A method for planting sugarcane in mountainous areas by spiral descending slope

Abstract

The present application provides a kind of mountainous sugarcane spiral descending slope planting method, first according to the topography of mountainous area, the mountainous area not suitable for mechanized planting is reformed into spiral descending slope, and the spiral descending slope-shaped mountainous sugarcane planting belt suitable for small and medium-sized mechanized operation is formed;Then spiral mechanized planting is carried out, in the reformed spiral descending slope-shaped mountainous sugarcane planting belt, small and medium-sized sugarcane planting machine is used for spiral mechanized strip sowing of sugarcane, the sugarcane variety selected is high-nutrient, strong ratooning and strong stress-tolerance sugarcane variety, the same sugarcane variety with uniform maturity period is selected in a mountainous sugarcane area, and different sugarcane varieties are selected in different altitudes of mountainous area;After sugarcane planting is completed, short green manure plants or vetiver suitable for local planting are selected and planted on the side slope beside the sugarcane planting belt at the right time, to continuously improve soil fertility and prevent and control sugarcane borer, and to prevent weed growth.The present application can realize full mechanized production, has high production efficiency, low labor cost, can significantly increase the income of sugarcane farmers and the benefit of sugar enterprises.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of crop planting methods, specifically to a method for spiral-sloping planting of sugarcane in mountainous areas. Background Technology

[0002] Sugarcane is an important sugar crop in my country. Mechanized sugarcane cultivation technology is an inevitable trend for the future development of the sugarcane industry. In the past decade or so, my country has made significant progress in research on mechanized sugarcane cultivation technology in hilly and mountainous areas, such as mechanized planting, mechanized inter-row cultivation management, and small-scale mechanized harvesting, which has reduced the labor intensity and labor costs of sugarcane cultivation.

[0003] The main stages of sugarcane production management include land preparation, ditching, planting, weeding, fertilization, hilling, plant protection, irrigation, harvesting, loading and transportation, breaking up ratoons, and crushing and returning sugarcane leaves to the field. Full mechanization of sugarcane planting is a systematic project. Due to the influence of land resources, technology and equipment, climate conditions, and organizational and management factors, sugarcane mechanization in my country has not yet fully reflected the system's economic goals, and technically has not yet reached the ideal yield requirements of integrating agricultural machinery and agronomy. The complex terrain, fragmented land, and varying plot sizes in the mountainous sugarcane-growing areas of Yunnan Province, my country, make it difficult to achieve full mechanization of sugarcane planting; only small-scale mechanized production in mountainous areas is possible.

[0004] Site conditions are the main factor limiting the promotion and application of fully mechanized sugarcane production technology in mountainous sugarcane areas. Currently, fully mechanized sugarcane production technology in my country is mainly concentrated in flat sugarcane areas. The application of this technology has accelerated in hilly and mountainous sugarcane areas after slope terracing, especially with the rapid development of step-by-step cooperative harvesting technology in recent years, which has expedited its promotion and application in these areas. However, the site conditions in my country's mountainous sugarcane areas are particularly poor, with steep slopes and small plots, making them largely unsuitable for mechanized sugarcane operations. Manual planting and harvesting remain the primary methods, resulting in high production costs and low profitability for sugarcane farmers, thus hindering the healthy development of the mountainous sugarcane industry.

[0005] Therefore, in my country's mountainous sugarcane-growing areas, especially the low-latitude plateau mountainous sugarcane-growing areas in Yunnan, it is necessary to combine the site conditions of the mountainous sugarcane-growing areas and carry out slope transformation of sugarcane gardens in suitable mountainous sugarcane-growing areas to form plots suitable for full mechanization of sugarcane operations, so as to realize full mechanization of sugarcane planting in mountainous sugarcane-growing areas. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems existing in the mechanized planting and production of sugarcane in mountainous areas, and to provide a spiral slope-gradient planting method for sugarcane in mountainous areas that can achieve full mechanization, high production efficiency, low labor costs, and high-quality sugarcane.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0008] A method for spiral-shaped slope-gradient planting of sugarcane in mountainous areas is as follows:

[0009] (1) Construction of spiral slope sugarcane planting area: Based on the topography of the mountain, the mountain is not suitable for mechanized planting. For the mountain with a slope of less than 25 degrees, the original mountain is transformed from the top of the mountain to the foot of the mountain into a spiral slope shape with a width of more than 3 meters. The slope of the spiral slope is less than 10 degrees, forming a spiral slope sugarcane planting belt suitable for small and medium-sized mechanized operations. For the mountain with a slope greater than 25 degrees, the original topography is retained. For the discontinuous sugarcane planting belt with a length of more than 100 m after the spiral slope transformation, a mechanized operation connection surface connecting the upper and lower planting belts is built at both ends or in the middle of the two adjacent planting belts for small machinery to pass through.

[0010] (2) Spiral mechanized planting: On the modified spiral-sloping sugarcane planting belt, small and medium-sized sugarcane planting machines are used to carry out spiral mechanized strip planting of sugarcane, that is, spiral planting along the planting belt around the mountain. Different cultivation methods are adopted in the sunny and shady areas of the mountain for spiral mechanized planting of sugarcane. At the machine-cultivated operation connection surface, strip planting is carried out along the direction of the machine-cultivated road. The sugarcane varieties planted are selected to be nutritious, have strong ratooning ability, and strong resistance. Sugarcane varieties with the same maturity period are selected in the same mountain sugarcane area, and different sugarcane varieties are selected in different altitude areas of the mountain.

