A method for adjusting the arbitrary damping stiffness of a pantograph damper externally

Abstract

The application discloses a method for adjusting the damping stiffness of a pantograph damper externally, which comprises a stiffness adjusting mechanism capable of adjusting the damping stiffness and being controlled by magnetic force outside a cylinder sleeve, and the adjustment of the damping stiffness of the damper is realized by the control of the magnetic force outside the cylinder sleeve. The stiffness adjusting mechanism capable of adjusting the damping stiffness is arranged in the cylinder sleeve, which comprises a through hole arranged on a shaft rod, one end of the through hole is communicated with a shaft hole, the other end of the through hole is exposed on the outer surface of the shaft rod, and the opening size of the through hole can be controlled; the cross-sectional area of the shaft hole is equal to or greater than the sum of the cross-sectional area of the through hole and the cross-sectional area of a closeable pressure reducing hole. The method has the advantages that the stiffness adjusting can be realized outside the damper without disassembling the damper; the original two fixed stiffness points are improved to be several adjustable stiffness points; the diameter of the closeable pressure reducing hole is reduced, the diameter of the through hole is increased, and the adjusting range of the damping stiffness is larger.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for arbitrarily adjusting the damping stiffness of a pantograph damper externally, belonging to the field of damping stiffness adjustment technology. Background Technology

[0002] A pantograph is a device used by electric trains to receive power from the power grid along the railway line in a continuous contact manner. To ensure that the pantograph can maintain good contact with the power supply line under any road conditions, a damper is installed between the pantograph and the train roof to suppress the vertical vibration of the pantograph.

[0003] like Figure 6 As shown, this damper, like a general hydraulic shock absorber, has a cylinder liner 1. According to the orientation during application, the middle and lower sections of the cylinder liner 1 contain a hydraulic cylinder 2, and the upper section contains a guide bearing 3. The guide bearing 3 has a rod hole 301 that runs vertically through its shaft. The hydraulic cylinder 2 contains a piston 4, which divides the hydraulic cylinder 2 into an upper chamber 201 and a lower chamber 202. The piston 4 has a damping oil hole 401, allowing the oil in the upper chamber 201 and the lower chamber 202 of the hydraulic cylinder 2 to flow through the damping oil hole 401 with energy loss. The piston 4 has a shaft 5 that runs vertically through the piston 4 and is fixed to the piston 4. The upper section of the shaft 5 extends out of the cylinder liner through the rod hole 301 of the guide bearing 3.

[0004] To ensure that the pantograph can descend quickly and land safely on the roof during the lowering process, traditional pantographs are configured as follows:

[0005] The middle and lower sections of the shaft 5 are provided with a central hole 501 opening at the lower end of the shaft 5. The middle section of the shaft 5 is provided with a closable pressure relief oil hole 502 that can connect the upper cavity 201 and the central hole 501. The closable pressure relief oil hole 502 and the central hole 501 form a non-energy-consuming bidirectional oil passage connecting the upper cavity 201 and the lower cavity 202 of the oil cylinder 2. However, when the closable pressure relief oil hole 502 is located in the rod hole 301 of the guide bearing 3 along with the shaft 5, the bidirectional oil passage is closed.

[0006] The piston 4 is provided with a non-energy-consuming bidirectional oil passage 6 that connects the upper chamber 201 and the lower chamber 202 of the oil cylinder 2.

[0007] When the lowering of the pantograph begins, the shaft 5 and the piston 4 go up, the closeable pressure relief oil hole 502 in the upper chamber 201 is closed, the closeable pressure relief oil hole 502 and the shaft hole 501 form a non-energy-consuming oil passage between the upper chamber 201 and the lower chamber 202 of the cylinder 2, and together with the always-open hole 6 provided on the piston 4, form a double passage for the hydraulic oil in the upper chamber 201 to enter the lower chamber 202 without energy consumption, the resistance of the piston going up is small, the damping stiffness is small, and the speed of the lowering of the pantograph is fast. When the pantograph is lowered to near the roof of the train, the closeable pressure relief oil hole 502 on the shaft 5 is closed with the shaft 5 entering the guide 3, only the always-open hole 6 is left between the upper chamber 201 and the lower chamber 202, which is a single passage for the hydraulic oil in the upper chamber 201 to enter the lower chamber 202 without energy consumption, the resistance of the piston going up is greatly increased, the damping stiffness is large, and the speed of the lowering of the pantograph is slowed down, so that the pantograph can gently fall on the roof of the train.

