Method for destroying organic waste with low water content

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for treating domestic waste, in particular, to a method for treating waste with low water content by plasma chemical destruction. The object of the present invention is to provide a method for destroying organic waste with low water content, so as to achieve the technical effect of broadening the scope of the technical scheme. The technical effect is obtained by a destruction method, wherein organic waste with low water content is loaded into a reactor via an input port, and waste of biological origin is also loaded. The reactor is provided in the form of a closed chamber, the inner surface of which is fully or partially conductive and grounded. Electrodes protrude into the reactor, which are isolated from the grounded surface. High voltage pulses are provided to the electrodes. The pulses cause a corona discharge current to form in the gap between the electrode and the conductive surface of the reactor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for treating domestic waste, and in particular to a method for treating waste with low water content by plasma chemical destruction. Background Art

[0002] In the device of patent RU2741004 (published on January 22, 2021), there is a known method for treating solid organic waste by steam plasma gasification conversion and producing synthesis gas. The treatment is carried out by a high-temperature plasma reactor, in which water vapor is used as plasma supporting gas, and the temperature in the reaction zone is about 1600 to 2000 ° C.

[0003] The disadvantage of this method is that it requires a lot of heating to carry out, and the treatment of solid organic domestic waste is not thorough, because the result of the treatment is synthesis gas, which also needs to be treated.

[0004] According to the literature [1], plasma discharged at atmospheric pressure affects water and causes the formation of free radicals when water molecules are destroyed: H2O→OH·+H·. According to the literature [2], the chain reaction of the oxidation process of organic substances in the presence of water can be initiated by atmospheric oxygen and ozone, but at a low rate. The high-speed chain reaction is initiated by OH· free radicals. Due to the insufficient amount of water, the concentration of free radicals is not significant, which does not allow the initiation of a chain reaction of the oxidation of organic substances in water. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for destroying low-water content organic waste, so as to achieve the technical effect of broadening the scope of the technical solution.

[0006] The technical effect is obtained by a destruction method, in which organic waste with a low water content is loaded into a reactor via an input opening, and waste of biological origin is also loaded. The reactor is provided in the form of a closed chamber, the inner surface of which is fully or partially conductive and grounded. Electrodes protrude into the reactor and are isolated from the grounded surface. High-voltage pulses are applied to the electrodes. The pulses cause a corona discharge current to form in the gap between the electrode and the conductive surface of the reactor.

[0007] It is known that wastes of biological origin contain up to 98% water ("Algae" in Table 2 of the "Water" section of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia). The plasma of the corona discharge current induced in the reactor affects the water contained in the wastes of biological origin, thus causing the formation of free radicals due to the disintegration of the water molecules H2O→OH·+H· contained therein. In addition, other active substances are formed in the reactor due to the corona discharge current: О3, О2 (a 1 Δ)、H2O2、ОН、O( 3The corona discharge also causes ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The above active substances and UV radiation have a destructive effect on any organic and inorganic substances contained in the domestic waste, including organic waste with low water content, thereby completely destroying them and forming harmless gaseous reaction products, namely water and carbon dioxide. The non-organic matter of the waste is destroyed by acid.

[0008] In other words, the method provides for plasma chemical destruction of organic and inorganic matter contained in waste, including organic waste with a low water content.

[0009] Preferably, the size of the gap between the electrode and the at least one conductive portion of the inner surface of the cavity is set in the range of 5 to 50 mm.

[0010] Preferably, when carrying out the process, entry of atmospheric air into the reactor is restricted.

[0011] Preferably, the waste is introduced into the reactor in a metered form.

[0012] Preferably, the dose of waste is loaded into the reactor in compressed form while restricting the entry of atmospheric air into the reactor.

[0013] Preferably, when carrying out the method, domestic waste with a low water content and waste of biological origin are charged to the reactor simultaneously or successively.

[0014] Preferably, the pressure inside the reactor is reduced by 0.1 to 1.0 Pa compared to atmospheric pressure.

