A deep well ultra-long distance tunneling working face ventilation method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of deep well super-long distance driving face ventilation method, it is related to mine ventilation safety technical field, comprising the following steps: S1, driving length is less than 3000m, using fan combined with air duct ventilation method;S2, driving length is in 3000m~6000m range, using parallel fan ventilation method;S3, driving length is in 6000m~9000m range, using wind chamber relay ventilation method;S4, driving length is in 9000~12000m range, using parallel fan combined with wind chamber relay ventilation method;S5, driving length is greater than 12000m, repeat above-mentioned steps S1~S4, and constantly relay cycle.The application forms complete ventilation system by parallel fan combined with wind chamber air supply+drilling back air, finally effectively sends fresh air flow to driving face, not only solve the problem of insufficient air supply of super-long distance driving face, but also effectively avoid the generation of dirty air vortex phenomenon when back air, effectively improve the air quality of working face, guarantee personnel health and safety production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mine ventilation safety technology, specifically a ventilation method for deep well ultra-long-distance tunneling faces. Background Technology

[0002] With the improvement of comprehensive mechanization in coal mining and the increasing demand for energy, mining operations are continuously moving deeper. During mine roadway excavation, a good working environment is crucial for underground safety and the occupational health of workers. However, the difficulty of ventilation in ultra-long-distance tunneling faces undoubtedly presents a significant challenge to roadway construction. Ensuring efficient airflow supply and effectively improving the ventilation environment of the mining face during ultra-long-distance tunneling is one of the key issues currently of concern in my country's coal mining industry.

[0003] During the ventilation process of ultra-long tunnel excavation faces, there are problems such as long ventilation distance, high resistance along the way, insufficient air supply, and vortex at the face of the tunneling face. As a result, dust and harmful gases at the working face cannot be effectively discharged, the working environment becomes harsh, the construction process slows down, and personnel cannot breathe fresh air, which seriously affects the safety and health of the workers and the steady progress of the tunneling work.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a ventilation method for deep well ultra-long-distance tunneling faces to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a ventilation method for deep well ultra-long-distance tunneling faces, aiming to solve the problem of low ventilation efficiency encountered during long-distance tunneling, so as to improve the working environment of the tunneling face, ensure the safety and health of personnel, and ensure the steady progress of tunneling production operations.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a ventilation method for deep well ultra-long-distance tunneling faces, with the specific application steps as follows:

[0007] S1. When the tunnel excavation length is less than 3000m, a combination of a fan and a ventilation duct is used to ventilate the tunneling face. The polluted air formed after the fresh air flow washes over the tunneling face is diverted by the diverter to the return air vent. Under the action of the exhaust fan, the polluted air flows through the return air duct to the return air borehole, and finally the polluted air is discharged into the return air tunnel.

[0008] S2. When the tunnel excavation length is between 3000m and 6000m, a parallel ventilation method is used to ventilate the tunneling face. At the 3000m mark of the tunnel excavation length, an I-shaped ventilation duct connector is used to connect the ventilation duct and the short-pitch ventilation duct in parallel. An additional forced-flow fan is connected to the other end of the short-pitch ventilation duct, and an intake ventilation duct is connected to the other side of the I-shaped ventilation duct connector. After opening the I-shaped control valve, the two parallel fans draw fresh air through their respective ventilation ducts and converge into the intake ventilation duct, finally exiting through the end of the intake ventilation duct to supply air to the tunneling face.

[0009] S3. When the tunnel excavation length is within the range of 6000m to 9000m, a ventilation chamber is excavated and constructed at a distance of 6000m on one side of the tunnel. The end of the air intake duct described in S2 is placed in the ventilation chamber, and a forced-flow fan is installed on the other side of the ventilation chamber. The fan is connected to the air intake duct, which extends towards the tunneling face through an air door. The fresh airflow from S2 is sent to the ventilation chamber, and then the fresh airflow in the ventilation chamber is sent to the tunneling face through the air intake duct by the fan.

[0010] S4. When the tunnel excavation length is within the range of 9000-12000m, at the 9000m mark, an I-shaped ventilation duct connector is used to connect the end of the intake ventilation duct in S3 in parallel with the short-pitch ventilation duct. A forced-flow fan is added to the other end of the short-pitch ventilation duct, and the intake ventilation duct is connected to the other side of the I-shaped ventilation duct connector. After opening the I-shaped control valve, the fan and the fan in the ventilation chamber form a parallel connection, drawing fresh air into the intake ventilation duct, which then flows out through the end of the intake ventilation duct to supply air to the tunneling face.

