A method and apparatus for preparing a quantum state of non-uniform information

Abstract

The application discloses a quantum state preparation method and device for non-uniform information, and the method comprises the following steps: firstly, obtaining non-uniform information; then, converting each element in a data vector corresponding to the non-uniform information into a first data and a second data; obtaining first quantum state information according to first information and a sub-quantum state preparation circuit; obtaining second quantum state information according to second information stored in a quantum random access circuit; and finally, evolving the first quantum state information and the second quantum state information based on an amplitude amplification quantum circuit to obtain a target quantum state containing the non-uniform information. The target quantum state is obtained by converting a data vector to be prepared, and constructing a sub-quantum state preparation circuit and an amplitude amplification quantum circuit, so that the number of times of amplitude amplification of quantum state preparation is reduced, and the depth and the number of operations of the quantum state preparation circuit for preparing non-uniform information are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of quantum computing technology, specifically a method and apparatus for preparing quantum states of non-uniform information. Background Technology

[0002] A quantum computer is a physical device that performs high-speed mathematical and logical operations, stores and processes quantum information in accordance with the laws of quantum mechanics. When a device processes and calculates quantum information and runs quantum algorithms, it is a quantum computer. Because of its ability to process mathematical problems more efficiently than ordinary computers—for example, reducing the time to crack RSA keys from hundreds of years to hours—quantum computers have become a key technology under research.

[0003] Quantum computing simulation is a simulation program that uses numerical computation and computer science to simulate computations that follow the laws of quantum mechanics. As a simulation program, it uses the high-speed computing power of computers to characterize the spacetime evolution of quantum states based on the fundamental laws of quantum bits in quantum mechanics.

[0004] Quantum state preparation is an essential component of many high-order quantum algorithms, such as quantum walks, Hamiltonian simulations, data fitting, and equation solving. These algorithms require encoding the data vector to be prepared onto qubits. Since the distribution of the data vector is mostly non-uniform, the proportion of the quantum state obtained from a single transformation operation in the entire Hilbert space is finite and cannot fill the entire space. It is necessary to gradually amplify the proportion of the desired target quantum state through quantum logic gates and multiple amplitude amplification operations until the entire space is filled, at which point a deterministic target quantum state is obtained. This results in current quantum state preparation schemes for non-uniform information requiring a large number of qubits, deep quantum circuits, numerous amplitude amplification operations, complex preparation schemes, and low practicality. Therefore, it is necessary to implement a new method for quantum state preparation to address the shortcomings of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus for preparing quantum states of non-uniform information to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art. It reduces the number of amplitude amplification steps in quantum state preparation and the depth and number of operations of the quantum state preparation circuit for preparing non-uniform information by transforming the data vector to be prepared and constructing a sub-quantum state preparation circuit and an amplitude amplification quantum circuit.

[0006] One embodiment of this application provides a method for preparing quantum states of non-uniform information, the method comprising:

[0007] Obtain non-uniform information, wherein the non-uniform information is represented in the form of a data vector;

[0008] Each element in the data vector is transformed into a representation of first data and second data, wherein each of the first data is uniformly distributed to form first information and each of the second data is non-uniformly distributed to form second information.

[0009] Based on the first information and the sub-quantum state preparation circuit, the first quantum state information is obtained, and based on the second information stored in the quantum random access circuit, the second quantum state information is obtained.

[0010] Based on the evolution of the first quantum state information and the second quantum state information using the amplitude amplification quantum circuit, a target quantum state containing the non-uniform information is obtained.

[0011] Optionally, the first information is prepared on the amplitude of the first quantum state information.

[0012] Optionally, the sub-quantum state preparation circuit includes a parametric quantum rotating gate.

[0013] Optionally, the gradient descent method can be used to determine the parameter θ of the parameterized quantum rotation gate. i Iterative optimization is performed, and the amplitude distribution of the first quantum state information corresponding to the parameter is determined based on the extreme value of the preset cost function.

[0014] Optionally, after determining the amplitude distribution of the first quantum state information corresponding to the parameter based on the extreme value of the preset cost function, the method further includes:

[0015] The second information is determined based on the amplitude distribution of the first quantum state information.

