Gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid reactivity

Abstract

This invention provides a gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid reactivity, comprising an inner cylinder divided into an activation section and a reaction section. The activation section is connected to a solid particle feeding device, a reaction gas feeding device, and a high-temperature gas flow feeding device. The reaction section is connected to a product gas discharge device, a heating system, and a solid particle discharge device. Solid particles fed into the activation section are first activated by contact with the high-temperature gas flow supplied from the bottom, increasing their reactivity, and then react with the reaction gas. This gas-solid reactor can activate solid particles online, effectively improving the value of the final product and increasing reactor efficiency; it maximizes energy savings and effectively solves some problems encountered in practical gas-solid reactions; it achieves organized contact between solid particles and reaction gases, with controllable solid particle activity and consumption, reducing equipment maintenance requirements and overall processing costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid waste resource utilization technology, specifically to a gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid reactivity. Background Technology

[0002] Gas-solid reactions are a widely used type of reaction in practice, such as flue gas purification, reactions between catalysts and gases, gasification of solid powders, combustion reactions, and reforming reactions. Currently, reactors used for gas-solid reactions include fixed-bed, fluidized-bed, and moving-bed reactors. For solid particle combustion, the reactor's task is to ensure good gas-solid contact and complete reaction, without considering altering the properties of the solid particles. However, some gas-solid reactions produce combustible gases, such as reforming reactions involving volatiles and catalysts, and carbon powder gasification reactions. The calorific value and composition of the produced combustible gases are subject to requirements; the calorific value of the produced combustible gases must not be reduced. Furthermore, the reactor must be sealed to prevent leaks, otherwise, a fire could occur. Importantly, gas-solid reactors also need to maintain the reactivity of the solids; deactivated solid particles need to be replaced promptly.

[0003] Existing fixed-bed reactors are suitable for non-industrial gasification, combustion, and catalytic reactions, but they cannot guarantee the activity of solid catalysts, and replacement is particularly cumbersome. For example, in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, the fixed bed formed by the catalyst requires cooling and must be completely replaced after a certain period of use, as it cannot maintain catalyst activity. Fluidized beds, on the other hand, are suitable for gasification, combustion, and catalytic reactions, but suffer from severe wear and cannot maintain catalyst activity. Moving-bed reactors hold promise for maintaining catalytic activity during the reaction process, but traditional moving-bed reactors struggle to achieve organized direct gas-solid contact, and the activity and consumption of solid particles cannot be precisely controlled. Furthermore, existing fixed-bed reactors also suffer from complex heat exchanger heating and high equipment maintenance requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention was made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to provide a gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid reaction activity.

[0005] This invention provides a gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid-state reactivity, characterized by comprising: an inner cylinder of the reactor, horizontally divided into an activation section and a reaction section; a solid particle feeding device connected to the head end of the activation section for feeding solid particles used as reactants or catalysts; a reaction gas feeding device connected to the head or tail end of the activation section for feeding reaction gases; a high-temperature gas flow feeding device located at the bottom of the activation section for supplying high-temperature gas flow from the bottom to activate the solid particles in the activation section; and a product gas exiting device connected to the tail end of the reaction section for exiting... The reaction consists of a product gas resulting from the reaction of solid particles and reactant gases; a heating system located outside the reaction section to supply the required heat source to the reaction section and to heat and insulate the solid particles and reactant gases inside the reaction section from the outside; and a solid particle discharge device connected to the tail end of the reaction section to cool and discharge the reacted solid particles; wherein, the length of the activation section is L1, the length of the reaction section is L2, the length ratio of the activation section to the reaction section is L1 / L2 = 0.35-0.5, and the outer sides of the activation section and the outer sides of the reaction section are separated by a heat insulation layer made of heat insulation material.

[0006] The gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid reactivity provided by the present invention may also have the following features: the inner cylinder of the reactor is a rotary kiln, and the solid particles are driven forward by the rotation of the inner cylinder.

[0007] The gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid reactivity provided by the present invention may also have the following features: the reactor is provided with a solid particle pushing device, including a spiral blade disposed in the inner cylinder of the reactor and a motor for driving the spiral blade to rotate; wherein, the solid particles are propelled forward in the inner cylinder of the reactor by the solid particle pushing device.

[0008] The gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid reaction activity provided by the present invention may also have the following characteristics: the cylinder wall of the activation section is uniformly provided with pores, the size of which is 0.35-0.7 times the average size of the solid particles, and the porosity is 15%-25%.