[0011] (3) Planting sugarcane on mountain slopes: After the sugarcane is planted, select dwarf green manure plants or vetiver grass suitable for local planting and plant them on the slopes next to the sugarcane planting belt at the appropriate time to continuously improve soil fertility, prevent sugarcane borers, and prevent weed growth.

[0012] Furthermore, the width of the connecting surface for mechanized farming operations described in step (1) is 3-4 m.

[0013] Furthermore, the sugarcane varieties with high nutritional efficiency, strong perennial ability, and strong stress resistance mentioned in step (2) are one or two of the following: Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-51, Yunzhe 05-49, Yunzhe 141313, Yunzhe 1696, Guiliu 05-136, virus-free healthy seedling Yuetang 93-159, and Xintaitang No. 1.

[0014] Furthermore, in step (2), the sugarcane varieties selected are as follows: in sugarcane areas with an altitude of 1600-2000 meters, Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-51, and Xintai Sugar No. 1 are selected; in sugarcane areas with an altitude of 1200-1600 meters, Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-51, and Yunzhe 141313 are selected; in sugarcane areas with an altitude of 800-1200 meters, Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 141313, Yunzhe 1696, Guiliu 05-136, and virus-free healthy seedling Yuetang 93-159 are selected; and in sugarcane areas below an altitude of 800 meters, Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-49, Guiliu 05-136, and virus-free healthy seedling Yuetang 93-159 are selected.

[0015] Furthermore, in step (2), the sugarcane varieties with the same maturity period are selected in the same mountain sugarcane area. The specific selection method is as follows: when planting sugarcane, 1-2 sugarcane varieties are arranged. In the sunny sugarcane area, suitable sugarcane varieties are selected according to different altitudes. In the shady sugarcane area, shade-tolerant varieties such as Yunzhe 081609 and virus-free healthy seedling Yuetang 93-159 are selected according to different altitudes.

[0016] Furthermore, the same mountain sugarcane area refers to an area with an actual area of ​​more than 200 mu (approximately 33 acres) of sugarcane planted using mechanical spiral planting after the sugarcane garden has been transformed.

[0017] Furthermore, the spiral mechanized strip sowing described in step (2) is specifically carried out by using a sugarcane planter to perform integrated ditching, sowing, and fertilization operations. The mechanical ditching row spacing is 1.05-1.45 m, the ditching depth is 30-50 cm, the sowing amount is 0.8-1.3 million buds / mu, and the planting depth is 5-12 cm. Mechanized fertilization is then carried out, followed by full film covering.

[0018] Furthermore, in step (2), the spiral strip sowing of sugarcane in the mountains is carried out first in the shady side of the mountains, and then in the sunny side of the mountains. Mechanized planting is carried out in the shady side of the mountains, with a row spacing of 1.05-1.25 m, a ditch depth of 30-40 cm, a seeding rate of 0.8-1.00 million buds / mu, and a planting depth of 5-10 cm. Mechanized planting is carried out in the sunny side of the mountains, with a row spacing of 1.25-1.45 m, a ditch depth of 40-50 cm, a seeding rate of 1.0-1.3 million buds / mu, and a planting depth of 8-12 cm.

[0019] Furthermore, the mechanized fertilization involves applying 80-100 kg / mu of sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and 160-200 kg / mu of granular bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer when planting on the shaded side; and applying 30-36 kg / mu of sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and 120-160 kg / mu of granular bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer when planting on the sunny side, followed by full film mulching. During the sugarcane tillering stage, the film is removed for topdressing and hilling, using sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer at a rate of 70-84 kg / mu, with a hilling thickness of 10-15 cm.

[0020] Furthermore, the dwarf green manure plants planted on the slope in step (3) are one or more of the following: white clover, alfalfa, hairy / glossy vetch, pigweed, jackfruit, honesty, and sweet clover.

[0021] This invention transforms mountainous sugarcane growing areas, previously unsuitable for full mechanization, particularly harvesting, into spiral slope-lowering areas. This allows small and medium-sized machines used for all stages of sugarcane production—including tillage, ditching, planting, weeding, fertilization, hilling, plant protection, irrigation, harvesting, loading and transportation, breaking up ratoons, and crushing and returning sugarcane leaves to the field—to operate along the spiral planting belt. Furthermore, the invention facilitates movement from one planting belt to another via specially designed connecting surfaces, effectively improving mechanization efficiency and reducing the slope of the terrain. This transforms the sugarcane growing areas into areas capable of full mechanization. Compared to existing technologies for full mechanization in dam areas and semi-mechanized production in hilly and terraced regions, this invention overcomes the challenge of achieving full mechanization in mountainous areas, increasing production efficiency and reducing labor costs. Simultaneously, by adapting to varying slopes, this invention enables spiral slope reduction and slope greening in sugarcane growing areas, effectively protecting the original ecological environment of these regions. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the planting method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The embodiments of this application will now be described in more detail. While embodiments of this application are shown in the examples, it should be understood that this application can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make this application more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of this application to those skilled in the art.

