Numerically controlled machine tool for preventing movement clearance of main shaft

Abstract

The application provides a numerical control machine tool for preventing spindle movement gap, and relates to the technical field of numerical control machine tools, which comprises a numerical control machine tool body, a transmission shaft is installed inside the numerical control machine tool body, and the transmission shaft is installed with a spindle through a protection mechanism. In the application, the spindle is clamped and installed into the inside of a clamping groove, and the position of the spindle is positioned through the cooperation of a first guide block and a first guide groove. Then, after the installation of the spindle is completed, the user rotates a rotating ring, the rotating ring drives a positioning block to be clamped into the inside of a positioning groove, the spindle is fixed, an integral body is formed between the spindle, the first guide block and a connecting frame, so that the vibration generated when the spindle works is transmitted to the inside of the connecting frame through the first guide block and the positioning block, the spindle and the connecting frame vibrate at the same frequency, the gap between the spindle and the connecting frame due to vibration is avoided, the machining accuracy of the spindle is improved, and the protection of the spindle is better.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of CNC machine tool technology, and more specifically, to a CNC machine tool that prevents spindle backlash. Background Technology

[0002] CNC machine tools, short for numerical control machine tools, are automated machine tools equipped with a program control system. Through computation and processing, the CNC device sends various control signals to control the machine tool's movements, automatically machining parts according to the shape and dimensions required by the drawings. The spindle is a key functional component in precision CNC machine tools; its design, manufacturing, and performance directly affect the overall development level of the machine tool. However, during spindle installation, bolts are typically tightened. But during operation, especially when the spindle drives the milling cutter to rotate and mill the workpiece, the collision between the cutter and the workpiece causes vibration between the cutter and the spindle. Over long-term use, this vibration causes the bolts to wobble, leading to gaps between the spindle and the drive shaft, and even spindle misalignment. This results in reduced machining accuracy, excessive vibration, and high noise levels. Therefore, we propose a CNC machine tool design to prevent spindle backlash and solve these problems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a CNC machine tool that prevents backlash in spindle motion. It solves the problem that when the spindle drives the milling cutter to rotate and mill the workpiece, the collision between the milling cutter and the workpiece causes vibration between the milling cutter and the spindle. Over long-term use, this vibration causes the bolts to wobble, leading to a gap between the spindle and the drive shaft, and even spindle misalignment. This results in reduced machining accuracy, as well as excessive vibration and noise.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A CNC machine tool for preventing spindle backlash includes a CNC machine tool body, a drive shaft is installed inside the CNC machine tool body, and a spindle is mounted on the drive shaft through a protective mechanism;

[0006] The protective mechanism includes a connecting frame, which is movably installed inside the CNC machine tool body. The connecting frame is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft. A locking groove is provided on the side of the connecting frame away from the transmission shaft, and the spindle is locked and installed inside the locking groove.

[0007] A rotating ring is movably installed on the outer side of the connecting frame, and several positioning blocks are movably installed inside the rotating ring. The positioning blocks are movably installed through the inside of the connecting frame, and the ends of the positioning blocks that are close to each other are respectively engaged inside the spindle.

[0008] Preferably, a plurality of first guide blocks are installed inside the engaging groove, and a plurality of first guide grooves are respectively provided on the outer side of the main shaft, with the first guide blocks respectively engaging and installed inside the first guide grooves.

[0009] Preferably, the outer side of the connecting frame is provided with a first groove, the rotating ring is engaged and installed inside the first groove, the inside of the rotating ring is provided with a second groove, the second groove and the first groove are connected to each other, and the positioning block is movably installed between the second groove and the first groove.

[0010] Preferably, the inner ends of the first groove are respectively provided with first limiting grooves, and the two sides of the rotating ring are respectively fixedly installed with limiting blocks. The limiting blocks are respectively engaged and installed inside the first limiting grooves, and a number of friction blocks are installed on the outer side of the rotating ring.

[0011] Preferably, the interior of the second groove is provided with a plurality of second guide grooves, all of which are inclined and form a certain angle with the radial direction of the rotating ring, and are inclined along the rotation direction of the rotating ring. The positioning block is provided with a first guide rod through one end inside the second groove, and the first guide rod is engaged and installed inside the second guide groove.

[0012] Preferably, a plurality of third grooves are provided through the interior of the first groove and on the side near the main shaft, and the positioning blocks are movably installed through the interior of the third grooves. The end of the positioning block away from the rotating ring is respectively engaged in the interior of the first positioning hole, which is located on the outside of the main shaft.

