High-power superconducting charging pile

Abstract

This invention discloses a high-power superconducting charging pile, mainly addressing the problems of poor heat dissipation, low energy efficiency, and slow charging speed of existing charging piles. It includes: a charging pile assembly (1), an air-cooled heat dissipation assembly (2), and a current-carrying cable assembly (3). The charging pile assembly connects the power grid to the charging pile and includes an electrical circuit (11) and a power supply module (12). The air-cooled heat dissipation assembly cools the components inside the charging pile. The current-carrying cable assembly connects the charging pile assembly to an external load, enabling lossless DC charging. The power supply module and the current-carrying cable assembly form a complete superconducting charging circuit. The two ends of the air-cooled heat dissipation assembly are connected to the power supply module and a gas delivery pipeline, respectively, forming a complete air-cooled heat dissipation circuit. This invention completely eliminates the additional energy consumption caused by the heat exchange drive assembly and does not require an active heat exchanger, greatly improving energy efficiency and safety, and can be used for high-power fast charging of electric vehicles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of charging technology, specifically relating to a charging pile that can be used for high-power fast charging of electric vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] Existing liquid-cooled charging pile technology is an innovative technology that provides a heat dissipation solution for electric vehicle charging equipment. It effectively reduces the temperature of the charging pile by employing a liquid cooling system. This technology offers advantages such as excellent heat dissipation, high charging efficiency, long equipment lifespan, and adaptability to high-power charging. Liquid-cooled charging pile technology is particularly suitable for high-power fast charging equipment and is expected to see wider application and improvement in the electric vehicle market. However, the design and manufacturing of liquid-cooled charging pile technology are relatively complex, and the production cost is high.

[0003] Patent document CN202111496786.7 discloses "a liquid-cooled charging pile," which includes a heat dissipation component, a charging pile component, and a current-carrying cable component. The heat dissipation component consists of a cooling circulation loop, a liquid reservoir, and a radiator, used to dissipate heat from the internal power module of the charging pile. The charging pile component includes a drive power supply and a charging module, used to provide power and manage the charging process. The current-carrying cable component includes a charging gun and a conventional charging cable, used to connect the charging pile and the electric vehicle.

[0004] Patent document CN202222451985.2 discloses "a high-power liquid-cooled charging pile," which includes a heat dissipation component, a charging pile component, and a current-carrying cable component. The heat dissipation component includes a liquid cooling mechanism and water-cooling strips to reduce the temperature of heat-generating components. The charging pile component consists of a power module, a support base, and a controller, used to provide power and control the charging process. The current-carrying cable component includes a conventional charging cable and a charging gun for connecting the charging pile and the electric vehicle.

[0005] While the existing charging stations mentioned above can all dissipate heat from their internal heat-generating components, they still have the following shortcomings:

[0006] First, the power module of the charging pile has a low upper limit and is limited by heat dissipation performance, which restricts its output power and cannot support higher power charging demands. At the same time, due to the limited heat dissipation performance of the liquid cooling system, the generated heat cannot be effectively dissipated, thus affecting the power output and performance of the charging pile.

[0007] Secondly, the liquid cooling heat dissipation components have a complex structure and require additional coolant to drive the circulation equipment, increasing energy consumption. Furthermore, the liquid cooling system carries the risk of coolant leakage, which can damage the electrical components of the charging station.

[0008] Third, the use of conventional cables inevitably causes resistance loss, which reduces the current carrying capacity and thus slows down the charging speed. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of the prior art by providing a high-power superconducting charging pile, which significantly improves the heat dissipation performance of the charging pile, reduces energy loss, and thus increases charging power and accelerates charging speed.

[0010] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows:

[0011] I. Technical Principles:

[0012] This invention utilizes superconducting materials to transmit electrical energy based on superconducting cable technology, and designs superconducting charging piles by taking advantage of the zero-resistance characteristics of superconducting materials.

[0013] The superconducting cable consists of a superconducting core, protective materials, and an insulation layer. It offers advantages such as high energy efficiency transmission, high current carrying capacity, space saving, and environmental sustainability. It experiences almost no energy loss during power transmission, thus improving energy efficiency, and is suitable for high-power applications while saving space. Furthermore, superconducting cables are environmentally friendly, helping to reduce carbon emissions. With advancements in superconducting materials research and technology, superconducting cable technology is expected to become a next-generation solution for high-power fast charging of electric vehicles.

