A method for preparing chromium-free flocking powder by using chromium-containing uniform shaving

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of method for preparing chrome-free flocking powder using chromium-containing uniform shaving leather scrap.First, the chromium-containing uniform shaving leather scrap is crushed and water is added to make a uniform slurry, then the slurry is chrome-free tanned and chromium is removed, and through the processes of re-filling, dyeing, fatting, centrifugal dewatering, drying, roughening and screening, finally the excellent performance chrome-free flocking powder product is obtained.The present application converts the chromium-containing uniform shaving leather scrap into high-value and widely used powder-like flocking powder with simple process, low cost and high production efficiency, which has a smooth and smooth hand feeling and can give the electrostatic flocking product a good leather feeling, and has a good market prospect.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of leather and solid waste disposal, and particularly relates to a method for preparing chrome-free flocking powder from chrome-containing shaving leather. BACKGROUND

[0002] China has developed into the processing center and trade center of the world leather industry, with an annual processing leather of 720 million square meters, accounting for about 1 / 4 of the total world leather output, and the leather products such as leather shoes, leather clothes and leather goods accounting for more than 1 / 2 of the world output.

[0003] The generation of leather solid waste runs through the production, processing and consumption of leather products. Due to the processes such as skinning, shaving, grinding and edge rounding, a large amount of leather solid waste is generated in the leather production process. In addition, a large amount of cutting waste is inevitably generated in the processing of leather products into clothing, shoes and bags. Like other consumer goods, leather products have a certain service life and will be discarded as leather garbage when they become worn out. Therefore, all leather products produced and sold on the market will eventually become leather waste.

[0004] These leather solid wastes mainly composed of protein will rot and deteriorate after a long time of stacking, and the toxic chromium salt and dyes and other chemical materials will be released and pollute the environment. In the process of protein rotting and deterioration, harmful gases containing aldehydes, nitrogen and sulfur will also be released. The organic matter generated by leather waste will also cause serious pollution to the ecological environment when it enters the water body. In short, the stacking treatment of leather solid waste is a great waste of resources. How to develop and utilize and convert pollutants into useful resources to avoid pollution and harm to the environment is an important issue that we must solve.

[0005] At present, the comprehensive utilization of leather waste at home and abroad mainly focuses on the hydrolysis of leather waste to extract water-soluble collagen protein. These collagen proteins can be directly used as other industrial raw materials, or modified and used as leather or other industrial raw materials. For example, small molecular materials such as aldehyde, chromium-aluminum, alcohol amine or aldehyde acid can be used to modify the active groups of collagen protein to prepare leather tanning aids. Alkenyl monomers can also be used to graft copolymerize and modify collagen protein to prepare leather finishing agents or re-tanning agents. Polyurethane prepolymer, amino resin prepolymer or phenolic resin prepolymer can also be used to modify collagen protein to prepare leather fillers. The modified collagen protein can be blended with high molecular polymers to prepare collagen protein composite fibers and other materials. These general methods of comprehensive utilization of leather waste have some advantages, but also have the following disadvantages:

[0006] (1) The production cost of extracted collagen is high. The extraction of collagen is carried out in an aqueous solution. Because the density of leather waste is low, a large amount of water is used, and the concentration of the obtained collagen solution is low, resulting in high drying cost. In addition, a large amount of chemical materials and heat are consumed in the extraction process of collagen, which makes the production cost of collagen high and limits its application in low-value-added products.

[0007] (2) The application field of the extracted collagen is limited. Because a large amount of chemical materials are used in the leather production process, the collagen obtained by hydrolysis from leather waste inevitably contains some substances harmful to the human body, and cannot be used as raw materials for food and cosmetics. In addition, collagen itself has almost no film-forming property and retanning filling property. In the modification of finishing agents or retanning agent filling materials, the film-forming property and retanning filling property of the modified materials are almost completely relied on to make up for the deficiency of collagen, which leads to the limited performance of the obtained modified materials and limits the application range.