[0009] The gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid reaction activity provided by the present invention may also have the following feature: the angle α between the solid particle surface in the activation section and the axis is ≥90°.

[0010] The gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid reaction activity provided by the present invention may also have the following features: the angle β between the high-temperature gas flow entering the arc surface and the axis in the activation section is 30 to 45°, and the pores on the circumferential part of the high-temperature gas flow entering the arc surface are covered by heat-insulating material.

[0011] The gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid reaction activity provided by the present invention may also have the following features: the solid particle feeding device is a screw feeder, a chute feeder, or a star feeder equipped with a hopper.

[0012] The gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid reaction activity provided by the present invention may also have the following features: the heating system is a heating jacket, which has a heating gas inlet and a heating gas outlet and internal heating gas flow.

[0013] The gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid reaction activity provided by the present invention may also have the following features: a product gas outlet connected to a product gas discharge device is provided at the top of the tail end of the reaction section, and a particle blocking device is provided at the product gas outlet to prevent solid particles from being carried into the product gas flow.

[0014] The gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid reaction activity provided by the present invention may also have the following features: the solid particle discharge device is a screw conveyor with a water-cooled jacket, or a rotary cooling cylinder with a water-cooled or air-cooled jacket.

[0015] The role and effect of invention

[0016] The gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid reactivity according to the present invention includes an inner cylinder, which is horizontally divided into an activation section and a reaction section. The activation section is connected to a solid particle feeding device, a reaction gas feeding device, and a high-temperature gas flow feeding device. The reaction section is connected to a product gas discharge device, a heating system, and a solid particle discharge device. The solid particles fed into the activation section are first activated by contact with the high-temperature gas flow supplied from the bottom, thus increasing their reactivity, and then react with the reaction gas. This gas-solid reactor can activate solid particles online, leveraging their role to promote the chemical reaction between gas and solid, resulting in high-quality product gas, effectively increasing the value of the final product, and improving reactor efficiency. It maximizes energy savings and effectively solves some problems encountered in practical gas-solid reactions. It achieves organized contact between solid particles and reaction gases, with controllable activity and consumption of solid particles, reducing equipment maintenance requirements and further lowering overall processing costs. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid reaction activity in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of the activation section of the reactor inner cylinder;

[0019] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the pores, distribution of internal solid particles, and entry angle of the high-temperature airflow in the activation section of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid reaction activity in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0021] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0022] 1 Solid particles; 2 Conveyor belt; 3 Hopper; 10 Reactor inner cylinder; 11 Activation section; 111 Pores; 12 Reaction section; 20 Solid particle feeding device; 30 Reaction gas feeding device; 40 High-temperature gas flow feeding device; 50 Product gas discharge device; 60 Heating system; 61 Heating gas flow inlet; 62 Heating gas flow outlet; 70 Solid particle discharge device; 80 Insulation layer; 90 Solid particle pushing device; 91 Spiral blade; 92 Motor. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the following embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a gas-solid reactor that enhances the reactivity of solids online.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid reactivity, including a reactor inner cylinder 10, a solid particle feeding device 20, a reaction gas feeding device 30, a high-temperature gas flow feeding device 40, a product gas discharge device 50, a heating system 60, and a solid particle discharge device 70.

[0027] The reactor inner cylinder 10 is horizontally positioned and divided into an activation section 11 and a reaction section 12 from the head to the tail. The length of the activation section 11 is L1, and the length of the reaction section 12 is L2, with a length ratio of L1 / L2 = 0.35-0.5. A solid particle feeding device 20, a reaction gas feeding device 30, and a high-temperature gas flow feeding device 40 are connected to the activation section 11. A product gas discharge device 50, a heating system 60, and a solid particle discharge device 70 are connected to the reaction section 12. The outer sides of the activation section 11 and the reaction section 12 are separated by a heat insulation layer 80 made of thermal insulation material. The pores on the circumferential portion of the high-temperature gas flow entering the activation section 11 outside the arc surface are covered by the heat insulation layer 80.

[0028] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of the activation section 11 of the inner cylinder 10 of the reactor.

[0029] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the solid particle feeding device 20 is connected to the solid particle inlet at the head end of the activation section 11 and is used to feed solid particles 1, which are used as reaction raw materials or catalysts. The solid particle feeding device 20 can be a screw feeder or a chute feeder.

[0030] The reaction gas supply device 30 is connected to the reaction gas inlet at the beginning or end of the activation section 11 to supply reaction gas. The gas is a physical state and can be a mixture of permanent gases and condensable substances.

