A kind of sugarcane acid-aluminum resistant cultivation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a sugarcane acid-aluminum resistant cultivation method, and relates to the technical field of sugarcane cultivation. The cultivation method of the invention comprises: applying a combined bacterial agent and a promoter respectively in the new planting period, seedling period, tillering period and elongation period of sugarcane, wherein the combined bacterial agent comprises the following bacterial agents: nitrogen-fixing Bacillus, Agrobacterium and actinomycetes; and the promoter comprises the following raw materials: humic acid, choline, phospholipid and selenium. The invention adopts auxiliary means such as the combined bacterial agent and the promoter to establish an efficient combined nitrogen fixation system, so that sugarcane can grow normally in high-acid-aluminum soil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of sugarcane cultivation, in particular to an acid-aluminum-resistant cultivation method for sugarcane. Background Art

[0002] Guangxi accounts for more than 65% of the country's sugarcane cultivation area and sugarcane production. It is the most important sugar production area in my country. It is also one of the areas with the most serious soil acidification in my country. About 800,000 hectares of sugarcane fields in the region have acidic soils with a pH below 5.0. Aluminum toxicity is the most important abiotic stress factor that restricts crop growth in acidic soils. When the soil pH drops below 5.0, the complexed and combined aluminum in the soil will gradually dissociate, releasing a large amount of active Al 3+ The plants are poisoned, causing nutritional imbalance, root poisoning, etc., which seriously affect the growth and development of sugarcane.

[0003] At present, the main methods for cultivating sugarcane on acidic soil are: using lime to adjust soil acidity during planting, selecting acid-aluminum resistant sugarcane varieties for planting, and using commercially available soil conditioners (microbial agents) to adjust soil acidity. Using lime to adjust soil is easy to cause soil compaction and soil physical and chemical properties are prone to change; selecting acid-aluminum resistant sugarcane varieties for planting takes a long time, and there are few varieties, which is difficult to meet actual needs; using commercially available soil conditioners (microbial agents) to adjust and use microorganisms to alleviate soil aluminum toxicity has a certain effect, especially using combined nitrogen-fixing bacteria to fix nitrogen with sugarcane in the rhizosphere and body of sugarcane. The physiological activities caused by them significantly reduce the aluminum content in the soil and improve the aluminum stress in the field. However, there are few studies on the use of combined nitrogen-fixing bacteria and sugarcane to form a combined nitrogen-fixing system to improve soil acidity. In addition, due to the long-term high nitrogen stress of sugarcane cultivated varieties in my country, the number of bacteria that can survive low nitrogen in the body is only equivalent to the lowest level of Brazilian sugarcane varieties (104 CFU / g dry weight), making it difficult to form an efficient combined nitrogen-fixing system.

[0004] In view of the above problems, it is of great significance to study how to establish an efficient combined nitrogen fixation system to enable sugarcane to grow normally in high-acid aluminum soils. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above shortcomings, the present invention provides a sugarcane acid-aluminum resistant cultivation method, which uses appropriate combination of bacterial agents, accelerators and other means to establish an efficient combined nitrogen fixation system, so that sugarcane can grow normally in high-acid-aluminum soil. The specific technical scheme is as follows:

[0006] A sugarcane acid-aluminum resistant cultivation method comprises applying a combined bacterial agent and a promoter respectively in the new planting period, seedling period, tillering period and elongation period of the sugarcane, wherein the combined bacterial agent comprises the following bacterial agents in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacillus, 30-50 parts of Agrobacterium and 20-40 parts of actinomycetes; and the promoter comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-80 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of choline, 10-30 parts of phospholipids and 0.01-0.1 parts of selenium.

[0007] Preferably, the weight ratio of the combined bacterial agent to the promoter is 5-20:1.

[0008] Preferably, the method for using the combined bacterial agent and the promoter in the new planting period is: dilute the combined bacterial agent and the promoter with water by 200-300 times, and then evenly sprinkle the mixture on the sugarcane seed stems.

[0009] Preferably, the method of using the combined bacterial agent and the promoter in the seedling stage, tillering stage and elongation stage is: first mix the combined bacterial agent and the promoter into a mixture, then mix the mixture with water at a weight ratio of 1:500-1000 to form a dilution and then apply it to the roots.