[0013] Preferably, a second guide block is fixedly installed at both ends of the inner side of the third groove, and a third guide groove is provided at both ends of the positioning block, with the second guide block respectively engaging and installed inside the third guide groove.

[0014] Preferably, the connecting frame is provided with a second limiting groove on the side near the drive shaft. A sealing block is engaged inside the second limiting groove. A plurality of first positioning rods are fixedly installed on the side of the sealing block near the main shaft. The first positioning rods are movably installed through the inside of the connecting frame and engaged inside the second positioning hole, which is located on one side of the limiting block.

[0015] Preferably, the sealing block has a fourth groove at its upper and lower ends near the drive shaft. A connecting plate is movably installed inside the fourth groove. A second positioning rod is fixedly installed on the side of the connecting plate that is close to each other. The second positioning rod is engaged inside the third positioning hole, which is located inside the second limiting groove.

[0016] Preferably, a second guide rod is fixedly installed on both sides of the interior of the fourth groove, and the connecting plate is movably installed through the outer side of the second guide rod. A spring is sleeved on the outer side of the second guide rod, and the spring is in contact with the connecting plate and the fourth groove respectively.

[0017] A handle is fixedly installed on one side of each of the connecting plates.

[0018] 1. In this invention, the spindle is snapped into the slot, and the spindle is positioned by the cooperation of the first guide block and the first guide slot. After the spindle is installed, the user rotates the rotating ring, causing the rotating ring to drive the positioning block into the positioning slot, thus fixing the spindle and forming a whole with the spindle, the first guide block and the connecting frame. Therefore, the vibration generated when the spindle is working will be transmitted to the inside of the connecting frame through the first guide block and the positioning block, so that the spindle and the connecting frame vibrate at the same frequency. This avoids the gap between the spindle and the connecting frame due to vibration, improves the machining accuracy of the spindle, and also better protects the spindle.

[0019] 2. In this invention, after the user has installed the spindle using the rotating ring, the sealing block can be installed, allowing it to engage inside the second limiting groove. Simultaneously, the sealing block will also drive the first positioning rod to engage inside the second positioning hole, thus positioning the rotating ring and the positioning block. This prevents the rotating ring from rotating on its own when the spindle and connecting frame are rotating at high speed, which could cause the spindle and connecting frame to separate. After the sealing block is installed, the spring will push the connecting plate and the second positioning rod, causing the second positioning rod to engage inside the third positioning hole, thus fixing the sealing block and improving the stability between the connecting frame and the spindle. This also facilitates the user's later disassembly of the entire assembly, greatly improving the efficiency of spindle installation and disassembly, making it much faster. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the main shaft of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a front view schematic diagram of the main shaft structure in this invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a side view of the main shaft structure in this invention;

[0024] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at point AA;

[0025] Figure 6 yes Figure 3 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at point BB;

[0026] Figure 7 yes Figure 4 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at the CC point;

[0027] Figure 8 yes Figure 6 Enlarged 3D structural diagram at point D;

[0028] Figure 9 yes Figure 7 A magnified three-dimensional structural diagram at point E in the middle.

[0029] In the diagram: 1. CNC machine tool body; 2. Spindle; 3. Drive shaft; 4. Protective mechanism; 401. Connecting frame; 402. Engaging groove; 403. First guide block; 404. First guide groove; 405. First groove; 406. Rotary ring; 407. Friction block; 408. Second groove; 409. Limiting block; 410. First limiting groove; 411. Second guide groove; 412. Positioning block; 413. First guide rod; 414. First positioning hole; 415. Third groove; 416. Third guide groove; 417. Second guide block; 418. First positioning rod; 419. Second positioning hole; 420. Sealing block; 421. Second limiting groove; 422. Fourth groove; 423. Connecting plate; 424. Handle; 425. Second guide rod; 426. Spring; 427. Second positioning rod; 428. Third positioning hole. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, a CNC machine tool for preventing spindle backlash includes a CNC machine tool body 1, a transmission shaft 3 installed inside the CNC machine tool body 1, and a spindle 2 installed on the transmission shaft 3 through a protective mechanism 4;

[0032] The protective mechanism 4 includes a connecting frame 401, which is movably installed inside the CNC machine tool body 1. The connecting frame 401 is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft 3. The connecting frame 401 has a locking groove 402 on the side away from the transmission shaft 3, and the spindle 2 is locked and installed inside the locking groove 402.

[0033] A rotating ring 406 is movably installed on the outer side of the connecting frame 401. Several positioning blocks 412 are movably installed inside the rotating ring 406. The positioning blocks 412 are movably installed through the inside of the connecting frame 401. The ends of the positioning blocks 412 that are close to each other are respectively engaged inside the spindle 2.