[0008] In actual application, because the damping effect of the damper is greatly affected by the environmental temperature, the damping stiffness of the pantograph damper should be different for the trains running in extremely cold areas and the trains running in high-temperature areas, but the above-mentioned setting of the prior art cannot adjust the damping stiffness, so a relatively wide adaptive range is set in advance when the damper is manufactured, but when it is applied to the trains in the extreme temperature range, the damping effect is not as good as expected, that is, the pantograph either lowers too fast or too slow. In addition, as the use time is too long, the originally suitable damping effect also becomes unsuitable, but because the above-mentioned setting of the prior art cannot adjust the parameters, the damper has to be scrapped in advance and a new damper has to be replaced.

[0009] To solve the above-mentioned problems, the applicant has carried out a series of researches, and uses a certain retrieval system to retrieve respectively as follows:

[0010] 1. " (damper or shock absorber) and (adjust or adjust) and parameter and (shaft or rod) " is retrieved, and nearly ten thousand pieces of patent literature meeting the retrieval condition are found;

[0011] 2. Further, "(damper or shock absorber) and (adjust or adjust) and parameter and (shaft or rod) and hole and piston" is retrieved, and more than four hundred pieces of patent literature meeting the retrieval condition are found;

[0012] 3. Further, "(damper or shock absorber) and (adjust or adjust) and parameter and (shaft or rod) and hole and piston and (magnetic block or magnet or magnet)" is retrieved, and seventeen pieces of patent literature meeting the retrieval condition are found.

[0013] Through the above-mentioned retrieval, no patent literature meeting the retrieval condition is found in the numerous patent literatures. SUMMARY

[0014] The technical problem solved by the present application is how to realize adjustable damping stiffness of the damper and adjust the stiffness outside the damper without disassembling the damper.

[0015] To solve the above problems, the technical solution provided by the present application is:

[0016] A method for adjusting the damping stiffness of a pantograph damper externally, comprising setting a stiffness adjusting mechanism capable of adjusting the damping stiffness in the cylinder sleeve and capable of being controlled magnetically outside the cylinder sleeve, and adjusting the damping stiffness of the damper by magnetic control outside the cylinder sleeve.

[0017] Further, the stiffness adjusting mechanism capable of adjusting the damping stiffness in the cylinder sleeve comprises a through hole provided on the shaft rod, one end of which is communicated with the shaft hole, and the other end of which is exposed on the outer surface of the shaft rod, and the opening size of the hole is controllable; the cross-sectional area of the shaft hole is set to be equal to or greater than the sum of the cross-sectional area of the through hole and the cross-sectional area of the closable pressure reducing hole.

[0018] Further, the stiffness adjusting mechanism capable of adjusting the damping stiffness in the cylinder sleeve further comprises a controller for controlling the opening size of the through hole.

[0019] Further, the controller for controlling the opening size of the through hole comprises a flow control ring capable of rotating around the shaft rod, one end of the flow control ring is provided with a beveled end surface, and the beveled end surface is arranged at the through hole, and the beveled end surface can gradually cover the through hole from fully open to fully closed when the flow control ring rotates.

[0020] Further, the controller for controlling the opening size of the through hole further comprises a driven magnet made of a permanent magnet arranged on the flow control ring, and the magnetic control outside the cylinder sleeve is to exert a magnetic force on the driven magnet outside the cylinder sleeve by using a driving magnet made of a permanent magnet or a magnetic attraction block that can be magnetically attracted, so as to rotate the flow control ring around the shaft rod to control the opening size of the through hole.