[0010] Preferably, the amount of the diluent applied during the seedling stage is 100-150 mL / hole.

[0011] Preferably, the amount of the dilution applied during the tillering stage is 200-250 mL / hole.

[0012] Preferably, the amount of the diluent applied during the extension period is 300-400 mL / hole.

[0013] Preferably, the root application is covered with a layer of biochar having a moisture content of 60-70%.

[0014] Preferably, the root application is performed in the evening or morning.

[0015] Preferably, the combined bacterial agent comprises the following bacterial agents in parts by weight: 95 parts of nitrogen-fixing Bacillus, 36 parts of Agrobacterium and 28 parts of actinomycetes; the promoter comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of choline, 12 parts of phospholipids and 0.06 parts of selenium.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. The present invention uses a suitable combination of bacterial agents and auxiliary means such as promoters to establish an efficient combined nitrogen fixation system, so that sugarcane can grow normally in high-acid aluminum soil. Among them, Agrobacterium in the combined bacterial agent can produce pectin and hemicellulose, which can adsorb aluminum ions, thereby reducing the absorption of aluminum ions by cells inside the root system, and actinomycetes can produce superoxide dismutase and ammonia. Superoxide dismutase can repair cells in the root system damaged by acid aluminum, thereby promoting the growth of sugarcane roots, and ammonia can increase the environmental pH. Therefore, the combined action of Agrobacterium and actinomycetes provides good conditions for the growth of nitrogen-fixing Bacillus, enabling it to quickly infect sugarcane, forming an efficient combined nitrogen fixation system, and then improving the acid aluminum resistance of sugarcane.

[0018] 2. Humic acid and selenium in the promoter of the present invention can increase the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase; choline and phospholipids can increase the permeability of Agrobacterium and actinomycete cell membranes, promote the release of pectin and hemicellulose in Agrobacterium and superoxide dismutase in actinomycetes, and further enhance the adsorption of soil aluminum ions and the repair of damaged root systems.

[0019] 3. Covering the roots with biochar after fertilization can provide a good growth environment for the combined bacteria, which is beneficial to their growth and colonization. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments.

[0021] It should be noted that the nitrogen-fixing Bacillus in this example and the comparative example is from the China Agricultural Microbial Culture Collection Management Center of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and the Agrobacterium and actinomycetes are from Ningbo Testo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0022] Example 1

[0023] A sugarcane acid-aluminum resistant cultivation method comprising:

[0024] Planting sugarcane: In the spring of 2022, clean the above-mentioned sugarcane fields and plow and dry the soil for 5 days, then dig sugarcane planting trenches with a distance of 90 cm and a depth of 70 cm. Apply decomposed organic fertilizer to the bottom of the trench, and place the sugarcane seedlings in two rows with a distance of 8 cm between the two rows. Cover them with soil and spray them with water. During the new planting period of sugarcane, the combined bacterial agent and promoter with a weight ratio of 5:1 were diluted 200 times with water and evenly sprinkled on the sugarcane stems. The spraying amount of the diluted liquid was 3% of the weight of the stems. During the seedling stage, tillering stage and elongation stage of sugarcane, the combined bacterial agent and promoter were applied with a weight ratio of 5:1 respectively. When applying, the combined bacterial agent and promoter were first mixed into a mixture, and then the mixture was mixed with water at a weight ratio of 1:500 to form a diluted liquid, and then applied to the roots in the evening. The amount of the diluted liquid applied in the seedling stage was 100 mL / hole, the amount of the diluted liquid applied in the tillering stage was 200 mL / hole, and the amount of the diluted liquid applied in the elongation stage was 300 mL / hole. After root application, a layer of biochar with a moisture content of 60% was covered. The combined bacterial agent comprises the following bacterial agents in parts by weight: 80 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacillus, 30 parts of Agrobacterium and 20 parts of actinomycetes; the promoter comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of choline, 10 parts of phospholipids and 0.01 parts of selenium.