[0031] A high-temperature gas flow supply device 40 is located at the bottom of the activation section 11, used to supply high-temperature gas flow from the bottom to activate the solid particles 1 within the activation section 11. Due to the presence of the heat insulation layer 80, the high-temperature gas flow supplied to the activation section 11 will not enter the outside of the reaction section 12. The cylinder wall of the activation section 11 is uniformly provided with pores 111 for the high-temperature gas to enter (see...). Figure 3 The size of the pores 111 is 0.35-0.7 times the average size of the solid particles 1, and the shape is designed to prevent the solid particles 1 from leaking out of the pores. The porosity (i.e., pore area / total area of ​​the activated section cylinder wall) is 15%-25%.

[0032] The product gas discharge device 50 is connected to the product gas outlet at the tail end of the reaction section 12 and is used to discharge the product gas after the reaction of solid particles 1 and the reaction gas. A particle blocking device may be provided at the product gas outlet to prevent solid particles 1 from being carried into the product gas flow. The product gas discharge device 50 can be an exhaust fan.

[0033] The heating system 60 is located outside the reaction section 12 and is used to supply the heat source required by the reaction section 12. The heat source heats and keeps the solid particles 1 and the reaction gas inside the reaction section 12 warm from the outside. The heating system 60 can be a heating jacket with a heating gas inlet 61 and a heating gas outlet 62, and the heating gas flows inside the heating jacket.

[0034] The solid particle discharge device 70 is connected to the solid particle discharge port at the tail end of the reaction section 12 and is used to cool and discharge the reacted solid particles 1. The solid particle discharge device 70 can be a screw conveyor with a water-cooled jacket, or a rotary cooling cylinder with a water-cooled or air-cooled jacket. By adjusting the discharge position of the solid particle discharge device 70, the thickness of the solid particle layer 1 in the reaction section 12 can be adjusted to make the gas-solid contact in the reaction section 12 more complete and the reaction more thorough.

[0035] For the inner cylinder 10 of the reactor, the diameter of the activation section 11 can be equal to or larger than the diameter of the reaction section 12. The diameter of the reaction section 12 can decrease from the head to the tail end, allowing for a greater accumulation of solid particles 1 in this section, thereby enhancing the contact between the solid particles 1 and the reactant gas. Lifting plates can also be installed inside the reaction section 12, which can make the solid particles 1 and the reactant gas mix more evenly and achieve more thorough contact.

[0036] In this embodiment, the solid particles 1 are propelled forward by the rotation of the inner cylinder 10 within the reactor. The movement speed of the solid particles 1 in the activation section 11 and the reaction section 12 may or may not be the same.

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the pores 111 of the activated section 11, the distribution of the internal solid particles 1, and the angle at which the high-temperature airflow enters.

[0038] like Figure 3 As shown, within the activation section 11, the angle α between the surface of solid particles 1 and the axis is ≥90°. This angle is adjusted by the relative flow velocity of solid particles 1 in the activation section 11 and the reaction section 12, as well as the diameter ratio of the activation section 11 and the reaction section 12. If the activation time of solid particles 1 is long, the diameter ratio of the activation section 11 to the reaction section 12 is set to be greater than 1, and the flow velocity of solid particles 1 in the activation section 11 is slow. If the flow rate of the product gas is greater than 150% of the flow rate of the reaction gas, the diameters of the activation section 11 and the reaction section 12 are set to be the same. The angle β between the high-temperature gas flow entering the arc surface and the axis is 30–45°.

[0039] The working principle of this gas-solid reactor is as follows: Solid particles 1 supplied by the solid particle feeding device 20 enter the activation section 11 of the reactor inner cylinder 10 and are activated by contact with the high-temperature gas flow from the high-temperature gas flow feeding device 40, thus increasing their reactivity. They then come into contact with the reaction gas from the reaction gas feeding device 30 to begin the reaction. Because the high-temperature gas flow supplied by the high-temperature gas flow feeding device 40 only enters the activation section 11 from the bottom, the high-temperature gas flow does not directly contact the reaction gas, but passes through the solid particles 1 before contacting the reaction gas. Therefore, the solid particles 1 in contact with the reaction gas are particles activated by the high-temperature gas flow. Although pores 111 are uniformly distributed on the cylinder wall of the activation section 11, if... Figure 2As shown, the activation section 11, except for the bottom, is equipped with a heat insulation layer 80 on its outer side, so the high-temperature gas flow will not enter the activation section 11 from any other position besides the bottom. Next, the reactant gas and solid particles 1 enter the reaction section 12 of the reactor inner cylinder 10. The heating system 60 heats and keeps the reaction section 12 warm, allowing the reactant gas and solid particles 1 to fully contact and react in the reaction section 12. Finally, the product gas after the reaction is discharged through the product gas discharge device 50, and the solid particles 1 after the reaction are discharged through the solid particle discharge device 70 and transported to the silo 3 via the conveyor belt 2.

