A device and method for intelligent regulation of air flow at a tunnel face

Abstract

This invention discloses an intelligent airflow control device and method for combined axial and radial airflow control at a tunneling face. The device includes an axial diameter opening and closing mechanism, an axial horizontal deflection mechanism, a radial air distribution adjustment mechanism, a telescopic and fixed air duct mechanism, and a load-bearing support mechanism. The method includes the following steps: 1. Installing the intelligent airflow control device for combined axial and radial airflow control at the tunneling face; 2. Fully unfolding and hanging the telescopic air duct; 3. Optimizing the flow field distribution through axial and radial airflow distribution; 4. Unloading the telescopic air duct. This invention can adjust the airflow ratio of the axial and radial outlets for different distances from the face and roadway conditions. Based on the tunneling face conditions, it coordinately adjusts the axial airflow angle, the size of the axial outlet, and the size of the radial outlet in real time. Through combined axial and radial adjustment, the airflow at the tunneling face has both axial pushing force and radial diffusion force, thereby optimizing the flow field distribution, improving dust control, and eliminating dust accumulation dead zones.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of airflow control technology in tunneling face, specifically relating to an intelligent control device and method for combined shaft diameter and airflow in tunneling face. Background Technology

[0002] In coal mining operations, with the increasing mechanization of mining equipment, dust generation at the tunneling face has multiplied, seriously threatening the health and safety of underground workers. Furthermore, excessively high dust concentrations increase the potential risk of dust explosions. Therefore, gas and dust control at rapid tunneling faces has become a crucial aspect of safe production in coal mines. Currently, fully mechanized tunneling faces commonly employ forced-draft local ventilation systems. In traditional forced-draft non-adjustable compressed air outlet systems, airflow enters the front end of the rubber baffle (i.e., the cutting area) from the side of the compressed air duct. Due to the baffle's obstruction, some airflow fails to effectively enter the cutting area and instead flows around to the return air side. Of the airflow entering the cutting area, some is drawn in by the onboard dust collector, while the rest escapes through the gaps in the return air side baffle due to excessive air volume. When the airflow exits from the return air side, it carries a large amount of dust into the working area, significantly deteriorating the working environment. Traditional systems suffer from limitations such as the inability to flexibly adjust airflow at the ventilation duct outlet according to actual needs, a single control direction, and the inability to achieve combined shaft diameter control. This results in insufficient airflow or unreasonable airflow distribution at the working face. This can not only lead to excessive local gas and coal dust concentrations but also create safety hazards for gas and coal dust explosions. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a tunnel face shaft diameter combined airflow intelligent control device to address the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a tunnel face shaft diameter combined airflow intelligent control device, characterized in that: it includes... An axial diameter opening and closing mechanism is used to open and close the diameter of the axial air outlet of the air compressor. An axial horizontal deflection mechanism is used to achieve angular deflection of the axial air outlet of the air compressor. The radial air distribution adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the size of the radial air outlet of the air compressor. A telescopic fixing mechanism for a wind tunnel is used to fix the telescopic wind tunnel in place, wherein the telescopic wind tunnel is connected to the air compressor. The load-bearing support mechanism is used to provide load-bearing support for the axial horizontal deflection mechanism, the radial air distribution adjustment mechanism, and the air duct telescopic fixing mechanism.

[0005] The above-mentioned intelligent control device for combined airflow and shaft diameter of tunnel face is characterized in that: the load-bearing support mechanism includes a load-bearing plate, a first support frame is fixedly connected to the front end of the load-bearing plate, a second support frame is fixedly connected to the rear end of the load-bearing plate, and a third support frame is fixedly connected to the bottom of the load-bearing plate.

[0006] The aforementioned intelligent airflow control device for combined shaft diameter of a tunnel face is characterized in that: the axial diameter opening and closing mechanism includes a ring-shaped blade frame, multiple blades are mounted circumferentially on the inner wall of the blade frame via hinges, multiple wheel seats for mounting rollers or gears are mounted circumferentially on the outer wall of the blade frame, an inner gear frame for meshing with gears is supported on the outer periphery of the multiple rollers, a keel frame is fixed to the outer wall of the blades, the keel frame is connected to the outer wall of the inner gear frame via connecting rods, universal joints are respectively installed at the two ends of the connecting rods connected to the keel frame and the outer wall of the inner gear frame, and the gears are driven by a first servo motor.