[0011] S5. As the length of the tunneling face continues to extend, after the tunneling length exceeds 12,000m, repeat the above steps S1 to S4, continuously relaying the cycle, and finally send fresh air to the tunneling face.

[0012] Furthermore, a ventilation borehole can be drilled every 1500 meters through the return airway to the tunneling roadway. When the next new borehole is drilled, the previous old borehole is sealed at the same time. Then, the return air is used through the new borehole, and a ventilation circulation loop is formed through the borehole connection.

[0013] Furthermore, one end of the return air borehole is connected to the return air duct, which can be up to 1500m long. The end of the return air duct is connected to a suction horn. The other end of the return air borehole is connected to an exhaust fan through a short-distance duct.

[0014] Furthermore, a sludge drainage device is added at a certain position at the output end of the air intake duct closest to the tunneling face. This device specifically includes a narrow-diameter air duct and several drainage devices. At a certain position from the outlet of the air intake duct, an air duct interface is added for connecting the narrow-diameter air duct. Several pre-drilled holes are provided on the narrow-diameter air duct for connecting the drainage devices.

[0015] Furthermore, the narrow-diameter ventilation duct is arranged close to the top wall of the roadway, and the shape of the narrow-diameter ventilation duct is consistent with the cross-sectional shape of the top wall of the roadway; the outlet pipe of the diverter points spatially towards the suction horn, and the sewage intake port of the diverter faces spatially towards the tunneling face.

[0016] The advantages of this invention are:

[0017] 1. This invention provides a ventilation method for deep well ultra-long-distance tunneling faces. Compared with other long-distance ventilation methods under the same conditions, this invention requires fewer ventilation facilities, has a reasonable and reliable design, low economic cost, is simple and easy to implement, and is convenient for construction. When the tunneling length is less than 12,000m, only one ventilation chamber needs to be excavated. Fresh air can be effectively delivered to the tunneling face through the air intake facilities, which effectively improves the ventilation efficiency during ultra-long-distance tunneling, improves the working air environment, and ensures the health and safety of personnel and production.

[0018] 2. This invention discloses a ventilation method for deep well ultra-long-distance tunneling faces. It employs a staged ventilation approach, utilizing parallel fans combined with ventilation chambers for air supply and borehole return to form a complete ventilation system. As the tunneling face length extends, the system continuously relays airflow, meeting the ventilation needs of ultra-long-distance tunneling faces exceeding 10km. Ultimately, it effectively delivers fresh air to the tunneling face, solving the problem of insufficient air supply in ultra-long-distance tunneling faces, effectively improving the air environment at the working face, and ensuring personnel health and safe production.

[0019] 3. The present invention provides a ventilation method for a deep well ultra-long-distance tunneling face, which connects the tunneling roadway and the return air roadway through a borehole to form a ventilation circulation loop. Under the action of air pressure difference, the polluted air from the tunneling face is discharged into the return air roadway through the return air borehole, and effective ventilation is achieved by using the return air through the borehole.

[0020] 4. The present invention provides a ventilation method for deep well ultra-long-distance tunneling faces. By setting a narrow-diameter air duct at a certain position at the output end of the air inlet duct in front of the tunneling face, the negative pressure generated by several diverters on the narrow-diameter air duct can divert the polluted airflow in front of the tunneling face, avoiding the generation of vortex phenomenon where the polluted airflow is outside the effective suction range of the return air intake horn, thereby improving the return air efficiency and ensuring the air quality of the working environment at the working face. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of ventilation at the deep well ultra-long-distance tunneling face in the S1 stage of this invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of ventilation at the deep well ultra-long-distance tunneling face in the S2 stage of this invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of ventilation at the deep well ultra-long-distance tunneling face in the S3 stage of this invention.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of ventilation at the deep well ultra-long-distance tunneling face in the S4 stage of this invention.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the drain 4 located on the narrow-diameter air duct 5 in this invention.