[0008] (3) The extraction process of collagen is easy to cause secondary pollution. Because the coordination between part of chromium salt and leather collagen is very firm, theoretically, there will always be a part of collagen that cannot be completely separated from chromium, resulting in a large amount of chromium-containing residues. The harmless treatment of chromium-containing residues is difficult, and if not properly treated, it will cause secondary pollution. In addition, when strong alkali method is used to extract collagen from leather solid waste, part of trivalent chromium will be converted to highly toxic hexavalent chromium under high pH value and high temperature conditions, which may also cause secondary pollution.

[0009] (4) Dyeing leather waste cannot be effectively treated. Dyeing leather waste has very complex composition, and it is difficult to obtain pure collagen by hydrolysis or de-chroming method, which is one of the main reasons why dyeing leather waste is difficult to be resourcefully utilized.

[0010] Static flocking mainly uses high-voltage electrostatic field to plant fluff on the surface of various base fabrics. A layer of flocking adhesive is generally coated on the base fabric in advance, and the fluff is adhered to the surface of the base fabric under the action of the adhesive. After the adhesive is cured, the static flocking product can be obtained. Some people have developed a method for making powder-like fluff for static flocking from waste chromium-containing leather scraps (see Chinese patents CN108978083A and CN106245253A). The specific process is as follows:

[0011] (1) The waste chromium-containing leather scraps are crushed into granular form, and then sieved with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain fine and uniform powder. The powder is placed in an oven and dried at 60°C until the moisture content is 48% to obtain granules, and then the granules are further dried at 60°C until the moisture content is 20% to obtain dry powder.

[0012] (2) Put the dry powder above in a constant temperature and humidity environment with temperature of 20℃ and humidity of 60% for 105 days, and then sieve the powder with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain fine and uniform powder.

[0013] (3) Weigh the powder obtained in step (2), immerse the weighed powder in an acetone solution, and then add 0.05wt% of a feel agent (such as F-540). Stir the mixture for 30 minutes and then drain the liquid.

[0014] (4) Put the soaked powder into a cylinder, first add 1wt% of a degreasing agent (such as JFC-1) and stir for 20 minutes, then add 1.5wt% of a fatty alcohol polyethylene glycol ether and stir for 20 minutes, continue to add 1wt% of sodium bicarbonate, 4wt% of sodium formate, and 0.5wt% of sodium citrate and stir for 30 minutes, then add 2wt% of a dye (such as acid black) and 1.2wt% of a fixing agent (such as BWD-01) and stir for 25 minutes. After the reaction is complete, add 1.5wt% of a dye to the cylinder and heat to 50℃ and stir for 25 minutes, then add 1wt% of a fixing agent and stir for 8 minutes, then add 7wt% of sulfonated natural oil and stir for 40 minutes, continue to add 4.5wt% of sodium chloride and stir for 5 minutes, and finally add 0.8wt% of a lubricant (such as SP-7145) and stir for 40 minutes. Drain the cylinder and dehydrate to a water content of not more than 50%, and continue to dry at 60℃ until the water content is 15%, thereby obtaining powder-like flock that meets the requirements for electrostatic flocking.

[0015] From the process flow, it can be found that the above method has problems such as long production cycle, low efficiency, high cost, many types of chemical reagents and large amount of use, and the final product still contains chromium. Therefore, the inventors' team continued to overcome difficulties and successfully developed a new method for preparing chromium-free flock powder from chromium-containing uniformed leather scraps. The powder-like flock prepared by the method has a smooth and smooth feel, can give related electrostatic flocking products a good genuine leather feel, and greatly enriches the treatment methods and means of leather solid waste. SUMMARY

[0016] The purpose of the present application is to provide a method for preparing chromium-free flock powder from chromium-containing uniformed leather scraps, which comprises the following steps: first crushing the chromium-containing uniformed leather scraps and making them into pulp by grinding, and then sequentially performing chromium-free tanning, de-chromization, re-tanning, dyeing and fat-liquoring, dehydration and drying, and fluffing on the pulp, to finally obtain chromium-free flock powder.

[0017] Further, the preparation process of the pulp is as follows: collecting the chromium-containing uniformed leather scraps and crushing them into particles, and then adding water to grind the pulp, thereby obtaining uniformly dispersed pulp.

[0018] Further, the solid content of the pulp obtained by the grinding is 1%-5%, preferably 2%; the equipment used for the grinding is a high-concentration grinding machine, and the particle size of the ground leather particles is not more than 1 mm.

