An antenna unit and a communication device

Abstract

The embodiment of the present application relates to the technical field of communication equipment, and discloses an antenna unit and communication equipment, the antenna unit comprises a first dielectric substrate, a ground plate, a resonator module, a first feeding structure, a second dielectric substrate, a second feeding structure, a third dielectric substrate and a third feeding structure, the ground plate is provided with a slit; the resonator module is coupled with the slit; the first feeding structure is arranged on the second surface, and the first feeding structure is used for coupling and feeding the resonator module; the second dielectric substrate is arranged on one side of the ground plate away from the second surface; the second feeding structure is arranged on the second dielectric substrate; the third dielectric substrate is stacked with the second dielectric substrate and the first dielectric substrate; and the third feeding structure is arranged on the third dielectric substrate. Through the above mode, the embodiment of the present application can achieve the purpose that one antenna realizes multiple antenna functions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an antenna unit and a communication device. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of modern radar and communication systems, the number of antennas required for aircraft, ships, and satellites is increasing to achieve purposes such as communication, navigation, guidance, early warning, and weapon homing. This leads to a continuous increase in the weight loaded on the platform and the cost of building antennas. At the same time, electromagnetic interference between antennas is also very high, seriously affecting their normal operation.

[0003] In implementing the embodiments of this application, the inventors discovered that: currently, in order to reduce the weight of the antennas on the platform, reduce costs, reduce the radar cross section of the platform, and achieve good electromagnetic compatibility characteristics, it is desirable to use one antenna to achieve the functions of multiple antennas. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main technical problem solved by the embodiments of this application is to provide an antenna unit that achieves circular polarization of the antenna by setting a second feeding structure to change the current direction of the second dielectric substrate, and achieves linear polarization of the antenna by setting a third feeding structure to change the current direction of the third dielectric substrate. The antenna unit constitutes a polarization reconfigurable antenna, thereby achieving the purpose of one antenna realizing multiple antenna functions.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, one technical solution adopted in this application embodiment is: providing an antenna unit, including a first dielectric substrate, a ground plane, a resonator module, a first feeding structure, a second dielectric substrate, a second feeding structure, a third dielectric substrate, and a third feeding structure. The first dielectric substrate includes a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other; the ground plane is disposed on the first surface and has a gap; the resonator module is disposed on the ground plane and coupled to the gap; the first feeding structure is disposed on the second surface and is used to couple and feed the resonator module; the second dielectric substrate is disposed on the side of the ground plane away from the second surface; the second feeding structure is disposed on the second dielectric substrate; the third dielectric substrate is stacked with the second dielectric substrate and the first dielectric substrate; and the third feeding structure is disposed on the third dielectric substrate.

[0006] Optionally, the antenna unit further includes a fourth dielectric substrate and a fourth feeding structure, wherein the fourth dielectric substrate is disposed between the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate, and the fourth feeding structure is disposed on the fourth dielectric substrate.

[0007] Optionally, the second power supply structure includes a first circular power supply patch, which is disposed at the center of the second dielectric substrate. The first circular power supply patch extends to form a first rectangular power supply patch, a second rectangular power supply patch, and a third rectangular power supply patch. The first rectangular power supply patch, the second rectangular power supply patch, and the third rectangular power supply patch are evenly distributed along the circumference of the first circular power supply patch. The first circular power supply patch is provided with a first notch.

[0008] Optionally, the third power supply structure includes a first power supply section, a second power supply section, a third power supply section, and a fourth power supply section. One end of the first power supply section is connected to one end of the second power supply section, one end of the third power supply section, and one end of the fourth power supply section. The first power supply section, the second power supply section, the third power supply section, and the fourth power supply section are connected to form an equal power distribution structure. The equal power distribution structure is used to equally distribute power to the resonator module. The gap constitutes the output of the equal power distribution structure.

