A traction type film cotton combined harvesting and straw returning machine

Abstract

This invention discloses a traction-type combined harvesting machine for cotton and straw return to the field, comprising a frame (1), a transmission system, a hydraulic system, wheels (30), a residual film collection and compression device, a fallen cotton collection device, a straw crushing and returning device, a residual film lifting and cleaning recovery device, and a fallen cotton cleaning and recovery device; the frame (1) is provided with wheels (30) below, the straw crushing and returning device is provided at the front lower part of the frame (1), the residual film collection and compression device is provided on the frame (1), the fallen cotton collection device is located above the residual film collection and compression device, and the residual film lifting and cleaning recovery device and the fallen cotton cleaning and recovery device are located behind the residual film collection and compression device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, specifically to a traction-type combined harvester for cotton film harvesting and straw return to the field. Background Technology

[0002] Cotton is one of my country's major economic crops. Mulching can increase soil temperature, retain soil moisture, effectively prevent fertilizer loss, suppress weed growth, improve soil structure, and increase crop yield and quality. In my country, mulching technology began to be promoted in the late 1970s. After years of development and application, mulching has become an important part of agricultural production, with 100% of cotton fields covered with mulch. However, agricultural mulch film is mainly composed of polyethylene. If it is not recycled, the long-term accumulation of residual film in the field will lead to: altering or cutting off the continuity of soil pores, creating greater resistance to the movement of water by gravity, slowing down the downward movement of water by gravity, thereby reducing water infiltration, lowering soil moisture content, weakening the drought resistance of arable land, and even causing serious consequences such as poor water infiltration; residual film will also affect the physical properties of the soil. Residual film will mechanically block crops, making it difficult for crops to emerge and reducing the survival rate of seedlings. Specifically, seeds sown on residual film will have difficulty absorbing enough water to expand and germinate, or the young roots will not be able to penetrate the film and thus fail to emerge. Seeds sown under residual film will not be able to push the film out after germination, or the high temperature under the film will cause seedling death, reducing the proportion of high-quality seedlings. When fertilizing between crops, large pieces of residual film will block fertilizer, affecting fertilizer efficiency and causing a decrease in yield. Residual film will also delay the budding period of cotton and reduce plant height, reduce the number of bolls per cotton plant, and increase the boll drop rate.

[0003] Cotton stalks are a major byproduct of cotton cultivation. The advantages of returning cotton stalks to the field include: improving soil fertility (cotton stalks contain abundant organic matter and nutrients such as cellulose and lignin, which, after decomposition, provide nutrients to the soil, promote soil microbial activity, and enhance soil fertility); improving soil structure (returning cotton stalks to the field increases soil organic matter content, promotes soil aggregate formation, improves soil structure and aeration, and enhances soil permeability and water retention capacity); reducing environmental pollution (returning cotton stalks to the field avoids burning or leaving them in the field, reducing environmental pollution); saving costs (returning cotton stalks to the field reduces the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, thereby lowering agricultural production costs); and promoting sustainable agricultural development (returning cotton stalks to the field is a sustainable agricultural management method that can promote sustainable agricultural development, improve agricultural production efficiency, and enhance environmental quality).

[0004] Residual plastic film pollution and straw return to the field are major issues that must be addressed for the sustainable and healthy development of the cotton industry. Currently, residual plastic film recycling and straw return machines are being widely used in cotton production, with an increasing number of machine models. The residual plastic film recycling rate and straw crushing qualification rate during machine operation are gradually improving, and the technology is becoming increasingly mature. However, bottlenecks such as poor operational economics and long investment recovery periods exist during the promotion process. Generally, the operation fee for residual plastic film recycling machines is about 30-35 yuan / mu, and the annual operation volume is still difficult to stabilize at more than 3,000 mu. Investors need at least two years to break even, which greatly reduces the enthusiasm of farmers to purchase such machinery. With the continuous improvement of cotton planting technology, my country's cotton production has basically achieved full mechanization, with mechanized cotton harvesting accounting for about 93%. With the widespread application of cotton harvesters, while improving operational efficiency, improper mechanical design, operation methods, or maintenance have led to some cotton falling to the ground unharvested, forming "ground cotton." It is conservatively estimated that this exceeds 45 kg / mu (approximately 0.16 acres). After cleaning and processing, the selling price is about 4.5 yuan / kg, which can reach more than 200 yuan / mu, causing unnecessary economic losses to farmers.