[0016] Optionally, the amplitude amplification quantum circuit includes:

[0017] An information extraction sub-circuit is used to extract the second information onto the basis vector of the second quantum state information, and to obtain the third quantum state information based on the first quantum state information and the second quantum state information;

[0018] An information transformation sub-circuit is used to transform the basis vector of the second quantum state information to the amplitude of the specified quantum bit |1> state according to the third quantum state information, so as to obtain the fourth quantum state information;

[0019] An amplitude amplification sub-circuit is used to amplify the amplitude of the specified quantum bit |1> state according to the fourth quantum state information to obtain the fifth quantum state information;

[0020] An information restoration sub-circuit is used to restore the quantum register storing the second information to its initial state according to the fifth quantum state information, thereby obtaining a target quantum state containing non-uniform information. The information restoration sub-circuit is the transpose conjugate of the information extraction sub-circuit.

[0021] Another embodiment of this application provides a quantum state preparation device for non-uniform information, the device comprising:

[0022] An acquisition module is used to acquire non-uniform information, wherein the non-uniform information is represented in the form of a data vector;

[0023] The conversion module is used to convert each element in the data vector into a representation of first data and second data, wherein each of the first data is uniformly distributed to form first information and each of the second data is non-uniformly distributed to form second information.

[0024] The acquisition module is used to obtain first quantum state information based on the first information and the sub-quantum state preparation circuit, and to obtain second quantum state information based on the second information stored in the quantum random access circuit;

[0025] The module is used to evolve the first quantum state information and the second quantum state information based on the amplitude amplification quantum circuit to obtain the target quantum state containing the non-uniform information.

[0026] Another embodiment of this application provides a quantum super cooperative operating system, which realizes the preparation of quantum states of non-uniform information according to the method described in any of the above claims.

[0027] Another embodiment of this application provides a storage medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program is configured to execute the method described in any of the preceding claims when running.

[0028] Another embodiment of this application provides an electronic device including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program and the processor is configured to run the computer program to perform the method described in any of the preceding claims.

[0029] Compared with existing technologies, this invention first acquires non-uniform information, then transforms each element in the data vector corresponding to the non-uniform information into a representation of first data and second data. Based on the first information and the sub-quantum state preparation circuit, the first quantum state information is obtained, and based on the second information stored in the quantum random access circuit, the second quantum state information is obtained. Finally, based on the amplitude amplification quantum circuit, the first and second quantum state information are evolved to obtain the target quantum state containing non-uniform information. By transforming the data vector to be prepared and constructing the sub-quantum state preparation circuit and the amplitude amplification quantum circuit, it reduces the number of amplitude amplification steps in quantum state preparation and reduces the depth and number of operations of the quantum state preparation circuit for preparing non-uniform information. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1This is a system network diagram of a method for preparing quantum states of non-uniform information provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for preparing quantum states of non-uniform information provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a quantum state preparation circuit for preparing non-uniform information provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a quantum state preparation device for non-uniform information provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0035] The present invention first provides a method for preparing quantum states of non-uniform information, which can be applied to electronic devices, such as computer terminals, specifically ordinary computers, quantum computers, etc.

[0036] The following detailed explanation uses a computer terminal as an example. Figure 1 This is a system network block diagram of a method for preparing quantum states of non-uniform information according to an embodiment of the present invention. The system applied to the method for preparing quantum states of non-uniform information may include a network 110, a server 120, a wireless device 130, a client 140, a storage unit 150, a classical processing system 160, a quantum processing system 170, and may also include additional memory, classical processor, quantum processor and other devices not shown.

[0037] Network 110 is a medium that provides communication links between various devices and computers connected together in a system network for quantum state preparation methods applied to non-uniform information. This includes, but is not limited to, the Internet, corporate intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof. The connection method can be wired, wireless communication links, or fiber optic cables.

[0038] Server 120 and client 140 are conventional data processing systems that may contain data and applications or software tools that perform conventional computational processes. Client 140 may be a personal computer or a network computer, so the data may also be provided by server 120. Wireless device 130 may be a smartphone, tablet, laptop, smart wearable device, etc. Storage unit 150 may include database 151, which can be configured to store data such as qubit parameters, quantum logic gate parameters, quantum circuits, and quantum programs.