[0009] Optionally, the fourth power supply structure includes a second circular power supply patch, which is disposed at the center of the fourth dielectric substrate. The second circular power supply patch extends to form a fifth rectangular power supply patch, a sixth rectangular power supply patch, and a seventh rectangular power supply patch. The fifth rectangular power supply patch, the sixth rectangular power supply patch, and the seventh rectangular power supply patch are evenly distributed along the circumference of the second circular power supply patch. The first circular power supply patch is provided with a second notch.

[0010] Optionally, there may be multiple slots and resonator modules, with one resonator module covering one slot.

[0011] Optionally, the resonator module includes a first dielectric resonator and a second dielectric resonator, the first dielectric resonator being disposed at one end of the gap and the second dielectric resonator being disposed at the other end of the gap, and the first dielectric resonator and the second dielectric resonator being disposed opposite to each other.

[0012] Optionally, the antenna unit further includes a positioning through hole and a positioning post. The positioning through hole penetrates the first dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate, the third dielectric substrate, and the fourth dielectric substrate. The positioning post is inserted into the positioning through hole and is used to fix the resonator module.

[0013] Optionally, the gap is a Z-shaped gap.

[0014] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, another technical solution adopted in the embodiments of this application is to provide a communication device including any of the antenna elements mentioned above.

[0015] This application provides an antenna unit, including a first dielectric substrate, a ground plane, a resonator module, a first feed structure, a second dielectric substrate, a second feed structure, a third dielectric substrate, and a third feed structure. The first dielectric substrate includes a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other. The ground plane is disposed on the first surface and has a gap. The resonator module is disposed on the ground plane and coupled to the gap. The first feed structure is disposed on the second surface and is used to couple and feed the resonator module. The second dielectric substrate is disposed on the side of the ground plane away from the second surface. The second feed structure is disposed on the second dielectric substrate. The third dielectric substrate is stacked with the second dielectric substrate and the first dielectric substrate. The third feed structure is disposed on the third dielectric substrate. By setting the second feed structure to change the current direction of the second dielectric substrate, the circular polarization of the antenna is achieved. The third feed structure provides a stable phase difference to achieve the linear polarization of the antenna. The antenna unit constitutes a polarization reconfigurable antenna, achieving the purpose of one antenna realizing multiple antenna functions. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of this application or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna element according to an embodiment of this application;

[0018] Figure 2 This is another schematic diagram of the antenna element in an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 3 This is yet another angled schematic diagram of the antenna element in an embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the third feeding structure of the antenna element in an embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the second feeding structure of the antenna element in an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth feeding structure of the antenna element in an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the second feeding structure of the antenna element in an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the fourth feed structure of the antenna element in an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the current distribution of the third feeding structure of the antenna element in an embodiment of this application;

