; fertilizers applied at other times do not contain nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer refers to inorganic fertilizer containing nitrogen; the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 25 kg / mu, applied together with phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer on both sides of the planting furrow.

[0020] Example 3 A method for controlling sugarcane acidification includes land preparation, trenching and planting, fertilization, inter-row cultivation and hilling, and pest and disease management. During sugarcane planting, a nitrogen-fixing accelerator is used for seed treatment. The seed treatment involves mixing the nitrogen-fixing accelerator and water at a weight ratio of 1:0.4, then mixing the mixture into the seed stalks. The sugarcane is planted within 1 hour after the seed treatment. The amount of seed stalks added during seed treatment is 35 times the total weight of the nitrogen-fixing accelerator and water.

[0021] The nitrogen fixation promoter is mainly composed of a mixture of *Paspalum distichum* and peanut root extract in a weight ratio of 1:3. The preparation method of peanut root extract is as follows: Select plump and intact peanut seeds, soak them in water for 9 hours, take them out and place them in a cool and ventilated place for rooting culture. During the culture process, sprinkle water on the peanut seeds 3 times a day. When the roots grow to 4 cm, take the roots and put them into a mixture of water and 95% ethanol solution of equal mass. Crush, centrifuge, filter, and concentrate the filtrate to half of the original volume at 50℃ to obtain peanut root extract. Fertilization refers to the application of nitrogen fertilizer only in the base fertilizer during the entire growth cycle of sugarcane; fertilizers applied at other times do not contain nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer refers to inorganic fertilizer containing nitrogen; the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied in the base fertilizer is 20 kg / mu, applied together with phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer on both sides of the planting furrow.

[0022] Example 4 A method for controlling sugarcane acidification includes land preparation, trenching and planting, fertilization, inter-row cultivation and hilling, and pest and disease management. During sugarcane planting, a nitrogen-fixing accelerator is used for seed treatment. The seed treatment involves mixing the nitrogen-fixing accelerator and water at a weight ratio of 1:0.3, then mixing the mixture into the seed stalks. The seeds are planted within 1 hour after the seed treatment. The amount of seed stalks added during seed treatment is 34 times the total weight of the nitrogen-fixing accelerator and water.

[0023] The nitrogen fixation promoter is mainly composed of *Azotrophus brasiliensis* and peanut root extract in a 1:1 weight ratio. The preparation method of peanut root extract is as follows: Select plump and intact peanut seeds, soak them in water for 9 hours, take them out and place them in a cool and ventilated place for rooting culture. During the culture process, sprinkle water on the peanut seeds twice a day. When the roots grow to 3 cm, take the roots and put them into a solution of water and 95% ethanol of equal mass. Mix, crush, centrifuge, filter, and concentrate the filtrate to half of the original volume at 55℃ to obtain peanut root extract. Fertilization refers to the application of nitrogen fertilizer only in the base fertilizer during the entire growth cycle of sugarcane; fertilizers applied at other times do not contain nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer refers to inorganic fertilizer containing nitrogen; the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied in the base fertilizer is 18 kg / mu, applied together with phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer on both sides of the planting furrow.

[0024] Example 5 A method for controlling sugarcane acidification includes land preparation, trenching and planting, fertilization, inter-row cultivation and hilling, and pest and disease management. During sugarcane planting, a nitrogen fixation promoter is used for seed treatment. The seed treatment involves mixing the nitrogen fixation promoter and water at a weight ratio of 1:0.2, then mixing the mixture into the seed stalks. The seeds are planted within 2 hours after the seed treatment. The amount of seed stalks added during seed treatment is 30 times the total weight of the nitrogen fixation promoter and water.

[0025] The nitrogen fixation promoter is mainly composed of a mixture of *Paspalum distichum* and peanut root extract in a weight ratio of 1:4. The preparation method of peanut root extract is as follows: Select plump and intact peanut seeds, soak them in water for 10 hours, take them out and place them in a cool and ventilated place for rooting culture. During the culture process, sprinkle water on the peanut seeds 3 times a day. When the roots grow to 5cm, take the roots and put them into a mixture of water and 95% ethanol solution of equal mass. Crush, centrifuge, filter, and concentrate the filtrate to half of the original volume at 40℃ to obtain peanut root extract. Fertilization refers to the application of nitrogen fertilizer only in the base fertilizer during the entire growth cycle of sugarcane; fertilizers applied at other times do not contain nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer refers to inorganic fertilizer containing nitrogen; the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 25 kg / mu, applied together with phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer on both sides of the planting furrow.

[0026] Comparative Example 1 During seed dressing, the nitrogen fixation accelerator does not contain peanut root extract, and all other steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0027] Comparative Example 2 During seed dressing, the nitrogen fixation promoter did not contain peanut root extract, and the amount of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria used was doubled compared to Example 1. All other steps were the same as in Example 1.

