A sorghum pelletized seed coating agent for long-term prevention and control of borers and aphids and its application

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of plant protection, and in particular to a sorghum pellet seed coating agent for long-term control of stem borers and aphids, and its use. The present invention provides a sorghum pellet seed coating agent, wherein the active ingredients in the sorghum pellet seed coating agent include chlorantraniliprole, thiamethoxam, and tebuconazole. The active ingredient content of chlorantraniliprole in the sorghum pellet seed coating agent is 6g / kg of seed, the active ingredient content of thiamethoxam is 10mL / kg of seed, and the active ingredient content of tebuconazole is 0.4g / kg of seed. The sorghum pellet seed coating agent provided by the present invention can reduce the amount of pesticides used and the number of applications.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of plant protection, and in particular to a sorghum pelletized seed coating agent for long-term prevention and control of borers and aphids and applications thereof. Background Art

[0002] As the most important raw material for the natural flavor of baijiu (white liquor), sorghum is susceptible to various pests and diseases during cultivation. Among them, stem borers (such as the Asian corn borer and the peach borer) and aphids are significant pests of sorghum. Asian corn borer larvae damage leaves during the heading stage and bore into the ear collars and stalks during the ear formation stage, feeding on the stem core and borer tunnels, causing stem breakage or crop lodging. Peach borer larvae feed on the ears during the heading stage. Aphids, both adults and nymphs, primarily suck sap from sorghum leaves, stems, and ears, causing leaf wilt. Damage from stem borers and aphids directly reduces the yield and quality of sorghum for brewing, impacting the quality and supply of raw materials for distillers, and severely hindering the potential of green, high-quality crops.

[0003] Currently, research on sorghum pelletized seed coating agents is limited. Classifications based on function and purpose primarily include: 1. Sorghum pelletized seed coating agents that address sowing problems. Sorghum seeds are small and have poor soil penetration, so they are typically sown with hand-push roller seeders. Improper seed placement or excessive sowing depth can easily lead to excessive planting density or difficulty in seedling emergence, compromising yield and quality. Peng Zhidong et al. developed a physical sorghum pelletized seed coating agent formulated with 20% clay and 108 glue. Its primary function is to increase sorghum seed volume, facilitate direct seeding, and promote mechanized sorghum planting (Peng Zhidong et al., 2015). 2. Sorghum pelletized seed coating agents that enhance drought resistance during the seedling stage. Xie Guanghui et al. developed a new sorghum pelletized seed coating agent that absorbs water before sowing, does not need to be dispersed after absorbing water, and exhibits excellent expansion properties. This allows energy plant seeds to germinate within the pellets, enabling mechanized sowing (Xie Guanghui et al., 2009). 3. Sorghum pelletized seed coating agent to enhance salt and alkali tolerance at the seedling stage. Huang Qian et al. pelletized sweet sorghum seeds and added microbial active agents and probiotic cultures to the material formula. This can absorb salt in the soil and fix it in the organisms of the effective bacterial flora, thereby reducing the salt content around the sweet sorghum seeds, improving the salt tolerance of the sweet sorghum seeds, enhancing the seedling's resistance to stress, and improving its growth conditions at the seedling stage in poor soils (Huang Qian et al., 2009, "Sweet Sorghum Seed Biological Pellets and Preparation Methods").

[0004] Sorghum is sensitive to pesticides such as pyrethroids, trichlorfon, dichlorvos, organochlorines, fenitrothion, Bordeaux mixture, and lime sulfur. In sorghum production, pest control primarily relies on stem and foliar sprays. However, tight or medium-tight panicle sorghum favors the hiding place of stem borers, making it difficult for pesticides to directly target the pests. This results in low pesticide utilization and requires frequent control efforts. Reducing pesticide usage and frequency is a prominent challenge in brewing sorghum production. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a sorghum pelletized seed coating agent for long-term control of borers and aphids and its application. The sorghum pelletized seed coating agent provided by the present invention can reduce the amount of pesticides used and the number of applications.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a sorghum pellet seed coating agent, wherein the active substances in the sorghum pellet seed coating agent include chlorantraniliprole, thiamethoxam and tebuconazole;

[0008] The effective ingredient content of chlorantraniliprole in the sorghum pellet seed coating agent is 6 g / kg seed, the effective ingredient content of thiamethoxam is 10 mL / kg seed, and the effective ingredient content of tebuconazole is 0.4 g / kg seed.

[0009] Preferably, the sorghum seed coating agent further comprises inactive substances; the inactive substances include inert fillers, adhesives, film-forming agents and disintegrants.

[0010] Preferably, based on the grain weight of naked sorghum seeds, the mass ratio of the pelletized coated seeds coated with the sorghum pelletized seed coating agent to the naked sorghum seeds is 4:1.

[0011] Preferably, the mass ratio of the inert filler material, the adhesive, the film-forming agent and the disintegrant is 55-66:2-3:2-3:5-8.

[0012] Preferably, the inert filling material includes clay and attapulgite; the mass ratio of the clay to the attapulgite is 2:3.

[0013] Preferably, the film-forming agent includes sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and color paste; the volume ratio of the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and the color paste is 1:0.8; and the concentration of the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is 1 wt.%.

[0014] Preferably, the disintegrant is 2 wt.% sodium carboxymethyl starch; and the adhesive is 1 wt.% carboxymethyl cellulose.

[0015] The present invention provides the use of the sorghum pelleting seed coating agent described in the above technical solution in improving the insect resistance of sorghum and / or inhibiting the growth of pests.

[0016] The present invention provides the use of the sorghum pelletized seed coating agent described in the above technical solution in preventing and controlling pests, wherein the pests include above-ground pests and / or underground pests; the above-ground pests include borers and / or aphids; the underground pests include white grubs and / or cutworms.

[0017] The present invention provides a method for preparing pelletized coated seeds, comprising:

[0018] (1) mixing the inert filler, disintegrant and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose to obtain pelletized powder,

[0019] (2) spraying 1 / 4 of 1 wt.% carboxymethyl cellulose on sorghum seeds and mixing it with 1 / 4 of the pelletized powder in (1) to obtain grade 1 seeds;

[0020] (3) Mixing the first-grade seeds with the active ingredient, spraying 1 / 4 of 1 wt.% carboxymethyl cellulose, and mixing with 1 / 4 of the pelletized powder in (1) to obtain second-grade seeds;

[0021] (4) spraying 1 / 4 of 1 wt.% carboxymethyl cellulose on the second-grade seeds and mixing it with 1 / 4 of the pelletized powder in (1) to obtain third-grade seeds;

[0022] (5) spraying 1 / 4 of 1 wt.% carboxymethyl cellulose on the grade 3 seeds, and mixing it with 1 / 4 of the pelletized powder and color paste in (1) to obtain grade 4 seeds;

[0023] (6) Dry the grade 4 seeds to obtain pelletized coated seeds.