[0039] The classical processing system 160 (quantum processing system 170) may include a classical processor 161 (quantum processor 171) for processing classical data (quantum data) and a memory 163 (memory 172) for storing classical data (quantum data). The classical data (quantum data) may be a boot file, an operating system image, and an application program 162 (application program 173). The application program 162 (application program 173) may be used to implement a quantum algorithm compiled by the quantum state preparation method for non-uniform information provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0040] Any data or information stored or generated in the classical processing system 160 (quantum processing system 170) can also be configured to be stored or generated in another classical (quantum) processing system in a similar manner, and any application executed therein can also be configured to be executed in another classical (quantum) processing system in a similar manner.

[0041] It should be noted that a true quantum computer has a hybrid structure, which includes at least... Figure 1 The system consists of two main parts: the classical processing system 160, which is responsible for performing classical calculations and control; and the quantum processing system 170, which is responsible for running quantum programs and thus realizing quantum computing.

[0042] The aforementioned classical processing system 160 and quantum processing system 170 can be integrated into a single device or distributed across two different devices. For example, the first device, including the classical processing system 160, runs a classical computer operating system that provides quantum application development tools and services, as well as the storage and network services required for quantum applications. Users develop quantum applications using the quantum application development tools and services on the second device and send the quantum program to the second device, including the quantum processing system 170, via the network services. The second device runs a quantum computer operating system, which parses the code of the quantum program and compiles it into instructions that can be recognized and executed by the quantum computer control system. The quantum processor 170 then implements the quantum algorithm corresponding to the quantum program based on these instructions.

[0043] In the classic silicon-based processing system 160, the units of the classic processor 161 are CMOS transistors. These computing units are not limited by time or coherence; that is, they are available at any time without time constraints. Furthermore, the number of these computing units in a silicon chip is sufficient; currently, a classic processor contains tens of thousands of computing units. The sufficient number of computing units and the fixed selectable computing logic of the CMOS transistors, such as AND logic, allow for computational efficiency through a combination of numerous CMOS transistors and limited logic functions.

[0044] Unlike the logic units in the classical processing system 160, the basic computational unit of the quantum processor 171 in the quantum processing system 170 is the qubit. The input of a qubit is limited by coherence and coherence time; that is, a qubit is limited by its available usage time and is not always readily available. Making full use of qubits within their available usage time is a key challenge in quantum computing. Furthermore, the number of qubits in a quantum computer is one of the representative indicators of its performance. Each qubit performs computational functions through on-demand configured logic functions. Given the limited number of qubits and the diverse logic functions available in quantum computing, such as Hadamard gates (H gates), Pauli-X gates (X gates), Pauli-Y gates (Y gates), Pauli-Z gates (Z gates), X gates, RY gates, RZ gates, CNOT gates, CR gates, iSWAP gates, Tofoli gates, etc., quantum computing requires combining a limited number of qubits with diverse combinations of logic functions to achieve computational effects.

[0045] Based on these differences, the design of logic functions applied to qubits (including the design of whether qubits are used and the design of the efficiency of each qubit) is crucial to improving the computational performance of quantum computers and requires special design. The aforementioned design of qubits is a technical problem that ordinary computing devices do not need to consider or face. In this application, because the distribution of the data vectors to be prepared is mostly non-uniform, the proportion of the quantum state obtained by a single transformation operation in the entire Hilbert space is finite and cannot fill the entire space. It is necessary to gradually amplify the proportion of the desired target quantum state through quantum logic gates and multiple amplitude amplification operations until the entire space is filled, at which point a deterministic target quantum state can be obtained. This results in current non-uniform information quantum state preparation schemes requiring a large number of qubits, deep quantum circuits, numerous amplitude amplification operations, complex preparation schemes, and low practicality, which has become a problem urgently needing to be solved. This application provides a method and apparatus for preparing non-uniform information quantum states to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art. It transforms the data vectors to be prepared, constructs a sub-quantum state preparation circuit and an amplitude amplification quantum circuit, thereby reducing the number of amplitude amplification operations in quantum state preparation and reducing the depth and number of operations in the quantum state preparation circuit for non-uniform information.

[0046] See Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for preparing quantum states of non-uniform information according to an embodiment of the present invention, which may include the following steps:

[0047] S201: Obtain non-uniform information, wherein the non-uniform information is represented in the form of a data vector.

[0048] Specifically, non-uniform information can be obtained through a data sampling system or a pre-set non-uniform database, and the obtained non-uniform information can be represented in the form of data vectors.

[0049] For example, when non-uniform information is obtained through a data sampling system, a non-uniform sampling system can be obtained when the sampling of the input or output channels of the data sampling system does not present equal time intervals. Then, by sampling data through the non-uniform sampling system, non-uniform information with a large difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​and a large number of small values ​​can be obtained.