[0026] In the diagram: 1-Ventilation shaft, 11-Intake side, 12-Return air side; 2-Excavation roadway, 21-Excavation face; 3-Return air roadway, 31-Working face; 4-Drainage device; 41-Fresh air inlet pipe; 42-Negative pressure receiving chamber; 43-Nozzle; 44-Mixing pipe; 45-Outlet pipe; 46-Diffuser; 47-Mixing chamber; 48-Sewage air intake; 5-Narrow diameter ventilation duct; 6-Exhaust fan; 61-Short distance return air duct; 62-Return air borehole; 63-Ventilation duct; 64-Exhaust air duct - Suction horn; 7- Forced-in fan; 71- Air duct; 72- Ventilation drill hole; 73- Air duct; 8- High-power forced-in fan; 81- Air duct; 9- High-power forced-in fan; 91- Short-distance air supply duct; 92- I-shaped air duct connector; 93- Air inlet duct; 10- Air chamber; 11- High-power forced-in fan; 111- Air duct; 12- High-power forced-in fan; 121- Short-distance air supply duct; 122- I-shaped air duct connector; 123- Air duct. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and are therefore intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] like Figure 1-5 As shown in the figure, this invention provides a ventilation method for a deep well ultra-long-distance tunneling face, comprising the following steps:

[0029] S1. When the tunnel 2 is less than 3000m in length, a conventional ventilation method of fan and ventilation duct is adopted. Specifically, the fan 8 and the ventilation duct 81 ventilate the tunneling face 21. The polluted air formed after the fresh air flow washes the tunneling face is guided by the diverter 4 to the return air horn 64. Under the action of the exhaust fan 6, the polluted air flows through the return air duct 63 to the return air borehole 62. Finally, the polluted air is discharged into the return air tunnel 3.

[0030] S2. When the tunnel 2 is excavated to a length between 3000m and 6000m, a parallel ventilation method using fans is employed. Specifically, at a tunnel excavation length of 3000m, an I-shaped ventilation duct connector 92 is used to connect ventilation duct 81 and short-pitch ventilation duct 91 in parallel. A forced-flow fan 9 is added to the other end of the short-pitch ventilation duct 91, and an air inlet duct 93 is connected to the other side of the I-shaped ventilation duct connector 92. After the I-shaped control valve is opened, the fans 8 and 9 draw fresh air through ventilation ducts 81 and 91 respectively, which then converge and flow into ventilation duct 93. Finally, the air flows out through the end of ventilation duct 93 and supplies air to the tunneling face 21. The polluted air formed after the fresh air flow washes over the working face is guided by the air diverter 4 to the suction horn 64. Under the action of the exhaust fan 6, the polluted air is discharged into the return air roadway 3 in sequence through the return air duct 63, the return air borehole 62, and the short-distance return air duct 61.

[0031] S3. When the tunnel 2 is excavated to a length between 6000m and 9000m, a ventilation method using a relay ventilation system is adopted. Specifically, a ventilation chamber 10 is excavated and constructed at a distance of 6000m on the air intake side of the tunnel 2. The end of the ventilation duct 93 is placed inside the ventilation chamber 10, and a forced-flow fan 11 is installed inside the ventilation chamber 10. The fan 11 is connected to the air intake duct 111, which extends to the tunneling face 21 through an air door. Fresh air is delivered to the ventilation chamber 10 through the ventilation duct 93, and then the fresh air in the ventilation chamber is delivered to the tunneling face 21 through the ventilation duct 111 by the fan 11, thus ensuring a fresh air supply to the tunneling face.

[0032] S4. When the tunnel 2 excavation length is within the range of 9000-12000m, a ventilation method of parallel fans combined with ventilation chamber relay is adopted. Specifically, at a tunnel excavation length of 9000m, an I-shaped ventilation duct connector 122 is used to connect ventilation duct 111 and short-pitch ventilation duct 121 in parallel. A fan 12 is added to the other end of the short-pitch ventilation duct 121, and an air inlet duct 123 is connected to the other side of the I-shaped ventilation duct connector 122. After the I-shaped control valve is opened, the fans 11 and 12 draw fresh air through ventilation duct 111 and ventilation duct 121 respectively, which then flows into ventilation duct 123 and finally exits through the end of ventilation duct 123 to supply air to the tunneling face 21.