[0024] Beneficial effects: The present invention provides a sorghum pellet seed coating agent, in which the active substances include chlorantraniliprole, thiamethoxam and tebuconazole; the effective ingredient content of chlorantraniliprole in the sorghum pellet seed coating agent is 6 g / kg of seeds, the effective ingredient content of thiamethoxam is 10 mL / kg of seeds, and the effective ingredient content of tebuconazole is 0.4 g / kg of seeds.

[0025] The present invention, through the selection of active ingredients and the limitation of the content of active ingredients, does not produce any antagonistic effect between the three, can effectively prevent and control pests, especially aphids and borers, and the present invention creatively prepares the medicine used for stalk spraying into a seed coating agent, which can reduce the amount of pesticides used and the number of times the pesticides are applied. The results of the specific embodiments of the present invention show that the sorghum pelletized seed coating agent provided by the present invention solves the problems of early-stage borers and aphids control in brewing sorghum, reduces environmental pollution and residues of agricultural products, reduces the amount of chemical drugs used in brewing sorghum and the number of times they are used, and has a long lasting effect. It can be seen that the sorghum pelletized seed coating agent of the present invention can effectively prevent and control aphids and borers in a long-term manner.

[0026] Furthermore, the present invention utilizes chlorantraniliprole, thiamethoxam, and tebuconazole as active ingredients to produce a sorghum pelletized seed coating agent. This agent combines seed coating with pelletization for long-term control of borers and aphids. On the one hand, the plant carries the agent directly to the target pests, changing the traditional "apply the agent when the insect appears" control strategy to "carry the agent and wait for the insect to appear." On the other hand, the agent stimulates the plant to produce other metabolites that affect the survival of the target pests, similar to how humans or animals receive vaccinations to protect against disease, shifting the focus of control to preventive management. This novel technology's control philosophy subverts current pest control strategies, reduces the number of pest control visits, and addresses the current predicament of sorghum pest control.

[0027] Moreover, this application, through field application of the composite pelletized coated sorghum seeds developed and prepared, clarifies the dissolution of the sorghum pelletized seed coating agent of the present invention in sorghum plants, its ability to control target pests, and the duration of control of borers and aphids in the field, thus forming a new technology for long-term control of borers and aphids by composite pelletized coating of brewing sorghum seeds. In addition, the sorghum pelletized seed coating agent of the present invention can increase the soluble sugar and flavonoid content in sorghum leaves, thereby improving sorghum's resistance to target pests. It also increases the tannin content in sorghum leaves, significantly reduces insect feeding, and inhibits pest growth, mainly manifested in inhibiting adult emergence and prolonging pest development time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below.

[0029] Figure 1 is the soluble sugar content in sorghum leaves at different growth stages;

[0030] Figure 2 is the flavonoid content in sorghum leaves at different growth stages;

[0031] Figure 3 is the tannin content in sorghum leaves at different growth stages. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention provides a sorghum pellet seed coating agent, in which the active substances include chlorantraniliprole, thiamethoxam and tebuconazole; the effective ingredient content of chlorantraniliprole in the sorghum pellet seed coating agent is 6g / kg seed, i.e., 6g ai / kg seed, the effective ingredient content of thiamethoxam is 10mL / kg seed, i.e., 10mL ai / kg seed, and the effective ingredient content of tebuconazole is 0.4g / kg seed, i.e., 0.4g ai / kg seed. The sorghum pellet seed coating agent of the present invention can also be referred to as a composite pellet coating or a composite pellet seed coating agent for sorghum seeds. The present invention does not specifically limit the sources of the chlorantraniliprole, thiamethoxam and tebuconazole, and they can be obtained by conventional purchase by those skilled in the art. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the chlorantraniliprole is preferably a 200g / L chlorantraniliprole suspension concentrate, i.e., 200g / L chlorantraniliprole SC, preferably purchased from FMC Corporation of the United States; the thiamethoxam is preferably a 30wt.% thiamethoxam suspension concentrate, i.e., 30wt.% thiamethoxam SC, preferably purchased from Qingdao Jinzheng Pesticide Co., Ltd.; the tebuconazole is preferably a 430g / L tebuconazole suspension concentrate, i.e., 430g / L tebuconazole SC, preferably purchased from Bayer CropScience (China) Co., Ltd. The pelletized seed coating agent of the present invention is preferably used for brewing sorghum.

[0033] In the present invention, the sorghum pelletized seed coating agent also preferably includes an inactive substance; the inactive substance can also be called an inert substance. Based on the grain weight of naked sorghum seeds, the mass ratio of the pelletized coated seeds and the naked sorghum seeds after coating with the sorghum pelletized seed coating agent is 4:1, that is, the pelletizing multiple is 4 times, and the mass ratio of the powder in the sorghum pelletized seed coating agent to the sorghum seeds should preferably meet the requirement of making the particle size of the coated sorghum seeds greater than 5.5 mm; the sorghum seed coating agent includes active substances and inactive substances; the powder preferably includes inactive substances. In the present invention, the pelletized coated seeds are also called pelletized coated sorghum seeds. The grain weight of the pelletized coated sorghum seeds of the present invention includes the grain weight of naked seeds, the mass of active substances and the mass of inactive substances. The inactive substance preferably includes an inert filler, an adhesive, a film-forming agent, and a disintegrant. The mass ratio of the inert filler, adhesive, film-forming agent, and disintegrant is preferably 55-66:2-3:2-3:5-8, more preferably 58-66:2-3:2-3:6-7, and more preferably 65:3:3:6. The inert filler preferably includes clay and attapulgite; the mass ratio of clay to attapulgite is preferably 2:3. The adhesive is also referred to as a binder. The film-forming agent preferably includes sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and a color paste. In the present invention, the color paste serves as a warning color, coloring the treated seeds, allowing visual confirmation of successful coating of sorghum seeds and warning that the seeds are inedible and toxic. The volume ratio of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose to the color paste is preferably 1:0.8; the concentration of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is preferably 1 wt.%. The color paste includes acid amaranth. The disintegrant of the present invention is preferably 2 wt.% sodium carboxymethyl starch. The adhesive of the present invention is preferably 1 wt.% carboxymethyl cellulose. The sources of the clay, attapulgite, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, color paste, carboxymethyl cellulose, and sodium carboxymethyl starch are not particularly limited in the present invention, and can be obtained by conventional means purchased by those skilled in the art. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the clay and attapulgite are preferably purchased from Hebei Hongyao Mineral Products Processing Co., Ltd.; the color paste is preferably purchased from Hangzhou Hongjing Paint Decoration Materials; and the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl starch are preferably purchased from Henan Wanbang Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.