[0005] After cotton harvesting, to improve cotton utilization, increase soil organic matter, improve soil structure, reduce fertilizer use, enhance crop resistance, and protect the environment while promoting sustainable agricultural development, agricultural waste requires multiple processes including straw return to the field, residual film recycling, and fallen cotton collection. Currently, the agricultural machinery market offers a large number of integrated machines for residual film collection and straw return, as well as machines for collecting fallen cotton. However, after the fallen cotton collection is completed, the machinery still needs to process the cotton field again, increasing the number of times the machinery compacts the field, leading to high operating costs and low efficiency, thus hindering the widespread adoption of these machines. Advanced and efficient combined operation machinery urgently needs development. If fallen cotton could be effectively collected and separated from residual film during the residual film recycling and straw return process, and the value of the fallen cotton could be used to offset the cost of recycling the residual film, reducing operating costs and increasing efficiency, it would strongly promote the advancement of mechanized residual film recycling technology and its widespread application in cotton fields. Therefore, advanced and efficient combined operation machinery urgently needs development. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention discloses a traction-type combined harvester for cotton film and straw return to the field, which can complete multiple processes in one go, including picking up fallen cotton, crushing and returning straw to the field, and recycling residual film, thereby improving operational efficiency and reducing machine operating costs.

[0007] This invention discloses a traction-type combined harvesting machine for cotton and straw return to the field, including a frame (1), a transmission system, a hydraulic system, walking wheels (30), a residual film collection and compression device, a fallen cotton collection device, a straw crushing and returning device, a residual film lifting, cleaning and recycling device, and a fallen cotton cleaning and recycling device.

[0008] The frame (1) is provided with a walking wheel (30) below it. The frame (1) is provided with a straw crushing and returning device below the front. The frame (1) is provided with a residual film collection and compression device. The fallen cotton collection device is located above the residual film collection and compression device. The residual film lifting and cleaning recycling device and the fallen cotton cleaning and recycling device are located behind the residual film collection and compression device.

[0009] The residual film collection and compression device includes a film collection box (2), a compression mechanism and a demolding mechanism. The film collection box (2) is provided with a film inlet (3) and a film unloading baffle (4). A compression mechanism is provided at the film inlet (3). The compression mechanism includes a baffle plate (5), a baffle crank connecting rod (6), a pressure plate (7) and a pressure crank connecting rod (8). The film unloading baffle (4) is hinged to the film collection box (2). A demolding mechanism is provided in the box opposite the film unloading baffle (4). The demolding mechanism includes a pusher crank connecting rod (9) and a pusher plate (10).

[0010] The cotton collection device includes a cotton collection box (11) and a cotton unloading mechanism. The cotton unloading mechanism includes a cotton unloading baffle (15) and a tilting cylinder (16). The cotton unloading baffle (15) is located on the box opposite the cotton inlet (14). The cotton unloading baffle (15) is hinged to the cotton collection box (11). One end of the tilting cylinder (16) is hinged to the frame (1), and the other end is hinged to the cotton collection box (11). The cotton unloading baffle (15) of the cotton collection box (11) is hinged to the frame (1) on one side. When the cotton stored in the cotton collection box (11) reaches a certain value, the cotton unloading baffle (15) opens, and the oil supply pipe adjusts the tilting cylinder (16) to drive the cotton collection box (11) to tilt, thus completing the automatic cotton unloading.

