Laser electrolysis synchronous composite processing device and method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a laser electrolysis synchronous composite processing device and method, comprising an electrolytic processing device and a laser processing device. The electrolytic processing device includes an electrolyte injection device, a cathode fixing plate, an anode fixing plate, a conductive sleeve, a sleeve positioning block, an anode workpiece positioning block, an anode clamping positioning block, an anode conductive plate, a sleeve conductive plate, and a tool cathode. The tool cathode is made of conductive glass. The conductive sleeve is used to be sleeved outside the anode workpiece. The anode workpiece and the tool cathode are arranged opposite each other with a processing gap defined therebetween. The electrolyte injection device is used to inject electrolyte into the processing gap from one end and discharge it from the other end. The conductive sleeve is fixedly mounted in the sleeve positioning block, and the anode workpiece is fixedly mounted in the anode workpiece positioning block. The laser processing device is used to emit a laser beam and focus it on the surface of the anode workpiece through the tool cathode. The present invention can avoid the occurrence of local protrusions in the middle of the processing process, which is conducive to obtaining a smoother processing surface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of laser electrolysis composite processing, and in particular to a laser electrolysis synchronous composite processing device and method. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of aerospace technology, new materials, processes, and technologies are being increasingly adopted. The design and manufacturing requirements for large, weakly rigid, thin-walled parts are becoming increasingly stringent. High-quality, high-precision workpieces free of burrs, recast layers, and heat-affected zones are the current research goals, but also present a significant challenge. Currently, few single machining processes can meet all these requirements. High-speed milling can efficiently and accurately produce the desired dimensions. However, when machining thin-walled parts, milling is prone to residual stresses and deformation due to factors such as clamping forces, cutting loads, and spindle vibration, compromising workpiece accuracy. Electrochemical machining can produce structures with high surface integrity, but its efficiency is relatively low. Therefore, to improve machining capabilities, hybrid machining processes have gained widespread attention, and the combination of multiple machining methods has become a hot research topic. Hybrid machining processes leverage the strengths of individual machining processes to achieve a superior combined effect. Laser-electrolysis hybrid machining (LEM) combines the irradiation effect of a laser beam with an electrochemical machining system. This process utilizes electrochemical machining to remove defects such as the recast layer and heat-affected zone (HAZ) produced by laser machining. Furthermore, the laser shock shatters the material's passivation film within the irradiated area, leading to electrochemical dissolution. This dissolution remains in non-irradiated areas, improving the localization of the electrochemical machining. LEM combines the advantages of laser machining, such as high processing efficiency and temperature rise, with the excellent surface integrity and lack of tool and electrode loss from electrochemical machining. This technology offers significant potential for high efficiency and surface quality.

[0003] At present, laser electrolysis synchronous composite processing often uses a tube electrode with a reflective layer coated inside. The laser reaches the workpiece surface after multiple total reflections from the inside of the tube electrode. There is no direct flushing of electrolyte at the focus of the laser spot, and the material removal efficiency here will be lower than other places, resulting in a raised structure in the middle of the processed surface. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a laser electrolysis synchronous composite processing device and method to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, which can avoid the middle local protrusions that appear during the processing and is conducive to obtaining a smoother processing surface.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a laser electrolysis synchronous composite processing device, comprising an electrolytic processing device and a laser processing device, wherein the electrolytic processing device comprises an electrolyte injection device, a cathode fixing plate, an anode fixing plate, a conductive sleeve, a sleeve positioning block, an anode workpiece positioning block, an anode clamping positioning block, an anode conductive plate, a sleeve conductive plate and a tool cathode, wherein the tool cathode is conductive glass, the tool cathode is installed in the cathode fixing plate, the conductive sleeve is used to be sleeved outside the anode workpiece and one end is installed in the anode fixing plate, the anode workpiece and the tool cathode are arranged opposite to each other, and the anode workpiece and the tool cathode are spaced apart. A machining gap is provided, and the electrolyte injection device is used to inject the electrolyte into the machining gap from one end and flow it out from the other end. The other end of the conductive sleeve is fixedly installed in the sleeve positioning block, and the end of the anode workpiece away from the anode fixing plate is fixedly installed in the anode workpiece positioning block. The anode clamping positioning block is connected to the anode workpiece positioning block and is used to be connected to the machine tool spindle, the sleeve conductive plate is connected to the conductive sleeve, and the anode conductive plate is connected to the anode workpiece positioning block; the laser processing device is used to emit a laser beam and focus it on the surface of the anode workpiece through the tool cathode.

[0007] Preferably, the laser processing device comprises a laser emitter, a beam expander and a shaper which are arranged in sequence, and the laser beam emitted by the laser emitter is focused on the surface of the anode workpiece through the beam expander, the shaper and the tool cathode.