[0034] like Figures 5 to 8 As shown, the engaging groove 402 has several first guide blocks 403 installed inside, the outer side of the main shaft 2 has several first guide grooves 404 respectively, the first guide blocks 403 are engaged and installed inside the first guide grooves 404 respectively, the outer side of the connecting frame 401 has a first groove 405, the rotating ring 406 is engaged and installed inside the first groove 405, the rotating ring 406 has a second groove 408 inside, the second groove 408 and the first groove 405 are interconnected, the positioning block 412 is movably installed between the second groove 408 and the first groove 405, the inner ends of the first groove 405 have first limiting grooves 410 respectively, the two sides of the rotating ring 406 are fixedly installed with limiting blocks 409 respectively, the limiting blocks 409 are engaged and installed inside the first limiting grooves 410 respectively, the outer side of the rotating ring 406 has several friction blocks 407 installed, the inner side of the second groove 408 has several second guide grooves 411 respectively, the second guide... All guide grooves 411 are inclined, and the second guide groove 411 forms a certain angle with the radial direction of the rotating ring 406, and is inclined along the circumferential rotation direction of the rotating ring 406. The first guide rod 413 is installed through one end of the positioning block 412 located inside the second groove 408. The first guide rod 413 is respectively engaged and installed inside the second guide groove 411. Several third grooves 415 are respectively provided through the inside of the first groove 405 and the side near the main shaft 2. The positioning block 412 is respectively movably installed through the inside of the third groove 415. The end of the positioning block 412 away from the rotating ring 406 is respectively engaged and installed inside the first positioning hole 414. The first positioning hole 414 is located on the outside of the main shaft 2. The second guide block 417 is fixedly installed at both ends of the inside of the third groove 415. The two ends of the positioning block 412 are respectively provided with third guide grooves 416. The second guide block 417 is respectively engaged and installed inside the third guide groove 416.

[0035] The user installs the spindle 2 into the engagement slot 402. As the spindle 2 is installed, the first guide block 403 enters the first guide groove 404. Through the cooperation of the first guide block 403 and the first guide groove 404, the installation of the spindle 2 is assisted, improving the accuracy of the spindle 2 installation and ensuring a tight fit between the spindle 2 and the engagement slot 402. Furthermore, through the first guide block 403 and the first guide groove 404, the spindle 2, the connecting frame 401, and the drive shaft 3 are initially integrated. This allows the vibrations generated by the spindle 2 during operation to be transmitted to the connecting frame 401 through the first guide block 403. This reduces the vibration experienced by the spindle 2 and ensures that the spindle 2 and the connecting frame 401 vibrate at the same frequency. This prevents gaps between the spindle 2 and the connecting frame 401 due to different vibration frequencies, thus better protecting the spindle 2.

[0036] After the spindle 2 is initially installed, the user can rotate the rotating ring 406 by the friction block 407, so that the rotating ring 406 pushes the first guide rod 413 through the second guide groove 411, so that the first guide rod 413 moves the positioning block 412 inward along the second guide groove 411, so that the positioning block 412 can be engaged with the inside of the first positioning hole 414 along the third groove 415, thereby completing the installation of the positioning block 412 and fixing the connecting frame 401 and the spindle 2 to form a whole.

[0037] Then, when it is necessary to disassemble the spindle 2, simply reverse the rotating ring 406. When the rotating ring 406 is reversed, the first guide rod 413 will move outward along the second guide groove 411, thereby allowing the first guide rod 413 to drive the positioning block 412 out of the interior of the first positioning hole 414. Then the spindle 2 can be disassembled and replaced, which is simpler and more convenient.

[0038] As the positioning block 412 moves along the third groove 415, the movement direction of the positioning block 412 is positioned by the cooperation between the second guide block 417 and the third guide groove 416, allowing it to move vertically. This prevents the positioning block 412 from shifting when it moves with the push and pull of the first guide rod 413, and allows the positioning block 412 to be more stably and accurately engaged in the first positioning hole 414, thus completing the fixation of the main shaft 2 and the connecting frame 401.

[0039] The limiting block 409 and the first limiting groove 410 are used to limit the position of the rotating ring 406 and also to assist the rotating ring 406 in rotating work. This makes it easier for the user to control the rotating ring 406 to rotate through the cooperation of the limiting block 409 and the first limiting groove 410, so as to realize the installation and disassembly of the spindle 2, which is simpler and more convenient.