[0011] The straw crushing and returning device includes a straw beater suspension (17), a straw beater housing (18), a crushing blade shaft (19), a throwing blade (20), a pressing comb (21), a screw conveyor (22), a hydraulic motor I (23), and a depth limiting roller (24). One end of the straw beater suspension (17) is hinged to the frame (1), and the other end is hinged to the straw beater housing (18). The straw beater housing (18) is equipped with a crushing blade shaft (19) and a screw conveyor (22). The crushing blade shaft (19) is equipped with a throwing blade (20) and a wind plate (26). The wind plate (26) is a long strip located between the blade fixing plates of the two throwing blades (20). The pressing comb (21) is an arc-shaped bar tooth with a slightly pointed tip. The screw conveyor (22) is densely fixed below the crushing blade shaft (19), with an appropriate gap between the two comb teeth. The tail is fixed at the lower crossbeam in the middle of the casing (18) of the rod beater. The screw conveyor (22) is equipped with a rod collecting box (27) and a conveying auger A (28). The rod collecting box (27) is equipped with a rod inlet (29) and rod outlets (30) on both sides. The rod inlet (29) corresponds to the crushing blade shaft (19). The hydraulic motor I (23) controls the forward and reverse rotation of the conveying auger A (28) and thus controls the direction of scattering the chopped straw, so that the straw is always scattered towards the area where the residual film recycling operation has been carried out. This effectively avoids the problem of chopped straw falling onto the ground residual film and helps to improve the recycling rate of the subsequent fallen cotton and residual film.

[0012] The residual film removal and cleaning recovery device includes a chain rake frame (31), chain rake spokes (32), a film removal shaft (33), and a depth-limiting tail wheel (34). The chain rake frame (31) is a frame structure. A picking mechanism is provided on the chain rake frame (31). The picking mechanism includes a spring tooth shaft (35), spring teeth (36), and a sprocket (37). The chain rake frame (31) is also provided with a film removal shaft (33). The spring teeth (36) complete the film removal when passing through the film removal shaft (33). The frame (1) and the chain rake frame (31) are connected by the chain rake spokes. The plate (32) is hinged, and a lifting cylinder (38) is provided below the chain rake frame (31). One end of the lifting cylinder (38) is connected to the chain rake frame (31), and the other end is connected to the frame (1). As the lifting cylinder (38) extends and retracts, it drives the chain rake frame (31) to rotate relative to the frame (1) around the hinge. A depth limiting tail wheel (34) is provided behind the chain rake frame (31). The depth limiting tail wheel (34) includes a spiral lifting mechanism (39). The relative position between the depth limiting tail wheel (34) and the chain rake frame (31) can be adjusted.

[0013] The ground cotton cleaning and recycling device includes a ground cotton collection mechanism and a ground cotton conveying mechanism. The ground cotton collection mechanism and the ground cotton conveying mechanism are composed of a ground cotton conveying auger B (40) and a ground cotton waste removal grid (41). The ground cotton collection mechanism is located below the chain rake frame (31), and the ground cotton conveying mechanism is located on the side of the chain rake frame (31) near the cotton inlet (14). The ground cotton collection mechanism is welded to the frame (1). A waste removal mechanism (42) is provided below the ground cotton collection mechanism. The waste removal mechanism (42) includes a waste removal box (43) and a waste conveying auger (44).

[0014] Furthermore, the baffle plate (5) and the pressure plate (7) are located in the inner cavity of the film collection box (2). The pressure crank connecting rod (8) and the pressure plate (7) are hinged. The pressure crank connecting rod (8) drives the pressure plate (7) to perform horizontal squeezing motion in the inner cavity of the film collection box (2). As the demolding shaft (33) scrapes the residual film collected by the spring tooth (36) down to the film inlet (3) of the film collection box (2), the baffle plate (5) falls down and the film drop opening shrinks. When the pressure crank connecting rod (8) pushes the pressure plate (7) forward, it drives the baffle crank connecting rod (6), and the baffle plate (5) moves upward. The film drop opening becomes larger. When the pressure crank connecting rod (8) reaches the limit position, the baffle plate (5) is fully opened. During the return motion of the pressure plate (7), the baffle crank connecting rod (6) rotates in the opposite direction, the baffle plate (5) falls down, and the film drop opening shrinks.