[0014] II. Technical Solution

[0015] Based on the above principles, the present invention designs a high-power superconducting charging pile, comprising: a charging pile assembly 1, an air-cooled heat dissipation assembly 2, and a current-carrying cable assembly 3, characterized in that:

[0016] The charging pile component 1 includes an electrical circuit 11 and a power supply module 12, which are used to connect the power grid and the charging pile to realize high-power power supply to the superconducting cable.

[0017] The air-cooled heat dissipation component 2 includes a gas delivery pipeline 21 and an air-cooled heat sink 22, which are used to connect the liquid nitrogen storage device and the power supply module to dissipate heat and cool the high heat-generating components in the charging pile.

[0018] The current-carrying cable assembly 3 includes a superconducting charging cable 31 and a terminal 32, which are used to connect the charging pile and the load battery to realize high-power fast charging of the load battery.

[0019] The power supply module 12 is connected to the terminal 32 and the superconducting charging cable 31 in sequence via electrical lines 11;

[0020] The two ends of the air-cooled radiator 22 are connected to the power supply module 12 and the gas delivery pipeline 21, respectively.

[0021] Furthermore, the power supply module 12 includes a power grid 121, a transformer module 122, a rectifier module 123, a power module 124, and a charging pile cabinet 125. The power grid 121 is connected to the transformer module 122, the rectifier module 123, and the power module 124 in sequence via electrical lines. The transformer module 122, the rectifier module 123, and the power module 124 are all located inside the charging pile cabinet 125 and are connected to the air-cooled heat dissipation component 2. The other end of the power module 124 is connected to the current-carrying cable assembly 3.

[0022] Furthermore, the gas delivery pipeline 21 includes a liquid nitrogen storage tank 211, a gas-liquid separator 212, and a refrigeration equipment cabinet 213; both the liquid nitrogen storage tank 211 and the gas-liquid separator 212 are located inside the refrigeration equipment cabinet 213, and one end of the liquid nitrogen storage tank 211 is connected to the current-carrying cable assembly 3, and the other end is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid separator 212; the gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator 212 is connected to the air-cooled radiator 22, and the liquid outlet is connected to the superconducting charging cable 31.

[0023] Furthermore, the air-cooled radiator 22 includes a heat dissipation fin plate 221, a radiator housing 222, an air inlet 223, and an exhaust outlet 224; one end of the heat dissipation fin plate 221 is connected to the radiator housing 222, and the other end is connected to the charging pile assembly 1; the air inlet 223 and the exhaust outlet 224 are both connected to the gas delivery pipeline 21.

[0024] Furthermore, the superconducting charging cable 31 includes a liquid nitrogen channel 311 and a superconducting conductor layer 312; the liquid nitrogen channel 311 is connected to the gas delivery pipeline 21, and the superconducting conductor layer 312 is connected to the terminal 32.

[0025] Furthermore, the terminal 32 includes a cable terminal 321 and a load battery 322; the load battery 322 is connected to the superconducting conductor layer 312 in the superconducting charging cable 31; one end of the cable terminal 321 is connected to the charging pile assembly 1, and the other end is connected to the superconducting conductor layer 312 in the superconducting charging cable 31.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0027] 1) This invention uses superconducting charging cable as the charging current-carrying cable. By utilizing the high-power, unobstructed current-carrying characteristics of superconductors, energy loss on the charging line can be completely eliminated, thus improving energy efficiency. At the same time, the current-carrying capacity of superconducting cable is more than ten times that of conventional current-carrying cable under the same volume, which can greatly improve the charging power, thereby accelerating the charging speed and reducing the footprint of the charging pile components.

[0028] 2) This invention employs a novel air-cooled heat dissipation structure. A gas-liquid separator separates the cold nitrogen gas, a byproduct of liquid nitrogen refrigeration, and circulates this cold nitrogen gas to cool the heat-generating module. This heat dissipation structure eliminates the need for any active heat exchanger components or cooling medium drive components, completely avoiding the additional energy consumption caused by heat exchange drive components and greatly improving energy efficiency. Furthermore, this heat dissipation structure uses low-temperature cold nitrogen gas as the cooling medium, which offers better performance than traditional air-cooled or room-temperature coolant-cooled structures, thereby increasing the power limit of the charging pile module.