[0007] The above-mentioned intelligent control device for combined shaft diameter and airflow of a tunnel face is characterized in that: the axial horizontal deflection mechanism includes a bottom rotating disk, which is mounted on a load-bearing plate via roller bearings. A rotating shaft is installed at the central axis of the bottom rotating disk, and a wind tunnel frame is provided on the outside of the rotating shaft. The outside of the wind tunnel frame is connected to an internal gear frame, and the inside of the wind tunnel frame is connected to a telescopic adjustable wind tunnel. A first servo motor is mounted on the wind tunnel frame, and the bottom rotating disk is connected to a first motor push rod. The first motor push rod is driven by a second servo motor mounted on the load-bearing plate.

[0008] The aforementioned intelligent airflow control device for combined shaft diameter and airflow on a tunnel face is characterized in that: the radial air distribution adjustment mechanism includes a retainer for installing outer blades and air duct cloth; the retainer contains a plate and a frame for installing inner blades; the bottom of the frame is connected to a frame track via a track wheel; the frame track is connected to the plate at the bottom of the retainer; the front side of the frame is connected to a third servo motor via a second motor push rod; both ends of the retainer are connected to a telescopic adjustment air duct and a telescopic air duct, respectively; and the retainer is connected to a first support frame and a second support frame via the plate.

[0009] The above-mentioned intelligent control device for combined airflow and shaft diameter of tunnel face is characterized in that: the air duct telescopic fixing mechanism includes pulleys installed on the top of the first support frame and the second support frame, and a spring drum and winding reel installed on the third support frame. A steel wire rope is wound on the winding reel, and the extended end of the steel wire rope is connected to a hook. After the extended end of the steel wire rope passes around the pulley, it is connected to the anchor cable at the rear of the telescopic air duct through the hook.

[0010] The above-mentioned intelligent control device for combined shaft diameter and airflow at a tunnel face is characterized in that it further includes a PLC controller and a laser ranging sensor. The laser ranging sensor is installed at the front end of the load-bearing support mechanism and is used to detect the distance between the device and the tunnel face. The laser ranging sensor is connected to the input terminal of the PLC controller. The first servo motor, the second servo motor and the third servo motor are all controlled by the PLC controller, which is a Siemens S7-200smart PLC controller.

[0011] Meanwhile, this invention also discloses a method for intelligent control of airflow combined with shaft diameter at the tunnel face, characterized by the following steps: Step 1: Install the intelligent airflow control device for the tunnel face shaft diameter: Connect the intelligent airflow control device for the tunnel face shaft diameter to the air compressor of the tunneling machine; Step 2: Fully extend and hang the telescopic duct: Pull out the wire rope, and after the extended end of the wire rope passes around the pulley, it is connected to the anchor cable at the rear of the telescopic duct through the hook. At this time, the spring drum stores power, and the telescopic duct is fully extended and hung up to prevent the telescopic duct from bending excessively and increasing wind resistance. Step 3: Optimize the flow field distribution by distributing axial and radial airflow: When the wind speed is insufficient, the axial diameter opening and closing mechanism reduces the diameter of the axial outlet of the telescopic ventilation duct, increases the airflow velocity, and increases the range, thereby making up for the problem of insufficient effective transport distance and ensuring that the wind speed at the tunnel face meets the safety regulations. When the wind speed is too high, the axial diameter opening and closing mechanism expands the diameter of the axial air outlet of the telescopic air duct, the axial airflow speed decreases, and its effective range decreases accordingly. This can suppress the phenomenon that the airflow bypasses the baffle and escapes from the other side due to the excessive axial wind speed. When it is necessary to adjust the deflection angle of the air compressor, the axial horizontal deflection mechanism deflects the airflow direction of the axial outlet of the telescopic air compressor, so that more airflow is introduced into the cutting area from the return air side of the rubber baffle, reducing the direct escape of dust-laden airflow to the return air side, thereby reducing the dust concentration entering the work area. When it is necessary to increase the radial air volume, the radial air distribution adjustment mechanism increases the radial air outlet of the telescopic air duct, the radial opening area increases, the axial air volume decreases accordingly, the axial wind speed and range decrease, and at the same time the radial air volume increases, enhancing the lateral air supply capacity to the cutting area, reducing the airflow intensity blowing towards the front, making it easier for the front area covered by the rubber baffle to form a local negative pressure environment, which is conducive to the dust gathering towards the dust collection system. Adjust the axial and radial air volume distribution according to the actual site conditions and needs, thereby optimizing the flow field distribution; Step 4: Unloading the telescopic ventilation duct: First, disconnect the connection between the telescopic ventilation duct and the air compressor. At this point, simply loosen the hook and anchor cable of the wire rope, and the telescopic ventilation duct will automatically retract. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. The axial diameter opening and closing mechanism of this invention is used to realize the opening and closing of the axial air outlet of the telescopic ventilation duct. Through the cooperation of gears, pulleys and internal gear frames, the internal gear frame is driven to rotate. The pulleys are fixed on the blade frame and rotate in cooperation with the internal gear frame, thereby realizing the opening and closing of the blade diameter. The axial horizontal deflection mechanism is used to realize the angle deflection of the axial air outlet of the telescopic ventilation duct. The radial air distribution adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the size of the radial air outlet of the telescopic ventilation duct. For different distances from the face and roadway conditions, the air outlet ratio of the axial and radial air outlets can be adjusted. According to the working conditions of the tunnel face, the axial air outlet angle, the size of the axial air outlet and the size of the radial air outlet are adjusted in real time. Through the joint adjustment of the shaft diameter, the airflow at the tunnel face has both axial pushing force and radial diffusion force, thereby optimizing the flow field distribution, improving the dust control effect and eliminating dust accumulation dead zones.