[0028] Comparative Example 3 The weight ratio of Azotobacter paspalum and peanut root extract in the nitrogen fixation promoter was 1:5, and all other steps were the same as in Example 1.

[0029] Comparative Example 4 In the preparation of the peanut root extract in the nitrogen fixation promoter, 95% ethanol solution was replaced with water, and all other steps were the same as in Example 1.

[0030] Cultivation experiment: The applicant began cultivating sugarcane using the method of this invention in 2020. The cultivation site was located in Dingdang Town, Long'an County, Guangxi Province. The soil type was sandy loam. Before planting, the soil physicochemical properties were tested and found to be: pH 4.3-4.8, organic matter content 20.1 g / kg, total nitrogen content 0.115%, total phosphorus content 0.050%, and total potassium content 0.58%, indicating acidic soil. The cultivated variety was Guitang 42. The sugarcane rows were 10 m long with a row spacing of 1.5 m. Each example and comparative example had 5 rows planted, with 3 replicates, and the same field management was used. Two months after planting, the nitrogen fixation percentage and nitrogen fixation amount of each example and comparative example were measured. The detection method was to randomly select two whole sugarcane plants from each example, cut them into pieces, mix them thoroughly, and dry them. 1 g of the dried product from each example and comparative example was sent to the Shanghai Chemical Industry Research Institute for determination of total nitrogen content and nitrogen fixation amount. 15 The percentage of nitrogen atoms exceeds the nitrogen fixation percentage % = (1- 15 N fx / 15 N nfx ) × 100%, Nitrogen fixation amount = Nt × nitrogen fixation percentage%, where, 15 N fx For comparison 15 Ni atoms account for over 100% of the total. 15 N nfx For the sample 15 The percentage of nitrogen atoms exceeds the limit, and Nt represents the total nitrogen content. The results are shown in Table 1. After four consecutive years of cultivation using the method of this invention (planting began in 2020), the soil pH was compared with that before planting, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0031] The data in Tables 1 and 2 show that the cultivation method of the present invention improves the nitrogen fixation efficiency of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. In particular, the peanut root extract in the nitrogen fixation promoter of the present invention can enhance the infectivity of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, promote the effectiveness of symbiotic relationship between symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria and sugarcane, significantly increase the nitrogen fixation percentage and amount of sugarcane, thereby improving soil fertility and achieving the goal of controlling soil acidification in sugarcane fields.

[0032] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the invention is for illustrative and explanatory purposes. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and it will be apparent that many changes and variations can be made in accordance with the foregoing teachings. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to implement and utilize various different exemplary embodiments of the invention, as well as various different choices and variations. The scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for controlling sugarcane soil acidification, comprising land preparation, trenching and planting, fertilization, inter-row cultivation and hilling, and pest and disease management, characterized in that, It also includes seed treatment with a nitrogen fixation promoter during sugarcane planting. The nitrogen fixation promoter is mainly composed of a mixture of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria and peanut root extract. The symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria are any one of Acidobacterium acetiferum, Azotobacter paspalumana, or Azospirillum brasiliensis. The symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria and peanut root extract are mixed in a weight ratio of 1:1-4. The preparation method of the peanut root extract is as follows: Select plump and intact peanut seeds, soak them in water, take them out and place them in a cool and ventilated place for root cultivation. When the roots grow to 2-5cm, remove the roots and put them into a solution of water and 95% ethanol of equal mass. Mix the roots, crush them, centrifuge them, filter them, and concentrate the filtrate to half of the original volume to obtain the peanut root extract. The fertilization mentioned refers to the application of nitrogen fertilizer only in the base fertilizer during the entire growth cycle of sugarcane, while the fertilizers applied at other times do not contain nitrogen fertilizer.

2. The sugarcane cultivation method for controlling soil acidification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seed dressing treatment involves mixing nitrogen fixation promoter and water at a weight ratio of 1:0.2-0.5, then adding the seed stems and mixing thoroughly. The amount of seed stems added is 30-40 times the total weight of the nitrogen fixation promoter and water.

3. The sugarcane cultivation method for controlling soil acidification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nitrogen fertilizer refers to nitrogen-containing inorganic fertilizer; the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied in the base fertilizer is 15-25 kg / mu, which is applied together with phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer on both sides of the planting furrow.

4. The sugarcane cultivation method for controlling soil acidification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The peanut seeds are soaked for 8-10 hours.

5. The sugarcane cultivation method for controlling soil acidification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rooting culture also requires watering the peanut seeds 2-3 times a day.

6. The sugarcane cultivation method for controlling soil acidification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The concentration temperature of the filtrate is 40-60℃.

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