[0024] The method for spiral slope-gradient planting of sugarcane in mountainous areas according to the present invention is as follows:

[0025] (1) Construction of spiral slope sugarcane growing areas: Based on the topography of the mountainous area, transform the mountainous areas that are not suitable for mechanized planting, such as... Figure 1 As shown, for mountainous areas with a slope of less than 25 degrees, the original mountainous area is transformed from the top of the mountain to the foot of the mountain into a spiral descending slope with a width of more than 3 meters. The slope of the spiral descending slope is less than 10 degrees, forming a spiral descending slope sugarcane planting belt 1 suitable for small and medium-sized mechanized operations. For mountainous areas with a slope greater than 25 degrees, the original topography is preserved. For discontinuous sugarcane planting belts with a length of more than 100 m after the spiral descending slope transformation, a mechanized farming connection surface 2 is built at both ends or in the middle of two adjacent planting belts to connect the upper and lower planting belts for small machinery to pass through. The width of the mechanized farming connection surface is 3-4 m. Figure 1 The diagram schematically depicts two progressively spiraling slopes, A and B, with a connecting surface 2 for mechanized farming operations constructed between the two slopes.

[0026] (2) Spiral mechanized planting: On the modified spiral-sloping sugarcane planting belt, small and medium-sized sugarcane planting machines are used to carry out spiral mechanized strip planting of sugarcane, that is, spiral planting along the planting belt around the mountain. Different cultivation methods are adopted in the sunny and shady areas of the mountain for spiral mechanized planting of sugarcane. At the connection surface of mechanized farming operations, strip planting is carried out along the direction of the mechanized farming road. The sugarcane varieties planted are selected to be nutritious, have strong ratooning ability, and strong resistance. Sugarcane varieties with the same maturity period are selected in the same mountain sugarcane area, and different sugarcane varieties are selected in different altitude areas of the mountain.

[0027] The sugarcane varieties mentioned, which are highly nutritious, have strong ratooning ability, and are highly resistant to adverse conditions, are one or two of the following: Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-51, Yunzhe 05-49, Yunzhe 141313, Yunzhe 1696, Guiliu 05-136, virus-free healthy seedling Yuetang 93-159, and Xintaitang No. 1. The sugarcane variety selection method is as follows: In sugarcane areas with an altitude of 1600-2000 meters, select Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-51, and Xintai Sugar No. 1; in sugarcane areas with an altitude of 1200-1600 meters, select Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-51, and Yunzhe 141313; in sugarcane areas with an altitude of 800-1200 meters, select Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 141313, Yunzhe 1696, Guiliu 05-136, and virus-free healthy seedling Yuetang 93-159; in sugarcane areas below 800 meters, select Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-49, Guiliu 05-136, and virus-free healthy seedling Yuetang 93-159. The specific method for selecting sugarcane varieties with a uniform maturity period in the same mountain sugarcane area is as follows: when planting sugarcane, 1-2 sugarcane varieties are selected. For sugarcane areas on the sunny side, suitable sugarcane varieties are selected according to different altitudes. For sugarcane areas on the shady side, shade-tolerant varieties such as Yunzhe 081609 and virus-free healthy seedlings Yuetang 93-159 are selected according to different altitudes.

[0028] The same mountain sugarcane area refers to an area with an actual area of ​​more than 200 mu (approximately 33 acres) of sugarcane planted in a spiral-shaped manner after the sugarcane garden was transformed.

[0029] The spiral mechanized strip sowing method specifically involves using a sugarcane planter to perform integrated ditching, sowing, and fertilization operations. The mechanical ditching row spacing is 1.05-1.45 m, the ditching depth is 30-50 cm, the sowing rate is 0.8-1.3 million buds / mu, and the planting depth is 5-12 cm. Mechanized fertilization is then performed, followed by full film mulching.

[0030] The spiral strip sowing method for sugarcane in mountainous areas involves first planting sugarcane on the shady side of the mountain, and then planting sugarcane on the sunny side. Mechanized planting is carried out on the shady side of the mountain, with mechanical furrowing and row spacing of 1.05-1.25 m, furrow depth of 30-40 cm, seeding rate of 0.8-1.00 million buds / mu, and planting depth of 5-10 cm. Mechanized planting is carried out on the sunny side of the mountain, with mechanical furrowing and row spacing of 1.25-1.45 m, furrow depth of 40-50 cm, seeding rate of 1.0-1.3 million buds / mu, and planting depth of 8-12 cm.

[0031] The mechanized fertilization involves applying 80-100 kg / mu of sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and 160-200 kg / mu of granular bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer when planting on the shady side; and applying 30-36 kg / mu of sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and 120-160 kg / mu of granular bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer when planting on the sunny side, followed by full film mulching. During the sugarcane tillering stage, the film is removed for topdressing and hilling, using sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer at a rate of 70-84 kg / mu, with a hilling thickness of 10-15 cm.