[0040] More specifically, in this embodiment, the reactor inner cylinder 10 is a rotary kiln, the length ratio of the activation section 11 to the reaction section 12 is L1 / L2 = 0.35, and the diameter ratio of the activation section 11 to the reaction section 12 is 1.2; the solid particle feeding device 20 adopts a screw feeder, the solid particles 1 are pyrolytic carbon at 600℃, the reaction gas feeding device 30 feeds volatiles at 600℃, and the mass ratio of solid particles 1 to reaction gas is 0.8; the high-temperature gas flow feeding device 40 feeds... High-temperature flue gas at 1200℃ is supplied at a rate of 1 / 6 of the volatile volume. The heating system 60 uses a heating jacket, and the solid particle discharge device 70 uses a screw conveyor with a water-cooled jacket. During startup, the rotation speed of the reactor inner cylinder 10 is adjusted so that the angle α between the solid particle 1 layer in the activation section 11 and the axis is 120°. The angle β between the high-temperature gas flow entering the arc surface and the axis is 42°, and the pores on the circumferential part of the high-temperature gas flow entering the arc surface are covered by the heat insulation layer 80. During the reaction in the reaction section 12, the thickness of the solid particle 1 layer in the reaction section 12 is adjusted by adjusting the discharge position of the solid particle discharge device 70 so that the angle α between the solid particle 1 layer in the reaction section 12 and the axis is 220°.

[0041] After the pyrolytic char enters the activation section 11, its temperature is raised to 730°C upon contact with the 1200°C high-temperature flue gas from the high-temperature gas flow feed device 40, increasing its reactivity. Simultaneously, a portion of the char is vaporized by the high-temperature flue gas, reducing its specific surface area from the original 21.39 m². 2 / g increased to 34m 2 / g, then comes into contact with volatiles at 600℃ from the reaction gas supply device 30 and begins to react. Next, driven by the rotation of the inner cylinder 10 of the reactor, it enters the reaction section 12, where it further contacts and reacts fully under the heating and insulation effect of flue gas at 750-800℃ from the external heating system 60. After the reaction is complete, the tar in the volatiles is converted into combustible gas, with a gas yield of 200% of the original volatiles flow rate, which is discharged through the product gas discharge device 50. The tar content in this product gas is very low; after testing and analysis, the main components are CO, CH4, H2, CO2, and N2, with a calorific value of 10.5 MJ / Nm³. 3 After simple purification, it can meet the requirements for subsequent use.

[0042] Compared with traditional fixed beds, this gas-solid reactor enables online activation of solid particles 1. Compared with fluidized beds, this gas-solid reactor avoids the high pressure of high-temperature gas flow and high pressure of reaction gas.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a gas-solid reactor that enhances the reactivity of solids online.

[0045] like Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment provides a gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid reactivity. The difference from Embodiment 1 is that the solid particles 1 are propelled forward in the reactor inner cylinder 10 by a solid particle pushing device 90.

[0046] The solid particle pushing device 90 includes a helical blade 91 and a motor 92 that drives the helical blade 91 to rotate. The helical blade 91 can be a shafted helical blade or a shaftless irregularly shaped helical blade. The shape and density of the helical blade 91 in the activation section 11 and the reaction section 12 can be the same or different. Correspondingly, the movement speed of the solid particles 1 in the activation section 11 and the reaction section 12 can be the same or different.