[0015] Furthermore, the unloading baffle (4) is equipped with a side-opening oil cylinder (45). One end of the side-opening oil cylinder (45) is connected to the frame (1), and the other end is connected to the unloading baffle (4). The push film crank connecting rod (9) and the push film plate (10) are hinged. When the residual film density in the film collection box (2) reaches a certain value, the oil supply regulating side-opening oil cylinder (45) drives the unloading baffle (4) to open. The push film crank connecting rod (9) drives the push film plate (10) to push out the residual film in the film collection box (2), thereby realizing automatic unloading.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0017] a. The traction-type film-coated cotton harvesting and straw return combined operation machine disclosed in this invention is a combined operation machine that can complete multiple processes such as picking up fallen cotton, crushing and returning straw to the field, and recycling residual film in one go, thereby improving operation efficiency, reducing operation costs, and increasing operation benefits. It will surely strongly promote the advancement of mechanized technology for residual film recycling and its widespread application in cotton fields.

[0018] b. In the ground cotton collection device of the combined traction cotton harvesting and straw return machine disclosed in this invention, the cotton collection box (11) has one side of the unloading baffle (15) hinged to the frame (1), and a flipping cylinder (16) is provided between the cotton collection box (11) and the frame (1). When the cotton stored in the cotton collection box (11) reaches a certain value, the unloading baffle (15) opens, and the flipping cylinder (16) drives the cotton collection box (11) to flip, thus completing the automatic unloading of cotton.

[0019] c. The ground cotton cleaning and recycling device of the traction-type film cotton harvesting and straw returning combined operation machine disclosed in this invention is equipped with a two-stage impurity removal grid, which greatly reduces the impurity content in the ground cotton.

[0020] d. The straw crushing and returning device of the traction-type film cotton harvesting and straw returning combined operation machine disclosed in this invention is equipped with film pressing comb teeth (21). The strong wind generated by the wind plate (26) on the crushing blade shaft (19) blows away the impurities on the film cotton through the comb teeth. The appropriate gap of the comb teeth can also ensure that the fallen cotton and residual film are retained.

[0021] e. In the straw crushing and returning device of the traction-type film cotton harvesting and straw returning combined operation machine disclosed in this invention, the hydraulic motor I (23) controls the forward and reverse rotation of the conveying auger A (28) and thus controls the direction of scattering the chopped straw, so that the straw is always scattered towards the area where the residual film has been recycled, effectively avoiding the problem of chopped straw falling onto the ground residual film, and helping to improve the recycling rate of the subsequently fallen cotton and residual film. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is the isometric view A of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is the isometric view B of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is the isometric view C of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is the right view of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the residual film collection and compression device of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the straw crushing and returning device of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the residual film forming, cleaning and recycling device of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the ground cotton collection device of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 9This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cotton cleaning and recycling device of the present invention.

[0031] In the diagram: 1 is the frame, 2 is the film collection box, 3 is the film inlet, 4 is the film unloading baffle, 5 is the film baffle plate, 6 is the film baffle crank connecting rod, 7 is the film pressing plate, 8 is the film pressing crank connecting rod, 9 is the film pushing crank connecting rod, 10 is the film pushing plate, 11 is the cotton collection box, 12 is the wire mesh, 13 is the hydraulic motor II, 14 is the cotton inlet, 15 is the cotton unloading baffle, 16 is the tilting cylinder, 17 is the rod-beating machine suspension, 18 is the rod-beating machine housing, 19 is the crushing blade shaft, 20 is the throwing knife, 21 is the film pressing comb, 22 is the screw conveyor, and 23 is the hydraulic... Motor I, 24 is the depth limiting roller, 25 is the oil drum, 26 is the wind vane, 27 is the rod retraction box, 28 is the conveying auger A, 29 is the rod inlet, 30 is the traveling wheel, 31 is the chain rake frame, 32 is the chain rake spoke, 33 is the demolding shaft, 34 is the depth limiting tail wheel, 35 is the spring tooth shaft, 36 is the spring tooth, 37 is the sprocket, 38 is the lifting cylinder, 39 is the lifting mechanism, 40 is the conveying auger B, 41 is the cotton impurity removal grid, 42 is the impurity removal mechanism, 43 is the impurity removal box, 44 is the impurity conveying auger, 45 is the side-opening cylinder, and 46 is the gearbox. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The following embodiments further illustrate the above-described content of the present invention in detail. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Example 1: Refer to Figures 1-9 The diagram below is a structural schematic of Embodiment 1 of the present invention. This embodiment discloses a traction-type film cotton harvesting and straw return combined operation machine, including a frame (1), a transmission system, a hydraulic system, walking wheels (30), a residual film collection and compression device, a fallen cotton collection device, a straw crushing and returning device, a residual film lifting and cleaning recycling device, and a fallen cotton cleaning and recycling device.