[0012] 2. The method adopted in this invention connects the tunnel face axial diameter combined with the intelligent airflow control device to the tunneling machine's air compressor. The telescopic air compressor is fully extended and hung up using the air compressor telescopic fixing mechanism. According to the actual site conditions and needs, the axial and radial airflow distribution is adjusted to optimize the flow field distribution. After the operation is completed, the connection between the telescopic air compressor and the air compressor is disconnected. At this time, it is only necessary to loosen the hook and anchor cable of the wire rope, and the telescopic air compressor will automatically retract. On the basis of the original air compressor structure, axial size adjustment, direction adjustment and radial air outlet are added, so that some airflow can bypass the rubber baffle and directly enter the cutting area from the other side, thereby reconstructing the local airflow organization form, weakening the return airflow, and effectively reducing the dust concentration in the working area.

[0013] 3. The method adopted in this invention can achieve optimized reconstruction of axial and radial air volume distribution and flow field structure by synergistically adjusting three key parameters: axial diameter, air outlet angle, and radial opening. This promotes the formation of a stable negative pressure zone in the tunneling face area, significantly enhances dust collection efficiency, and ultimately achieves the goal of efficient dust reduction.

[0014] In summary, this invention is novel and reasonable in design. It can change the diameter and angle of the axial air outlet and the diameter of the radial air outlet, thereby improving the airflow state at the tunnel face. It supports joint control of the axial diameter and can dynamically adjust the coverage and velocity distribution of the airflow according to the actual working conditions. It can effectively promote airflow inside the roadway and achieve efficient exchange between fresh external air and toxic internal gases, providing a solid guarantee for the life safety of underground workers. It can also effectively reduce the dangers in the coal mining process, significantly reduce the possibility of safety accidents such as gas explosions and coal dust explosions, ensure the safe and orderly operation of coal mine production, and is easy to promote and use.

[0015] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structural connection of the intelligent airflow control device for the tunnel face shaft diameter combined with the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the intelligent airflow control device for the tunnel face shaft diameter combined with the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the axial diameter opening and closing mechanism of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the blade structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the axial horizontal deflection mechanism of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the bottom rotating disk and the second servo motor of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the radial air distribution adjustment mechanism of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal blade structure of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the outer blade of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wind tunnel telescopic fixing mechanism of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 11 This is a diagram showing the usage state of the tunneling face when the diameter of the axial diameter opening and closing mechanism of the present invention is reduced.

[0027] Figure 12 This is a diagram showing the usage state of the tunneling face when the diameter of the axial diameter opening and closing mechanism of the present invention is enlarged.

[0028] Figure 13 This is a diagram showing the usage state of the tunneling face when the axial horizontal deflection mechanism of the present invention is deflected.