[0019] Further, the specific process of the chrome-free tanning is as follows: first, a chrome-free tanning agent is added to the pulp obtained by the high-concentration grinding, and the pulp is stirred thoroughly; then, baking soda is added to adjust the pH of the pulp to be slightly acidic, and the stirring is continued for 2-5 hours.

[0020] Further, the chrome-free tanning agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of aldehyde tanning agents, organic phosphorus tanning agents, epoxy tanning agents, and active chlorine tanning agents, and the addition amount is 3%-8% of the mass of the ground leather containing chromium; the baking soda is added in multiple times (2-3 times) with an interval of 5-25 minutes, and the total addition amount is 1%-5% of the mass of the ground leather containing chromium; and the pH of the pulp is adjusted to be 4-5.

[0021] Further, the specific process of the chrome removal is as follows: an alkaline material (such as calcium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide) is added to the pulp after the chrome-free tanning until the pH is above 12, the solid-liquid separation is performed after a period of treatment, the waste liquid is collected and reused, then the water is changed, an acidic material (such as concentrated sulfuric acid) is added to control the pH of the pulp to be acidic (pH=2-3), the solid-liquid separation is performed after a period of stirring, and the leather particles are repeatedly washed until the chromium content in the washing liquid is not more than 5 ppm.

[0022] Further, the addition amount of the alkaline material is 0.5%-5% of the mass of the ground leather containing chromium.

[0023] Further, the specific process of the retanning is as follows: the leather particles after the chrome removal are prepared into a pulp again, an alkaline material is added to adjust the pH to 5, and a retanning agent is added, which is 3%-10% of the mass of the ground leather containing chromium, and the stirring is continued.

[0024] Further, the retanning agent used in the retanning is the same as that used in the chrome-free tanning, and the total addition amount of the tanning agent in the two-step tanning process is 9% of the mass of the ground leather containing chromium.

[0025] Further, the specific process of the dyeing and fat-liquoring is as follows: a dye (such as an amphoteric leveling agent, acid black), which is 0.5%-3% of the mass of the ground leather containing chromium, a fat-liquoring agent (such as TJ-F5193, TJ-F9668), which is 2%-6% of the mass of the ground leather containing chromium, and a mildew-proof agent (such as TJ-R2239), which is 0.1%-0.5% of the mass of the ground leather containing chromium, are added to the pulp, and the stirring is continued; then, an acidic material (such as formic acid) is added to adjust the pH of the pulp to be 4.

[0026] Further, the specific process of dehydration drying and roughening is as follows: the slurry is centrifuged to be dehydrated, then water is repeatedly added and centrifuged for several times until the chromium content of the water is not more than 5 ppm, the obtained leather scraps are fully dried and roughened by a roughening machine, and are screened, and finally the chromium-free flocking powder is obtained.

[0027] Further, the rotation speed of the centrifugal machine during dehydration is 8000-15000 rpm, preferably 12000 rpm; the water washing during centrifugal dehydration is performed 4-5 times, the drying temperature of the leather scraps is 50-70℃, preferably 60℃.

[0028] Further, the particle size of the flocking powder is not more than 1 mm, the moisture content is not more than 12%, and the chromium content is less than 5 ppm.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the progress effect of the present application mainly embodies in the following aspects:

[0030] (1) The method for preparing the chromium-containing evenly cut leather scrap powder is simpler and more efficient, and no longer needs multiple drying and long-time constant temperature and humidity standing treatment, and the target powder is quickly prepared by preparing the slurry and grinding;

[0031] (2) Water is used as the solvent and carrier, the use of chemical raw materials such as acetone and fatty alcohol polyethylene ether is reduced, the pollution of these substances to the environment and the residual of these substances in the powder-like flocking product are avoided, and the green and environmental protection concept is more in line with;

[0032] (3) The recycling and reuse of the chromium-containing evenly cut leather scrap resources are maximized, and the powder-like flocking product with high economic value is converted, the powder-like flocking product has a delicate and smooth hand feeling and can give the electrostatic flocking product a good genuine leather feeling, and more importantly, the powder-like flocking product almost does not contain chromium (the chromium content is very low), so the powder-like flocking product has a wide range of uses;

[0033] (4) The whole process is relatively simple and low in cost, and can be mass produced in industry, thereby providing a new idea for the disposal of leather solid waste. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 The process flow chart of the method of the present application is shown in the figure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order for those skilled in the art to fully understand the technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present application, the following further describes the present application in combination with specific embodiments and drawings.