[0034] The active substance described in the present invention refers to a substance component that has a medicinal effect on seeds; the inactive substance refers to a powder that acts as a filler, and adhesives, film-forming agents, dispersants, etc., mainly play a role in shaping and curing. Therefore, the substance components that have a medicinal effect on seeds in the sorghum pelleting seed coating agent described in the present invention are chlorantraniliprole, thiamethoxam, and tebuconazole, and the components that have a shaping and curing effect are inert fillers, adhesives, film-forming agents, and disintegrants. The present invention uses chlorantraniliprole, thiamethoxam, and tebuconazole in a coordinated manner without producing any antagonistic effects. Combined with specific inactive substances, it can be used as a pelleting seed coating agent for sorghum seeds. In the sorghum pelleting seed coating agent, chlorantraniliprole mainly controls borers, thiamethoxam controls aphids and underground pests (grubs and cutworms), and tebuconazole controls diseases. The inert fillers, film-forming agents, and disintegrants mainly play a role in shaping and curing. The present invention creatively combines the drug used for stem spraying with a specific inactive substance to prepare a seed coating agent, which can achieve the effect of reducing the amount of pesticide used and the number of times the pesticide is used.

[0035] The present invention also provides a method for preparing pelletized coated seeds, comprising the following steps: (1) mixing the inert filling material, disintegrant and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose to obtain pelletized powder; (2) spraying 1 / 4 of 1 wt.% carboxymethyl cellulose on sorghum seeds, and mixing the mixture with 1 / 4 of the pelletized powder in (1) to obtain grade 1 seeds; (3) mixing the grade 1 seeds with an active ingredient, spraying 1 / 4 of 1 wt.% carboxymethyl cellulose on the seeds, and mixing the mixture with 1 / 4 of the pelletized powder in (1) to obtain grade 2 seeds; (4) spraying 1 / 4 of 1 wt.% carboxymethyl cellulose on the seeds of the grade 2, and mixing the mixture with 1 / 4 of the pelletized powder in (1) to obtain grade 3 seeds; (5) spraying 1 / 4 of 1 wt.% carboxymethyl cellulose on the seeds of the grade 3, and mixing the mixture with 1 / 4 of the pelletized powder and color paste in (1) to obtain grade 4 seeds; and (6) drying the grade 4 seeds to obtain pelletized coated seeds.

[0036] The present invention comprises mixing the inert filler, disintegrant, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose to obtain a pelletized powder. More preferably, the pelletized powder is obtained by mixing the clay, attapulgite, 2 wt.% sodium carboxymethyl starch, and 1 wt.% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. The present invention does not limit the order and method of mixing, and methods known to those skilled in the art can be used.

[0037] After obtaining the pelletized powder, the present invention sprays 1 / 4 of 1 wt.% carboxymethyl cellulose on sorghum seeds and mixes the mixture with 1 / 4 of the pelletized powder in (1) to obtain Class 1 seeds. The present invention does not limit the order and method of the mixing, and methods known to those skilled in the art can be used.

[0038] After obtaining the first-grade seeds, the present invention mixes the first-grade seeds with the active ingredient, sprays 1 / 4 of 1 wt.% carboxymethyl cellulose, and mixes with 1 / 4 of the pelletized powder in (1) to obtain second-grade seeds. The present invention does not limit the order and method of the mixing, and methods well known to those skilled in the art can be used. The present invention does not limit the method of the spraying, and methods well known to those skilled in the art can be used.

[0039] After obtaining the second-grade seeds, 1 / 4 of 1 wt.% carboxymethyl cellulose is sprayed on the second-grade seeds and mixed with 1 / 4 of the pelletized powder in (1) to obtain third-grade seeds. The present invention does not limit the spraying method, and any method known to those skilled in the art can be used.

[0040] After obtaining the grade 3 seeds, the present invention sprays 1 / 4 of 1 wt.% carboxymethyl cellulose on the grade 3 seeds and mixes it with 1 / 4 of the pelletized powder and color paste in (1) to obtain grade 4 seeds. The present invention does not limit the spraying method in any way, and any method known to those skilled in the art can be used.

[0041] After obtaining the fourth-grade seeds, the present invention performs drying on the fourth-grade seeds to obtain pelletized coated seeds. The drying time of the present invention is preferably 40 minutes, and the temperature is preferably 36° C. to 39° C.

[0042] In the present invention, after the drying, if the coated seeds are not used immediately, the coated seeds can be sealed and stored.

[0043] The sorghum pelletized seed coating agent of the present invention combines seed coating for long-term control of borers and aphids with pelletization. On the one hand, the plant carries the agent to directly act on the target pests, changing the traditional control strategy of "seeing the insects and applying the agent" to "carrying the agent and waiting for the insects". On the other hand, the agent can stimulate the plant to produce other metabolites that affect the survival of the target pests, similar to the vaccination of humans or animals to resist diseases, shifting the focus of control to preventive management. Its new technology of prevention and control concept overturns the current pest control strategy, reduces the number of pest control operations, and changes the existing sorghum pest control dilemma. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the sorghum seeds prepared using the sorghum pelletized seed coating agent of the present invention are applied to the field, which can solve the early stage borer and aphid control in brewing sorghum, reduce environmental pollution and residues of agricultural products, reduce the number of chemical applications for brewing sorghum, and have a long lasting effect.

[0044] Based on the above advantages, the present invention provides the use of the sorghum pelletized seed coating agent described in the above technical solution for improving sorghum insect resistance and / or inhibiting pest growth; the use preferably includes the following steps: sowing pelletized coated seeds obtained by coating with the sorghum pelletized seed coating agent described in the above technical solution. The preparation method of the pelletized coated seeds in the present invention has been discussed in detail above and will not be repeated here. The active ingredients, mixing method and drying method have been discussed in detail in the above technical solution of the present invention and will not be repeated here. The present invention does not impose any restrictions on the spraying and sowing methods, and methods familiar to those skilled in the art can be used. The sorghum seeds of the present invention are preferably sorghum seeds obtained after selection, and more preferably sorghum seeds that comply with the provisions of GB 4404.1-2008; the selection step preferably includes removing weed seeds and bad seeds mixed in the sorghum seeds.

[0045] In the present invention, the insects preferably include stem borers and / or aphids; and the growth inhibition of the pests is preferably achieved by inhibiting adult emergence and prolonging the development of the pests. The sorghum pelleting seed coating agent of the present invention can increase the soluble sugar and flavonoid content in sorghum leaves, thereby enhancing sorghum's resistance to target pests. It also increases the tannin content in sorghum leaves, significantly reducing insect feeding and inhibiting pest growth, primarily by inhibiting adult emergence and prolonging development.

[0046] Based on the above advantages, the present invention provides the use of the sorghum pelletized seed coating agent described in the above-mentioned technical solution for controlling pests, wherein the pests include aboveground pests and / or underground pests; the aboveground pests include borers and / or aphids; and the underground pests include white grubs and / or cutworms. When sorghum seeds prepared using the sorghum pelletized seed coating agent of the present invention are applied in the field, the sorghum pelletized seed coating agent can effectively control borers and aphids in the early and middle stages of sorghum growth, and can replace the application of chemical pesticides twice during the seedling and jointing stages, thereby reducing the use of chemical pesticides by at least one to two times in actual production.