[0029] Figure 14 This is a diagram showing the usage state of the tunneling face when the opening of the radial air distribution adjustment mechanism of the present invention is enlarged.

[0030] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1—Axial diameter opening and closing mechanism; 1-1—Blade; 1-2—Frame; 1-3—Blade frame; 1-4—Universal joint; 1-5—Connecting rod; 1-6—Gear; 1-7—First servo motor; 1-8—Hinge; 1-9—Roller; 1-10—Internal gear frame; 1-11—Wheel seat; 2—Axial horizontal deflection mechanism; 2-1—Second servo motor; 2-2—Bottom rotating disk; 2-3—Shaft; 2-4—Roller bearing; 2-5—Air duct frame; 2-6—Telescopic adjustable air duct; 2-7—First motor push rod; 3—Radial air distribution adjustment mechanism; 3-1—Third servo motor; 3-2—Second motor push rod; 3-3—Inner blade; 3-4—Panel; 3-5—Frame; 3-6—Outer blade; 3-7—Frame track; 3-8—Rail wheels; 3-9—Air duct fabric; 3-10—Cage; 4-1—Spring drum; 4-2—Pulley; 4-3—Winding reel; 4-4—Wire rope; 5—Load-bearing plate; 6—Telescopic ventilation duct; 7—First support frame; 8—Second support frame; 9—Third support frame. Detailed Implementation

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown Figure 14 As shown, the present invention provides a tunnel face axial diameter combined airflow intelligent control device, which includes an axial diameter opening and closing mechanism 1 for realizing the opening and closing of the axial air outlet of the air compressor. Axial horizontal deflection mechanism 2 is used to achieve angular deflection of the axial air outlet of the air compressor. The radial air distribution adjustment mechanism 3 is used to adjust the size of the radial air outlet of the air compressor. A telescopic fixing mechanism for the air duct is used to fix the telescopic air duct 6 in place. The telescopic air duct 6 is connected to the air compressor. The load-bearing support mechanism is used to provide load-bearing support for the axial horizontal deflection mechanism 2, the radial air distribution adjustment mechanism 3, and the air duct telescopic fixing mechanism.

[0032] In this embodiment, the load-bearing support mechanism includes a load-bearing plate 5, a first support frame 7 fixedly connected to the front end of the load-bearing plate 5, a second support frame 8 fixedly connected to the rear end of the load-bearing plate 5, and a third support frame 9 fixedly connected to the bottom of the load-bearing plate 5.

[0033] In this embodiment, the axial diameter opening and closing mechanism 1 includes a ring-shaped blade frame 1-3. Multiple blades 1-1 are mounted circumferentially on the inner wall of the blade frame 1-3 via hinges 1-8. Multiple wheel seats 1-11 for mounting rollers 1-9 or gears 1-6 are mounted circumferentially on the outer wall of the blade frame 1-3. An internal gear frame 1-10 for meshing with gears 1-6 is supported on the outer periphery of the multiple rollers 1-9. A keel frame 1-2 is fixed to the outer wall of the blades 1-1. The keel frame 1-2 is connected to the outer wall of the internal gear frame 1-10 via a connecting rod 1-5. Universal joints 1-4 are respectively installed at the two ends of the connecting rod 1-5 that are connected to the keel frame 1-2 and the outer wall of the internal gear frame 1-10. The gears 1-6 are driven by a first servo motor 1-7.

[0034] It should be noted that the axial diameter opening and closing mechanism is powered by the first servo motor 1-7, which is fixed on the load-bearing base of the support frame, through the transmission of gear 1-6 and internal gear frame 1-10. It can adjust the diameter of the dust control device from 0.8m to 1.2m.

[0035] In this embodiment, the axial horizontal deflection mechanism 2 includes a bottom rotating disk 2-2, which is mounted on the load-bearing plate 5 via roller bearings 2-4. A rotating shaft 2-3 is installed at the central axis of the bottom rotating disk 2-2. A duct frame 2-5 is provided on the outside of the rotating shaft 2-3. The outside of the duct frame 2-5 is connected to the internal gear frame 1-10, and the inside of the duct frame 2-5 is connected to the telescopic adjustable duct 2-6. A first servo motor 1-7 is mounted on the duct frame 2-5, and the bottom rotating disk 2-2 is connected to the first motor push rod 2-7. The first motor push rod 2-7 is driven by a second servo motor 2-1 mounted on the load-bearing plate 5.