[0050] S202: Each element in the data vector is transformed into a representation of first data and second data, wherein each of the first data is uniformly distributed to form first information and each of the second data is non-uniformly distributed to form second information.

[0051] Specifically, each element in the data vector is transformed into a representation of first data and second data. For example, each element in the data vector can be transformed into the product of first data and second data. The purpose is to classify the data vector as well as possible. For the first information formed by the uniform distribution of the first data, the first data corresponding to the first information can be limited to a certain range without affecting the original distribution of the first data. It only reduces the dispersion of the first data, making the first data less volatile and the distribution more uniform.

[0052] Before each element in the data vector is transformed into a representation of the first and second data, the data vector can also be preprocessed.

[0053] For example, data vector normalization preprocessing is commonly used in data preprocessing. It's a dimensionless processing method that transforms data vectors with specific properties into relative data vectors with certain relative relationships, thereby reducing the range between data vector values. It operates on data represented as matrices or vectors, using a preset normalization method to compensate for the effects of data unevenness. Its main purpose is to eliminate differences between element values, thus ensuring that the basic structure of the data vector remains unchanged while limiting the data elements to a certain range, making the distribution of the data vector more uniform.

[0054] It should be noted that the normalization method of the preset method may include one or a combination of the extreme value normalization method, the standard score normalization method, and the median normalization method.

[0055] The extreme value normalization method, also known as linear normalization, is a linear transformation of the original data vector, mapping the result value to (0,1) or a user-defined interval. The transformation function can be as follows:

[0056]

[0057] Where max is the maximum value of the original data vector, and min is the minimum value of the original data vector. The drawback of the extreme value normalization method is that when there are individual data elements, such as data with excessively large or small values, max and min may change, thus affecting the processing of the entire data vector. In this case, the extreme values ​​of the extreme value normalization must be redefined to eliminate the influence of individual data.

[0058] The standard score normalization method standardizes the original data vector by taking its mean and standard deviation, making the processed data vector conform to a standard normal distribution. Then, it optimizes the data using the mean and standard deviation and employs parameters. The transformation function is as follows:

[0059]

[0060] Where μ is the mean and σ is the standard deviation.

[0061] Median normalization transforms the original data vector by finding its median and then using the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​as a scaling factor. This transforms the original data vector into a specific interval, typically using zero as the median and the interval being (-1, 1) or a custom range. The transformation function can be:

[0062]

[0063] Where mid is the median of the data vector.

[0064] S203: Based on the first information and the sub-quantum state preparation circuit, obtain the first quantum state information, and based on the second information stored in the quantum random access circuit, obtain the second quantum state information.

[0065] Specifically, the sub-quantum state preparation circuit can be configured with n H-gates of direct product. These H-gates are applied to all qubits in the sub-quantum state preparation circuit to obtain a uniform first quantum state. The initial state of all qubits is |0>, and this uniform first quantum state satisfies... Where n is the number of qubits in the sub-quantum state preparation circuit.

[0066] In an alternative implementation, n parametric quantum rotation gates with direct products can be configured on all qubits of the sub-quantum state preparation circuit to transform the initial state into the first quantum state |Ψ. o >, where the angle vector of the quantum rotating gate θ i ∈(0,π), and then use the gradient descent method to calculate the parameter θ of the quantum rotation gate containing parameters.i Iterative optimization is performed, and the amplitude distribution of the first quantum state information corresponding to the parameter is determined based on the extreme value of the preset cost function.

[0067] For example, n product RY flip gates are configured for n qubits in a sub-quantum state fabrication circuit, and their angle vectors are... And randomly initialized to values ​​between (0, π), the actual quantum state output by this direct product quantum circuit can be Where, x′ i This is the first data point.

[0068] It should be noted that the purpose of the preset cost function is to minimize the difference between the value of each second data point and the maximum value of the second data point. This process involves continuously optimizing the cost function to converge. In order not to affect the optimization effect of the cost function, it is often necessary to set a certain value for the convergence factor of the cost function, that is, the amount by which the cost function value decreases or increases each time should not be too large. Moreover, the smaller the value of the cost function, the closer the distribution of the second data is to a certain product state. Finally, based on the amplitude distribution of the first quantum state information, the second information can be determined.