[0047] In this embodiment, the length ratio L1 / L2 of the activation section 11 and the reaction section 12 of the reactor inner cylinder 10 is 0.5, and the diameter ratio of the activation section 11 and the reaction section 12 is 1. The reactor inner cylinder 10 has a spiral blade 91 inside, which is driven by a motor 92 to rotate within the reactor inner cylinder 10. The solid particle feeding device 20 uses a star-shaped feeder with a hopper. The solid particles 1 are Ni-based catalysts supported on pyrolytic carbon. The reaction gas feeding device 30 supplies syngas (3H2+CO+CO2), and the mass ratio of solid particles 1 to reaction gas is... 0.8; The high-temperature gas supply device 40 supplies syngas (2H2+CO) at 680℃, with the supply amount being 1 / 3 of the gas flow rate supplied by the reaction gas supply device 30; the heating system 60 uses a heating jacket, and the solid particle discharge device 70 uses a rotary cooling cylinder with a water-cooled jacket; during startup, the rotation speed of the solid particle pushing device 90 is adjusted so that the angle α between the solid particle 1 layer in the activation section 11 and the axis is 128°; the angle β between the high-temperature gas flow entering the arc surface and the axis is 40°, and the pores on the circumferential part of the high-temperature gas flow entering the arc surface are covered by the heat insulation layer 80. During the reaction in the reaction section 12, the thickness of the solid particle 1 layer in the reaction section 12 is adjusted by adjusting the discharge position of the solid particle discharge device 70 so that the angle α between the solid particle 1 layer in the reaction section 12 and the axis is 240°.

[0048] After the Ni-based catalyst enters the activation section 11, it comes into contact with syngas (2H2+CO) at 680°C from the high-temperature gas flow feeder 40, raising its temperature to 300-350°C. The catalyst is reduced by the high-temperature syngas, increasing its reactivity. It then comes into contact with syngas (3H2+CO+CO2) from the reaction gas feeder 30 and begins to react. Next, propelled by the solid particle pusher 90, it enters the reaction section 12, where it is further heated and reacted under the heating and insulation effect of flue gas at 380-400°C from the external heating system 60. After the reaction is complete, the main component of the syngas is converted into methane (CH4) gas, which is discharged through the product gas discharge device 50. Analysis of this product gas shows that its main components are CH4 (55%), H2 (15%), and CO2+CO (30%), with a calorific value of 22.1 MJ / Nm³. 3 After subsequent dust removal and purification, it can meet the requirements for power generation, replacing natural gas as industrial gas, and serving as a clean fuel for boilers.

[0049] In this embodiment, the spiral blades 91 in the activation section 11 have a large spacing, which allows the Ni-based catalyst to stay in the activation section 11 for a longer time and be more fully reduced by the syngas at 680°C; the spiral blades 91 in the reaction section 12 have a small spacing, which allows for more complete gas-solid contact and a more thorough reaction.

[0050] Compared to traditional fixed-bed reactors, this gas-solid reactor enables online activation of Ni-based catalyst particles; compared to fluidized-bed reactors, it avoids high-pressure reactant gases and the significant catalyst carryover and abrasion caused by the gas flow. A key advantage of this gas-solid reactor is the ease with which the gas composition can be adjusted at atmospheric pressure.

[0051] Example 3

[0052] This embodiment provides a gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid-state reactivity, with structural reference [reference needed]. Figure 2 As shown, the same method as in Example 2 is used, in which solid particles 1 are propelled forward within the reactor inner cylinder 10 by a solid particle pushing device 90.

[0053] In this embodiment, the length ratio L1 / L2 of the activation section 11 and the reaction section 12 of the reactor inner cylinder 10 is 0.45, and the diameter ratio of the activation section 11 and the reaction section 12 is 1.16. The reactor inner cylinder 10 has a spiral blade 91 inside, which is driven by a motor 92 to rotate inside the reactor inner cylinder 10. The solid particle feeding device 20 adopts a star feeder with a hopper. The solid particles 1 are Ni-Zn-based catalysts supported on pyrolytic carbon. The aforementioned diameter ratio of the activation section 11 and the reaction section 12 is set to ensure that the Ni-Zn-based catalysts supported on pyrolytic carbon have sufficient reduction and activation time in the activation section 11. The reaction gas feeding device 30 supplies volatiles (containing tar) and water vapor. The mixture of steam and water vapor is supplied from the outside to meet the gasification requirements of volatiles (containing tar). The mass ratio of solid particles 1 to reactant gas is 0.7. The high-temperature gas flow supply device 40 supplies product gas (H2) at 600°C, and the supply amount is 1 / 2 of the gas flow supplied by the reactant gas supply device 30. The heating system 60 adopts a heating jacket, and the solid particle discharge device 70 adopts a rotary cooling cylinder with a water-cooled jacket. During startup, the rotation speed of the solid particle pushing device 90 is adjusted so that the angle α between the solid particle 1 surface in the activation section 11 and the axis is 158°. The angle β between the high-temperature gas flow entering the arc surface and the axis is 41°. The pores on the circumferential part of the high-temperature gas flow entering the arc surface are covered by the heat insulation layer 80.