[0026] The reference numerals in the detailed embodiments are as follows: 100, antenna element; 10, first dielectric substrate; 101, first surface; 102, second surface; 20, ground plane; 201, gap; 30, resonator module; 301, first dielectric resonator; 302, second dielectric resonator; 40, first feed structure; 50, second dielectric substrate; 60, second feed structure; 601, first circular feed patch; 611, first notch; 602, first rectangular feed patch; 603, second rectangular feed patch. Surface mount; 604, Third rectangular feed patch; 70, Third dielectric substrate; 80, Third feed structure; 801, First feed section; 802, Second feed section; 803, Third feed section; 804, Fourth feed section; 90, Fourth dielectric substrate; 110, Fourth feed structure; 111, Second circular feed patch; 115, Second notch; 112, Fifth rectangular feed patch; 113, Sixth rectangular feed patch; 114, Seventh rectangular feed patch; 120, Positioning through hole; 130, Positioning post. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more detailed description is provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that when an element is described as "fixed to" another element, it can be directly on the other element, or one or more intermediate elements may exist between them. When an element is described as "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element, or one or more intermediate elements may exist between them. The terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "vertical," "horizontal," etc., used in this specification indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0028] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the application. The term "and / or" as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0029] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of this application described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0030] Please see Figures 1 to 3 The antenna unit 100 includes a first dielectric substrate 10, a ground plane 20, a resonator module 30, a first feed structure 40, a second dielectric substrate 50, a second feed structure 60, a third dielectric substrate 70, a third feed structure 80, a fourth dielectric substrate 90, and a fourth feed structure 110. The first dielectric substrate 10 includes a first surface 101 and a second surface 102 disposed opposite to each other. The ground plane 20 is disposed on the first surface 101 and has a gap 201. The resonator module 30 is disposed on the ground plane 20 and coupled to the gap 201. The first feed structure 40 is disposed on the second surface 102 and is used to couple and feed the resonator module 30. The second dielectric substrate 50 is disposed on the side of the ground plane 20 facing away from the second surface 102. The second feed structure 60 has a... The second dielectric substrate 50 is stacked on the third dielectric substrate 70, the third dielectric substrate 70 is stacked on the second dielectric substrate 50 and the first dielectric substrate 10; the third feed structure 80 is disposed on the third dielectric substrate 70; the fourth dielectric substrate 90 is disposed between the second dielectric substrate 50 and the third dielectric substrate 70; the fourth feed structure 110 is disposed on the fourth dielectric substrate 90; a resonator module 30 is used, and a slot 201 is opened on the ground plane 20. The coupling between the resonator module 30 and the slot 201 can increase the bandwidth. At the same time, the second feed structure 60, the third feed structure 80 and the fourth feed structure 110 are set to change the current direction of the antenna element 100 to achieve circular polarization of the antenna element 100 and to provide a stable phase difference to achieve linear polarization of the antenna element 100. This realizes the reconfigurable polarization mode of the antenna element 100 and the integration of multiple functions in the same antenna element 100.

[0031] In some preferred embodiments, the first feeding structure 40 is a microstrip antenna. The first feeding structure 40 is provided at the bottom of the first dielectric substrate 20, the second dielectric substrate 50, the third dielectric substrate 70 and the fourth dielectric substrate 90. By feeding different ports, multiple reconfigurable functions can be achieved. By reasonable layout and design, coupling between ports can be reduced. By changing the feeding method, multiple dielectric layer structures and resonator modules can be introduced to achieve different polarization modes, which can effectively reduce the coupling between different ports.

[0032] Please continue reading. Figure 3The resonator module 30 includes a first dielectric resonator 301 and a second dielectric resonator 302. The first dielectric resonator 301 is disposed at one end of the slot 201, and the second dielectric resonator 302 is disposed at the other end of the slot 201. The first dielectric resonator 301 and the second dielectric resonator 302 are arranged opposite to each other. When the antenna unit 100 is working, electromagnetic wave energy is fed in through the first feeding structure 40, and then the electromagnetic wave energy is coupled into the resonator module 30 through the slot 201. The resonator module 30 oscillates and excites the working mode inside the resonator module 30, and finally radiates outward into free space.

[0033] In some preferred embodiments, there are multiple slots 201 and resonator modules 30, with one resonator module 30 covering one slot 201. In this embodiment, it is preferred to provide four resonator modules 30 and four slots 201. Providing multiple resonator modules 30 and slots 201 ensures the symmetry of the antenna element 100 and achieves good orthogonal polarization radiation characteristics.

[0034] In some preferred embodiments, the gap 201 is a Z-shaped gap 201.

[0035] In some preferred embodiments, by creating the slit 201, the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna element 100 is greatly improved while the reverse loss remains essentially unchanged, thereby expanding the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna element 100 to a certain extent.

[0036] Please continue reading. Figure 2 The antenna unit 100 further includes a positioning through hole 120 and a positioning post 130. The positioning through hole 120 penetrates the first dielectric substrate 10, the second dielectric substrate 50, the third dielectric substrate 70 and the fourth dielectric substrate 90. The positioning post 130 is inserted into the positioning through hole 120. The positioning post 130 is used to fix the resonator module 30. By inserting the positioning post 130 into the positioning through hole 120, not only can the resonator module 30 be fixed, but the risk of the antenna unit 100 falling off under external force can also be reduced.