[0032] (3) Planting on sugarcane slopes in mountainous areas: After the sugarcane is planted, select suitable dwarf green manure plants or vetiver grass for local planting and plant them on the slopes 3 next to the sugarcane planting belt at the appropriate time. Green manure plants can continuously improve soil fertility and prevent weed growth. Some green manure plants can also be harvested and used as livestock feed. Dwarf green manure plants include one or more of the following: white clover, alfalfa, hairy / glossy vetch, pig manure bean, lappa bean, February orchid, and sweet clover. Planting vetiver grass can prevent sugarcane borers, reduce the amount of pesticides used, and at the same time prevent the growth of weeds on spiral slopes.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] A method for spiral-shaped slope-gradient planting of sugarcane in mountainous areas specifically includes the following steps:

[0035] (1) From October 2021 to January 2022, a spiral-sloping sugarcane planting area was constructed in the sugarcane area at an altitude of 1600-1750 meters in Sipaishan Township, Gengma Dai and Wa Autonomous County, Lincang City, Yunnan Province. Based on the topography of the mountainous area, 583 mu of mountainous sugarcane area that was not suitable for mechanized planting was planned and transformed. The original mountainous area was transformed into a spiral slope from the top of the mountain to the foot of the mountain, which was transformed into a sugarcane planting belt with a width of more than 3 m and a slope of less than 10 degrees, suitable for mechanized operation. The mountainous area with a slope greater than 25 degrees was not transformed and the original topography was retained. For the spiral slope transformation of the sugarcane planting belt with a length of more than 100 m, a mechanized operation connection surface was built at both ends or in the middle of the transformed spiral slope mountain sugarcane planting belt to facilitate small-scale mechanized operation. Meanwhile, a farm road suitable for mechanized sugarcane operations was built from the foot of the mountain to the top, along with connecting surfaces to facilitate mechanized operations and the transportation of materials and sugarcane. The farm road is 3.5 meters wide.

[0036] (2) From February to March 2022, sugarcane was planted using a spiral mechanized planting method in the modified shady sugarcane area of ​​the mountain. The variety selected was Yunzhe 081609. The row spacing for mechanized sugarcane trenching was 1.2 m, the trenching depth was 30 cm, the seeding rate was 10,000 buds / mu, and the planting depth was 6 cm. The fertilizer selected was 80 kg / mu of sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer mixed with pesticide and 160 kg / mu of granular bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, which was applied once to ensure sufficient base fertilizer. Then, the entire area was covered with fully biodegradable mulch film. The effective covering time of the fully biodegradable mulch film was 4-6 months. The film width was 2 m and the film thickness was 0.012 mm. The planting was carried out in strips along the direction of the tillage road on the connecting surface of the mechanized operation.

[0037] (3) From March to April 2022, sugarcane was planted using a spiral mechanized planting method in the transformed sunny side of the mountain sugarcane area. The variety selected was Yunzhe 081609. The row spacing for mechanized sugarcane furrowing was 1.4 m, the furrow depth was 45 cm, the seeding rate was 11,000 buds / mu, and the planting depth was 10 cm. The fertilizer selected was 30 kg / mu of sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer mixed with pesticide and 120 kg / mu of granular bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer. Then, the same polyethylene weed control film as the shaded side was used for full coverage. At the connection surface of the mechanized farming operation, the planting was also carried out in strips along the direction of the mechanized farming road.

[0038] The sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is a fertilizer made by mixing sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with pesticides. Its nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio is 17:7:9, with an effective nutrient content of 33% and an organic matter content (on a dry basis) ≥15%. The pesticide is granular thiamethoxam or thiamethoxam, with a total effective ingredient content of 0.2%. The pesticide should be applied according to the instructions. The raw materials for the sugarcane granular bio-organic fertilizer mainly come from by-products such as filter mud, bagasse, and chimney ash from sugar mills. Its effective components are: organic matter ≥45%, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients ≥5%, moisture ≤13%, pH 5.5 ≤ 8.5, and effective viable bacteria count ≥200 million / gram.

[0039] (4) In March-April 2022, after the sugarcane was planted in a spiral pattern, alfalfa was planted on the slope next to the sugarcane planting belt to provide green manure for the spiral slopes of the mountain or to be harvested as livestock feed after maturity, while also preventing the growth of weeds on the spiral slopes.

[0040] (5) In June 2022, during the tillering stage of sugarcane on the sunny side of the mountain, the film was removed, fertilizer was applied, and soil was mounded up. The film was removed manually and fertilizer was applied manually. The amount of fertilizer applied was 70 kg / mu. After applying fertilizer, the soil was mounded up 10 cm by machine in time.

[0041] (6) In September 2022, drones were used to spray the spiral sugarcane planting belt in the mountains to strengthen the prevention and control of fall armyworm and stem borer.

[0042] Throughout the entire planting and production process, a small-scale three-ditch sugarcane planter is primarily used for integrated ditching, sowing, and fertilization. The planter employs a row-sowing method, traversing the planting strip to complete ditching, fertilization, sowing, and soil covering in a single operation, resulting in high efficiency. No additional personnel are required besides the operator of the planter. Materials used in planting, such as seeds, fertilizers, and mulch, are transported using small to medium-sized transport vehicles along designated farm roads. During sugarcane harvesting, a combine harvester is used. The harvester travels along the farm roads to the sugarcane planting strip and harvests along the row-sowing route. The harvested sugarcane is then transported away by vehicles. The three-ditch sugarcane planter utilizes the adjustable automatic sugarcane planting, fertilizing, and soil covering integrated machine disclosed in Chinese Patent ZL 202210385681.2. The harvester is a Zoomlion AC60A (4GQW-1) sugarcane harvester, capable of completing sugarcane harvesting, cutting, defoliation, and transportation in a single operation.