[0029] 3) This invention designs a brand-new closed-loop air-cooled radiator structure, which is composed of a metal radiator shell and an oxygen-free copper heat dissipation fin plate. The installation position and method can be freely selected according to the actual working conditions, saving internal space of the charging pile. At the same time, the low-temperature cooling medium only flows in the circulation pipeline and inside the air-cooled radiator, without any direct contact with the electrical module of the charging pile, completely eliminating various risks that may be caused by coolant leakage, ensuring good heat dissipation performance while greatly improving the safety protection performance of the charging pile. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the air-cooled heat sink in this invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the air-cooled heat sink in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] Reference Figure 1 The high-power superconducting charging pile designed in this embodiment includes a charging pile assembly 1, an air-cooled heat dissipation assembly 2, and a current-carrying cable assembly 3.

[0035] The charging pile assembly 1 includes an electrical circuit 11 and a power supply module 12, used to connect the power grid and the charging pile to achieve high-power power supply to the superconducting cable, wherein:

[0036] The power supply module 12 includes a power grid 121, a transformer module 122, a rectifier module 123, a power module 124, and a charging pile cabinet 125.

[0037] The air-cooled heat dissipation component 2 includes a gas delivery pipeline 21 and an air-cooled radiator 22, which are used to connect the liquid nitrogen storage device and the power supply module to dissipate heat and cool the high heat-generating components in the charging pile. The gas delivery pipeline 21 includes a liquid nitrogen storage tank 211, a gas-liquid separator 212 and a refrigeration equipment cabinet 213.

[0038] The current-carrying cable assembly 3 includes a superconducting charging cable 31 and a terminal 32, which are used to connect the charging pile and the load battery to realize high-power fast charging of the load battery. The superconducting charging cable 31 includes a liquid nitrogen channel 311 and a superconducting conductor layer 312; the terminal 32 includes a cable terminal 321 and a load battery 322.

[0039] The connection relationships of the above components are as follows:

[0040] The power grid 121 is connected in series with the transformer module 122, rectifier module 123 and power module 124 via electrical lines 11. The transformer module 122, rectifier module 123 and power module 124 are all located inside the charging pile cabinet 125. The other end of the power module 124 is connected to the superconducting conductor layer 312 via electrical lines 11.

[0041] Both the liquid nitrogen storage tank 211 and the gas-liquid separator 212 are located inside the refrigeration equipment cabinet 213. The liquid nitrogen inlet of the liquid nitrogen storage tank 211 is connected to the outlet of the liquid nitrogen channel 311, and the liquid nitrogen outlet of the liquid nitrogen storage tank 211 is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid separator 212. The gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator 212 is connected to the inlet of the air-cooled radiator 22, and the liquid outlet is connected to the inlet of the liquid nitrogen channel 311.

[0042] The inlet of the liquid nitrogen channel 311 is connected to the gas delivery pipeline 21, and the outlet is connected to the return port of the liquid nitrogen storage tank 211; the superconducting conductor layer 312 is connected to the terminal 32 through a current lead; the positive and negative terminals of the load battery 322 are connected to the output positive and negative terminals of the superconducting conductor layer 312 through current leads, respectively; the electrical input terminal of the cable terminal 321 is connected to the power module 124 through an electrical line 11, and its electrical output terminal is connected to the superconducting conductor layer 312.

[0043] In this embodiment, the charging pile cabinet 125 may be made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel composite. The charging pile cabinet 125 is provided with multiple partitions to facilitate the fixing of the transformer module 122, rectifier module 123 and power module 124. The outer shell of the charging pile cabinet 125 is provided with multiple openings to enhance the convective heat transfer between the inside of the cabinet and the outside air and improve the heat dissipation performance.

[0044] The gas delivery pipeline 21 is made of, but is not limited to, a flexible stainless steel corrugated pipe, which can maintain good flexibility and airtightness while ensuring the mechanical strength of the pipeline; the liquid nitrogen storage tank 211 is made of, but is not limited to, a self-pressurizing liquid nitrogen tank, which can pressurize and drive the liquid nitrogen and nitrogen flow out without the use of a liquid nitrogen pump; the gas-liquid separator 212 is made of, but is not limited to, an aluminum alloy nitrogen-liquid nitrogen separator, which can separate the gas-liquid mixture introduced into it into gas and liquid without the need for an additional driving device; the refrigeration equipment cabinet 213 is made of, but is not limited to, stainless steel sheet metal, and has at least one buckle inside to fix the liquid nitrogen storage tank 211, the gas delivery pipeline 21 and the gas-liquid separator 212.