[0034] The frame (1) is provided with a walking wheel (30) below it. The frame (1) is provided with a straw crushing and returning device below the front. The frame (1) is provided with a residual film collection and compression device. The fallen cotton collection device is located above the residual film collection and compression device. The residual film lifting and cleaning recycling device and the fallen cotton cleaning and recycling device are located behind the residual film collection and compression device.

[0035] The residual film collection and compression device includes a film collection box (2), a compression mechanism and a demolding mechanism. The film collection box (2) is provided with a film inlet (3) and a film unloading baffle (4). A compression mechanism is provided at the film inlet (3). The compression mechanism includes a baffle plate (5), a baffle crank connecting rod (6), a pressure plate (7) and a pressure crank connecting rod (8). The film unloading baffle (4) is hinged to the film collection box (2). A demolding mechanism is provided in the box opposite the film unloading baffle (4). The demolding mechanism includes a pusher crank connecting rod (9) and a pusher plate (10).

[0036] The cotton collection device includes a cotton collection box (11) and a cotton unloading mechanism. The cotton unloading mechanism includes a cotton unloading baffle (15) and a tilting cylinder (16). The cotton unloading baffle (15) is located on the box opposite the cotton inlet (14). The cotton unloading baffle (15) is hinged to the cotton collection box (11). One end of the tilting cylinder (16) is hinged to the frame (1), and the other end is hinged to the cotton collection box (11). The cotton unloading baffle (15) of the cotton collection box (11) is hinged to the frame (1) on one side. When the cotton stored in the cotton collection box (11) reaches a certain value, the cotton unloading baffle (15) opens, and the oil supply pipe adjusts the tilting cylinder (16) to drive the cotton collection box (11) to tilt, thus completing the automatic cotton unloading.

[0037] The straw crushing and returning device includes a straw beater suspension (17), a straw beater housing (18), a crushing blade shaft (19), a throwing blade (20), a pressing comb (21), a screw conveyor (22), a hydraulic motor I (23), and a depth limiting roller (24). One end of the straw beater suspension (17) is hinged to the frame (1), and the other end is hinged to the straw beater housing (18). The straw beater housing (18) is equipped with a crushing blade shaft (19) and a screw conveyor (22). The crushing blade shaft (19) is equipped with a throwing blade (20) and a wind plate (26). The wind plate (26) is a long strip located between the blade fixing plates of the two throwing blades (20). The pressing comb (21) is an arc-shaped bar tooth with a slightly pointed tip. The screw conveyor (22) is densely fixed below the crushing blade shaft (19), with an appropriate gap between the two comb teeth. The tail is fixed at the lower crossbeam in the middle of the casing (18) of the rod beater. The screw conveyor (22) is equipped with a rod collecting box (27) and a conveying auger A (28). The rod collecting box (27) is equipped with a rod inlet (29) and rod outlets (30) on both sides. The rod inlet (29) corresponds to the crushing blade shaft (19). The hydraulic motor I (23) controls the forward and reverse rotation of the conveying auger A (28) and thus controls the direction of scattering the chopped straw, so that the straw is always scattered towards the area where the residual film recycling operation has been carried out. This effectively avoids the problem of chopped straw falling onto the ground residual film and helps to improve the recycling rate of the subsequent fallen cotton and residual film.

[0038] The residual film removal and cleaning recovery device includes a chain rake frame (31), chain rake spokes (32), a film removal shaft (33), and a depth-limiting tail wheel (34). The chain rake frame (31) is a frame structure. A picking mechanism is provided on the chain rake frame (31). The picking mechanism includes a spring tooth shaft (35), spring teeth (36), and a sprocket (37). The chain rake frame (31) is also provided with a film removal shaft (33). The spring teeth (36) complete the film removal when passing through the film removal shaft (33). The frame (1) and the chain rake frame (31) are connected by the chain rake spokes. The plate (32) is hinged, and a lifting cylinder (38) is provided below the chain rake frame (31). One end of the lifting cylinder (38) is connected to the chain rake frame (31), and the other end is connected to the frame (1). As the lifting cylinder (38) extends and retracts, it drives the chain rake frame (31) to rotate relative to the frame (1) around the hinge. A depth limiting tail wheel (34) is provided behind the chain rake frame (31). The depth limiting tail wheel (34) includes a spiral lifting mechanism (39). The relative position between the depth limiting tail wheel (34) and the chain rake frame (31) can be adjusted.