[0069] Quantum Random Access Memory (QRAM) is a storage system used in quantum computers; it is a quantum version of RAM (Random Access Memory) in classical computers. QRAM is used to create second quantum states containing second information. Compared to RAM, QRAM can read superimposed second information data at superimposed addresses. For example, it can store d0, d1, d2, ..., d... at address [0, m]. m The following second quantum state information can be output through a quantum random access circuit (QRAM): ∑|i>|d i >

[0070] In practical implementation, the architecture of a quantum random access memory (QRAM) typically consists of several parts: quantum storage unit circuits, quantum control unit circuits, quantum error correction unit circuits, and transmission interface unit circuits. The quantum storage unit circuit is the core component of the QRAM, typically using qubits to store information. The quantum control unit circuit is responsible for reading and writing to the quantum storage units. The quantum error correction unit circuit implements the quantum error correction mechanism to ensure data integrity. The transmission interface unit circuit enables data exchange with other computer systems, usually using quantum communication technology. In summary, the QRAM architecture requires efficient quantum control capabilities and a robust quantum error correction mechanism to ensure data integrity and security.

[0071] S204: Based on the amplitude amplification quantum circuit, the first quantum state information and the second quantum state information are evolved to obtain the target quantum state containing the non-uniform information.

[0072] Specifically, the amplitude amplification quantum circuit may include:

[0073] An information extraction sub-circuit is used to extract the second information onto the basis vector of the second quantum state information, and to obtain the third quantum state information based on the first quantum state information and the second quantum state information;

[0074] An information transformation sub-circuit is used to transform the basis vector of the second quantum state information to the amplitude of the specified quantum bit |1> state according to the third quantum state information, so as to obtain the fourth quantum state information;

[0075] An amplitude amplification sub-circuit is used to amplify the amplitude of the specified quantum bit |1> state according to the fourth quantum state information to obtain the fifth quantum state information;

[0076] An information restoration sub-circuit is used to restore the quantum register storing the second information to its initial state according to the fifth quantum state information, thereby obtaining a target quantum state containing non-uniform information. The information restoration sub-circuit is the transpose conjugate of the information extraction sub-circuit.

[0077] For example, see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a quantum state preparation circuit for preparing non-uniform information provided in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the quantum state preparation circuit includes a sub-quantum state preparation circuit and an amplitude amplification quantum circuit, including an auxiliary register, a target register, and a QRAM register. First, n direct products of R are configured on the target register. y A quantum rotation gate transforms the initial state into a first quantum state |Ψ0>, combines it with information from the second quantum state, and then constructs a third quantum state |Ψ in the target register and QRAM register. e >Information extraction sub-circuit; construct a method for extracting the third quantum state |Ψ on the auxiliary register and QRAM register. e > Transforms into the fourth quantum state |Ψ f >Information transformation sub-circuit; constructing a method for converting the fourth quantum state |Ψ on the auxiliary register, QRAM register, and target register. f >Transforms into the fifth quantum state|Ψ α > Amplification sub-circuit; Constructing a circuit for the fifth quantum state |Ψ α >Transform into the target quantum state|Ψ t The information restoration sub-circuit ultimately generates, as shown in the example. Figure 3 The quantum state preparation circuit shown.

[0078] In one optional implementation, the non-uniform information obtained in this application is a data vector. Each element in the data vector can be represented as the product of the first and second data, which can be expressed as α′. i =x′ i y′ i , where x′ i y′1 represents the first information formed by a uniform distribution, y′1 represents the second information formed by a non-uniform distribution, and the target quantum state containing the non-uniform information to be prepared is...

[0079] First, let y′ i Stored in the QRAM register and through Use parameters The first quantum state is prepared on the target register. Implement x′ i The preparation of y′ is then performed, and then |Ψ0> extracts y′ from the QRAM register through the information extraction sub-circuit. i ,Right now The information transformation sub-circuit converts the basis vector |y′ of the second quantum state information. i The basis transformation is applied to the amplitude of the |1> state of the auxiliary qubit, at which point we have Here, `flag` is used to identify the specified auxiliary qubit; the amplitude amplifier subcircuit operates through a specific number of amplitude methods to increase |1> flag The probability is close to 1, and the current fifth quantum state of the system is Right now At this point, the auxiliary register is in state 1, which is a direct product of the other parts, so no deentanglement operation is needed. Finally, the information restoration sub-circuit performs the inverse operation of the decimation operation, deentangles the QRAM register from the system, and obtains the target quantum state containing non-uniform information. This implements the operation of encoding the elements of the non-uniform information represented by the above data vector into the quantum state amplitude of a specified qubit in the quantum state preparation circuit for preparing non-uniform information.