[0021] Further, the driven magnet made of a permanent magnet arranged on the flow control ring is a push arm radially extending towards the cylinder sleeve and capable of pushing the flow control ring to rotate, and the driven magnet is fixed on the outer end of the push arm.

[0022] Further, the controller for controlling the opening size of the always-open hole further comprises a positioning sleeve, a lower section of the positioning sleeve is fixed to the outer periphery of the shaft below the flow control sleeve ring, an upper section of the positioning sleeve is sleeved outside the flow control sleeve ring, a slot is arranged on the circumferential direction of the upper section of the positioning sleeve, a plurality of tooth slots are arranged on the circumferential direction of both sides of the slot, the push arm is passed through the slot, the push arm can rotate in the slot, positioning teeth capable of being clamped into the tooth slots are arranged on both sides of the push arm, and elastic members for enabling the push arm to radially expand and contract are arranged on the mounting part between the push arm and the flow control sleeve ring, and the positioning teeth are clamped into the tooth slots when the push arm is radially retracted.

[0023] Further, a cup cover with reverse buckling is arranged on the outer periphery of the flow control sleeve ring, the elastic member is a compression spring arranged in the cup cover, the push arm passes through the cup cover, the bottom end of the push arm is pressed towards the flow control sleeve ring by the compression spring, and the magnetic attraction force applied to the cylinder sleeve can overcome the pressure of the compression spring.

[0024] Further, a magnet sliding groove for the driving magnet or the magnetic attraction block to slide is arranged on the outer periphery of the cylinder sleeve and corresponds to the rotation line of the driven magnet, and the axial position of the magnet sliding groove on the cylinder sleeve radially corresponds to the position of the driven magnet when the piston pushes the cylinder bottom of the oil cylinder.

[0025] The above-mentioned method for adjusting the arbitrary damping stiffness of the pantograph damper from the outside comprises the following steps:

[0026] I. Push the piston to the cylinder bottom of the oil cylinder;

[0027] II. Detect the position of the driven magnet in the cylinder sleeve in the magnet sliding groove by using the magnetic pole observation sheet;

[0028] III. Place the driving magnet or the magnetic attraction block at the position of the driven magnet found in the magnet sliding groove, so that the push arm is lifted radially outward under the action of the magnetic attraction force, and the positioning teeth arranged on both sides of the push arm are separated from the tooth slots;

[0029] IV. Push the driving magnet or the magnetic attraction block in the circumferential direction of the magnet sliding groove, so that the push arm drives the flow control sleeve ring to rotate, and the oblique end surface covers the always-open hole at an appropriate position;

[0030] V. Radially pull out the driving magnet or the magnetic attraction block, so that the push arm is retracted under the action of the elastic force of the compression spring, and the positioning teeth fall into the tooth slots. Beneficial effects

[0031] 1. The stiffness can be adjusted from the outside without disassembling the damper;

[0032] 2. The stiffness points are improved from the original two fixed stiffness points to a plurality of arbitrary stiffness points;

[0033] 3. The diameter of the closable pressure relief oil hole is designed to be smaller than that of the closable pressure relief oil hole in the existing technology, while the diameter of the normally open hole is set to be larger than that of the normally open hole in the existing technology, so that the adjustment range of damping stiffness is larger. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 A damper that allows for arbitrary adjustment of damping stiffness externally;

[0035] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partial schematic diagram;

[0036] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A partial schematic diagram;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional assembly diagram of the controller;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the flow control collar;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a damper for pantographs in the prior art.