[0008] Preferably, one end of the anode workpiece away from the anode fixing plate is threadedly connected to a fixing block, and the fixing block is interference-connected in the anode workpiece positioning block.

[0009] Preferably, the sleeve positioning block, the anode workpiece positioning block and the anode clamping positioning block are positioned and connected by insulating pins, and insulating gaskets are provided between the sleeve positioning block and the anode workpiece positioning block and between the anode workpiece positioning block and the anode clamping positioning block.

[0010] Preferably, the tool cathode is fixed in the cathode fixing plate by a cathode clamp, and the cathode clamp includes an upper cathode clamp and a lower cathode clamp for clamping and fixing the tool cathode, the upper cathode clamp and the lower cathode clamp are connected by bolts, and the lower cathode clamp is fixed to the cathode fixing plate by bolts.

[0011] Preferably, the conductive sleeve is made of 316 stainless steel.

[0012] The present invention also provides a laser electrolysis synchronous composite processing method, which uses the laser electrolysis synchronous composite processing device described above, and includes the following steps:

[0013] S1: Sleeve the conductive sleeve over the anode workpiece to be processed, then install one end of the conductive sleeve in the anode fixing plate, and fix the other end in the sleeve positioning block, fix the end of the anode workpiece away from the anode fixing plate in the anode workpiece positioning block, connect the anode workpiece positioning block to the anode clamping positioning block, and connect the sleeve conductive plate and the anode conductive plate to the positive pole of the power supply;

[0014] S2: Connect the cathode of the tool to the negative electrode of the power supply, and inject the electrolyte into the processing gap from one end through the electrolyte injection device and let it flow out from the other end;

[0015] S3: Turn on the power of the laser processing device and the electrolytic processing device, and adjust the processing gap so that the laser beam passes through the tool cathode and focuses on the anode workpiece surface;

[0016] S4: driving the conductive sleeve and the anode workpiece along the feed direction by the machine tool spindle to perform laser electrolysis composite processing;

[0017] S5: After the processing is completed, the power supply is disconnected, the electrolyte supply is stopped, the anode workpiece is removed, and the surface processing of the anode workpiece is completed.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0019] The laser electrolysis synchronous composite processing device and method provided by the present invention adopt conductive glass as the tool cathode material for electrolytic processing. The conductive glass can serve as the cathode of electrolytic processing when the power is turned on. At the same time, its light transmittance allows the laser to pass through the conductive glass and focus directly on the anode workpiece surface, thereby achieving the purpose of laser electrolysis synchronous composite processing. The laser beam focused on the workpiece surface will make the local temperature of the workpiece surface higher than other places, thereby increasing the electrolytic etching rate of the area, so that the removal rate of the workpiece material in the area where laser processing and electrolytic processing exist simultaneously is higher than other places. Under the flushing of the electrolyte injected by the electrolyte injection device, the processed product can quickly flow out of the processing gap with the flow of the electrolyte, thereby avoiding the middle local bulge that occurs during the processing process, which is conducive to obtaining a smoother processed surface. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0021] Figure 1This is a schematic structural diagram of the laser electrolysis synchronous composite processing device provided by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the electrolytic processing device of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the electrolytic processing device of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the anode workpiece and the conductive sleeve after assembly in the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the cathode fixture in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 An exploded view of the mounting and fixing structure of the anode workpiece in the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a light path diagram of the laser from the laser emitter to the workpiece surface in the present invention;

[0028] In the figure: 1-electrolyte injection device, 2-cathode fixing plate, 3-anode fixing plate, 4-conductive sleeve, 5-sleeve positioning block, 6-anode workpiece positioning block, 7-anode clamping positioning block, 8-anode conductive plate, 9-sleeve conductive plate, 10-tool cathode, 11-anode workpiece, 12-machining gap, 13-laser emitter, 14-beam expander, 15-shaper, 16-fixed block, 17-insulating pin, 18-insulating gasket, 19-upper cathode fixture, 20-lower cathode fixture. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a laser electrolysis synchronous composite processing device and method to solve the problems existing in the prior art, avoid the middle local protrusions that appear during the processing, and facilitate obtaining a smoother processing surface.