[0080] As can be seen, the present invention first obtains non-uniform information, then transforms each element in the data vector corresponding to the non-uniform information into a representation of first data and second data, obtains first quantum state information based on the first information and the sub-quantum state preparation circuit, and obtains second quantum state information based on the second information stored in the quantum random access circuit. Finally, the first quantum state information and the second quantum state information are evolved based on the amplitude amplification quantum circuit to obtain the target quantum state containing non-uniform information. By transforming the data vector to be prepared and constructing the sub-quantum state preparation circuit and the amplitude amplification quantum circuit, the present invention reduces the number of amplitude amplification steps in quantum state preparation and reduces the depth and number of operations of the quantum state preparation circuit for preparing non-uniform information.

[0081] See Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a quantum state preparation device for non-uniform information provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 The process shown can include:

[0082] The acquisition module 401 is used to acquire non-uniform information, wherein the non-uniform information is represented in the form of a data vector;

[0083] The conversion module 402 is used to convert each element in the data vector into a representation of first data and second data, wherein each of the first data is uniformly distributed to form first information and each of the second data is non-uniformly distributed to form second information.

[0084] The module 403 is used to obtain first quantum state information based on the first information and the sub-quantum state preparation circuit, and to obtain second quantum state information based on the second information stored in the quantum random access circuit;

[0085] Module 404 is used to evolve the first quantum state information and the second quantum state information based on the amplitude amplification quantum circuit to obtain the target quantum state containing the non-uniform information.

[0086] Compared with existing technologies, this invention first acquires non-uniform information, then transforms each element in the data vector corresponding to the non-uniform information into a representation of first data and second data. Based on the first information and the sub-quantum state preparation circuit, the first quantum state information is obtained, and based on the second information stored in the quantum random access circuit, the second quantum state information is obtained. Finally, based on the amplitude amplification quantum circuit, the first and second quantum state information are evolved to obtain the target quantum state containing non-uniform information. By transforming the data vector to be prepared and constructing the sub-quantum state preparation circuit and the amplitude amplification quantum circuit, it reduces the number of amplitude amplification steps in quantum state preparation and reduces the depth and number of operations of the quantum state preparation circuit for preparing non-uniform information.

[0087] This invention also provides a quantum-supercomputer cooperative operating system, which runs on a quantum computer including a quantum processor and / or a supercomputer including a classical processor, for preparing quantum states of non-uniform information according to the method described in the method-side embodiment of this invention.

[0088] This invention also provides a storage medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program is configured to execute the steps in any of the method embodiments described above when running.

[0089] Specifically, in this embodiment, the storage medium can be configured to store a computer program for performing the following steps:

[0090] S201: Obtain non-uniform information, wherein the non-uniform information is represented in the form of a data vector;

[0091] S202: Each element in the data vector is transformed into a representation of first data and second data, wherein each of the first data is uniformly distributed to form first information and each of the second data is non-uniformly distributed to form second information;

[0092] S203: Based on the first information and the sub-quantum state preparation circuit, obtain the first quantum state information, and based on the second information stored in the quantum random access circuit, obtain the second quantum state information;

[0093] S204: Based on the amplitude amplification quantum circuit, the first quantum state information and the second quantum state information are evolved to obtain the target quantum state containing the non-uniform information.

[0094] Specifically, in this embodiment, the storage medium may include, but is not limited to, USB flash drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), portable hard drives, magnetic disks, or optical disks, and other media capable of storing computer programs.

[0095] This invention also provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program and the processor is configured to run the computer program to perform the steps in any of the method embodiments described above.

[0096] Specifically, the aforementioned electronic device may further include a transmission device and an input / output device, wherein the transmission device is connected to the aforementioned processor, and the input / output device is connected to the aforementioned processor.