[0043] Compare with Example 1

[0044] 1. Experimental Methods

[0045] According to the spiral slope reduction planting method for mountain sugarcane provided in Example 1, after the mountain spiral slope reduction transformation in step (1) of Example 1, the planting is carried out in accordance with the unified conventional planting technology for mountain sugarcane, that is, the sugarcane areas on the shady and sunny sides of the transformed mountain are planted in a unified mechanized conventional manner: the variety is Yunzhe 081609, the sugarcane row spacing is 1.2 m, the furrow depth is 30 cm, the seeding amount is 13,000 buds / mu, and the planting depth is 10 cm; the fertilizer is sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and granular biological organic fertilizer, with the fertilizer application amount being 120 kg / mu and 200 kg / mu respectively, and the fertilizer application method is mechanized one-time fertilization, followed by full coverage with polyethylene weed film; the planting is carried out in strips along the direction of the mechanized road on the connecting surface of the mechanized operation, and then the steps (4) and (6) of Example 1 are implemented.

[0046] 2. Experimental Results

[0047] The experimental results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, compared with Example 1 and Control Example 1, when both the shady and sunny sides of the mountain sugarcane area were planted with Yunzhe 081609, the change in sugarcane planting method (the difference between the planting methods of Example 1 and Control Example 1 is: ① In Example 1, the shady and sunny sides were planted sequentially and different planting methods were used, while in Control Example 1, the shady and sunny sides were planted simultaneously and a uniform conventional planting method was used; ② In Example 1, the sunny sugarcane area was fertilized twice and the shady sugarcane area was fertilized once, while in Control Example 1, both the shady and sunny sides were fertilized once) had no significant effect on sugarcane yield and sucrose content. However, by changing the planting method, the amount of sugarcane seeded was reduced and the fertilizer utilization rate of sugarcane was improved. Compared with Control Example 1, the amount of sugarcane seeded in the shaded and sunny sugarcane areas of Example 1 was reduced by 0.3 and 0.2 thousand buds / mu, respectively; the amount of fertilizer applied to the shaded and sunny sugarcane areas using organic-inorganic compound fertilizer was reduced by 40 and 20 kg / mu, respectively; and the amount of granular bio-organic fertilizer applied to the shaded and sunny sugarcane areas was reduced by 40 and 80 kg / mu, respectively. Therefore, Example 1 can achieve a similar sugarcane yield and sugar content as Control Example 1 while reducing the input of sugarcane seedlings and fertilizers, realizing cost reduction and efficiency improvement in sugarcane production, and helping to increase farmers' net income from sugarcane planting.

[0048] Compare with Example 2

[0049] 1. Experimental Methods

[0050] Instead of spiraling downhill transformation of the mountain sugarcane area, the original mountainous terrain was used to dig trenches around the mountain using an excavator, and then sugarcane was planted manually using conventional methods. The technical requirements were that the variety of sugarcane, Yunzhe 081609, was selected for both the sunny and shady sides of the mountain. The row spacing of the sugarcane trenches was 1.2 m, the trench depth was 30 cm, the seeding amount was 12,000 buds / mu, and the planting depth was 10 cm. The fertilizer was selected as 120 kg / mu of sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and 200 kg / mu of granular bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, and then polyethylene weed film was used for full coverage. After that, alfalfa was planted in the mountainous areas with a slope greater than 25 degrees according to the method of step (4) in Example 1, and drone spraying was carried out in the sugarcane planting area according to the method of step (6) in Example 1.

[0051] 2. Experimental Results

[0052] The experimental results are shown in Table 1. As shown in Table 1, compared with Example 1 and Control Example 2, when both the shady and sunny sides of the sugarcane fields in the mountainous area used Yunzhe 081609, the spiral slope modification of the sugarcane fields and changes in sugarcane planting methods significantly affected sugarcane yield and sugar content. Compared with Control Example 2, the shady and sunny sugarcane fields in Example 1 increased yield by 1.39 and 1.51 t / mu, respectively, and increased sugar content by 0.87 and 0.30 percentage points, respectively. The spiral slope modification of the sugarcane fields reduced the slope and improved the production environment, which is conducive to mechanized production, improves production efficiency, and promotes the development of mechanized sugarcane technology in mountainous areas. The change in planting methods reduced the amount of sugarcane seed and improved fertilizer utilization, with the same principle as Control Example 1. Therefore, Example 1 achieved a synergistic increase in sugarcane yield and sugar content in mountainous areas through spiral slope modification of the sugarcane fields and changes in sugarcane planting methods, realizing increased production and income for farmers and reduced fertilizer use with increased efficiency.

[0053] Table 1. Effects of different planting methods on sugarcane yield and sugar content in the shady and sunny sugarcane areas of high-altitude mountains in Sipaishan Township.