[0047] To further illustrate the present invention, the sorghum pelletized seed coating agent for long-term control of stem borers and aphids and its application provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] Application Example 1: Screening of pelletized active substances suitable for use in sorghum

[0049] 1. Test Materials

[0050] 1.1 Sorghum Seeds: Yangmian No. 9 (formerly known as Qianniang (Liang) No. 1), a new glutinous sorghum variety specifically for brewing, developed through the joint targeted breeding of the Suqian Agricultural Science Institute of the Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Jiangsu Yanghe Brewery Co., Ltd.) This high-quality sorghum meets the physical and chemical requirements for amylose, tannins, and protein in the cotton-soft type of brewing sorghum, and exhibits excellent overall resistance.

[0051] 1.2 Active substances: All are purchased from conventional sources in this field.

[0052] 2. Field Application

[0053] (1) Experimental location: The experimental site is located in the Brewing Raw Grain Innovation Base of Yanghe New District, Suqian City, Jiangsu Province (33.78°N, 118.44°E). The land of the experimental plot is flat, the fertility is uniform, and the field management is consistent.

[0054] (2) Experimental design: The experiment was conducted in six treatments, designated T1 to T6, with three parallel experiments for each treatment. A total of 18 plots were randomly arranged in blocks, each with an area of ​​approximately 30 m2. 2 , row spacing is 50cm, plant spacing is 14cm, and protective isolation zones are set up between plots.

[0055] This study has 6 treatments, namely:

[0056] T1: Active ingredients: 200g / L chlorantraniliprole SC 15mL, 30wt.% thiamethoxam SC 16.7mL, and 430g / L tebuconazole SC 0.465mL; ​​after sowing, no pesticide control was applied;

[0057] Active ingredient preparation: Taking 1 kg of sorghum seeds as an example, weigh 15 mL of 200 g / L chlorantraniliprole SC, 16.7 mL of 30 wt.% thiamethoxam SC, and 0.465 mL of 430 g / L tebuconazole SC;

[0058] Specific steps of coating: (1) Before pelleting and coating, the sorghum naked seeds are carefully selected to remove weed seeds and bad seeds mixed in the naked seeds; the seed quality should comply with the provisions of GB 4404.1-2008;

[0059] (2) Active substances chlorantraniliprole, thiamethoxam, and tebuconazole are mixed with seeds according to effective doses to obtain coated seeds.

[0060] T2: The active ingredients are: 200g / L chlorantraniliprole SC 30mL, 30wt% thiamethoxam SC 33.3mL, and 430g / L tebuconazole SC 0.93mL; after sowing, no pesticide control is applied;

[0061] Active ingredient preparation: Taking 1 kg of sorghum seeds as an example, weigh 30 mL of 200 g / L chlorantraniliprole SC, 33.3 mL of 30 wt% thiamethoxam SC, and 0.93 mL of 430 g / L tebuconazole SC;

[0062] Coating is the same as T1.

[0063] T3: Active ingredients: 10 wt.% tetrachlorantraniliprole SC 20 g, 48 wt.% clothianidin SC 8 mL, and 10 wt.% azoxystrobin CS 80 mL; after sowing, no pesticide control was applied;

[0064] Preparation of active ingredients: Taking 1 kg of sorghum seeds as an example, weigh 20 g of 10 wt.% tetrachlorantraniliprole SC, 8 mL of 48 wt.% clothianidin SC, and 80 mL of 10 wt.% azoxystrobin CS;

[0065] Coating is the same as T1.

[0066] T4: Active ingredients: 10 wt.% tetrachlorantraniliprole SC 40 g, 48 wt.% clothianidin SC 16 mL, and 10 wt.% azoxystrobin CS 160 mL; after sowing, no pesticide control was applied;

[0067] Preparation of active ingredients: Taking 1 kg of sorghum seeds as an example, weigh 40 g of 10 wt.% tetrachlorantraniliprole SC, 16 mL of 48 wt.% clothianidin SC, and 160 mL of 10 wt.% azoxystrobin CS;

[0068] Coating is the same as T1.

[0069] T5: Normal chemical control, bare seeds were not coated, and conventional stem and leaf spraying was performed in the field. The pesticides used were: 25 wt.% pyrazostrobin SC, 40 wt.% difenoconazole SC, 200 g / L chlorantraniliprole SC, 10 wt.% imidacloprid SC, and 21 wt.% thiamethoxam SC. The details of the pesticides used are shown in Table 1.

[0070] Table 1: T5 medication frequency, time, dosage and dosage

[0071]

[0072]

[0073] T6: Naked seeds were used as blank control, without seed coating and normal chemical control.

[0074] Through field trials, this study determined the efficacy and safety of seed dressing with different dosages and types of pesticides for controlling pests and diseases in sorghum fields. The efficacy of different pesticide treatments against head smut is shown in Table 2, the efficacy of different pesticide treatments against aphids is shown in Table 3, the efficacy of different pesticide treatments against stem borers is shown in Table 4, and the impact of different pesticide treatments on sorghum safety is shown in Table 5.

[0075] Table 2 Field control effects of different seed treatments on head smut

[0076]

[0077] Note: Different lowercase letters after the data in the same column indicate significant differences at the p < 0.05 level.

[0078] As shown in Table 2, all four treatments (T1–T4) demonstrated some control efficacy against sorghum head smut. The efficacy was proportional to the treatment concentration and decreased over time. T2 (0.93 mL of 30 g / L tebuconazole SC) and T4 (160 mL of 10% azoxystrobin CS) performed particularly well. No disease was observed at the seedling stage, with control efficacy reaching 100% for each treatment. Effectiveness was even greater at the jointing stage, with control efficacy reaching 89.07% and 88.36%, respectively, exceeding that of standard chemical control (P < 0.01).

[0079] Table 3 Control effects of different pesticides on aphids

[0080]

[0081]

[0082] Note: Different lowercase letters after the data in the same column indicate significant differences at the p < 0.05 level.

[0083] As shown in Table 3, of the four treatments (T1-T4), T2 (30% thiamethoxam SC, 33.3 mL) performed best, achieving a control efficacy of 95.83%. Its effectiveness at the seedling stage was significantly higher than that of the chemical control (P < 0.05, 91.67%). There were no significant differences in effectiveness at the jointing and booting stages compared to the normal chemical control. The effectiveness of the remaining three treatments was as follows: T4 (48% clothianidin SC, 16 mL, 91.67%) > T1 (30% thiamethoxam SC, 16.7 mL, 87.50%) > T3 (48% clothianidin SC, 8 mL, 83.33%) (P < 0.05).

[0084] Table 4 The control effect of different pesticides on seed borers

[0085]

[0086] Note: Different lowercase letters after the data in the same column indicate significant differences at the p < 0.05 level.