[0040] The second guide groove 411 is located in the second groove 408 of the rotating ring 406. Its core function is to cooperate with the first guide rod 413 on the positioning block 412 to guide the positioning block 412 to move radially closer to or away from the main shaft 2 when the rotating ring 406 rotates, so as to fix or loosen the main shaft 2. Therefore, the inclination state of the second guide groove 411 is relative to the radial direction of the rotating ring 406. When the rotating ring 406 rotates around the connecting frame 401, the inclination of the second guide groove 411, through the engagement with the first guide rod 413, converts the circumferential rotation of the rotating ring into the radial linear motion of the positioning block 412, which moves along the third groove 415 towards or away from the main shaft 2, and finally realizes the engagement or separation of the positioning block 412 with the first positioning hole 414 on the main shaft 2.

[0041] like Figure 7 and Figure 9 As shown, the connecting frame 401 has a second limiting groove 421 on the side near the drive shaft 3. A sealing block 420 is engaged inside the second limiting groove 421. Several first positioning rods 418 are fixedly installed on the side of the sealing block 420 near the main shaft 2. The first positioning rods 418 are movably installed through the interior of the connecting frame 401 and engaged inside the second positioning hole 419. The second positioning hole 419 is located on one side of the limiting block 409. The upper and lower ends of the sealing block 420 near the drive shaft 3 are respectively provided with fourth grooves 422. Connecting plates 423 are movably installed inside the fourth grooves 422. A second positioning rod 427 is fixedly installed on one side of the two sides of the two sides of the second positioning rod 423. The second positioning rod 427 is respectively engaged and installed inside the third positioning hole 428. The third positioning hole 428 is located inside the second limiting groove 421. A second guide rod 425 is fixedly installed on both sides of the inside of the fourth groove 422. A connecting plate 423 is movably installed through the outside of the second guide rod 425. A spring 426 is sleeved on the outside of the second guide rod 425. The spring 426 is respectively in contact with the connecting plate 423 and the fourth groove 422. A handle 424 is fixedly installed on one side of the connecting plate 423.

[0042] After the rotating ring 406 is rotated, the user can snap the sealing block 420 into the inside of the second limiting groove 421. During the installation of the sealing block 420, the sealing block 420 will drive the first positioning rod 418 to snap into the inside of the connecting frame 401. When the sealing block 420 is tightly fitted with the second limiting groove 421, the first positioning rod 418 will snap into the inside of the second positioning hole 419. Thus, through the cooperation of the first positioning rod 418 and the second positioning hole 419, the position of the rotating ring 406 is fixed, preventing the rotating ring 406 from rotating on its own when it follows the spindle 2 at high speed, which would cause the positioning block 412 and the first positioning hole 414 to fall off. This better protects the spindle 2 and improves the stability of the rotating ring 406.

[0043] Then, when installing the sealing block 420, the user needs to pull the connecting plate 423 up and down using the handle 424 so that the connecting plate 423 drives the second positioning rod 427 into the interior of the fourth groove 422. At the same time, the connecting plate 423 compresses the spring 426. After the sealing block 420 is installed, the user can release the handle 424 so that the spring 426 pushes the connecting plate 423, allowing the connecting plate 423 to drive the second positioning rod 427 to engage and install it into the interior of the third positioning hole 428, thus completing the installation of the sealing block 420 and maintaining the stability of the sealing block 420.

[0044] The second guide rod 425 is used to assist the connecting plate 423 in moving up and down, making the connecting plate 423 more stable and accurate when moving, and preventing the connecting plate 423 from causing the second positioning rod 427 to get stuck inside the fourth groove 422, which would prevent the installation work from being completed.

[0045] The working principle of this type of CNC machine tool that prevents spindle backlash:

[0046] In use, the user first installs the spindle 2 into the engagement slot 402. Then, as the spindle 2 is installed, the first guide block 403 enters the first guide groove 404. Through the cooperation of the first guide block 403 and the first guide groove 404, the spindle 2 is assisted in the installation, improving the accuracy of the spindle 2 installation and ensuring that the spindle 2 fits tightly into the engagement slot 402. Furthermore, through the first guide block 403 and the first guide groove 404, the spindle 2, the connecting frame 401, and the drive shaft 3 are initially integrated.

[0047] After the spindle 2 is initially installed, the user can rotate the rotating ring 406 by the friction block 407, so that the rotating ring 406 pushes the first guide rod 413 through the second guide groove 411, so that the first guide rod 413 moves the positioning block 412 inward along the second guide groove 411, so that the positioning block 412 can be engaged with the inside of the first positioning hole 414 along the third groove 415, thereby completing the installation of the positioning block 412 and fixing the connecting frame 401 and the spindle 2 to form a whole.