[0039] The ground cotton cleaning and recycling device includes a ground cotton collection mechanism and a ground cotton conveying mechanism. The ground cotton collection mechanism and the ground cotton conveying mechanism are composed of a ground cotton conveying auger B (40) and a ground cotton waste removal grid (41). The ground cotton collection mechanism is located below the chain rake frame (31), and the ground cotton conveying mechanism is located on the side of the chain rake frame (31) near the cotton inlet (14). The ground cotton collection mechanism is welded to the frame (1). A waste removal mechanism (42) is provided below the ground cotton collection mechanism. The waste removal mechanism (42) includes a waste removal box (43) and a waste conveying auger (44).

[0040] Furthermore, the baffle plate (5) and the pressure plate (7) are located in the inner cavity of the film collection box (2). The pressure crank connecting rod (8) and the pressure plate (7) are hinged. The pressure crank connecting rod (8) drives the pressure plate (7) to perform horizontal squeezing motion in the inner cavity of the film collection box (2). As the demolding shaft (33) scrapes the residual film collected by the spring tooth (36) down to the film inlet (3) of the film collection box (2), the baffle plate (5) falls down and the film drop opening shrinks. When the pressure crank connecting rod (8) pushes the pressure plate (7) forward, it drives the baffle crank connecting rod (6), and the baffle plate (5) moves upward. The film drop opening becomes larger. When the pressure crank connecting rod (8) reaches the limit position, the baffle plate (5) is fully opened. During the return motion of the pressure plate (7), the baffle crank connecting rod (6) rotates in the opposite direction, the baffle plate (5) falls down, and the film drop opening shrinks.

[0041] Furthermore, the unloading baffle (4) is equipped with a side-opening oil cylinder (45). One end of the side-opening oil cylinder (45) is connected to the frame (1), and the other end is connected to the unloading baffle (4). The push film crank connecting rod (9) and the push film plate (10) are hinged. When the residual film density in the film collection box (2) reaches a certain value, the oil supply regulating side-opening oil cylinder (45) drives the unloading baffle (4) to open. The push film crank connecting rod (9) drives the push film plate (10) to push out the residual film in the film collection box (2), thereby realizing automatic unloading.

[0042] See attached document Figure 1-4 When the present invention starts working, the power is transmitted from the rear output shaft of the tractor to the gearbox (46). Part of the power distributed by the gearbox (46) is transmitted to the straw crushing and returning device. The high-speed rotation of the crushing blade shaft (19) drives the throwing blade (20) to crush the cotton stalks. The wind plate (26) generates a huge wind force with the high-speed rotation of the crushing blade shaft (19) to blow the crushed cotton stalks to the screw conveyor (22). The conveying auger (28) controlled by the hydraulic motor discharges the crushed cotton stalks to the side where the work has been completed. Another part of the power is transmitted to the residual film lifting and cleaning recycling device. The spring teeth (36) in the picking mechanism enter the soil to pick up the film. The spring teeth (36) lift the film. The spring tooth shaft (35) drives the spring teeth (36) to move obliquely upward along the chain rake frame (31). During this process, the set mechanical vibration will shake the fallen cotton and impurities on the surface of the film to the fallen cotton collection mechanism. Some of the impurities fall through the horizontal fallen cotton discharge grid into the cleaning box in the cleaning mechanism (42). The impurity conveying auger (44) discharges the impurities. The other part of the impurities fall through the obliquely upward falling... The cotton removal grid falls into the field. The hydraulic motor II (13) drives the cotton conveying auger (28) to transport the cotton to the cotton collection box (11). When the tractor driver sees the cotton in the cotton collection box (11) is full through the wire mesh (12), the tractor driver drives the vehicle to the unloading area. When the cotton stored in the cotton collection box (11) reaches a certain value, the driver drives the tractor to the unloading area, opens the unloading baffle (15), and the oil supply pipe adjusts the tilting cylinder (16) to drive the cotton collection box (11) to tilt, thus completing the automatic unloading of cotton. When the spring tooth (36) in the picking mechanism moves to the area of ​​the film inlet (3), the spring tooth (36) contacts the film removal shaft (33), and the residual film falls to the film drop outlet. The pressing crank connecting rod (8) pushes the pressing plate (7) forward to compress the residual film. When the tractor driver sees the residual film piled up in the film collection box (2) through the wire mesh (12), the driver drives the tractor to the unloading area. The oil supply regulating side door opening cylinder (45) drives the unloading baffle (4) to open. The pushing crank connecting rod (9) drives the pushing plate (10) to push out the residual film in the cotton collection box (11), thus realizing automatic film unloading.