[0097] Specifically, in this embodiment, the processor can be configured to perform the following steps via a computer program:

[0098] S201: Obtain non-uniform information, wherein the non-uniform information is represented in the form of a data vector;

[0099] S202: Each element in the data vector is transformed into a representation of first data and second data, wherein each of the first data is uniformly distributed to form first information and each of the second data is non-uniformly distributed to form second information;

[0100] S203: Based on the first information and the sub-quantum state preparation circuit, obtain the first quantum state information, and based on the second information stored in the quantum random access circuit, obtain the second quantum state information;

[0101] S204: Based on the amplitude amplification quantum circuit, the first quantum state information and the second quantum state information are evolved to obtain the target quantum state containing the non-uniform information.

[0102] The above description, based on the embodiments shown in the figures, details the structure, features, and effects of the present invention. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of implementation shown in the figures. Any changes made in accordance with the concept of the present invention, or equivalent embodiments modified to have equivalent changes, that do not exceed the spirit covered by the specification and figures, should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing quantum states of non-uniform information, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain non-uniform information, wherein the non-uniform information is represented in the form of a data vector; Each element in the data vector is transformed into a representation of first data and second data, wherein each of the first data is uniformly distributed to form first information and each of the second data is non-uniformly distributed to form second information. Based on the first information and the sub-quantum state preparation circuit, the first quantum state information is obtained, wherein the sub-quantum state preparation circuit is configured with n direct product single quantum logic gates; the first information is prepared on the amplitude of the first quantum state information; based on the amplitude distribution of the first quantum state information, the second information is determined; and the second quantum state information is obtained using the second information stored in the quantum random access circuit. The first quantum state information and the second quantum state information are evolved to obtain a target quantum state containing the non-uniform information; The evolutionary processing of the second quantum state information includes: Transform the basis vectors of the second quantum state information to a specified qubit. On the amplitude of the state; and for a given qubit The amplitude of the state is amplified.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sub-quantum state preparation circuit includes a parametric quantum rotating gate.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The parameters of the quantum rotation gate containing parameters were obtained using the gradient descent method. Iterative optimization is performed, and the amplitude distribution of the first quantum state information corresponding to the parameter is determined based on the extreme value of the preset cost function.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, After determining the amplitude distribution of the first quantum state information corresponding to the parameter based on the extreme value of the preset cost function, the method further includes: The second information is determined based on the amplitude distribution of the first quantum state information.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, An amplitude-amplifying quantum circuit is used to evolve the first quantum state information and the second quantum state information, wherein the amplitude-amplifying quantum circuit includes: An information extraction sub-circuit is used to extract the second information onto the basis vector of the second quantum state information, and to obtain the third quantum state information based on the first quantum state information and the second quantum state information; An information transformation sub-circuit is used to transform the basis vectors of the second quantum state information into a specified qubit based on the third quantum state information. From the amplitude of the state, we obtain the information of the fourth quantum state; An amplitude amplification sub-circuit is used to amplify the specified qubit according to the fourth quantum state information. The amplitude of the state is amplified to obtain the information of the fifth quantum state; An information restoration sub-circuit is used to restore the quantum register storing the second information to its initial state according to the fifth quantum state information, thereby obtaining a target quantum state containing non-uniform information. The information restoration sub-circuit is the transpose conjugate of the information extraction sub-circuit.

6. A device for preparing quantum states of non-uniform information, characterized in that, The device includes: An acquisition module is used to acquire non-uniform information, wherein the non-uniform information is represented in the form of a data vector; The conversion module is used to convert each element in the data vector into a representation of first data and second data, wherein each of the first data is uniformly distributed to form first information and each of the second data is non-uniformly distributed to form second information. The module is configured to obtain first quantum state information based on the first information and the sub-quantum state preparation circuit, wherein the sub-quantum state preparation circuit is configured with n direct product single quantum logic gates; the first information is prepared on the amplitude of the first quantum state information; the second information is determined based on the amplitude distribution of the first quantum state information; and the second quantum state information is obtained using the second information stored in the quantum random access circuit. The module is used to evolve the first quantum state information and the second quantum state information to obtain a target quantum state containing the non-uniform information; The evolutionary processing of the second quantum state information includes: Transform the basis vectors of the second quantum state information to a specified qubit. On the amplitude of the state; and for a given qubit The amplitude of the state is amplified.

7. A quantity-capable collaborative operating system, characterized in that, The quantum super cooperative operating system realizes the preparation of quantum states of non-uniform information according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores a computer program, wherein the computer program is configured to execute the method described in any one of claims 1 to 5 when it is run.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, characterized in that, The memory stores a computer program, and the processor is configured to run the computer program to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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