[0054]

[0055] In Table 1, different lowercase letters in the same column indicate that there are significant differences between different planting methods at the 5% level.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] This invention provides a method for spiral-shaped slope-gradient planting of sugarcane in mountainous areas, specifically including the following steps:

[0058] (1) From June to October 2023, a mountain spiral slope sugarcane area was constructed in the sugarcane area at an altitude of 500-600 meters in Mengding Town, Gengma Dai and Wa Autonomous County, Lincang City, Yunnan Province: Based on the topography of the mountain, 260 mu of mountain sugarcane area that was not suitable for mechanized planting was planned and transformed. The original mountain was transformed into a mountain sugarcane planting belt with a ground width of more than 3 m and a slope of less than 10 degrees, which is suitable for mechanized operation. The mountain areas with a slope greater than 25 degrees were not planned and transformed, and the original topography was retained. For mountain sugarcane planting belts with a spiral slope transformation length of more than 100 m, a connecting surface for mechanized farming operations should be built at both ends or in the middle of the transformed spiral slope mountain sugarcane planting belt to facilitate small-scale mechanized operations. At the same time, a mechanized farming road or a connecting surface suitable for mechanized farming operations should be planned from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain to facilitate mechanized operations and the transportation of materials and sugarcane. The width of the mechanized farming road should be 3 m.

[0059] (2) In November 2023, sugarcane was planted in a spiral mechanized manner in the transformed shady sugarcane area of ​​the mountain. The variety selected was the high-yield, high-sugar, early-maturing virus-free healthy seedling Yuetang 93-159. The row spacing of sugarcane was 1.05 m, the ditch depth was 35 cm, the seeding amount was 8,000 buds / mu, and the planting depth was 8 cm. The fertilizer selected was 80 kg / mu of sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and 200 kg / mu of granular bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer. The base fertilizer was applied once, and then the whole biodegradable mulch film was fully covered. The strip planting was carried out along the direction of the mechanized farming road on the connecting surface of the mechanized farming operation.

[0060] (3) In December 2023, sugarcane spiral mechanized planting was carried out in the transformed sunny sugarcane area of ​​the mountain. The variety selected was Yunzhe 081609, which is high-yield, high-sugar and early-maturing. The row spacing of sugarcane mechanized furrowing was 1.3 m, the furrowing depth was 50 cm, the seeding amount was 12,000 buds / mu, and the planting depth was 12 cm. The fertilizer selected was 30 kg / mu of sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and 120 kg / mu of granular bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer. Then, polyethylene weed film was used for full coverage. The strip planting was carried out along the direction of the mechanized farming road on the connecting surface of the mechanized farming operation.

[0061] (4) In January 2024, after the sugarcane was planted in a spiral pattern, vetiver grass was selected to be planted on the slope to prevent sugarcane borers, reduce the amount of pesticides used, and at the same time prevent the growth of weeds on the spiral slope.

[0062] (5) In April 2024, during the tillering stage of sugarcane on the sunny side of the mountain, the film was removed, fertilizer was applied, and soil was mounded up. The film was removed manually and fertilizer was applied manually. The amount of fertilizer applied was 70 kg / mu. After applying fertilizer, the soil was mounded up 10 cm by machine in time.

[0063] (6) In September 2024, drones were used to spray the spiral sugarcane fields in the mountains to strengthen the control of fall armyworm and stem borer.

[0064] Compare with Example 3

[0065] 1. Experimental Methods

[0066] Following the spiral slope reduction method for planting sugarcane in mountainous areas provided in Example 1, after implementing the spiral slope reduction transformation in step (1) of Example 1, the sugarcane variety in the shady side of the sugarcane area in step (2) of Example 1 is replaced with Yunzhe 05-51 for spiral mechanized planting of sugarcane. Other technical measures are the same. Then, the planting and production are carried out according to the methods of steps (3) to (6) of Example 1.

[0067] 2. Experimental Results

[0068] The experimental results are shown in Table 2. As can be seen from Table 2, comparing Example 2 and Control Example 3, when the sugarcane planting methods were kept consistent in the sunny side of the mountain sugarcane area, there were no significant differences in sugarcane yield and sucrose content. However, when the virus-free healthy seedling Yue Tang 93-159 was replaced with Yun Zhe 05-51 in the shady side of the mountain sugarcane area, both sugarcane yield and sucrose content were significantly affected. Compared with Control Example 3, the sugarcane yield in the shady side of Example 2 increased by 0.87 t / mu, and the sucrose content increased by 0.65 percentage points. The change in variety in the shady side of the sugarcane area led to a decrease in sugarcane yield and sucrose content, mainly because Yue Tang 93-159 is more shade-tolerant and has stronger adaptability to low altitudes. Therefore, selecting suitable varieties and supporting planting methods in the shady side of mountain sugarcane areas is beneficial to the formation of sugarcane yield and sucrose content, and is an important technical means to achieve high yield and high sugar content in sugarcane.