[0037] Please see Figure 4 and Figure 9The third power supply structure 80 includes a first power supply section 801, a second power supply section 802, a third power supply section 803, and a fourth power supply section 804. There are multiple first power supply structures 801. Each first power supply structure 801 is disposed on the third dielectric substrate 70. One end of the first power supply section 801 is connected to one end of the second power supply section 802, one end of the third power supply section 803, and one end of the fourth power supply section 804. Furthermore, the first power supply section 801, the second power supply section 802, the third power supply section 803, and the fourth power supply section 804 are all connected. The four feed sections 804 are connected to form an equal power divider structure, which is used to equally divide the power to the resonator module 30. The slot 201 constitutes the output of the equal power divider structure, and the third feed section 803 constitutes a four-part power divider structure. After the electromagnetic wave energy is fed in through the first feed structure 40, it is then output through the first feed section 801, the second feed section 802, the third feed section 803 and the fourth feed section 804 to achieve the purpose of linear polarization of the antenna element 100.

[0038] In some preferred embodiments, the outputs of the first power supply unit 801, the second power supply unit 802, the third power supply unit 803, and the fourth power supply unit 804 are separated by a distance of 1 / 4 wavelength.

[0039] Please see Figure 5 and Figure 7 The second feeding structure 60 includes a first circular feeding patch 601, which is disposed at the center of the second dielectric substrate 50. The first circular feeding patch 601 extends to form a first rectangular feeding patch 602, a second rectangular feeding patch 603, and a third rectangular feeding patch 604. The first rectangular feeding patch 602, the second rectangular feeding patch 603, and the third rectangular feeding patch 604 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the first circular feeding patch 601. The first circular feeding patch 601 is provided with a first notch 611, and one side of the first notch 611 is the signal feed point of the second feeding structure 60. The first rectangular feeding patch 602, the second rectangular feeding patch 603, and the third rectangular feeding patch 604 form multiple ports. A stable phase difference is achieved by connecting the second circular feeding patch 601 to the multiple ports. The first notch 611 causes the second dielectric substrate 50 to generate a counterclockwise current, thereby achieving the purpose of left-hand circular polarization of the antenna element 100.

[0040] Please see Figure 6 and Figure 8The fourth power supply structure 110 includes a second circular power supply patch 111, which is disposed at the center of the fourth dielectric substrate 90. Extending from the second circular power supply patch 111 are a fifth rectangular power supply patch 112, a sixth rectangular power supply patch 113, and a seventh rectangular power supply patch 114. These three rectangular power supply patches are evenly distributed along the circumference of the second circular power supply patch 111. The second circular feed patch 111 is provided with a second notch 115. One side of the second notch 115 is the signal feed point of the fourth feed structure 110. The fifth rectangular feed patch 112, the sixth rectangular feed patch 113 and the seventh rectangular feed patch 114 form multiple ports. A stable phase difference is achieved by connecting the second circular feed patch 111 with multiple ports. The second notch 115 is provided so that the fourth dielectric substrate 90 generates a clockwise current, thereby achieving the purpose of right-hand circular polarization of the antenna element 100.

[0041] This application provides an antenna unit 100, including a first dielectric substrate 10, a ground plane 20, a resonator module 30, a first feed structure 40, a second dielectric substrate 50, a second feed structure 60, a third dielectric substrate 70, and a third feed structure 80. The first dielectric substrate 10 includes a first surface 101 and a second surface 102 disposed opposite to each other. The ground plane 20 is disposed on the first surface 101 and has a gap 201. The resonator module 30 is disposed on the ground plane 20 and coupled to the gap 201. The first feed structure 40 is disposed on the second surface 102 and is used to connect with... The resonator module 30 is coupled and fed; the second dielectric substrate 50 is disposed on the side of the ground plane 20 away from the second surface 102; the second feeding structure 60 is disposed on the second dielectric substrate 50; the third dielectric substrate 70 is stacked with the second dielectric substrate 50 and the first dielectric substrate 10; the third feeding structure 80 is disposed on the third dielectric substrate 70. By setting the second feeding structure 60, the current direction of the second dielectric substrate 50 is changed to achieve circular polarization of the antenna, and the third feeding structure 80 provides a stable phase difference to achieve linear polarization of the antenna. The antenna element 100 constitutes a polarization reconfigurable antenna, achieving the purpose of one antenna realizing multiple antenna functions.