[0054] During the reaction in reaction section 12, the thickness of the solid particle 1 layer in reaction section 12 is adjusted by adjusting the discharge position of the solid particle discharge device 70, so that the angle α between the solid particle 1 layer in reaction section 12 and the axis is 240°.

[0055] After the Ni-Zn-based catalyst enters the activation section 11, its temperature is raised to approximately 380°C upon contact with the 600°C product gas (H2) from the high-temperature gas flow feeder 40. The product gas (H2) reduces the catalyst, increasing its reactivity. Subsequently, it contacts a mixture of volatiles (containing tar) and water vapor from the reaction gas feeder 30 and begins to react. Next, propelled by the solid particle pusher 90, it enters the reaction section 12, where it undergoes further contact and reaction under the heating and insulation effect of the 600°C flue gas from the external heating system 60. After the reaction is complete, the majority of the volatiles (containing tar) and water vapor mixture is converted into hydrogen (H2) gas, which is then discharged via the product gas discharge device 50. Analysis of this product gas shows that its main components are H2 (≥60%), H2O + CO2 + CO (30%), and its calorific value is 15.1 MJ / Nm³. 3 After subsequent dust removal and purification, it can meet the requirements for hydrogen production gas.

[0056] In this embodiment, the spacing between the helical blades in the activation section 11 is about twice that in the reaction section 12. This ensures that the Ni-Zn-based catalyst has a long residence time in the activation section 11, is fully reduced by the product gas (H2) at 600°C, and that there is sufficient gas-solid contact and thorough reaction in the reaction section 12.

[0057] Compared to traditional fixed-bed reactors, this gas-solid reactor enables online activation of Ni-Zn-based catalyst particles; compared to fluidized-bed reactors, it avoids high-pressure reactant gases and the significant catalyst carryover and abrasion caused by the gas flow. A key advantage of this reactor is the convenient preparation of volatiles into H2 at atmospheric pressure.

[0058] Example 4

[0059] This embodiment provides a gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid-state reactivity, with structural reference [reference needed]. Figure 1 As shown, the same method as in Example 1 is used, in which the solid particles 1 are propelled forward by the rotation of the inner cylinder 10 of the reactor.

[0060] In this embodiment, the reactor inner cylinder 10 is a rotary kiln, the length ratio L1 / L2 of the activation section 11 and the reaction section 12 is 0.35, and the diameter ratio of the activation section 11 and the reaction section 12 is 1.25; the solid particle feeding device 20 adopts a chute feeder, the solid particles 1 are CaCO3, and the reaction gas feeding device 30 supplies flue gas from a small waste incinerator, containing acidic gases such as HCl and SO2. This flue gas is supplied from the tail end of the activation section 11, and the mass ratio of solid particles 1 to reaction gas is 0. 2; The high-temperature gas supply device 40 supplies high-temperature flue gas at 1280°C, with the supply amount being 1 / 5 of the volatile volume; the heating system 60 adopts a heating jacket, and the solid particle discharge device 70 adopts a rotary cooling cylinder with a water-cooled jacket; during startup, the rotation speed of the inner cylinder 10 of the reactor is adjusted so that the angle α between the solid particle 1 layer in the activation section 11 and the axis is 180°; the angle β between the high-temperature gas flow entering the arc surface and the axis is 45°, and the pores on the circumferential part of the high-temperature gas flow entering the arc surface are covered by the heat insulation layer. During the reaction in the reaction section 12, the thickness of the solid particle 1 layer in the reaction section 12 is adjusted by adjusting the discharge position of the solid particle discharge device 70, so that the angle α between the solid particle 1 layer in the reaction section 12 and the axis is 310°.

[0061] After entering the activation section 11, CaCO3 comes into contact with the 1280°C high-temperature flue gas from the high-temperature gas flow inlet device 40, raising its temperature to approximately 850°C. It is reduced by the hot flue gas, increasing its reactivity. Then, it comes into contact with the flue gas from the reaction gas inlet device 30 and begins to react. Next, driven by the rotation of the reactor inner cylinder 10, it enters the reaction section 12, where it fully contacts and reacts under the heat preservation effect of the external heating system 60. After the reaction is complete, HCl and SO2 gases in the flue gas are absorbed and discharged through the product gas outlet device 50. Analysis of the product gas shows that the main pollutant component is SO2 (55 mg / Nm³). 3 ), HCl (10 mg / Nm 3 After subsequent dust removal and purification, it can meet the emission standards.