[0031] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0032] like Figure 1-Figure 7As shown, this embodiment provides a laser electrolysis synchronous composite processing device, including an electrolytic processing device and a laser processing device, the electrolytic processing device includes an electrolyte injection device 1, a cathode fixing plate 2, an anode fixing plate 3, a conductive sleeve 4, a sleeve positioning block 5, an anode workpiece positioning block 6, an anode clamping positioning block 7, an anode conductive plate 8, a sleeve conductive plate 9 and a tool cathode 10, the tool cathode 10 is conductive glass, the tool cathode 10 is installed in the cathode fixing plate 2, the conductive sleeve 4 is used to be sleeved outside the anode workpiece 11 and one end is installed in the anode fixing plate 3, the anode workpiece 11 is arranged opposite to the tool cathode 10, and the anode A machining gap 12 is provided between the workpiece 11 and the tool cathode 10. The electrolyte injection device 1 is used to inject the electrolyte into the machining gap 12 from one end and flow it out from the other end. The other end of the conductive sleeve 4 is fixedly installed in the sleeve positioning block 5. The end of the anode workpiece 11 away from the anode fixing plate 3 is fixedly installed in the anode workpiece positioning block 6. The anode clamping positioning block 7 is connected to the anode workpiece positioning block 6 and is used to be connected to the machine tool spindle. The sleeve conductive plate 9 is connected to the conductive sleeve 4, and the anode conductive plate 8 is connected to the anode workpiece positioning block 6. The laser machining device is used to emit a laser beam and focus it on the surface of the anode workpiece 11 through the tool cathode 10.

[0033] Conductive glass is used as the cathode material of the electrolytic machining tool. The conductive glass can serve as the cathode of the electrolytic machining when the power is turned on. At the same time, its light transmittance allows the laser to pass through the conductive glass and focus directly on the surface of the anode workpiece 11, thereby achieving the purpose of laser electrolytic synchronous composite machining. The laser beam focused on the workpiece surface will make the local temperature of the workpiece surface higher than other places, thereby increasing the electrolytic etching rate in this area, so that the workpiece material removal rate in the area where laser machining and electrolytic machining occur simultaneously is higher than other places. Under the flushing of the electrolyte injected by the electrolyte injection device 1, the processed product can quickly flow out of the machining gap with the flow of the electrolyte, thereby avoiding the middle local protrusion that occurs during the machining process, which is conducive to obtaining a smoother machined surface. During the machining process, the anode clamping positioning block 7 is connected to the machine tool spindle so that the spindle movement provides feed motion for the anode part. During the machining process, the conductive sleeve 4 and the anode workpiece 11 are connected to the positive pole of the power supply together. Its function is to avoid the tip effect and edge effect that exist at the edge of the workpiece during the machining process, so that the electric field distribution on the entire workpiece surface is more uniform, which is conducive to obtaining a good machined surface.

[0034] In this embodiment, the laser processing apparatus includes a laser emitter 13, a beam expander 14, and a shaper 15, which are arranged in sequence. The laser beam emitted by the laser emitter 13 is focused onto the surface of the anode workpiece 11 via the beam expander 14, the shaper 15, and the tool cathode 10. The laser emitter 13 is used to control the energy of the emitted laser beam, the beam expander 14 can diffuse the laser beam to form a larger laser spot, and the shaper 15 can be used to adjust the laser shape of the laser beam that is finally focused on the workpiece surface. During the composite machining process, the high-energy-density laser beam is struck on the workpiece surface. The electrolyte temperature on the workpiece surface here is higher than that in other areas, resulting in a higher electrolytic material removal rate here than in other areas. The shape of the laser beam effectively controls the morphology of the groove after electrolytic machining and improves the efficiency of electrolytic machining.

[0035] In this embodiment, one end of the anode workpiece 11 away from the anode fixing plate 3 is threadedly connected to a fixing block 16 , and the fixing block 16 is interference-connected in the anode workpiece positioning block 6 , making the connection convenient and reliable.

[0036] In this embodiment, the sleeve positioning block 5, the anode workpiece positioning block 6 and the anode clamping positioning block 7 are positioned and connected by insulating pins 17, and insulating gaskets 18 are arranged between the sleeve positioning block 5 and the anode workpiece positioning block 6 and between the anode workpiece positioning block 6 and the anode clamping positioning block 7 to avoid circuit disorder.

[0037] In this embodiment, the tool cathode 10 is fixed to the cathode fixing plate 2 by a cathode fixture. The cathode fixture includes an upper cathode fixture 19 and a lower cathode fixture 20 for clamping and fixing the tool cathode 10. The upper cathode fixture 19 and the lower cathode fixture 20 are connected by bolts, and the lower cathode fixture 20 is also fixedly connected to the cathode fixing plate 2 by bolts. The cathode fixture securely connects the tool cathode 10 to the cathode fixing plate 2 and positions the tool cathode 10 in the electrolytic machining apparatus, making connection and positioning very convenient.

[0038] In this embodiment, the conductive sleeve 4 is made of 316 stainless steel.