[0040] In the diagram: 1. Cylinder liner; 101. Magnet groove; 2. Hydraulic cylinder; 201. Upper chamber; 202. Lower chamber; 3. Guide bearing; 301. Rod hole; 4. Piston; 401. Damping oil hole; 5. Shaft; 501. Shaft hole; 502. Closable pressure relief oil hole; 6. Normally open hole; 7. Flow control collar; 701. Inclined end face; 8. Positioning sleeve; 801. Tooth groove; 802. Slit; 9. Push arm; 901. Positioning tooth; 10. Cup cover; 11. Compression spring; 12. Driven magnet; 13. Moving magnet; 14. Bearing. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings: Example 1

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for arbitrarily adjusting the damping stiffness of a pantograph damper externally includes installing a stiffness adjustment mechanism inside the cylinder liner 1 that can be magnetically controlled outside the cylinder liner 1. The damping stiffness of the damper is adjusted by magnetic control outside the cylinder liner 1. In this way, the stiffness of the damper can be arbitrarily adjusted according to actual needs without disassembling the damper.

[0043] like Figure 1As shown in Fig. 5, the adjustable damping stiffness stiffness adjusting mechanism is set in the cylinder liner 1 according to the above method, including changing the always-open hole 6 originally set on the piston 4 to be set on the shaft 5, making one end of the always-open hole 6 communicate with the shaft hole 501, and making the other end of the always-open hole 6 communicate with the outer circumferential surface of the shaft 5, and making the opening size of the other end of the always-open hole 6 controllable. Controlling the opening size of the other end of the always-open hole 6 is to control the flow size of the damping liquid flowing through the shaft hole 501.

[0044] The cross-sectional area of the shaft hole 501 is set to be equal to or greater than the sum of the cross-sectional area of the always-open hole 6 and the cross-sectional area of the closable pressure-reducing hole 502. That is, when the always-open hole 6 and the closable pressure-reducing hole 502 are opened at the same time, the damping liquid flowing into the always-open hole 6 and the closable pressure-reducing hole 502 at the same time can pass through the shaft hole 501.

[0045] The adjustable damping stiffness stiffness adjusting mechanism is set in the cylinder liner 1 according to the above method, and further includes a controller for controlling the opening size of the always-open hole 6.

[0046] The controller for controlling the opening size of the always-open hole 6 includes a flow control ring 7 which can rotate around the shaft 5, and one end of the flow control ring 7 is set as a bevel end surface 701, and the bevel end surface 701 is set at the opening of the always-open hole 6, and the bevel end surface 701 can gradually cover the opening of the always-open hole 6 from fully open to fully closed when the flow control ring 7 rotates.

[0047] As a preferred embodiment, the diameter of the closable pressure-reducing hole 502 is designed to be smaller than the diameter of the closable pressure-reducing hole 502 in the prior art, and the diameter of the always-open hole 6 is designed to be larger than the diameter of the always-open hole 6 in the prior art. In this way, the adjustment range of the damping stiffness is larger.

[0048] The controller for controlling the opening size of the always-open hole 6 according to the above method further includes a driven magnet 12 made of a permanent magnet on the flow control ring 7, and the magnetic force control outside the cylinder liner 1 is to make the driven magnet 12 rotate around the shaft 5 by using a driving magnet 13 made of a permanent magnet or a magnetic attraction block which can be magnetically attracted to exert a magnetic force on the driven magnet 12 outside the cylinder liner 1, so as to control the opening size of the always-open hole 6.

[0049] Further, the driven magnet 12 made of a permanent magnet on the flow control ring 7 is a push arm 9 which can push the flow control ring 7 to rotate and radially extend to the cylinder liner 1, and the driven magnet 12 is fixed to the outer end of the push arm 9.

[0050] The controller for controlling the opening size of the common through hole 6 is arranged, and a positioning sleeve 8 is arranged, the lower section of the positioning sleeve 8 is fixed on the outer periphery of the shaft 5 below the flow control sleeve ring 7, the upper section of the positioning sleeve 8 is sleeved on the flow control sleeve ring 7, a section of a slit 802 is arranged on the circumferential direction of the upper section of the positioning sleeve 8, a plurality of tooth grooves 801 are arranged on the circumferential direction of both sides of the slit 802, the push arm 9 is passed through the slit 802, the push arm 9 can rotate in the slit along the slit 802, positioning teeth 901 capable of being clamped into the tooth grooves 801 are arranged on both sides of the push arm 9, and elastic members enabling the push arm 9 to be radially expanded and contracted are arranged on the mounting part between the push arm 9 and the flow control sleeve ring 7, when the push arm 9 is radially retracted, the positioning teeth 901 are clamped into the tooth grooves 801, and the positioning teeth 901 are used for positioning the flow control sleeve ring 7 after adjustment and rotation.