[0015] In one embodiment of the process, a vacuum is created at the reactor output to reduce the pressure within the reactor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 A vertical cross section of a reactor for carrying out the claimed process is shown, wherein the following reference numerals are used:

[0017] 1. A reactor body having an inner cavity;

[0018] 2. Input port;

[0019] 3. Output port;

[0020] 4. The inner surface of the reactor cavity;

[0021] 5. The conductive part of the inner surface of the reactor cavity;

[0022] 6. Tip electrode;

[0023] 7. Isolation components;

[0024] 8. High voltage pulse source;

[0025] 9. Electrode end;

[0026] 10. Conductive bottom of the reactor;

[0027] 11. Device for quantitatively loading waste to be treated;

[0028] 12. Electrostatic filter with extraction fan providing pressure reduction at reactor output. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The method is implemented by using a reactor provided in the form of a closed body 1, wherein the bottom 10 is conductive and grounded. An electrode 6 with a tip 9 protrudes into the body 1. The tip 9 is isolated from the conductive bottom 10 of the body 1 and points towards it. A portion of compressed organic waste with a low water content is loaded from a device 11 so that after loading a portion of compressed waste of biological origin, the waste to be treated is quantitatively loaded through the input port 2 of the body 1, while limiting the entry of atmospheric air into the body 1. High-voltage pulses are supplied to the electrode 6 from a source 8. As is known from the literature [1], with each pulse a large amount of flow appears near the tip 9 of the electrode 6. The flow begins to multiply and spread towards the conductive bottom 10 of the body 1, gradually filling the inter-electrode gap and forming a streamer corona discharge. The plasma of the corona discharge has an effect on the water contained in the waste of biological origin loaded into the reactor and causes the formation of free radicals when destroying water molecules: H2O→OH·+H·, which also have an effect on the organic waste with a low water content after their formation. In addition, other active substances are formed in the reactor due to the corona discharge: О3, О2(a 1 Δ)、H2O2、ОН、O( 3 P), NO, HNO2 and HNO3. The corona discharge also causes ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The above-mentioned active substances and UV radiation exert a destructive effect on any organic and inorganic substances contained in the waste to be treated, thereby providing their complete destruction and forming harmless gaseous reaction products, namely water and carbon dioxide. The non-organic matter of the waste is destroyed by acid. The oxidation process of organic matter in water is a chain reaction [2]. Low-rate chain reactions can be initiated by atmospheric oxygen and ozone. However, high-rate chain reactions are initiated only by OH· free radicals, the formation of which in the reactor is caused by the influence of the corona discharge plasma applied to the water contained in the waste of biological origin. In other words, the device provides plasma chemical destruction of organic and inorganic substances contained in the waste (including organic waste with a low water content). The gaseous products of destruction enter the output port 3 of the reactor.

[0030] Thus, a specific technical effect is achieved in the form of providing a method for plasma chemical destruction of organic and non-organic matter contained in waste, including organic waste having a low water content.

[0031] Patent document

[0032] [1] Aristova NA, Piskarev IM, Ivanovskiy AV, Selemir VD, Spirov GM, Shlepkin SI Initiation of chemical reactions by electric discharge in a solid dielectric-gas-liquid system / / Journal of Physical Chemistry. 2004. Vol. 78. No. 7. pp. 1326–1331.

[0033] [2] Piskarev I.M. Oxidation-reduction processes in water initiated by electric discharge above the surface / / Journal of General Chemistry. 2001. Vol. 71. Issue 10. P. 1622. (Piskarev IM Oxidation-reduction processes in water initiated by discharge above the surface / / Journal of General Chemistry, 2001, Vol. 71, Issue 10, p. 1622.)

Claims

1. A method for destroying low-water-content organic waste, characterized in that: Compressed organic waste with low water content is loaded into the reactor through the input port, and compressed waste of biological origin is also loaded, wherein the waste of biological origin contains 98% water; the reactor is in the form of a closed cavity, and the inner surface thereof is fully or partially conductively grounded; An electrode isolated from the grounded surface extends into the reactor; a high voltage pulse is supplied to the electrode, forming a corona discharge current in the gap between the electrode and the conductive surface of the reactor.

2. The method for destroying low-water-content organic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The size of the gap between the electrode and at least one conductive portion of the inner surface of the cavity is in the range of 5 to 50 mm.

3. The method for destroying low-water-content organic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: Restrict atmospheric air from entering the reactor during waste loading.

4. The method for destroying low-water-content organic waste according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The waste is loaded into the reactor in a quantitative form.

5. The method for destroying organic waste with low water content according to claim 4, characterized in that: The low-water-content organic waste and biological source waste are simultaneously or sequentially loaded into the reactor.

6. The method for destroying low-water-content organic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure in the reactor is 0.1-1.0 Pa lower than the atmospheric pressure.

7. The method for destroying low-water-content organic waste according to claim 6, characterized in that: A vacuum was created at the reactor outlet.

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