[0025] Example 2

[0026] A sugarcane acid-aluminum resistant cultivation method comprising:

[0027] Planting sugarcane: In the spring of 2022, clean the above-mentioned sugarcane fields and plow and dry the soil for 5 days, then dig sugarcane planting trenches with a distance of 100 cm and a depth of 80 cm. Apply decomposed organic fertilizer to the bottom of the trench, and place the sugarcane seedlings in two rows with a distance of 8 cm between the two rows. Cover them with soil and spray them with water. During the new planting period of sugarcane, the combined bacterial agent and promoter with a weight ratio of 20:1 were diluted 300 times with water and evenly sprinkled on the sugarcane stems. The spraying amount of the diluted liquid was 5% of the weight of the stems. During the seedling stage, tillering stage and elongation stage of sugarcane, the combined bacterial agent and promoter were applied with a weight ratio of 20:1 respectively. When applying, the combined bacterial agent and promoter were first mixed into a mixture, and then the mixture was mixed with water at a weight ratio of 1:1000 to form a diluted liquid, which was then applied to the roots in the morning. The amount of the diluted liquid applied in the seedling stage was 150 mL / hole, the amount of the diluted liquid applied in the tillering stage was 250 mL / hole, and the amount of the diluted liquid applied in the elongation stage was 400 mL / hole. After root application, a layer of biochar with a moisture content of 70% was covered. The combined bacterial agent includes the following bacterial agents in parts by weight: 100 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacillus, 50 parts of Agrobacterium and 40 parts of actinomycetes; the promoter includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of choline, 30 parts of phospholipids and 0.1 parts of selenium.

[0028] Example 3

[0029] A sugarcane acid-aluminum resistant cultivation method comprising:

[0030] Planting sugarcane: In the spring of 2022, clean the above-mentioned sugarcane fields and plow and dry the soil for 5 days, then dig sugarcane planting trenches with a distance of 90 cm and a depth of 70 cm. Apply decomposed organic fertilizer to the bottom of the trench, and place the sugarcane seedlings in two rows with a distance of 8 cm between the two rows. Cover them with soil and spray them with water. During the new planting period of sugarcane, the combined bacterial agent and promoter with a weight ratio of 15:1 were diluted 250 times with water and evenly sprinkled on the sugarcane stems. The spraying amount of the diluted liquid was 4% of the weight of the stems. During the seedling stage, tillering stage and elongation stage of sugarcane, the combined bacterial agent and promoter were applied with a weight ratio of 15:1 respectively. When applying, the combined bacterial agent and promoter were first mixed into a mixture, and then the mixture was mixed with water at a weight ratio of 1:800 to form a diluted liquid, which was then applied to the roots in the evening. The amount of the diluted liquid applied in the seedling stage was 120 mL / hole, the amount of the diluted liquid applied in the tillering stage was 230 mL / hole, and the amount of the diluted liquid applied in the elongation stage was 380 mL / hole. After root application, a layer of biochar with a moisture content of 65% was covered. The combined bacterial agent comprises the following bacterial agents in parts by weight: 95 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacillus, 36 parts of Agrobacterium and 28 parts of actinomycetes; the promoter comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of choline, 12 parts of phospholipids and 0.06 parts of selenium.

[0031] Two comparisons were set up to demonstrate the effect of the combined microbial agent: the combined microbial agent used for sugarcane did not contain Agrobacterium (Comparative Example 1), and the combined microbial agent used did not contain actinomycetes (Comparative Example 2). The other steps of the above controls were the same as those in Example 1.

[0032] Three comparisons were set up to demonstrate the effect of the promoter: the promoter used did not contain choline (Comparative Example 3), the promoter used did not contain phospholipids (Comparative Example 4), and the promoter used did not contain selenium (Comparative Example 5). The other steps of the above comparisons were the same as those in Example 1.