[0087] As shown in Table 4, the damage rates of the six treatments at the seedling stage were 0.09%, 0.02%, 0.1%, 0.04%, 0.05%, and 0.75%, respectively. All four treatments (T1–T4) showed some control efficacy against stem borers, ranging from 86.7% to 97.33%. Among the four treatments (T1–T4), T2 (200 g / L chlorantraniliprole SC, 30 mL) performed best, achieving a control efficacy of 97.33%, higher than T5 (P < 0.05). T4 (48% clothianidin SC, 16 mL) achieved a control efficacy of 94.67%, which was not significantly different from T5 (P > 0.05).

[0088] Results from the jointing stage survey showed that the control efficacy of the four different pesticide treatments (T1 to T4) on sorghum decreased, ranging from 75.49% to 96.27%. T2 (200 g / L chlorantraniliprole SC 30 mL) performed best, with a control efficacy of 96.27%, which was not significantly different from T5 (P>0.05). T2 (200 g / L chlorantraniliprole SC 30 mL, 96.27%) was greater than T1 (200 g / L chlorantraniliprole SC 15 mL, 78.04%) (P<0.05). There were significant differences between T3 and T4 (two concentrations of clothianidin), with control efficacy exceeding 70%.

[0089] Table 5 Effects of seed treatment with different pesticides on the quality of sorghum seedlings

[0090]

[0091]

[0092] Note: Different lowercase letters after the data in the same column indicate significant differences at the p < 0.05 level.

[0093] As shown in Table 5, different seed treatment formulas had no difference in sorghum germination rate, seedling height, and stem base width compared with bare seeds; they had a certain effect on root length, which was negatively correlated with the concentration.

[0094] At the same time, field observations were carried out, and it was found that the emergence time of different seed treatments was about 1 day later than that of bare seeds, but there was almost no effect on the emergence rate; no drug damage such as yellowing of seedlings and growth retardation occurred during the field growth process; compared with the seed fields without seed treatment, the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in the seed-treated test fields was lighter.

[0095] The above results show that the combined seed dressing treatment of 200g / L chlorantraniliprole SC 30mL + 30% thiamethoxam SC 33.3mL + 430g / L tebuconazole SC 0.93mL has a good control effect on sorghum head smut, borers and aphids.

[0096] Application Example 2

[0097] 1. Test Materials

[0098] 1.1 Sorghum Seeds: Yangmian No. 9 (formerly known as Qianniang (Liang) No. 1), a new glutinous sorghum variety specifically for brewing, developed through the joint targeted breeding of the Suqian Agricultural Science Institute of the Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Jiangsu Yanghe Brewery Co., Ltd.) This high-quality sorghum meets the physical and chemical requirements for amylose, tannins, and protein in the cotton-soft type of brewing sorghum, and exhibits excellent overall resistance.

[0099] 1.2 Active substances: 200 g / L chlorantraniliprole SC (FMC, USA), 30 wt.% thiamethoxam SC (Qingdao Jinzheng Pesticide Co., Ltd.), 430 g / L tebuconazole SC (Bayer CropScience (China) Co., Ltd.).

[0100] 1.3 Inert materials: Clay and attapulgite are preferably purchased from Hebei Hongyao Mineral Products Processing Co., Ltd.; color paste is preferably purchased from Hangzhou Hongjing Paint Decoration Materials; sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl starch are preferably purchased from Henan Wanbang Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.;

[0101] The carboxymethyl cellulose is configured to have a carboxymethyl cellulose content of 1 wt. %; and the sodium carboxymethyl starch is configured to have a carboxymethyl starch content of 2 wt. %.

[0102] 2. Field Application

[0103] (1) Experimental location: The experimental site is located in the Brewing Raw Grain Innovation Base of Yanghe New District, Suqian City, Jiangsu Province (33.78°N, 118.44°E). The land of the experimental plot is flat, the fertility is uniform, and the field management is consistent.

[0104] (2) Experimental design: The experiment was conducted with seven treatments, designated T1 to T7, and three parallel experiments were conducted for each treatment, totaling 21 plots, which were randomly arranged in blocks. Each plot had an area of ​​approximately 30 m 2 , row spacing is 50cm, plant spacing is 14cm, and protective isolation zones are set up between plots.

[0105] This study has 7 treatments as follows:

[0106] T1: Seeds coated with reduced pesticide dosage, i.e., the coating agent used for the seed coating contained 3 g / kg of chlorantraniliprole, 5 mL / kg of thiamethoxam, and 0.2 g / kg of tebuconazole. After sowing, no pesticide control was applied.

[0107] Preparation of active ingredients: Taking 1 kg of sorghum seeds as an example, weigh 15 mL of 200 g / L chlorantraniliprole SC, 16.7 mL of 30 wt.% thiamethoxam SC, and 0.465 mL of 430 g / L tebuconazole SC.

[0108] Preparation of inert substance: The inert substance is weighed so that the total mass of the active substance and the inert substance is approximately three times the mass of the sorghum seeds, that is, the mass ratio of the pelletized coated seeds after coating with the inert substance and the active ingredient to the sorghum seeds is 4:1; the mass ratio of the inert filler material, film-forming agent, disintegrant and adhesive in the inert substance is 65:3:3:6, and the mass ratio of the inert substance in the sorghum pelletized seed coating agent to the sorghum seeds should preferably meet the requirement that the particle size of the coated sorghum seeds is greater than 5.5 mm; clay and attapulgite are used as inert fillers, and the mass ratio of clay to attapulgite is 2:3; 1wt.% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and acid amaranth are used as colorable film-forming agents, and the volume ratio of 1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and acid amaranth in the film-forming agent is 1:0.8; 2wt.% sodium carboxymethyl starch is used as a disintegrant; and 1wt.% carboxymethyl cellulose is used as an adhesive.

[0109] Specific steps of coating: (1) Before pelleting and coating, the sorghum naked seeds are carefully selected to remove weed seeds and bad seeds mixed in the naked seeds; the seed quality should comply with the provisions of GB 4404.1-2008;

[0110] (2) Weighing clay, attapulgite, 2 wt.% sodium carboxymethyl starch, and 1 wt.% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose according to the above weight, placing them in a blender and mixing them thoroughly to prepare pelletized powder for later use;

[0111] (3) Weighing the binder according to the proportion and preparing it into a 1% aqueous solution, i.e., 1 wt.% carboxymethyl cellulose;

[0112] (4) Add the naked seeds selected in step (1) to a pelletizing machine, take 1 / 4 of the mass of the carboxymethyl cellulose obtained in step (3) and spray it on the surface of the naked seeds, take 1 / 4 of the pelletizing powder in step (2) and mix it with the obtained seeds as the first layer of pelletizing coating.