[0069] Compare with Example 4

[0070] 1. Experimental Methods

[0071] Following the spiral slope-down planting method for sugarcane in mountainous areas provided in Example 1, after implementing the methods in steps (1) and (2) of Example 1, the variety in the sunny sugarcane area in step (3) is replaced with virus-free healthy seedling Yue Tang 93-159 for spiral mechanized sugarcane planting. Other technical measures remain unchanged. Then, the method is implemented according to steps (4) to (6) of Example 1.

[0072] 2. Experimental Results

[0073] The experimental results are shown in Table 2. Table 2 shows that, comparing Example 2 and Control Example 4, when the sugarcane planting methods in the shady side of the mountain sugarcane area remained consistent, there were no significant differences in sugarcane yield and sucrose content. However, when the sugarcane variety Yunzhe 081609 in the sunny side of the mountain sugarcane area was replaced with the virus-free healthy seedling Yuetang 93-159, both sugarcane yield and sucrose content were significantly affected. Compared with Control Example 4, the sugarcane yield in the sunny side of Example 2 increased by 1.71 t / mu, and the sucrose content increased by 0.97 percentage points. The change in variety in the sunny side of the sugarcane area led to a decrease in sugarcane yield and sucrose content, mainly because Yunzhe 081609 grew better and had stronger photosynthesis than Yuetang 93-159. Therefore, selecting suitable varieties and supporting planting methods in the sunny side of mountain sugarcane areas is beneficial to the formation of sugarcane yield and sucrose content, and is an important technical means to achieve high yield and high sugar content in sugarcane.

[0074] Table 2. Effects of different planting methods on sugarcane yield and sugar content in the shady and sunny sugarcane areas of low-altitude mountainous regions in Mengding Town.

[0075]

[0076] In Table 2, different lowercase letters in the same column indicate that there are significant differences between different planting methods at the 5% level.

[0077] As can be seen from the above examples and comparative examples, spiral slope reduction transformation of mountain sugarcane areas, combined with suitable varieties and suitable spiral mechanized planting methods, are important technical means to obtain high yields and high sugar content in sugarcane.

[0078] As can be seen from the examples and comparative examples, compared with the traditional sugarcane planting and production methods in mountainous areas (Comparative Example 2), the present invention can increase the yield per mu (unit of land area) and sugar content of newly planted sugarcane. In the modified spiral slope sugarcane area, the yield of sugarcane on the shaded and sunny sides increased by 1.39 and 1.51 t / mu, respectively, and the sugar content of sugarcane on the shaded and sunny sides increased by more than 0.87 and 0.30 percentage points (absolute values, the same below), respectively. Based on the current sugarcane raw material purchase price of 470 yuan / mu in Yunnan and the sugarcane harvesting fee of 150 yuan, sugarcane farmers can increase their net planting income by more than 444.80 yuan / mu. At the same time, the increase in sugar content can promote the increase of sugarcane yield, which is beneficial for sugar companies to increase sugar production, thereby increasing the income of sugarcane growers and the sugar production of sugar companies.

[0079] This invention adapts to local conditions by implementing sugarcane planting on both the shady and sunny sides of mountainous areas, employing different planting methods to save on the amount of sugarcane seedlings planted. Compared to Control Example 1, the method of this invention can save 0.3 and 0.2 million seedlings per mu on the shady and sunny sides of sugarcane areas, respectively (Example 1). Simultaneously, this invention comprehensively utilizes organic fertilizer produced by sugar mills and green manure from slopes to improve the fertility of the transformed sugarcane fields, enhance soil fertility, promote the recycling of waste from sugar mills, and reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer used. The amount of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer mixed with pesticides is reduced by 40 and 20 kg / mu on the shady and sunny sides of sugarcane areas, respectively, while the amount of granular bio-organic fertilizer is reduced by 40 and 80 kg / mu on the shady and sunny sides of sugarcane areas, respectively (Control Example 1). Compared to the unmodified shady and sunny sugarcane growing areas (Comparative Example 2) with fertilizer partial productivity of 99.19 kg / kg and 120.56 kg / kg respectively, the present invention (Example 1) can effectively reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer used in sugarcane, increasing the fertilizer partial productivity of shady and sunny sugarcane growing areas by 84.24 kg / kg and 71.49 kg / kg respectively, achieving the goal of reducing chemical fertilizer use and increasing efficiency. The raw materials of the granular bio-organic fertilizer applied in this invention mainly come from by-products such as filter mud, bagasse, and chimney ash from sugar production enterprises, promoting the extension of the industrial chain, realizing the transformation of waste into treasure and green transformation, which is both ecological and environmentally friendly, and also facilitates mechanized fertilization. In addition, planting green manure or vetiver grass on the slopes of mountain sugarcane growing areas can, to a certain extent, reduce soil erosion and the amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides used in sugarcane.

[0080] This invention changes the traditional mountain planting model by combining the transformation of mountain sugarcane areas with changes in sugarcane agronomic techniques. It realizes full mechanization of sugarcane production, changes the mountain sugarcane planting environment, reduces labor in sugarcane production, and achieves large-scale, intensive, mechanized, standardized, and simplified sugarcane production. It can significantly improve the economic, social, and ecological benefits of the sugarcane planting industry.