[0036] The following table shows the abbreviations and explanations of the related raw materials involved in each embodiment of the present application, which are all commercially available.

[0037]

[0038] Example 1

[0039] (1) Breaking and pulping: 100 kg of chromium-containing uniform shaving was broken into particles, and then 4900 kg of water was added to stir evenly, to obtain a slurry with a concentration of about 2%. The slurry was pumped into a high-concentration refiner for refining, and the gap between the high-concentration refiner discs was adjusted to 1 mm for passage refining.

[0040] (2) Chrome-free tanning: The slurry obtained by high-concentration refining was transferred to a tank and stirred at a speed of 30 r / min, and then 5.0% of TWS chrome-free tanning agent based on the mass of the chromium-containing uniform shaving was added, and stirring was continued for 3 hours. Then 2.0% of baking soda based on the mass of the chromium-containing uniform shaving was added in 2-3 times, with an interval of 15 minutes each time, and the pH of the slurry at the end point was 5.

[0041] (3) Chromium removal: 5% of alkaline material based on the mass of the chromium-containing uniform shaving was added to the slurry after chrome-free tanning until the pH exceeded 12, and after a certain period of treatment, the solid-liquid separation was performed and the waste liquid was collected for reuse. Then the water was changed and acidic material was added to control the pH of the slurry to between 2 and 3, and after sufficient stirring, the solid-liquid separation was performed and the shaving was repeatedly washed until the chromium content in the washing liquid was not more than 5 ppm.

[0042] (4) Retanning: The shaving after chromium removal was prepared into a slurry again, 5% of TWS chrome-free tanning agent based on the mass of the chromium-containing uniform shaving was added after adjusting the pH to 5 by adding alkaline material, and the stirring was performed.

[0043] (5) Dyeing and fat-liquoring: 2% of TJ-A619 and 1% of sodium formate based on the mass of the chromium-containing uniform shaving were added to the slurry, and after stirring for 20 minutes, 2.5% of acid black dye based on the mass of the chromium-containing uniform shaving was added, and the stirring was continued for 90 minutes, and then the fat-liquoring process was performed. The slurry was stirred at a speed of 30 r / min, and 2% of TJ-A9981, 2% of TJ-F5193, 3% of TJ-F9668, and 0.1% of TJ-R2239 based on the mass of the chromium-containing uniform shaving were added in turn, and after stirring for 1 hour, 4% of R83 and 2% of TGR based on the mass of the chromium-containing uniform shaving were added, and the stirring was continued for 1 hour, and then 1.5% of formic acid based on the mass of the chromium-containing uniform shaving was added in multiple times, and the end point pH was controlled to be 4.0.

[0044] (6) Dewatering, drying, and roughening: The slurry after fat-liquoring was centrifuged to dewater, and the centrifuge speed was 12000 r / min. After dewatering until almost no water flowed out, water was added to the centrifuge for 4-5 times until the chromium content in the outflowing water was less than 5 ppm. The shaving inside the centrifuge was taken out, dried at 60°C for about 8 hours, and then roughened by a roughening machine and sieved, thereby obtaining chrome-free flock powder.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] 1) Pulverization and slurry preparation: 100 kg of chromium-containing uniform shaving was pulverized into granules, and then 4900 kg of water was added to stir evenly to obtain a slurry with a concentration of about 2%. The slurry was pumped into a high-concentration grinding machine for grinding, and the gap between the high-concentration grinding discs was adjusted to 1 mm for passage grinding.

[0047] (2) Chrome-free tanning: The slurry obtained by high-concentration grinding was transferred to a pool and stirred at a speed of 30 r / min, and then 6.0% of TWS chrome-free tanning agent based on the mass of the chromium-containing uniform shaving was added, and stirring was continued for 3 hours. Then, 2.0% of baking soda based on the mass of the chromium-containing uniform shaving was added in 2-3 times, with an interval of 15 minutes each time, and the pH of the slurry at the end point was 5.0.