[0113] (5) adding the active substances chlorantraniliprole, thiamethoxam, and tebuconazole in effective doses, spraying 1 / 4 of the mass of the carboxymethyl cellulose obtained in step (3) on the surface of the obtained seeds, and mixing 1 / 4 of the mass of the pelletized powder in step (2) with the obtained seeds to form the second layer of pelletized coating;

[0114] (6) spraying 1 / 4 of the mass of the carboxymethyl cellulose obtained in step (3) on the surface of the obtained seeds, and mixing 1 / 4 of the mass of the pelletized powder in step (2) with the obtained seeds as the third layer of pelletized coating;

[0115] (7) Spray 1 / 4 of the mass of the carboxymethyl cellulose obtained in step (3) on the surface of the obtained seeds, and mix 1 / 4 of the mass of the pelletized powder in step (2) with acid amaranth (warning color) and the obtained seeds as the fourth layer of pelletized coating;

[0116] (8) The pelletized coated seeds obtained by the above steps are dried and then sealed in bags to obtain pelletized coated seeds.

[0117] T2: pelleted seeds coated with a normal dosage of pesticides, i.e., the active ingredient content of chlorantraniliprole in the coating agent used for the coated seeds is 6g / kg seed, the active ingredient content of thiamethoxam is 10mL / kg seed, and the active ingredient content of tebuconazole is 0.4g / kg seed. After sowing, no pesticide control is applied;

[0118] The specific preparation steps are:

[0119] Preparation of active ingredients: Taking 1 kg of sorghum seeds as an example, weigh 30 mL of 200 g / L chlorantraniliprole SC, 33.3 mL of 30 wt.% thiamethoxam SC, and 0.93 mL of 430 g / L tebuconazole SC.

[0120] Inactive substance preparation and coating are the same as T1.

[0121] T3: Pelted seeds with a 15% seed weight reduction, i.e., the coating agent used for the coated seeds contains 6 g of chlorantraniliprole per kg of seed, 10 mL of thiamethoxam per kg of seed, and 0.4 g of tebuconazole per kg of seed. No pesticide control is applied after sowing.

[0122] The specific preparation steps are:

[0123] Preparation of active ingredients: Taking 0.85 kg of sorghum seeds as an example, weigh 25.5 mL of 200 g / L chlorantraniliprole SC, 28.3 mL of 30 wt.% thiamethoxam SC, and 0.79 mL of 430 g / L tebuconazole SC.

[0124] Inactive substance preparation and coating are the same as T1.

[0125] T4: Pelted seeds with a 30% seed weight reduction, i.e., the coating agent used for the coated seeds contains 6 g of chlorantraniliprole per kg of seed, 10 mL of thiamethoxam per kg of seed, and 0.4 g of tebuconazole per kg of seed. No pesticide control is applied after sowing.

[0126] The specific preparation steps are:

[0127] Preparation of active ingredients: Taking 0.7 kg of sorghum seeds as an example, weigh 21 mL of 200 g / L chlorantraniliprole SC, 23.3 mL of 30 wt.% thiamethoxam SC, and 0.65 mL of 430 g / L tebuconazole SC.

[0128] Inactive substance preparation and coating are the same as T1.

[0129] T5: Coated seeds obtained by conventional seed treatment, i.e., the coating agent used for the coated seeds has an active ingredient content of 6 g / kg seed of chlorantraniliprole, an active ingredient content of 10 mL / kg seed of thiamethoxam, and an active ingredient content of 0.4 g / kg seed of tebuconazole. After sowing, no pesticide control was applied;

[0130] The specific preparation steps are:

[0131] Taking 1 kg of sorghum seeds as an example, weigh 30 mL of 200 g / L chlorantraniliprole SC, 33.3 mL of 30 wt.% thiamethoxam SC, and 0.93 mL of 430 g / L tebuconazole SC. Manually mix the seeds, ensuring that the mixture is evenly stirred and does not damage the seeds. After mixing, dry the seeds in a cool place.

[0132] T6: Normal chemical control. The sorghum field was treated with chemicals 5 times in total during the entire growth period. The details of the chemical use are shown in Table 6.

[0133] T7: blank control, sorghum naked seeds were not coated and no normal chemical control was performed.

[0134] Table 6: T6 medication frequency, time, dosage and dosage

[0135]

[0136] 2. Experimental Results

[0137] 1. Dissolution dynamics of different agents

[0138] (1) Degradation dynamics of chlorantraniliprole in leaves

[0139] Sampling of T1 to T5 was carried out on the 7th, 12th, 19th, 35th, 47th, 56th, 67th and 91st day after sowing. Five sampling points were used in each plot to obtain 2 to 3 leaves near the top of the sorghum plants. The effective amount of chlorantraniliprole in sorghum plants at different growth stages was detected using HPLC-MC / MC technology. The test results are shown in Table 7.

[0140] Table 7 Degradation dynamics of chlorantraniliprole in leaves

[0141]

[0142]

[0143] Note: Data in the same column are suffixed with different letters, indicating significant differences at the p < 0.05 level. Horizontal comparisons are indicated by uppercase letters ABCD, while vertical comparisons are indicated by lowercase letters abcd.

[0144] As shown in Table 7, chlorantraniliprole dissolves rapidly in leaves from 7 to 19 days after sowing, with its content showing a significant downward trend. However, from 19 to 91 days, chlorantraniliprole content in sorghum leaves, while still decreasing, ceased to show significant differences. From 7 to 56 days after sowing, chlorantraniliprole content in T2, T3, and T4 (pelletized and coated) was significantly lower than that in the conventional seed treatment (constant agent dosage), T5. Chlorantraniliprole content in T2, T3, T4, and T5 was significantly higher than that in T1. From 67 to 91 days after sowing, the effective chlorantraniliprole content in leaves of all treatments remained relatively unchanged. T2, T3, T4, and T5 were all significantly higher than those in T1, with no significant differences between T2, T3, T4, and T5.

[0145] (2) Degradation dynamics of thiamethoxam in leaves

[0146] Sampling of T1 to T5 was carried out on the 7th, 12th, 19th, 35th, 47th, 56th, 67th and 91st day after sowing. Five sampling points were used in each plot to obtain 2 to 3 leaves near the top of the sorghum plants. The effective amount of thiamethoxam in sorghum plants at different growth stages was detected using HPLC-MC / MC technology. The test results are shown in Table 8.

[0147] Table 8 Degradation dynamics of thiamethoxam in leaves

[0148]

[0149] Note: Data in the same column are suffixed with different letters, indicating significant differences at the p < 0.05 level. Horizontal comparisons are indicated by uppercase letters ABCD, while vertical comparisons are indicated by lowercase letters abcd.

[0150] As shown in Table 8, the thiamethoxam content showed a significant downward trend from the 7th to the 35th day of sorghum growth (all treatments showed this result, p < 0.05). From the 47th to the 91st day, the effective content of thiamethoxam in the leaves of each treatment decreased slowly.