[0033] S5. As the length of the tunneling face continues to extend, when the tunneling length of the tunnel 2 exceeds 12,000m, the above method is used to continuously relay and circulate, eventually sending fresh air to the tunneling face, thus solving the problem of insufficient air supply to the ultra-long tunneling face.

[0034] The return air operation can be carried out by drilling a ventilation borehole 62 from the return air roadway 3 to the tunneling roadway 2, thereby drawing the polluted air from the tunneling face into the return air roadway 3 through the borehole 62. During tunneling, a ventilation borehole is drilled every 1500 meters. When drilling the next new borehole, the previous borehole is sealed at the same time, and then the return air is carried out using the new borehole. The tunneling roadway 2 and the return air roadway 3 are connected by the borehole to form a ventilation circulation loop. Under the action of the air pressure difference, the polluted air from the working face 21 is discharged into the return air roadway 3 through the return air borehole 62, and finally discharged into the return air side 12 of the ventilation shaft, achieving effective ventilation. A complete ventilation system is formed by parallel fans combined with air chamber air supply and borehole return air. This ventilation method can meet the ventilation needs of tunneling faces with a distance of more than 10km.

[0035] One end of the return air borehole 62 is connected to the return air duct 63, which can be up to 1500m long. The end of the duct 63 is connected to a suction horn 64, which is used to draw out the polluted airflow discharged from the working face 21 and the diverter 4. The other end of the return air borehole 62 is connected to the extraction fan 6 through a short-pitch return air duct 61, which can provide power for the extraction of polluted air at the suction horn 64.

[0036] A sludge drainage device is added at a certain position at the output end of the air intake duct closest to the tunneling face 21. Specifically, it includes a narrow-diameter air duct 5 and several drainers 4. An air duct interface is added at a certain position from the outlet of the air intake duct 81 for connecting the narrow-diameter air duct 5. The location of the narrow-diameter air duct interface must be selected to ensure that the airflow discharged from the drainers 4 is within the effective suction range of the suction horn 64. Several small holes are provided on the narrow-diameter air duct 5 for connecting the drainers 4.

[0037] The narrow-diameter ventilation duct 5 is arranged close to the top wall of the roadway, and the shape of the narrow-diameter ventilation duct 5 is consistent with the cross-sectional shape of the top wall of the roadway; the outlet pipe 45 of the diverter 4 is spatially directed towards the suction horn 64, and is used to divert the polluted airflow inside the diverter to the suction horn 64; the polluted air intake 48 of the diverter 4 is spatially directed towards the tunneling face 21, and is used to absorb the polluted air from the working face into the diverter.

[0038] The fresh air inlet pipe 41 connects to the pre-drilled opening on the narrow-diameter air duct 5, and is used to connect the air diverter 4 and the narrow-diameter air duct 5. The airflow in the narrow-diameter air duct 5 flows in from the fresh air inlet pipe 41, and when the airflow reaches the ultra-narrow diameter nozzle 43, it is ejected at high speed. According to the working principle of the venturi tube, a negative pressure area will be formed near the outlet of the nozzle 43, so that the polluted air from the tunneling face is drawn into the receiving chamber 42 from the absorption port 48. The drawn-in polluted air will be introduced into the mixing chamber 47 under the negative pressure of the high-speed airflow at the nozzle 43, and then the mixed flow will flow through the mixing pipe 44 to the diffuser 46, and finally be smoothly discharged from the outlet pipe 45 into the effective suction range of the suction horn 64.

[0039] In this embodiment, the air diverter installed in front of the tunneling face effectively avoids the generation of polluted air vortexes, improving return air efficiency and ensuring air quality in the working environment. By utilizing borehole return air, the tunneling roadway and return airway are connected to form a ventilation circulation loop. Under the action of air pressure difference, polluted air from the tunneling face is discharged into the return airway through the borehole, achieving effective ventilation. A staged ventilation method is adopted, using parallel fans combined with air chamber supply and borehole return air to form a complete ventilation system. As the length of the tunneling face extends, the system continuously circulates, meeting the ventilation needs of tunneling faces with a distance of over 10km. Ultimately, fresh air is effectively delivered to the tunneling face, solving the problem of insufficient air supply in ultra-long-distance tunneling faces, effectively improving the air environment at the working face, and ensuring personnel health and safe production.