[0048] After the rotating ring 406 is rotated, the user can engage the sealing block 420 into the second limiting groove 421. During the installation of the sealing block 420, the sealing block 420 will drive the first positioning rod 418 to engage into the connecting frame 401. When the sealing block 420 is tightly fitted with the second limiting groove 421, the first positioning rod 418 will engage into the second positioning hole 419. Thus, the position of the rotating ring 406 is fixed by the cooperation of the first positioning rod 418 and the second positioning hole 419.

[0049] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is impossible to exhaustively list all the implementation methods here. All obvious variations or modifications derived from the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A CNC machine tool for preventing spindle backlash, comprising a CNC machine tool body (1), characterized in that: The CNC machine tool body (1) is equipped with a drive shaft (3), and the drive shaft (3) is equipped with a spindle (2) through a protective mechanism (4). The protective mechanism (4) includes a connecting frame (401), which is movably installed inside the CNC machine tool body (1). The connecting frame (401) is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft (3). The connecting frame (401) has a locking groove (402) on the side away from the transmission shaft (3). The spindle (2) is locked and installed inside the locking groove (402). A rotating ring (406) is movably mounted on the outer side of the connecting frame (401). Several positioning blocks (412) are movably mounted inside the rotating ring (406). The positioning blocks (412) are movably installed through the interior of the connecting frame (401). The ends of the positioning blocks (412) that are close to each other are respectively engaged inside the spindle (2). Several first guide blocks (403) are installed inside the engaging groove (402). Several first guide grooves (404) are provided on the outer side of the spindle (2). The first guide blocks (403) are respectively engaged inside the first guide grooves (404). The connecting frame (401) The outer side of the rotating ring (406) is provided with a first groove (405). The rotating ring (406) is engaged and installed inside the first groove (405). The rotating ring (406) is provided with a second groove (408) inside. The second groove (408) and the first groove (405) are connected to each other. The positioning block (412) is movably installed between the second groove (408) and the first groove (405). The inner ends of the first groove (405) are respectively provided with a first limiting groove (410). The two sides of the rotating ring (406) are respectively fixedly installed with limiting blocks (409). The limiting blocks (409) are respectively engaged and installed inside the first limiting groove (410). The rotating ring (406) has several friction blocks (407) installed on its outer side. The second groove (408) has several second guide grooves (411) inside. The second guide grooves (411) are all inclined and form a certain angle with the radial direction of the rotating ring (406). They are inclined along the circumferential rotation direction of the rotating ring (406). The positioning block (412) is located inside the second groove (408) and has a first guide rod (413) installed through it. The first guide rod (413) is respectively engaged and installed inside the second guide groove (411). The first groove (405) is located inside and close to the first guide groove (405). A plurality of third grooves (415) are provided through one side of the main shaft (2). The positioning blocks (412) are movably installed inside the third grooves (415). The end of the positioning block (412) away from the rotating ring (406) is respectively engaged in the interior of the first positioning hole (414). The first positioning hole (414) is located on the outside of the main shaft (2). The two ends of the interior of the third grooves (415) are respectively fixedly installed with second guide blocks (417). The two ends of the positioning blocks (412) are respectively provided with third guide grooves (416). The second guide blocks (417) are respectively engaged in the interior of the third guide grooves (416).

2. A CNC machine tool for preventing spindle backlash according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting frame (401) is provided with a second limiting groove (421) on the side near the drive shaft (3). A sealing block (420) is engaged inside the second limiting groove (421). A plurality of first positioning rods (418) are fixedly installed on the side of the sealing block (420) near the main shaft (2). The first positioning rods (418) are respectively movably installed inside the connecting frame (401) and engaged inside the second positioning hole (419). The second positioning hole (419) is located on one side of the limiting block (409).

3. A CNC machine tool for preventing spindle backlash according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sealing block (420) has a fourth groove (422) at its upper and lower ends near the transmission shaft (3). A connecting plate (423) is movably installed inside the fourth groove (422). A second positioning rod (427) is fixedly installed on the side of the connecting plate (423) that is close to each other. The second positioning rod (427) is respectively engaged and installed inside the third positioning hole (428). The third positioning hole (428) is located inside the second limiting groove (421).

4. A CNC machine tool for preventing spindle backlash according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second guide rod (425) is fixedly installed on both sides of the interior of the fourth groove (422). The connecting plate (423) is movably installed through the outer side of the second guide rod (425). Springs (426) are respectively sleeved on the outer side of the second guide rod (425). The springs (426) are respectively in contact with the connecting plate (423) and the fourth groove (422). A handle (424) is fixedly installed on one side of the connecting plate (423).

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