[0151] Among the different treatments, the order of thiamethoxam content from high to low during the same period was conventional seed treatment (T1) > pelletized seed coating (T2, T3, T4) > T1 (reduced dosage). Pelletized seed coating (T2, T3, T4) was significantly higher than T1 (p < 0.05), and no significant differences were found between T2 to T5 after 47 days.

[0152] 2. Comparison of the control effects of T1 to T7 on borers, aphids and underground pests

[0153] (1) Control effect on stem borers

[0154] 2.1 Control effect on early and middle stage stem borers

[0155] The stem borer control efficacy of T1 to T7 was investigated at the seedling stage (25 days after sowing) and the jointing stage (35 days after sowing). The results are shown in Table 9.

[0156] Table 9 Control effects of different treatments on early and middle stage stem borers

[0157]

[0158] Note: Data in the same column in the table have different lowercase letters, indicating significant differences at the p < 0.05 level.

[0159] As shown in Table 9, there was no significant difference in the control effect between T2 to T4, T5, and T6 in the early and middle growth stages of sorghum. This indicates that the sorghum pelletized seed coating agent of the present invention can play an effective role in preventing and controlling stem borers in the early and middle growth stages of sorghum, and can replace the application of chemical pesticides twice in the seedling stage and the jointing stage, thereby reducing the use of chemical agents by at least 1 to 2 times in actual production.

[0160] 2.2 Control effect on mid- and late-stage stem borers

[0161] The stem borer control efficacy of T1 to T7 was investigated at the booting stage (55 days after sowing), initial earing stage (65 days after sowing) and full earing stage (75 days after sowing). The results are shown in Table 10.

[0162] Table 10 Control effects of different treatments on mid- and late-stage stem borers

[0163]

[0164] Note: Data in the same column in the table have different lowercase letters, indicating significant differences at the p < 0.05 level.

[0165] Table 10 shows that the borer damage rates for T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, and T7 during the sorghum heading stage were 12.67%, 2%, 2.33%, 2.67%, 3.33%, 1.67%, and 48.66%, respectively. All of T1, T2, and T7 showed control effectiveness against sorghum. However, there were no significant differences between T2, T3, and T6, with control effectiveness ranging from 93.15% to 96.56%. T1 was less effective against borers, with a control effectiveness of 73.97%.

[0166] At the initial heading stage, stem borer damage rates for T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T1 were 19.67%, 5%, 4.67%, 5.33%, 7.6%, 4%, and 65.67%, respectively. The control efficacy of T6 on sorghum was ranked from highest to lowest: T3 (T2 and T4) > T5 > T1 (p < 0.05). The control efficacy of T2, T4, and T5 ranged from 91.88% to 92.89%, with T5 achieving 88.42%. T1 was the least effective, achieving 70.05%. No significant differences were observed among T2, T4, and T5.

[0167] Sorghum borer damage was severe during the full-heading stage, with borer damage rates of 21.33%, 7%, 6.33%, 7.33%, 10.52%, 5%, and 74.3% in T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively. The control efficacy of T2, T3, T4 (90.58%, 91.48%, and 90.13%) was significantly higher than that of T5 (85.84%) (p < 0.05). T1 was the least effective, with a control efficacy of 71.29%. No significant differences were observed among T2, T3, and T4.

[0168] (2) Effect on the prevention and control of aphids

[0169] The aphid control efficacy of T1 to T7 was investigated at the seedling stage (25 days after sowing), jointing stage (35 days after sowing), booting stage (55 days after sowing), initial heading stage (65 days after sowing) and full heading stage (75 days after sowing). The results are shown in Table 11.

[0170] Table 11 The control effect of different treatments on aphids

[0171]

[0172]

[0173] Note: The lowercase letters after the same data in the table indicate significant differences at the p < 0.05 level.

[0174] As shown in Table 11, 25 days after sowing, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between T2-T4, with control efficacies of 98.71%, 98.06%, and 100%, respectively. There was no significant difference between T2-T6. T1 had a lower control efficacy against aphids, at only 77.42%.

[0175] 35 days after sowing, T2-T4 achieved aphid control efficacy exceeding 97.77%, while T5 achieved aphid control efficacy of 96.9%, slightly lower than T2-T4, with no significant difference. Throughout the seedling stage to the jointing stage, there was no significant difference between T2-T6, with aphid control efficacy exceeding 95%. This indicates that the sorghum pelletized seed coating agent described herein can effectively control aphids during the early and middle stages of sorghum growth and can replace two chemical pesticide applications during the seedling and jointing stages, reducing the use of chemical pesticides by at least one or two times in actual production.

[0176] At 55 days of booting stage, there was no significant difference between T2 to T5 (P>0.05), with control efficacy of 85.40%, 85.82%, 85.57% and 80.93% respectively. T1 had the lowest control efficacy against aphids, which was 65.90%.

[0177] At 65 days after the initial heading stage, the aphid control efficacy of the different treatments showed a decreasing trend. T2-T4 showed the highest efficacy, with efficacy rates of 79.97%, 80.14%, and 80.10%, respectively. T5 showed significantly lower efficacy than the pelletized coating (constant dosage), achieving an efficacy of 73.04%. At 75 days after the full heading stage, T2-T4 showed significantly higher efficacy than T1, with no significant differences among T2-T4. T1 showed the lowest efficacy.

[0178] T6 is a chemical control method. Although its control effect is sometimes higher than that of the sorghum pelleting treatment described in the present invention, the large amount of drugs used cannot reduce the amount of drugs used. The sorghum pelleting seed dressing agent described in the present invention can reduce the amount and frequency of chemical control drugs used in the middle and early stages, and can achieve control effects in the middle and early stages while reducing the amount of drugs used.

[0179] (3) Control effect on underground pests

[0180] Underground pests are the main cause of sorghum seedling breakage and lack of seedlings, and they mainly cause damage during the sorghum seedling stage. In this experiment, the number of broken seedlings was counted in each area and plant by plant on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 12th day after sowing. Two rows of about 100 seedlings were randomly selected for investigation in each repetition. The seedling breakage rate of each treatment was calculated, and the control effect of underground pests was also counted. The results are shown in Table 12.

[0181] Table 12 Control effects of different treatments on underground pests

[0182]

[0183]

[0184] The results are shown in Table 12. T2 to T5 have good control effects on underground pests, with control efficiencies of more than 95% at 1d, 3d, 7d, and 12d, which are significantly higher than T1, which has half the dosage.

[0185] 3. Effects on biochemical substances in different growth stages of sorghum

[0186] (1) Soluble sugar content

[0187] On the 7th, 12th, 19th, 35th, 47th, 56th, 67th and 91st day after sowing, samples were taken from 2 to 3 leaves near the top of the sorghum plants. The soluble sugar content, flavonoid content and tannin content of the sorghum plants at different growth stages were tested. The soluble sugar content was tested by anthrone colorimetry, the flavonoid content was tested by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and the tannin content was tested by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The test results are shown in Tables 13 to 15 and Figures 1 to 3 , the soluble sugar content test results are shown in Figure 1 , the flavonoid content test results are shown in Figure 2 , tannin content test results are shown in Figure 3 , Figures 1 to 3 Medium pelleting is T2, conventional seed coating is T5, and CK is T7.