[0051] Further, a cup cover 10 with reverse buckling is arranged on the outer periphery of the flow control sleeve ring 7, the elastic member is a compression spring 11 arranged in the cup cover 10, the push arm 9 passes through the cup cover 10, the bottom end of the push arm 9 is pressed towards the flow control sleeve ring 7 by the compression spring 11, and the magnetic attraction force applied on the cylinder sleeve 1 can overcome the pressure of the compression spring 11, so that the push arm 9 is radially extended outward, and then the positioning teeth 901 are separated from the tooth grooves 801.

[0052] The above-mentioned method for externally adjusting the arbitrary damping stiffness of the pantograph damper includes arranging a magnet sliding groove 101 corresponding to the rotation line of the driven magnet 12 on the outer periphery of the cylinder sleeve 1, and enabling the moving magnet 13 or the magnetic attraction block to slide, and the axial position of the magnet sliding groove 101 on the cylinder sleeve 1 is radially corresponding to the position of the driven magnet 12 when the piston 4 pushes the cylinder bottom of the oil cylinder 2.

[0053] The above-mentioned method for externally adjusting the arbitrary damping stiffness of the pantograph damper includes the following steps:

[0054] I. Push the piston 4 to the cylinder bottom of the oil cylinder 2;

[0055] II. Detect the position of the driven magnet 12 in the cylinder sleeve 1 in the magnet sliding groove 101 by using a magnetic pole observation sheet;

[0056] III. Place the moving magnet 13 or the magnetic attraction block at the position of the driven magnet 12 detected in the magnet sliding groove 101, so that the push arm 9 is lifted radially outward under the action of the magnetic attraction force, and the positioning teeth 901 arranged on both sides of the push arm 9 are separated from the tooth grooves 801;

[0057] IV. Push the moving magnet 13 or the magnetic attraction block in the circumferential direction of the magnet sliding groove 101, so that the push arm 9 pushes the flow control sleeve ring 7 to rotate, until the inclined end surface 701 covers the common through hole 6 at an appropriate position;

[0058] V. Radially pull out the moving magnet 13 or the magnetic attraction block, so that the push arm 9 is retracted under the action of the elastic force of the compression spring 11, and the positioning teeth 901 are positioned by falling into the tooth grooves 801.

[0059] The magnetic pole observation plate, moving magnet 13, or magnetic block are generally not installed in the magnet slide 101. Example 2

[0060] like Figure 2 , 3 As shown, the difference from Embodiment 1 is that a bearing 14 is provided between the lower section of the flow control sleeve 7 and the lower section of the positioning sleeve 8, and the flow control sleeve 7 is fitted onto the inner ring of the bearing 14. That is, the flow control sleeve 7 is fixed to the positioning sleeve 8 by the bearing 14, rather than being installed on the shaft 5. This allows it to rotate around the shaft 5 and be axially positioned relative to the shaft 5.