[0033] The above-mentioned planting soil type is sandy loam. The physical and chemical properties of the sugarcane soil detected before planting are: pH 4.0-4.8, organic matter content 19.41g / kg, total nitrogen content 0.120%, total phosphorus content 0.039%, total potassium content 0.41%, which is acidic soil. The planting variety is Guitang No. 42. The planting sugarcane row length is 10m, the row spacing is 1.5m, and 5 rows and 3 repetitions are set with the same field management. At the same time, it is planted in neutral and aluminum-free soil as a reference (reference group). 20 days after the application of the bacterial agent during the elongation period of sugarcane in 2022, 5 plants were randomly selected from each embodiment and comparative example to measure the plant height, root weight and root length to calculate the mean, and the leaf tips of the plants were observed. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0034] The observation method of plant height, root weight and root length is as follows: when measuring the root system (root length, root weight), first take the plant out of the soil, separate the root system from the plant, wash it, wipe the surface moisture with cotton cloth, and then measure it; observe the yellowing of the leaf tips of the plant, more than 80% of the yellowing of the leaves is severe yellowing, and 10-20% of the yellowing of the leaves is mild yellowing (mild yellowing is resistant to acid and aluminum, severe yellowing is not resistant to acid and aluminum); the plant height is the height measured from the ground to the first visible thick leaf sheath.

[0035] Table 1 Acid-resistant aluminum in various embodiments and comparative examples

[0036]

[0037] Table 1 shows that: (1) When the method of the present invention is used to plant sugarcane on soil with high acid-aluminum content, its plant height, root weight, root length and plant leaf tip are basically the same as those of the reference group. The sugarcane does not show toxic phenomena such as dwarfing and yellowing, and its growth is not hindered. It can be seen that the method of the present invention can enable sugarcane to grow normally on soil with high acid-aluminum content. (2) The combined action of Agrobacterium and actinomycetes provides good conditions for the growth of nitrogen-fixing Bacillus, enabling it to quickly infect sugarcane and form an efficient combined nitrogen-fixing system, thereby improving the acid-aluminum resistance of sugarcane. (3) The promoter of the present invention enhances the adsorption of soil aluminum ions and the repair of damaged root systems, and can effectively assist nitrogen-fixing bacteria to form an efficient combined nitrogen-fixing system, which is beneficial to the acid-aluminum resistance growth of sugarcane.

[0038] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention is for the purpose of illustration and demonstration. These descriptions are not intended to limit the present invention to the precise form disclosed, and it is clear that many changes and variations can be made based on the above teachings. The purpose of selecting and describing the exemplary embodiments is to explain the specific principles of the present invention and its practical application, so that those skilled in the art can realize and utilize various different exemplary embodiments of the present invention and various different selections and changes. The scope of the present invention is intended to be limited by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A sugarcane acid-aluminum resistant cultivation method, characterized in that: The combined bacterial agent and the promoter are applied respectively in the new planting period, seedling period, tillering period and elongation period of sugarcane. The combined bacterial agent comprises the following bacterial agents in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacillus, 30-50 parts of Agrobacterium and 20-40 parts of actinomycetes; the promoter comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-80 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of choline, 10-30 parts of phospholipids and 0.01-0.1 parts of selenium.

2. A sugarcane acid-aluminum resistant cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weight ratio of the combined bacterial agent to the promoter is 5-20:

1.

3. A sugarcane acid-aluminum resistant cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for using the combined bacterial agent and the accelerator in the new planting period is: dilute the combined bacterial agent and the accelerator with water by 200-300 times, and then evenly sprinkle the mixture on the sugarcane seed stems.

4. A sugarcane acid-aluminum resistant cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for using the combined bacterial agent and the accelerator in the seedling stage, tillering stage and elongation stage is: firstly mix the combined bacterial agent and the accelerator into a mixture, then mix the mixture with water at a weight ratio of 1:500-1000 to form a dilution, and then apply it to the roots.

5. A sugarcane acid-aluminum resistant cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The amount of the dilution applied during the seedling stage is 100-150 mL / hole.

6. A sugarcane acid-aluminum resistant cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The amount of the dilution applied during the tillering stage is 200-250 mL / hole.

7. A sugarcane acid-aluminum resistant cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The amount of the diluent applied during the elongation period is 300-400 mL / hole.

8. A sugarcane acid-aluminum resistant cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The root application is covered with a layer of biochar having a moisture content of 60-70%.

9. A sugarcane acid-aluminum resistant cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The time for root application is in the evening or morning.

10. A sugarcane acid-aluminum resistant cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combined bacterial agent comprises the following bacterial agents in parts by weight: 95 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacillus, 36 parts of Agrobacterium and 28 parts of actinomycetes; the promoter comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of choline, 12 parts of phospholipids and 0.06 parts of selenium.

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