[0048] (3) Chromium removal: 5% of alkaline material based on the mass of the chromium-containing uniform shaving was added to the slurry after chrome-free tanning until the pH exceeded 12, and after a certain period of treatment, solid-liquid separation was performed and the waste liquid was collected for reuse. Then, the water was changed and acidic material was added to control the pH of the slurry to between 2 and 3. After sufficient stirring, solid-liquid separation was performed and the shaving was repeatedly washed until the chromium content in the washing liquid was less than 5 ppm.

[0049] (4) Retanning: The shaving after chromium removal was prepared into a slurry again, 5% of alkaline material was added to adjust the pH to 5, and then 3% of TWS chrome-free tanning agent based on the mass of the chromium-containing uniform shaving was added and stirred thoroughly.

[0050] (5) Dyeing and fatliquoring: 2% of TJ-A619 and 1% of sodium formate based on the mass of the chromium-containing uniform shaving were added to the slurry, and after stirring for 20 minutes, 2.5% of acid black dye based on the mass of the chromium-containing uniform shaving was added, and stirring was continued for 90 minutes. Then, the fatliquoring process was performed, and the slurry was stirred at a speed of 30 r / min. 2% of TJ-A9981, 2% of TJ-F5193, 3% of TJ-F9668, and 0.1% of TJ-R2239 based on the mass of the chromium-containing uniform shaving were added in sequence, and after stirring for 1 hour, 4% of R83 and 2% of TGR based on the mass of the chromium-containing uniform shaving were added, and stirring was continued for 1 hour. Then, 1.5% of formic acid based on the mass of the chromium-containing uniform shaving was added in multiple times, and the final pH was controlled to 4.0.

[0051] (6) Dewatering, drying, and roughening: The slurry after fatliquoring was centrifuged to remove water, and the centrifuge speed was 12000 r / min. After dewatering until almost no water flowed out, water was added to the centrifuge for 4-5 times until the chromium content in the outflowing water was less than 5 ppm. The shaving inside the centrifuge was taken out, dried at 60°C for about 8 hours, and then roughened by a roughening machine and sieved, thereby obtaining chrome-free flock powder.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] 1) Pulverization and slurry preparation: 100 kg of chromium-containing uniform shaving was pulverized into granules, and then 4900 kg of water was added to stir evenly to obtain a slurry with a concentration of about 2%. The slurry was pumped into a high-concentration grinding machine for grinding, and the gap between the high-concentration grinding discs was adjusted to 1 mm for passage grinding.

[0054] (2) Chrome-free tanning: The slurry obtained by high-concentration grinding was transferred to a pool and stirred at a speed of 30 r / min, and then T8020 organic phosphorus tanning agent equivalent to 5.0% of the mass of chromium-containing uniform shaving was added, and stirring was continued for 3 hours. Then, baking soda equivalent to 2.0% of the mass of chromium-containing uniform shaving was added in 2-3 times, with an interval of 15 minutes each time, and the pH of the slurry at the end point was 5.0.

[0055] (3) Chromium removal: Alkaline material equivalent to 4.5% of the mass of chromium-containing uniform shaving was added to the slurry after chrome-free tanning until the pH exceeded 12, and after a certain period of treatment, solid-liquid separation was performed and the waste liquid was collected for reuse. Then, water was changed and acidic material was added to control the pH of the slurry to between 2 and 3, and after sufficient stirring, solid-liquid separation was performed and the shaving was repeatedly washed until the chromium content in the washing liquid was less than 5 ppm.

[0056] (4) Retanning: The shaving after chromium removal was prepared into a slurry again, alkaline material was added to adjust the pH to 5, and then T8020 organic phosphorus tanning agent equivalent to 4% of the mass of chromium-containing uniform shaving was added and stirred thoroughly.