Claims

1. A traction-type combined harvesting machine for cotton film and straw return to the field, comprising a frame (1), a transmission system, a hydraulic system, walking wheels (30), a residual film collection and compression device, a ground cotton collection device, a straw crushing and returning device, a residual film lifting, cleaning and recycling device, and a ground cotton cleaning and recycling device; The frame (1) is provided with a walking wheel (30) below it, and a straw crushing and returning device is provided in front of the frame (1). The frame (1) is provided with a residual film collection and compression device. The fallen cotton collection device is located above the residual film collection and compression device. The residual film lifting, cleaning and recycling device and the fallen cotton cleaning and recycling device are located behind the residual film collection and compression device. The residual film collection and compression device includes a film collection box (2), a compression mechanism and a demolding mechanism. The film collection box (2) is provided with a film inlet (3) and a film unloading baffle (4). A compression mechanism is provided at the film inlet (3). The compression mechanism includes a film baffle (5), a film baffle crank connecting rod (6), a film pressing plate (7) and a film pressing crank connecting rod (8). The film unloading baffle (4) is hinged to the film collection box (2). A demolding mechanism is provided in the box opposite to the film unloading baffle (4). The demolding mechanism includes a film pushing crank connecting rod (9) and a film pushing plate (10). The cotton collection device includes a cotton collection box (11) and a cotton unloading mechanism. The cotton unloading mechanism includes a cotton unloading baffle (15) and a tilting cylinder (16). The cotton unloading baffle (15) is located on the box opposite the cotton inlet (14). The cotton unloading baffle (15) is hinged to the cotton collection box (11). One end of the tilting cylinder (16) is hinged to the frame (1), and the other end is hinged to the cotton collection box (11). The cotton unloading baffle (15) of the cotton collection box (11) is hinged to the frame (1). When the cotton stored in the cotton collection box (11) reaches a certain value, the cotton unloading baffle (15) opens. The oil supply pipe adjusts the tilting cylinder (16) to drive the cotton collection box (11) to tilt, thus completing the automatic cotton unloading. The straw crushing and returning device includes a straw crusher suspension (17), a straw crusher housing (18), a crushing blade shaft (19), a throwing blade (20), a pressing comb (21), a screw conveyor (22), a hydraulic motor I (23), and a depth limiting roller (24). One end of the straw crusher suspension (17) is hinged to the frame (1), and the other end is hinged to the straw crusher housing (18). The straw crusher housing (18) is equipped with a crushing blade shaft (19) and a screw conveyor (22). The crushing blade shaft (19) is equipped with a throwing blade (20) and a wind plate (26). The wind plate (26) is a long strip located between the blade fixing plates of the two throwing blades (20). The pressing comb (21) is an arc-shaped bar tooth with a slightly pointed top, densely fixed below the crushing blade shaft (19), with a gap between the two comb teeth. With appropriate gaps, the strong wind generated by the upper wind plate (26) of the crushing blade shaft (19) blows away impurities on the film cotton through the comb teeth. The appropriate gaps of the comb teeth can also ensure that the fallen cotton and residual film are retained. The tail is fixed at the lower crossbeam in the middle of the casing (18) of the rod beater. The screw conveyor (22) is equipped with a rod collecting box (27) and a conveying auger A (28). The rod collecting box (27) is equipped with a rod inlet (29) and rod outlets on both sides. The rod inlet (29) corresponds to the crushing blade shaft (19). The hydraulic motor I (23) controls the forward and reverse rotation of the conveying auger A (28) and thus controls the direction of throwing the chopped straw, so that the straw is always thrown towards the area where the residual film recycling operation has been carried out. This effectively avoids the problem of chopped straw falling onto the ground residual film and helps to improve the recycling rate of the subsequently fallen cotton and residual film. The residual film removal and cleaning recovery device includes a chain rake frame (31), chain rake spokes (32), a film removal shaft (33), and a depth-limiting tail wheel (34). The chain rake frame (31) is a frame structure. A picking mechanism is provided on the chain rake frame (31). The picking mechanism includes a spring tooth shaft (35), spring teeth (36), and a sprocket (37). The chain rake frame (31) is also provided with a film removal shaft (33). The spring teeth (36) complete the film removal when passing through the film removal shaft (33). The frame (1) and the chain rake frame (31) are connected by the chain rake spokes. The plate (32) is hinged, and a lifting cylinder (38) is provided below the chain rake frame (31). One end of the lifting cylinder (38) is connected to the chain rake frame (31), and the other end is connected to the frame (1). As the lifting cylinder (38) extends and retracts, it drives the chain rake frame (31) to rotate relative to the frame (1) around the hinge. A depth limiting tail wheel (34) is provided behind the chain rake frame (31). The depth limiting tail wheel (34) includes a spiral lifting mechanism (39). The relative position between the depth limiting tail wheel (34) and the chain rake frame (31) can be adjusted. The ground cotton cleaning and recycling device includes a ground cotton collection mechanism and a ground cotton conveying mechanism. The ground cotton collection mechanism and the ground cotton conveying mechanism are composed of a ground cotton conveying auger B (40) and a ground cotton impurity removal grid (41). The ground cotton collection mechanism is located below the chain rake frame (31), and the ground cotton conveying mechanism is located on the side of the chain rake frame (31) near the cotton inlet (14). The ground cotton collection mechanism is welded to the frame (1). A cleaning mechanism (42) is provided below the ground cotton collection mechanism. The cleaning mechanism (42) includes an impurity removal box (43) and an impurity conveying auger (44). During the process of the spring tooth shaft (35) driving the spring tooth (36) to move obliquely upward along the chain rake frame (31), the set mechanical vibration will shake the ground cotton and impurities on the surface of the mulch film to the ground cotton collection mechanism.