[0040] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein; and these modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ventilation method for a deep well ultra-long-distance tunneling face, characterized in that, One end of the return air borehole is connected to the return air duct, which can be up to 1500m long. The end of the return air duct is equipped with a suction bell. The other end of the return air borehole is connected to an exhaust fan via a short-distance duct. During tunneling, a ventilation borehole is drilled every 1500 meters from the tunneling roadway through the return airway. When drilling the next new borehole, the previous borehole is sealed, and the new borehole is used for return air. The tunneling roadway and the return airway are connected by the boreholes to form a ventilation circulation loop. A sludge drainage device is installed at a certain position at the output end of the nearest intake air duct ahead of the tunneling working face. The drainage device includes a narrow-diameter duct and several diverters. A duct interface is added at a certain position from the outlet of the air intake duct for connecting a narrow-diameter duct. The narrow-diameter duct has several pre-drilled holes for connecting to the air intake device. The fresh air inlet pipe of the air intake device is connected to the pre-drilled holes on the narrow-diameter duct. Airflow from the narrow-diameter duct flows in through the fresh air inlet pipe. The narrow-diameter duct is arranged close to the tunnel roof, and its shape matches the cross-sectional shape of the tunnel roof. The outlet pipe of the air intake device points spatially towards the suction bell mouth, and the sludge absorption port of the air intake device faces the tunneling face. The process includes the following steps: S1: When the tunnel excavation length is less than 3000m, the conventional ventilation method of combining a fan and a ventilation duct is adopted; S2: When the tunnel excavation length is in the range of 3000m to 6000m, a ventilation method using parallel fans is adopted; S3: When the tunnel excavation length is in the range of 6000m to 9000m, a ventilation method of relay ventilation chambers is adopted; S4: When the tunnel excavation length is in the range of 9000~12000m, a ventilation method of parallel fans and air chamber relay is adopted; S5: After the tunnel excavation length exceeds 12,000m, as the length of the tunneling face continues to extend, repeat the above steps S1~S4, continuously relaying the cycle, and finally send fresh air to the ultra-long distance tunneling face.

2. The ventilation method for a deep well ultra-long-distance tunneling face according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, a fan and ventilation duct are used to ventilate the tunneling face. The polluted air formed after the fresh air flow washes over the tunneling face is guided by the diversion device to the air intake at the end of the return air duct. Under the action of the exhaust fan, the polluted air passes through the return air duct, the return air borehole, and the short-distance ventilation duct in sequence, and is finally discharged into the return air roadway.

3. The ventilation method for a deep well ultra-long-distance tunneling face according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, at a tunnel excavation length of 3000m, an I-shaped ventilation duct connector is used to connect the ventilation duct and the short-pitch ventilation duct in parallel. A forced-flow fan is added to the other end of the short-pitch ventilation duct, and an air intake duct is connected to the other side of the I-shaped ventilation duct connector. After the control valve of the I-shaped ventilation duct is opened, the two parallel fans will draw fresh air into the air intake duct through their respective ventilation ducts, and finally the air will flow out through the end of the air intake duct to supply air to the tunneling face.

4. A ventilation method for a deep well ultra-long-distance tunneling face according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, an air chamber is excavated and constructed at a distance of 6000m on the air intake side of the roadway. The end of the air intake duct in S2 is placed in the air chamber, and a forced-flow fan is installed on the other side of the air chamber. The fan is connected to the air intake duct, and the air intake duct extends to the tunneling face through an air door. The fresh air flow in S2 is sent to the air chamber, and then the fresh air flow in the air chamber is sent to the tunneling face through the air duct by the fan.

5. A ventilation method for a deep well ultra-long-distance tunneling face according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, at a tunnel excavation length of 9000m, an I-shaped ventilation duct connector is used to connect the end of the intake ventilation duct in S3 in parallel with the short-pitch ventilation duct. A forced-flow fan is added to the other end of the short-pitch ventilation duct, and the intake ventilation duct is connected to the other side of the I-shaped ventilation duct connector. After the control valve of the I-shaped ventilation duct is opened, the fan and the fan in the ventilation chamber form a parallel connection, and the fresh air flow is combined and flows into the intake ventilation duct. Finally, the fresh air flows out through the end of the intake ventilation duct and supplies air to the tunneling face.

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