[0039] A laser electrolysis synchronous composite processing method, using the laser electrolysis synchronous composite processing device described above, comprises the following steps:

[0040] S1: Sleeve the conductive sleeve 4 over the anode workpiece 11 to be processed, then install one end of the conductive sleeve 4 in the anode fixing plate 3, and fix the other end in the sleeve positioning block 5, fix the end of the anode workpiece 11 away from the anode fixing plate 3 in the anode workpiece positioning block 6, and connect the anode workpiece positioning block 6 to the anode clamping positioning block 7, and connect the sleeve conductive plate 9 and the anode conductive plate 8 to the positive pole of the power supply;

[0041] S2: Connect the tool cathode 10 to the negative pole of the power supply, and inject the electrolyte into the machining gap 12 from one end through the electrolyte injection device 1 and let it flow out from the other end;

[0042] S3: Turn on the power of the laser processing device and the electrolytic processing device, adjust the processing gap 12, so that the laser beam passes through the tool cathode 10 and focuses on the surface of the anode workpiece 11;

[0043] S4: The conductive sleeve 4 and the anode workpiece 11 are driven by the machine tool spindle to move along the feed direction to perform laser electrolysis composite processing;

[0044] S5: After the processing is completed, the power supply is disconnected, the electrolyte supply is stopped, the anode workpiece 11 is removed, and the surface processing of the anode workpiece 11 is completed.

[0045] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only intended to help understand the method and core concept of the present invention. At the same time, those skilled in the art will find that the specific implementation methods and application scopes may vary based on the concept of the present invention. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser electrolysis synchronous composite processing device, characterized by: The invention comprises an electrolytic machining device and a laser machining device, wherein the electrolytic machining device comprises an electrolyte injection device, a cathode fixing plate, an anode fixing plate, a conductive sleeve, a sleeve positioning block, an anode workpiece positioning block, an anode clamping positioning block, an anode conductive plate, a sleeve conductive plate and a tool cathode, wherein the tool cathode is conductive glass, the tool cathode is installed in the cathode fixing plate, the conductive sleeve is used to be sleeved outside the anode workpiece and one end is installed in the anode fixing plate, the conductive sleeve and the anode workpiece are connected to the positive pole of the power supply together, the anode workpiece and the tool cathode are arranged opposite to each other, and the anode workpiece and the tool cathode are arranged opposite to each other. A machining gap is provided between the two electrodes, the electrolyte injection device is used to inject the electrolyte into the machining gap from one end and flow it out from the other end, the other end of the conductive sleeve is fixedly installed in the sleeve positioning block, the end of the anode workpiece away from the anode fixing plate is fixedly installed in the anode workpiece positioning block, the anode clamping positioning block is connected to the anode workpiece positioning block and is used to be connected to the machine tool spindle, the sleeve conductive plate is connected to the conductive sleeve, and the anode conductive plate is connected to the anode workpiece positioning block; the laser processing device is used to emit a laser beam and focus it on the surface of the anode workpiece through the tool cathode; One end of the anode workpiece away from the anode fixing plate is threadedly connected to a fixing block, and the fixing block is interference-connected in the anode workpiece positioning block; The sleeve positioning block, the anode workpiece positioning block and the anode clamping positioning block are positioned and connected by insulating pins. Insulating gaskets are provided between the sleeve positioning block and the anode workpiece positioning block and between the anode workpiece positioning block and the anode clamping positioning block.

2. The laser electrolysis synchronous composite processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser processing device comprises a laser emitter, a beam expander and a shaper which are arranged in sequence. The laser beam emitted by the laser emitter is focused on the surface of the anode workpiece through the beam expander, the shaper and the tool cathode.

3. The laser electrolysis synchronous composite processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tool cathode is fixed in the cathode fixing plate by a cathode clamp, and the cathode clamp includes an upper cathode clamp and a lower cathode clamp for clamping and fixing the tool cathode. The upper cathode clamp and the lower cathode clamp are connected by bolts, and the lower cathode clamp is fixedly connected to the cathode fixing plate by bolts.

4. The laser electrolysis synchronous composite processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conductive sleeve is made of 316 stainless steel.

5. A laser electrolysis synchronous composite processing method, characterized in that: The laser electrolysis synchronous composite processing device according to any one of claims 1 to 4 comprises the following steps: S1: Sleeve the conductive sleeve over the anode workpiece to be processed, then install one end of the conductive sleeve in the anode fixing plate, and fix the other end in the sleeve positioning block, fix the end of the anode workpiece away from the anode fixing plate in the anode workpiece positioning block, connect the anode workpiece positioning block to the anode clamping positioning block, and connect the sleeve conductive plate and the anode conductive plate to the positive pole of the power supply; S2: Connect the cathode of the tool to the negative electrode of the power supply, and inject the electrolyte into the processing gap from one end through the electrolyte injection device and let it flow out from the other end; S3: Turn on the power of the laser processing device and the electrolytic processing device, and adjust the processing gap so that the laser beam passes through the tool cathode and focuses on the anode workpiece surface; S4: driving the conductive sleeve and the anode workpiece along the feed direction by the machine tool spindle to perform laser electrolysis composite processing; S5: After the processing is completed, the power supply is disconnected, the electrolyte supply is stopped, the anode workpiece is removed, and the surface processing of the anode workpiece is completed.

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