[0036] It should be noted that the axial horizontal deflection mechanism is achieved by the bottom rotating disk 2-2. The bottom rotating disk 2-2 drives the rotating shaft 2-3 to connect with the air duct frame 2-5, which can adjust the angle of the dust control device from 0° to 30°.

[0037] In this embodiment, the radial air distribution adjustment mechanism 3 includes a retainer 3-10 for mounting the outer blades 3-6 and the air duct cloth 3-9. The retainer 3-10 contains a plate 3-4 and a frame 3-5 for mounting the inner blades 3-3. The bottom of the frame 3-5 is connected to the frame track 3-7 via a track wheel 3-8. The frame track 3-7 is connected to the plate 3-4 at the bottom of the retainer 3-10. The front side of the frame 3-5 is connected to the third servo motor 3-1 via a second motor push rod 3-2. The two ends of the retainer 3-10 are connected to the telescopic adjustment air duct 2-6 and the telescopic air duct 6, respectively. The retainer 3-10 is connected to the first support frame 7 and the second support frame 8 via the plate 3-4.

[0038] It should be noted that the radial air distribution adjustment mechanism 3 allows the width of the radial air distribution outlet to be adjusted within the range of 0 to 0.21m, thereby changing the radial air outlet velocity and the shaft diameter air volume ratio.

[0039] In this embodiment, the telescopic fixing mechanism of the air duct includes a pulley 4-2 installed on the top of the first support frame 7 and the second support frame 8, and a spring drum 4-1 and a winding reel 4-3 installed on the third support frame 9. A steel wire rope 4-4 is wound on the winding reel 4-3. The extended end of the steel wire rope 4-4 is connected to a hook. The extended end of the steel wire rope 4-4 passes around the pulley 4-2 and is connected to the anchor cable at the rear of the telescopic air duct 6 through the hook.

[0040] In this embodiment, a PLC controller and a laser ranging sensor are also included. The laser ranging sensor is installed at the front end of the load-bearing support mechanism and is used to detect the distance between the device and the tunneling face. The laser ranging sensor is connected to the input terminal of the PLC controller. The first servo motor 1-7, the second servo motor 2-1 and the third servo motor 3-1 are all controlled by the PLC controller, which is a Siemens S7-200smart PLC controller.

[0041] It should be noted that the axial diameter opening and closing mechanism is used to open and close the axial outlet diameter of the telescopic ventilation duct. Through the cooperation of gears, pulleys, and an internal gear frame, the internal gear frame is driven to rotate. The pulleys are fixed to the blade frame and rotate in cooperation with the internal gear frame, thus achieving the opening and closing of the blade diameter. The axial horizontal deflection mechanism is used to deflect the axial outlet angle of the telescopic ventilation duct. The radial air distribution adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the size of the radial outlet of the telescopic ventilation duct. These mechanisms are designed for different distances from the face and roadway conditions. It can adjust the air output ratio of the axial and radial air outlets. According to the working conditions of the tunnel face, it can adjust the axial air output angle, the size of the axial air outlet and the size of the radial air outlet in real time. Through the joint adjustment of the shaft diameter, the airflow at the tunnel face has both axial pushing force and radial diffusion force, thereby optimizing the flow field distribution, improving the dust control effect and eliminating dust accumulation dead zones. The whole structure is installed at the end of the air compressor, changing the airflow state of the air outlet, controlling the dust generated by cutting at the front end of the roadway, and allowing the dust to enter the dust collection and removal device to complete the air purification of the tunnel face.

[0042] The device achieves combined shaft and diameter control via PLC, which can coordinately adjust the air outlet parameters according to changes in the spatial structure of the tunnel face, effectively improving airflow distribution, avoiding ventilation blind spots and turbulent zones, and increasing the coverage and utilization rate of fresh airflow. The radial air outlet function enhances the disturbance and dilution of suspended dust in the roadway, and, combined with axial airflow guidance, accelerates the transport of dust to the dust collection port, reducing the concentration of respirable dust in the working environment. The wide coverage of multi-directional airflow facilitates rapid dilution of gas concentration, reduces the risk of local accumulation, and minimizes the potential hazards of gas exceeding limits and gas explosions, complying with coal mine safety production standards. The device has multi-angle adjustment capabilities and can be linked with wind speed and dust monitoring systems to achieve on-demand control of airflow direction and intensity, providing technical support for intelligent ventilation systems. Directional air delivery reduces energy waste and lowers the load on the fan system, adapting to complex geological conditions and various tunneling conditions: suitable for ventilation needs of multiple cross-sectional shapes, work arrangements, and tunneling stages.