[0081] The above embodiments are merely typical embodiments of the present invention and are not exhaustive of the scope of protection of the present invention. For example, based on the methods disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical applications, or improvements to the technology in the market of the embodiments, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for spiral-shaped slope-gradient planting of sugarcane in mountainous areas, characterized in that, The method is as follows: (1) Construction of spiral slope sugarcane planting area: Based on the topography of the mountain, the mountain is not suitable for mechanized planting. For the mountain with a slope of less than 25 degrees, the original mountain is transformed from the top of the mountain to the foot of the mountain into a spiral slope shape with a width of more than 3 meters. The slope of the spiral slope is less than 10 degrees, forming a spiral slope sugarcane planting belt suitable for small and medium-sized mechanized operations. For the mountain with a slope greater than 25 degrees, the original topography is retained. For the discontinuous sugarcane planting belt with a length of more than 100 m after the spiral slope transformation, a mechanized operation connection surface connecting the upper and lower planting belts is built at both ends or in the middle of the two adjacent planting belts for small machinery to pass through. (2) Spiral mechanized planting: On the modified spiral-sloping sugarcane planting belt, small and medium-sized sugarcane planting machines are used to carry out spiral mechanized strip planting of sugarcane. The sugarcane is planted spirally around the mountain. Different cultivation methods are adopted in the sunny and shady areas of the mountain for spiral mechanized planting of sugarcane. At the connection surface of the mechanized farming operation, the sugarcane is planted in strips along the direction of the mechanized farming road. The sugarcane varieties planted are selected to be nutritious, have strong ratooning ability, and strong resistance. Sugarcane varieties with the same maturity period are selected in the same mountain sugarcane area. Different sugarcane varieties are selected in different altitude areas of the mountain. (3) Planting sugarcane on mountain slopes: After the sugarcane is planted, select dwarf green manure plants or vetiver grass suitable for local planting and plant them on the slopes next to the sugarcane planting belt at the appropriate time to continuously improve soil fertility, prevent sugarcane borers, and prevent weed growth. In step (2), sugarcane varieties with the same maturity period are selected in the same mountain sugarcane area. The specific selection method is as follows: when planting sugarcane, 1-2 sugarcane varieties are arranged. In the sunny sugarcane area, suitable sugarcane varieties are selected according to different altitudes. In the shady sugarcane area, shade-tolerant varieties such as Yunzhe 081609 and virus-free healthy seedling Yuetang 93-159 are selected according to different altitudes. Step (2) For mechanized spiral sowing of sugarcane in mountainous areas, first plant the shady sugarcane areas, then plant the sunny sugarcane areas. In the shady areas of the mountains, mechanized planting is carried out with a row spacing of 1.05-1.25 m, a furrow depth of 30-40 cm, a seeding rate of 0.8-1.0 million buds / mu, and a planting depth of 5-10 cm. In the sunny areas of the mountains, mechanized planting is carried out with a row spacing of 1.25-1.45 m, a furrow depth of 40-50 cm, a seeding rate of 1.0-1.3 million buds / mu, and a planting depth of 8-12 cm. Mechanized fertilization is used. When planting in the shady sugarcane areas, apply 80-100 kg / mu of sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and 160-200 kg / mu of granular bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer in one application. When planting in the sunny sugarcane areas, apply 30-36 kg / mu of sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer. Apply 120-160 kg / mu of granular bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, then cover with full film. During the sugarcane tillering stage, remove the film for topdressing and hilling. Use sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer mixed with pesticide for topdressing, with a topdressing amount of 70-84 kg / mu and a hilling thickness of 10-15 cm.

2. The method for spiral-shaped slope-gradient planting of sugarcane in mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the connecting surface for mechanized farming operations described in step (1) is 3-4 m.

3. The method for spiral-slope planting of sugarcane in mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sugarcane varieties with high nutritional efficiency, strong perennial ability, and strong stress resistance mentioned in step (2) are one or two of the following: Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-51, Yunzhe 05-49, Yunzhe 141313, Yunzhe 1696, Guiliu 05-136, virus-free healthy seedling Yuetang 93-159, and Xintaitang No.

1.

4. The method for spiral slope-gradient planting of sugarcane in mountainous areas according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step (2), different sugarcane varieties are selected in different mountainous areas at different altitudes. In sugarcane areas with an altitude of 1600-2000 meters, Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-51, and Xintai Sugar No. 1 are selected; in sugarcane areas with an altitude of 1200-1600 meters, Yunzhe 05-51 and Yunzhe 141313 are selected; in sugarcane areas with an altitude of 800-1200 meters, Yunzhe 141313, Yunzhe 1696, Guiliu 05-136, and virus-free healthy seedling Yuetang 93-159 are selected; in sugarcane areas below an altitude of 800 meters, Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-49, Guiliu 05-136, and virus-free healthy seedling Yuetang 93-159 are selected.

5. The method for spiral slope-gradient planting of sugarcane in mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The same mountain sugarcane area refers to an area with an actual area of ​​more than 200 mu (approximately 33 acres) of sugarcane planted in a spiral-shaped manner after the sugarcane garden was transformed.

6. The method for spiral-slope planting of sugarcane in mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the dwarf green manure plants planted on the slope are one or more of the following: white clover, alfalfa, hairy-leaved / glossy vetch, pigweed, jackfruit, honesty, and sweet clover.

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