2. The combined harvesting and straw returning machine for traction-type film-covered cotton harvesting as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The baffle plate (5) and the pressure plate (7) are located in the inner cavity of the film collection box (2). The pressure plate crank connecting rod (8) and the pressure plate (7) are hinged. The pressure plate crank connecting rod (8) drives the pressure plate (7) to make horizontal squeezing motion in the inner cavity of the film collection box (2). As the demolding shaft (33) scrapes the residual film collected by the spring tooth (36) down to the film inlet (3) of the film collection box (2), the baffle plate (5) falls down and the film drop opening narrows. When the pressure plate crank connecting rod (8) pushes the pressure plate (7) forward, it drives the baffle crank connecting rod (6) and the baffle plate (5) moves upward. The film drop opening becomes larger. When the pressure plate crank connecting rod (8) reaches the limit position, the baffle plate (5) is fully opened. During the return motion of the pressure plate (7), the baffle crank connecting rod (6) rotates in the opposite direction, the baffle plate (5) falls down and the film drop opening narrows.

3. The combined harvesting and straw returning machine for traction-type film-covered cotton harvesting as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The unloading baffle (4) is equipped with a side-opening oil cylinder (45). One end of the side-opening oil cylinder (45) is connected to the frame (1), and the other end is connected to the unloading baffle (4). The push film crank connecting rod (9) and the push film plate (10) are hinged. When the residual film density in the film collection box (2) reaches a certain value, the oil supply regulating side-opening oil cylinder (45) drives the unloading baffle (4) to open. The push film crank connecting rod (9) drives the push film plate (10) to push out the residual film in the film collection box (2), thereby realizing automatic unloading.

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