[0043] This invention also discloses a method for intelligent control of airflow combined with shaft diameter at the tunnel face, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Install the intelligent airflow control device for the tunnel face shaft diameter: Connect the intelligent airflow control device for the tunnel face shaft diameter to the air compressor of the tunneling machine; Step 2: Fully extend and hang the telescopic duct: Pull out the wire rope 4-4. The extended end of the wire rope 4-4 passes around the pulley 4-2 and is connected to the anchor cable at the rear of the telescopic duct 6 through the hook. At this time, the spring drum 4-1 stores power, and the telescopic duct 6 is fully extended and hung up to prevent the telescopic duct 6 from bending excessively and increasing wind resistance. Step 3: Optimize the flow field distribution by distributing axial and radial airflow: When the wind speed is insufficient, the axial diameter opening and closing mechanism 1 reduces the diameter of the axial outlet of the telescopic ventilation duct 6, increases the airflow speed, increases the range, and thus makes up for the problem of insufficient effective transport distance, ensuring that the wind speed at the tunnel face meets the safety regulations. When the wind speed is too high, the axial diameter opening and closing mechanism 1 expands the diameter of the axial air outlet of the telescopic air duct 6, the axial airflow speed decreases, and its effective range decreases accordingly, which can suppress the phenomenon that the airflow bypasses the baffle and escapes from the other side due to the excessive axial wind speed. When it is necessary to adjust the deflection angle of the air compressor, the axial horizontal deflection mechanism 2 deflects the airflow direction of the axial outlet of the telescopic air compressor 6, so that more airflow is introduced into the cutting area from the return air side of the rubber baffle, reducing the direct escape of dust-laden airflow to the return air side, thereby reducing the dust concentration entering the work area. When it is necessary to increase the radial air volume, the radial air distribution adjustment mechanism 3 increases the radial air outlet of the telescopic air duct 6, the radial opening area increases, the axial air volume decreases accordingly, the axial wind speed and range decrease, and at the same time the radial air volume increases, enhancing the lateral air supply capacity to the cutting area, reducing the airflow intensity blowing towards the front direction, making it easier for the front area covered by the rubber baffle to form a local negative pressure environment, which is conducive to the dust gathering towards the dust collection system. Adjust the axial and radial air volume distribution according to the actual site conditions and needs, thereby optimizing the flow field distribution; Step 4, unloading the telescopic ventilation duct: First disconnect the connection between the telescopic ventilation duct 6 and the air compressor. At this time, simply loosen the hook and anchor cable of the wire rope 4-4, and the telescopic ventilation duct 6 will automatically retract. It should be noted that the intelligent airflow control device for the tunnel face is connected to the compressed air duct of the tunneling machine. The telescopic air duct is fully extended and hung up using the telescopic fixing mechanism. The axial and radial airflow distribution is adjusted according to the actual site conditions and needs, thereby optimizing the flow field distribution. After the operation, the connection between the telescopic air duct and the compressed air duct is disconnected. At this time, it is only necessary to loosen the hook and anchor cable of the wire rope, and the telescopic air duct will automatically retract. On the basis of the original compressed air duct structure, axial size adjustment, direction adjustment, and radial air outlet are added, so that some airflow can bypass the rubber baffle and directly enter the cutting area from the other side, thereby reconstructing the local airflow organization, weakening the return airflow, and effectively reducing the dust concentration in the working area. Through the coordinated adjustment of three key parameters, namely axial diameter, air outlet angle, and radial opening, the axial and radial airflow distribution and flow field structure can be optimized and reconstructed, promoting the formation of a stable negative pressure zone in the tunnel face area, significantly enhancing dust collection efficiency, and ultimately achieving the goal of efficient dust reduction.