[0061] The above embodiments are only used to describe the present invention more clearly, and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of protection covered by the present invention. Any equivalent modifications should be regarded as falling within the scope of protection covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of externally adjustable damping stiffness of a pantograph damper, characterized by: The damping stiffness adjusting mechanism is arranged in the cylinder liner (1) and can be adjusted in damping stiffness and controlled by magnetic force outside the cylinder liner (1), and the adjustment of the damping stiffness of the damper is realized by the magnetic force control outside the cylinder liner (1); The damping stiffness adjusting mechanism is arranged in the cylinder liner (1) and can be adjusted in damping stiffness and controlled by magnetic force outside the cylinder liner (1), and the adjustment of the damping stiffness of the damper is realized by the magnetic force control outside the cylinder liner (1); The controller for controlling the opening size of the through hole (6) comprises a flow control sleeve ring (7) which is arranged on the outer periphery of the shaft (5) and can rotate circumferentially around the shaft (5), one end of the flow control sleeve ring (7) is arranged as an inclined end surface (701), and the inclined end surface (701) is arranged at the opening of the through hole (6); when the flow control sleeve ring (7) rotates, the inclined end surface (701) can gradually cover the opening of the through hole (6) from fully open to fully closed; a driven magnet (12) made of a permanent magnet is arranged on the flow control sleeve ring (7); the magnetic force control outside the cylinder liner (1) is realized by using a driving magnet (13) made of a permanent magnet or a magnetic attraction block which can be magnetically attracted to exert a magnetic force on the driven magnet (12) outside the cylinder liner (1), so as to control the opening size of the through hole (6) by rotating the flow control sleeve ring (7) around the shaft (5); The driven magnet (12) made of a permanent magnet is arranged on the flow control sleeve ring (7), specifically, a push arm (9) which can push the flow control sleeve ring (7) to rotate is arranged on the flow control sleeve ring (7) and extends radially towards the cylinder liner (1), and the driven magnet (12) is fixed to the outer end of the push arm (9); The controller for controlling the opening size of the through hole (6) further comprises a positioning sleeve (8), the lower segment of the positioning sleeve (8) is fixed to the outer periphery of the shaft (5) below the flow control sleeve ring (7), the upper segment of the positioning sleeve (8) is sleeved on the flow control sleeve ring (7), a slot (802) is arranged circumferentially on the upper segment of the positioning sleeve (8), a plurality of tooth grooves (801) are arranged circumferentially on both sides of the slot (802), the push arm (9) passes through the slot (802), so that the push arm (9) can rotate in the slot (802), positioning teeth (901) which can be clamped into the tooth grooves (801) are arranged on both sides of the push arm (9), and an elastic member which allows the push arm (9) to expand and contract radially is arranged between the push arm (9) and the flow control sleeve ring (7); when the push arm (9) contracts radially, the positioning teeth (901) are clamped into the tooth grooves (801).

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that: The cup cover (10) with reverse thread is arranged on the periphery of the flow control collar (7), the elastic member is a compression spring (11) arranged in the cup cover (10), the push arm (9) passes through the cup cover (10) and is pressed at the bottom end by the compression spring (11) towards the flow control collar (7), and the magnetic attraction force applied on the cylinder sleeve (1) can overcome the pressure of the compression spring (11).

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method is characterized by: The magnet sliding groove (101) corresponding to the rotation line of the driven magnet (12) is arranged on the periphery of the cylinder sleeve (1) and the driving magnet (13) or the magnetic attraction block slides in the magnet sliding groove (101), and the axial position of the magnet sliding groove (101) on the cylinder sleeve (1) corresponds to the position of the driven magnet (12) radially when the piston (4) pushes the cylinder bottom of the oil cylinder (2).

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method is characterized in that The method comprises the following steps: I. Push the piston (4) to the cylinder bottom of the oil cylinder (2); II. Detect the position of the driven magnet (12) in the cylinder sleeve (1) in the magnet sliding groove (101) by using a magnetic pole observation sheet; III. Place the driving magnet (13) or the magnetic attraction block at the position of the driven magnet (12) detected in the magnet sliding groove (101), so that the push arm (9) is lifted radially outward under the action of the magnetic attraction force, and the positioning teeth (901) arranged on both sides of the push arm (9) are separated from the tooth groove (801); IV. Push the driving magnet (13) or the magnetic attraction block in the magnet sliding groove (101) in the circumferential direction, so that the push arm (9) drives the flow control collar (7) to rotate, and the inclined end surface (701) covers the hole of the always-through hole (6) at an appropriate position; V. Radially pull out the driving magnet (13) or the magnetic attraction block, so that the push arm (9) is retracted under the action of the elastic force of the compression spring (11), and the positioning teeth (901) fall into the tooth groove (801) for positioning.

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