[0188] Table 13 Detection results of soluble sugar

[0189]

[0190]

[0191] Table 14 Test results of tannin

[0192]

[0193] Table 15 Detection results of flavonoids

[0194]

[0195]

[0196] Depend on Figure 1 As shown in Table 13, there was no significant difference in soluble sugar content between the pelleting treatment and the conventional seed dressing treatment on the 12th day after sowing. The soluble sugar content results on the 7th, 19th, 35th, 47th, 56th, 67th and 91st days all showed: T2>T5>CK.

[0197] Depend on Figure 2 As shown in Table 15, pelleting affects the flavonoid content of sorghum leaves at different growth stages. After pelleting, the flavonoid content of sorghum leaves increased significantly, and the flavonoid content at different growth stages showed:

[0198] T2>T5>T7, which is similar to the results of soluble sugar.

[0199] Depend on Figure 3As shown in Table 14, there were no significant differences in tannin content between T2, T5, and T7 at the seedling stage (days 7, 12, 19, and 35 after sowing). Pelleting affected tannin content in sorghum during the middle and late stages. On day 47 after sowing, tannin content in sorghum leaves in the T2 treatment increased by 54.01% compared to T7. On day 91 after sowing, tannin content in sorghum leaves in the T2 treatment increased by 21.29% compared to T7.

[0200] Conclusion: After pelleting, sorghum plants experience physiological and biochemical changes. This study showed that soluble sugar content in sorghum leaves was significantly higher than in the control during the middle and late stages of growth. Sugar is a crucial nutrient for various organisms, providing essential energy for biological activity. Increased soluble sugar content can improve plant resistance and enhance its resistance to pests.

[0201] Flavonoids are important secondary metabolites synthesized by plants, existing in bound or free forms. They can enhance a plant's resistance to stress and act as insect repellents, causing pests to avoid or reject them, or even poison them. The results of this study showed that pelleting significantly increased flavonoid content in sorghum leaves at all growth stages compared to the control, improving sorghum's resistance to borers and aphids.

[0202] Tannins are anti-nutritional factors with astringent properties. They can form indigestible complexes with proteins, carbohydrates, and metal ions, thereby reducing animal feeding rates and affecting nutrient absorption and utilization. The presence of tannins significantly reduces insect feeding, primarily by inhibiting adult emergence and prolonging development, thereby protecting plants from pests. The results of this study showed that pelletized sorghum showed a 54.01% increase in tannin content in leaves compared to the control at the heading and flowering stage (47 days after sowing). At the grain filling and maturity stage (91 days), tannin content in leaves increased by 21.29% compared to the control.

[0203] Therefore, pelleting treatment promoted the increase of biochemical substances (flavonoids and tannins) in sorghum leaves, improved the resistance of sorghum to pests at different growth stages, and thus reduced the damage of target pests to sorghum.

[0204] In summary, the sorghum pelletized seed coating agent provided by the present invention solves the problems of early stem borer and aphid control in brewing sorghum, reduces environmental pollution and residues of agricultural products, reduces the amount of chemical drugs used in brewing sorghum and the number of times of use, and has a long lasting effect. In addition, the present application has prepared composite pelletized coated sorghum seeds through research and development, combined the long-term prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests with pelletization, and carried out field application, clarified the digestion of the sorghum pelletized seed coating agent of the present invention in sorghum plants and its ability to control target pests, and the duration of prevention and control of stem borers and aphids in the field, forming a new technology for long-term prevention and control of stem borers and aphids with composite pelletized coating of brewing sorghum seeds. In addition, the sorghum pelletized seed coating agent of the present invention can increase the soluble sugar and flavonoid content in sorghum leaves, thereby achieving the goal of improving sorghum's resistance to target pests, and also increasing the content of tannins in sorghum leaves, significantly reducing insect feeding, and inhibiting the growth of pests, mainly manifested in inhibiting adult emergence and prolonging pest development time.

[0205] Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with this technology can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the definition of the claims.

Claims

1. Use of a sorghum pelleting seed coating agent in improving sorghum insect resistance, characterized in that: The active substances in the sorghum pellet seed coating agent are composed of chlorantraniliprole, thiamethoxam and tebuconazole; The active ingredient content of chlorantraniliprole in the sorghum pellet seed coating agent is 6g / kg seed, the active ingredient content of thiamethoxam is 10mL / kg seed, and the active ingredient content of tebuconazole is 0.4g / kg seed; The pests in the insect resistance are ground pests; the ground pests are borers or aphids.

2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that The sorghum seed coating agent further comprises inactive substances; the inactive substances include inert filler materials, adhesives, film-forming agents and disintegrants.

3. The use according to claim 2, characterized in that Calculated based on the grain weight of naked sorghum seeds, the mass ratio of the pelletized coated seeds coated with the sorghum pelletized seed coating agent to the naked sorghum seeds is 4:

1.

4. The use according to claim 3, characterized in that The mass ratio of the inert filler material, the adhesive, the film-forming agent and the disintegrant is 55-66:2-3:2-3:5-8.

5. The use according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that The inert filling material includes clay and attapulgite; the mass ratio of the clay to the attapulgite is 2:

3.

6. The use according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that The film-forming agent includes sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and color paste; the volume ratio of the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and the color paste is 1:0.8; and the concentration of the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is 1 wt.%.

7. The use according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that The disintegrant is 2 wt.% of sodium carboxymethyl starch; and the adhesive is 1 wt.% of carboxymethyl cellulose.

8. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that The method includes the preparation of pelletized coated seeds, and the preparation method of the pelletized coated seeds includes: (1) mixing an inert filler material, a disintegrant, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose to obtain a pelletized powder; (2) spraying 1 / 4 of 1 wt.% carboxymethyl cellulose on sorghum seeds and mixing it with 1 / 4 of the pelletized powder in (1) to obtain grade 1 seeds; (3) Mixing the first-grade seeds with the active ingredient, spraying 1 / 4 of 1 wt.% carboxymethyl cellulose, and mixing with 1 / 4 of the pelletized powder in (1) to obtain second-grade seeds; (4) spraying 1 / 4 of 1 wt.% carboxymethyl cellulose on the second-grade seeds and mixing it with 1 / 4 of the pelletized powder in (1) to obtain third-grade seeds; (5) spraying 1 / 4 of 1 wt.% carboxymethyl cellulose on the grade 3 seeds, and mixing it with 1 / 4 of the pelletized powder and color paste in (1) to obtain grade 4 seeds; (6) Dry the grade 4 seeds to obtain pelletized coated seeds.

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