[0042] Based on the antenna element 100 provided in the above embodiments, this application also provides a communication device. This communication device uses the antenna element 100; specific implementation details can be found in the above-described embodiments of the antenna element 100, and will not be repeated here.

[0043] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and does not limit the patent scope of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made using the content of this application's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An antenna element, characterized in that, include: A first dielectric substrate includes a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other; A grounding plate is disposed on the first surface, and the grounding plate is provided with a gap; A resonator module is disposed on the ground plane, and the resonator module is coupled to the gap; A first feeding structure is disposed on the second surface, and the first feeding structure is used to couple and feed the resonator module. The second dielectric substrate is disposed on the side of the ground plane opposite to the second surface; A second feeding structure is disposed on the second dielectric substrate. The second feeding structure includes a first circular feeding patch, which is disposed at the center of the second dielectric substrate. The first circular feeding patch extends to form a first rectangular feeding patch, a second rectangular feeding patch, and a third rectangular feeding patch. The first rectangular feeding patch, the second rectangular feeding patch, and the third rectangular feeding patch are evenly distributed along the circumference of the first circular feeding patch. The first circular feeding patch has a first notch. The second feeding structure realizes left-hand circular polarization of the antenna element. The third dielectric substrate is stacked with the second dielectric substrate and the first dielectric substrate, and the third feeding structure realizes the antenna unit linear polarization function. A third feeding structure is disposed on the third dielectric substrate. The third feeding structure includes a first feeding section, a second feeding section, a third feeding section, and a fourth feeding section. One end of the first feeding section is connected to one end of the second feeding section, one end of the third feeding section, and one end of the fourth feeding section. The first feeding section, the second feeding section, the third feeding section, and the fourth feeding section are connected to form an equal power divider structure. The equal power divider structure is used to equally divide the power to the resonator module. The gap constitutes the output of the equal power divider structure. The outputs of the first feeding section, the second feeding section, the third feeding section, and the fourth feeding section are separated by a distance of 1 / 4 wavelength. The antenna element constitutes a polarization reconfigurable antenna.

2. The antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna unit further includes a fourth dielectric substrate and a fourth feeding structure. The fourth dielectric substrate is disposed between the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate, and the fourth feeding structure is disposed on the fourth dielectric substrate. The fourth feeding structure realizes right-hand circular polarization.

3. The antenna element according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fourth power supply structure includes a second circular power supply patch, which is disposed at the center of the fourth dielectric substrate. The second circular power supply patch extends to form a fifth rectangular power supply patch, a sixth rectangular power supply patch, and a seventh rectangular power supply patch. The fifth rectangular power supply patch, the sixth rectangular power supply patch, and the seventh rectangular power supply patch are evenly distributed along the circumference of the second circular power supply patch. The first circular power supply patch is provided with a second notch.

4. The antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of the slots and resonator modules is multiple, with one resonator module covering one slot.

5. The antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The resonator module includes a first dielectric resonator and a second dielectric resonator. The first dielectric resonator is disposed at one end of the gap, and the second dielectric resonator is disposed at the other end of the gap. The first dielectric resonator and the second dielectric resonator are disposed opposite to each other.

6. The antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna unit further includes a positioning through hole and a positioning post. The positioning through hole penetrates the first dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate, the third dielectric substrate, and the fourth dielectric substrate. The positioning post is inserted into the positioning through hole and is used to fix the resonator module.

7. The antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gap is a Z-shaped gap.

8. A communication device, characterized in that, Includes the antenna element as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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