[0062] Compared with traditional fixed beds, this gas-solid reactor enables online activation of CaCO3 particles; compared with fluidized beds, this gas-solid reactor avoids the need for high-pressure blowers for the reaction gases and the large amount of CaCO3 carried away and worn away by the airflow.

[0063] Example 5

[0064] This embodiment provides a gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid-state reactivity, with structural reference [reference needed]. Figure 2 As shown, the same method as in Example 2 is used, in which solid particles 1 are propelled forward within the reactor inner cylinder 10 by a solid particle pushing device 90.

[0065] In this embodiment, the length ratio L1 / L2 of the activation section 11 and the reaction section 12 of the reactor inner cylinder 10 is 0.5, and the diameter ratio of the activation section 11 and the reaction section 12 is 1. The reactor inner cylinder 10 has a spiral blade 91 inside, which is driven by a motor 92 to rotate inside the reactor inner cylinder 10. The solid particle feeding device 20 adopts a star feeder with a hopper. The solid particles 1 are pyrolysis carbon at 560°C that has just been discharged from the pyrolysis furnace. The reaction gas feeding device 30 supplies pyrolysis gas containing tar and water vapor. This pyrolysis gas is supplied from the tail end of the activation section 11. The solid particles 1 and the reaction gas... The mass ratio of the body is 0.67; the high-temperature gas supply device 40 supplies flue gas (containing CO2 / H2O / O2) at 1280℃, and the supply amount is 1 / 9 of the gas flow rate supplied by the reaction gas supply device 30; the heating system 60 adopts a heating jacket, and the solid particle discharge device 70 adopts a screw conveyor with a water-cooled jacket; during startup, the rotation speed of the solid particle pushing device 90 is adjusted so that the angle α between the solid particle 1 surface in the activation section 11 and the axis is 148°; the angle β between the high-temperature gas flow entering the arc surface and the axis is 45°, and the pores on the circumferential part of the high-temperature gas flow entering the arc surface are covered by the heat insulation layer.

[0066] During the reaction in reaction section 12, the thickness of the solid particle 1 layer in reaction section 12 is adjusted by adjusting the discharge position of the solid particle discharge device 70, so that the angle α between the solid particle 1 layer in reaction section 12 and the axis is 270°.

[0067] After entering the activation section 11, the pyrolytic char at 560℃ comes into contact with flue gas at 1280℃ from the high-temperature gas flow feeder 40, raising its temperature to approximately 850℃. It is then vaporized by the hot flue gas, increasing its reactivity. Afterward, it comes into contact with the pyrolysis gas from the reaction gas feeder 30 and begins to react. Next, propelled by the solid particle pusher 90, it enters the reaction section 12, where it is further heated and reacted under the heating and insulation effect of the 380-400℃ flue gas from the external heating system 60. After the reaction is complete, the tar portion in the pyrolysis gas is converted into H2, CH4, and CO gases, which, along with the original gases, are discharged through the product gas discharge device 50. Analysis of the product gas shows that its main components are CH4 (8%), H2 (36%), CO (21%), C2H6 (1.4%), C2H4 (2.6%), CO2 (29%), and N2 (2%), with a tar content of less than 1 g / Nm³. 3 After subsequent dust removal and purification, it can meet the requirements for use as a syngas feedstock.

[0068] In this embodiment, the spacing between the spiral blades in the activation section 11 is 1.5 times that of the spacing between the spiral blades in the reaction section 12.

[0069] Compared to traditional fixed-bed reactors, this gas-solid reactor enables online activation of carbon particles; compared to fluidized-bed reactors, it avoids high pressure of reactant gases and carbon abrasion on the reactor. The advantage of this gas-solid reactor is that it facilitates the conversion of volatiles into syngas feedstock at atmospheric pressure.

[0070] The role and effect of the embodiments

[0071] As shown in Examples 1-5, when high-temperature flue gas is introduced into the activation section, and the amount and temperature of the high-temperature flue gas are controlled, the solid particles can be activated. Furthermore, the catalytic cracking of volatiles containing tar is achieved by heating the solid particles, effectively utilizing the reactivity of carbon. Both rotary kiln reactors and spiral tube reactors are applicable.

[0072] As can be seen from Examples 2 and 3, when solid particles are used as catalysts, this gas-solid reactor can be used to produce high-concentration methane gas or hydrogen gas, which can then be used as raw materials for supplying methane or hydrogen gas.