[0044] During tunneling machine operation, distance sensors mounted on the sidewalls of the equipment collect real-time data on the distance between the tunneling machine and the compressed air sidewall, thereby identifying the lateral position changes of the tunneling machine within the tunnel cross-section. Based on this data, the PLC controller uses the cut-off area identification results as input and, according to a pre-built rule library for the coordinated control of dust control and two-stage dust collection systems, automatically matches and invokes the control strategy corresponding to the current operating conditions. This rule library is based on the dust generation characteristics and airflow organization requirements under different cut-off areas, setting differentiated control parameters for the airflow dust control device and the primary dust collection control device. The PLC controller can adaptively adjust key operating parameters according to real-time changes in the cutting area. Through shaft diameter joint control, it can synchronously adjust the opening and closing of the axial air outlet, the axial air outlet angle, and the size of the radial air outlet, thereby achieving coordinated and intelligent operation of dust control and the two-stage dust collection system. This shaft diameter joint control method can make the axial airflow and radial airflow form the best match, dynamically adapt to changes in the cutting area, effectively avoid the mismatch between dust suppression efficiency and energy consumption under traditional fixed parameter control, and further improve dust control effect and ventilation efficiency.

[0045] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation on the present invention. Any simple modifications, alterations, or equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel face shaft diameter combined airflow intelligent control device, characterized in that: include Axial diameter opening and closing mechanism (1) is used to realize the opening and closing of the axial air outlet of the air compressor. Axial horizontal deflection mechanism (2) is used to achieve angular deflection of the axial air outlet of the air compressor. The radial air distribution adjustment mechanism (3) is used to adjust the size of the radial air outlet of the air compressor. The telescopic fixing mechanism is used to fix the telescopic air duct (6) to the air pressure duct. The load-bearing support mechanism is used to provide load-bearing support for the axial horizontal deflection mechanism (2), the radial air distribution adjustment mechanism (3), and the air duct telescopic fixing mechanism.

2. The intelligent airflow control device for combined shaft diameter control on a tunnel face according to claim 1, characterized in that: The load-bearing support mechanism includes a load-bearing plate (5), a first support frame (7) is fixedly connected to the front end of the load-bearing plate (5), a second support frame (8) is fixedly connected to the rear end of the load-bearing plate (5), and a third support frame (9) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the load-bearing plate (5).

3. The intelligent airflow control device for combined shaft diameter control on a tunnel face according to claim 2, characterized in that: The axial diameter opening and closing mechanism (1) includes a ring-shaped blade frame (1-3). Multiple blades (1-1) are mounted circumferentially on the inner wall of the blade frame (1-3) via hinges (1-8). Multiple wheel seats (1-11) for mounting rollers (1-9) or gears (1-6) are mounted circumferentially on the outer wall of the blade frame (1-3). An inner gear frame (1-10) for meshing with the gear (1-6) is supported on the outer periphery of the multiple rollers (1-9). A keel frame (1-2) is fixed on the outer wall of the blade (1-1). The keel frame (1-2) is connected to the outer wall of the inner gear frame (1-10) via a connecting rod (1-5). Universal joints (1-4) are installed at both ends of the connecting rod (1-5) that are connected to the keel frame (1-2) and the outer wall of the inner gear frame (1-10). The gear (1-6) is driven by a first servo motor (1-7).

4. The intelligent airflow control device for combined shaft diameter control on a tunnel face according to claim 3, characterized in that: The axial horizontal deflection mechanism (2) includes a bottom rotating disk (2-2), which is mounted on a load-bearing plate (5) via roller bearings (2-4). A rotating shaft (2-3) is installed at the central axis of the bottom rotating disk (2-2). A wind tunnel frame (2-5) is provided on the outside of the rotating shaft (2-3). The outside of the wind tunnel frame (2-5) is connected to an internal gear frame (1-10), and the inside of the wind tunnel frame (2-5) is connected to a telescopic adjustable wind tunnel (2-6). A first servo motor (1-7) is mounted on the wind tunnel frame (2-5). The bottom rotating disk (2-2) is connected to a first motor push rod (2-7), which is driven by a second servo motor (2-1) mounted on the load-bearing plate (5).