[0057] (5) Dyeing and fatliquoring: TJ-A619 equivalent to 2% of the mass of chromium-containing uniform shaving, 1% of sodium formate, 2.5% of acid black dye equivalent to the mass of chromium-containing uniform shaving, and 4% of R83 and 2% of TGR equivalent to the mass of chromium-containing uniform shaving were added to the slurry, and the slurry was stirred at a speed of 30 r / min. After stirring for 1 hour, TJ-A9981 equivalent to 2% of the mass of chromium-containing uniform shaving, TJ-F5193 equivalent to 2% of the mass of chromium-containing uniform shaving, TJ-F9668 equivalent to 3% of the mass of chromium-containing uniform shaving, and TJ-R2239 equivalent to 0.1% of the mass of chromium-containing uniform shaving were added in sequence, and then formic acid equivalent to 1.5% of the mass of chromium-containing uniform shaving was added in multiple times, and the final pH was controlled to 4.0.

[0058] (6) Dehydration, drying, and roughening: The slurry after fatliquoring was centrifuged to remove water, and the centrifuge speed was 12000 r / min. After dehydration until almost no water flowed out, water was added to the centrifuge for 4-5 times until the chromium content in the outflowing water was less than 5 ppm. The shaving inside the centrifuge was taken out, dried at 60°C for about 8 hours, and then roughened by a roughening machine and sieved, thereby obtaining chrome-free flock powder.

[0059] The chromium content in the chromium-containing solid waste of cut leather scraps to be treated by the present application is more than 6%, and the chromium content in the flocking powder obtained after the above process is not more than 5 ppm, which not only solves the disposal problem of leather solid waste and realizes waste-to-resource, but also contributes to the sustainable development of the leather industry.

Claims

1. A method for preparing chromium-free flocking powder using chromium-containing shavings, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: First, the chromium-containing shavings are crushed into a slurry. Then, the slurry is subjected to chromium-free tanning, dechromium removal, retanning, dyeing and fatliquoring, dehydration and drying, and dehairing treatment in sequence to finally obtain chromium-free flocking powder. The dechromium removal process is as follows: Alkaline materials are added to the chromium-free tanned slurry until the pH is above 12. After solid-liquid separation, the waste liquid is collected and reused. Then, the water is changed and acidic materials are added to control the pH of the slurry to 2-3 while stirring thoroughly. Finally, solid-liquid separation is performed and the shavings are washed repeatedly.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The preparation process of the slurry is as follows: collect chromium-containing shavings and crush them into particles, then add water and grind them into a slurry to obtain a slurry with a solid content of 1%-5%, wherein the particle size of the shavings in the slurry does not exceed 1 mm.

3. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The chromium-free tanning process is as follows: First, add 3%-8% of the weight of chromium-containing shavings to the slurry and stir thoroughly. Then, add 1%-5% of the weight of chromium-containing shavings in several batches of baking soda to adjust the pH of the slurry to 4-5 and continue stirring.

4. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that: During the dechromium removal process, the amount of alkaline material added is equivalent to 0.5%-5% of the mass of chromium-containing shavings. The shavings are repeatedly washed until the chromium content in the washing solution does not exceed 5 ppm.

5. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The retanning process is as follows: the dechromium-removed leather scraps are re-prepared into a slurry, an alkaline material is added to adjust the pH to 5, and then a retanning agent equivalent to 3%-10% of the mass of the chromium-containing shavings is added and stirred thoroughly.

6. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The dyeing and fatliquoring process is as follows: Add dye, fatliquoring agent, and mildew inhibitor equivalent to 0.5%-3% of the weight of chromium-containing shavings, 2%-6% of dye, and mildew inhibitor to the sizing agent and stir thoroughly. Then add acidic materials to adjust the pH of the sizing agent to 4.

7. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The chromium-free tanning agent is selected from at least one of aldehyde tanning agents, organophosphorus tanning agents, epoxy tanning agents, and active chlorine tanning agents.

8. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The dehydration, drying, and deburring process is as follows: the slurry is centrifuged to dehydrate, then water is added for washing until the chromium content in the effluent is below 5 ppm. The leather scraps are then removed and dried thoroughly at 50-70℃, and finally deburred and sieved.

9. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The chromium-free flocking powder has a particle size of no more than 1 mm, a moisture content of no more than 12%, and a chromium content of less than 5 ppm.

10. A flocking powder, characterized in that: The flocking powder is prepared according to any one of claims 1-9.

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