[0073] As can be seen from Example 4, when the solid particles are desulfurizing agents or deacidifying agents, this gas-solid reactor can achieve desulfurization and dechlorination using inexpensive limestone CaCO3, thus meeting the flue gas purification requirements of small incinerators.

[0074] As can be seen from Examples 1-5, this gas-solid reactor can produce high-quality fuel gas and effectively utilize low-cost slag (solid particles), thereby effectively reducing operating costs.

[0075] In summary, the gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid reaction activity involved in this invention divides the reactor inner cylinder into an activation section and a reaction section. The two sections are internally connected but externally separated by a heat insulation layer. The openings in the activation section allow high-temperature gas flow to contact with solid particles, enabling online activation of the solid particles. This maximizes the role of the solid particles, promotes the chemical reaction between gas and solid, results in high-quality product gas, effectively increases the value of the final product, and improves reactor efficiency. It also saves external energy to the greatest extent, avoids wastewater generation, and avoids problems such as coking and carbon buildup in traditional reactors. Furthermore, it achieves organized contact between solid particles and reactant gases, with controllable activity and consumption of solid particles, reducing equipment maintenance requirements and further lowering overall treatment costs.

[0076] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid-state reactivity, characterized in that, include: The reactor's inner cylinder is divided into an activation section and a reaction section along the horizontal direction; A solid particle feeding device is connected to the head end of the activation section and is used to feed solid particles that are used as reaction raw materials or catalysts. A reaction gas supply device is connected to the head or tail end of the activation section for supplying reaction gas. A high-temperature gas flow supply device is installed at the bottom of the activation section to supply high-temperature gas flow from the bottom to activate the solid particles in the activation section. The high-temperature gas flow does not directly contact the reactant gas, but passes through the solid particles before contacting the reactant gas. A product gas export device is connected to the tail end of the reaction section and is used to export the product gas after the reaction of the solid particles and the reaction gas. A heating system, located outside the reaction section, supplies the heat required by the reaction section and heats and maintains the temperature of the solid particles and reaction gases inside the reaction section from the outside; and A solid particle discharge device is connected to the tail end of the reaction section and is used to cool and discharge the solid particles after the reaction. Wherein, the length of the activation section is L1, the length of the reaction section is L2, and the length ratio of the activation section to the reaction section is L1 / L2 = 0.35-0.

5. The outer side of the activation section and the outer side of the reaction section are separated by a heat insulation layer made of thermal insulation material.

2. The gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid reaction activity according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The reactor inner cylinder is divided into an activation section and a reaction section in the horizontal direction. The supply amount of the high-temperature gas flow is less than the supply amount of the reaction gas, and the temperature of the high-temperature gas flow is higher than the temperature of the solid particles supplied by the solid particle feeding device.

3. The gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid reaction activity according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The inner cylinder of the reactor is a rotary kiln. The solid particles are propelled forward by the rotation of the reactor inner cylinder.

4. The gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid reaction activity according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The reactor is equipped with a solid particle pushing device, which includes a spiral blade disposed in the inner cylinder of the reactor and a motor that drives the spiral blade to rotate. The solid particles are propelled forward within the inner cylinder of the reactor by a solid particle propulsion device.

5. The gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid reaction activity according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The cylinder wall of the activation section is uniformly provided with pores. The size of the pores is 0.35-0.7 times the average size of the solid particles, and the porosity is 15%-25%.

6. The gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid reaction activity according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The angle α between the solid particle surface in the activated section and the axis is ≥90°.

7. The gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid reaction activity according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The angle β between the high-temperature airflow entering the arc surface and the axis in the activation section is 30~45°, and the pores on the circumferential part of the high-temperature airflow entering outside the arc surface are covered by the heat insulation layer.

8. The gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid reaction activity according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The solid particle feeding device is a screw feeder, a chute feeder, or a star feeder with a hopper.

9. The gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid reaction activity according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The heating system is a heating jacket. The heating jacket has a heating airflow inlet and a heating airflow outlet, and the heating airflow flows inside.

10. The gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid reaction activity according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The top of the tail end of the reaction section is equipped with a product gas outlet connected to a product gas discharge device. The product gas outlet is equipped with a particle blocking device to prevent solid particles from being carried into the product gas flow.

11. The gas-solid reactor for online enhancement of solid reaction activity according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The solid particle discharge device is a screw conveyor with a water-cooled jacket, or a rotary cooling cylinder with a water-cooled or air-cooled jacket.

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