5. The intelligent airflow control device for combined shaft diameter control on a tunnel face according to claim 4, characterized in that: The radial air distribution adjustment mechanism (3) includes a retainer (3-10) for installing the outer blades (3-6) and the air duct cloth (3-9). The retainer (3-10) is provided with a plate (3-4) and a frame (3-5) for installing the inner blades (3-3). The bottom of the frame (3-5) is connected to the frame track (3-7) through the track wheel (3-8). The frame track (3-7) is connected to the plate (3-4) at the bottom of the retainer (3-10). The front side of the frame (3-5) is connected to the third servo motor (3-1) through the second motor push rod (3-2). The two ends of the retainer (3-10) are connected to the telescopic adjustment air duct (2-6) and the telescopic air duct (6) respectively. The retainer (3-10) is connected to the first support frame (7) and the second support frame (8) through the plate (3-4).

6. The intelligent airflow control device for combined shaft diameter control on a tunnel face according to claim 2, characterized in that: The telescopic fixing mechanism of the air duct includes a pulley (4-2) installed on the top of the first support frame (7) and the second support frame (8), and a spring drum (4-1) and a winding reel (4-3) installed on the third support frame (9). A steel wire rope (4-4) is wound on the winding reel (4-3). The extended end of the steel wire rope (4-4) is connected to a hook. The extended end of the steel wire rope (4-4) passes around the pulley (4-2) and is connected to the anchor cable at the rear of the telescopic air duct (6) through the hook.

7. The intelligent airflow control device for combined shaft diameter control on a tunnel face according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a PLC controller and a laser rangefinder. The laser rangefinder is installed at the front end of the load-bearing support mechanism and is used to detect the distance between the device and the tunnel face. The laser rangefinder is connected to the input terminal of the PLC controller. The first servo motor (1-7), the second servo motor (2-1), and the third servo motor (3-1) are all controlled by the PLC controller, which is a Siemens S7-200smart PLC controller.

8. A method for intelligent control of combined shaft diameter and airflow at a tunnel face using the device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Install the intelligent airflow control device for the tunnel face shaft diameter: Connect the intelligent airflow control device for the tunnel face shaft diameter to the air compressor of the tunneling machine; Step 2: Fully unfold and hang up the telescopic duct: Pull out the wire rope (4-4), and after the extended end of the wire rope (4-4) passes around the pulley (4-2), it is connected to the anchor cable at the rear of the telescopic duct (6) through the hook. At this time, the spring drum (4-1) stores power, and the telescopic duct (6) is fully unfolded and hung up to prevent the telescopic duct (6) from bending excessively and increasing wind resistance. Step 3: Optimize the flow field distribution by distributing axial and radial airflow: When the wind speed is insufficient, the axial diameter opening and closing mechanism (1) reduces the diameter of the axial outlet of the telescopic ventilation duct (6), increases the airflow speed, increases the range, and thus makes up for the problem of insufficient effective transport distance, ensuring that the wind speed at the tunnel face meets the safety regulations. When the wind speed is too high, the axial diameter opening and closing mechanism (1) expands the diameter of the axial air outlet of the telescopic wind duct (6), the axial airflow speed decreases, and its effective range decreases accordingly, which can suppress the phenomenon that the airflow bypasses the baffle and escapes from the other side due to the excessive axial wind speed. When it is necessary to adjust the deflection angle of the air compressor, the axial horizontal deflection mechanism (2) deflects the airflow direction of the axial outlet of the telescopic air compressor (6) so that more airflow is introduced into the cutting area from the return air side of the rubber baffle, reducing the direct escape of dust-laden airflow to the return air side, thereby reducing the dust concentration entering the working area. When it is necessary to increase the radial air volume, the radial air distribution adjustment mechanism (3) increases the radial air outlet of the telescopic air duct (6), the radial opening area increases, the axial air volume decreases accordingly, the axial wind speed and range decrease, and the radial air volume increases, enhancing the lateral air supply capacity to the cutting area, reducing the airflow intensity blowing towards the front direction, making it easier for the front area covered by the rubber baffle to form a local negative pressure environment, which is conducive to the dust gathering towards the dust collection system. Adjust the axial and radial air volume distribution according to the actual site conditions and needs, thereby optimizing the flow field distribution; Step 4, unloading the telescopic ventilation duct: First disconnect the connection between the telescopic ventilation duct (6) and the air compressor. At this time, simply loosen the hook and anchor cable of the wire rope (4-4), and the telescopic ventilation duct (6) will automatically retract.

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