[0045] The air inlet 223 and the exhaust port 224 are selected, but not limited to, compression fitting right-angle pipe joints. One end of the air inlet 223 and the exhaust port 224 are sealed and welded to the radiator housing 222, and the other end is connected to the gas delivery pipeline 21 through a sealing pipe thread. At least one rubber sealing ring needs to be arranged at the threaded connection and wrapped with Teflon raw material tape to ensure the airtightness of the connection.

[0046] The heat sink fin plate 221 is made of, but is not limited to, high-purity oxygen-free copper. Multiple fins are machined on the oxygen-free copper plate to increase the convective heat transfer area of ​​the cold nitrogen gas. The contact surface between the heat sink fin plate 221 and the external module needs to be polished to ensure its surface smoothness and enhance heat dissipation performance. The heat sink housing 222 is made of, but is not limited to, stainless steel sheet metal. At least one rubber sealing ring must be provided at the connection between the heat sink housing 222 and the heat sink fin plate 221 to ensure the airtightness of the connection.

[0047] The liquid nitrogen channel 311 is made of stainless steel flexible vacuum bellows, which ensures mechanical strength and flexibility while having better thermal insulation performance. This reduces heat leakage between the liquid nitrogen inside the tube and the outside environment, and enhances the working stability of the superconducting cable.

[0048] The superconducting conductor layer 312 is divided into inner and outer layers. Both the inner and outer layers are made of YBCO second-generation high-temperature superconducting tape, but not limited to. The winding direction and helix angle of the two layers should be consistent to counteract the magnetic field generated inside the cable due to the current.

[0049] The cable terminal 321 is made of, but is not limited to, stainless steel. It has a composite vacuum interlayer and a vacuum interface inside. Activated carbon adsorbent and vacuum molecular sieve are installed inside the vacuum interlayer to improve the insulation effect of the entire terminal.

[0050] The installation position of the heat sink fin plate 221 can be freely adjusted according to the actual installation space inside the charging pile and the project requirements. During installation, it is necessary to ensure that the contact surface between the heat sink fin plate 221 and the external module is smooth and flat. During installation, it is necessary to use bolts to connect and pressurize to enhance the heat conduction performance.

[0051] Reference Figure 2 The air-cooled radiator 22 includes a heat dissipation fin plate 221, a radiator shell 222, an air inlet 223, and an exhaust outlet 224. The outer side of the heat dissipation fin plate 221 is fastened to the radiator shell 222 by bolts, and the air inlet 223 and the exhaust outlet 224 are both welded and fixed to the outer side of the radiator shell 222.

[0052] Reference Figure 3 The bottom surface of the heat sink 221 is in close contact with the power module 124 and is connected to the gas delivery pipe 21 to allow the inflow and outflow of cold nitrogen. During installation, the air-cooled heat sink 22 requires the application of a thermally conductive medium, including but not limited to thermal grease or liquid metal thermal paste, to the connection points between the heat sink 221 and the external module to fill the gaps and enhance heat dissipation performance. The applied thermally conductive medium layer should be as thin as possible, and no thermally conductive medium should overflow around the connection points after the air-cooled heat sink 22 is installed.

[0053] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows:

[0054] The power grid 121 is used to provide high-voltage engineering AC power. After passing through the transformer module 122, the voltage of the AC power is transformed to a suitable level. Then, the rectifier module 123 converts the engineering AC power into high-power DC power. Finally, the DC power is transformed by the power module 124 to achieve controllable DC power output to the cable terminal 321. The cable terminal 321 connects the high-power DC power to the load battery 322 through the superconducting conductor layer 312, forming a complete electrical circuit for high-power superconducting charging.

[0055] Liquid nitrogen storage tank 211 is used to provide liquid nitrogen and nitrogen gas. The gas-liquid mixture is separated into cold nitrogen gas and liquid nitrogen after passing through gas-liquid separator 212. The separated cold nitrogen gas is connected to the air-cooled heat sink 22 through gas delivery pipeline 21 from the gas outlet of gas-liquid separator 212. The cold nitrogen gas is introduced through air inlet 223, and after sufficient convective heat exchange with heat dissipation fin plate 221 inside the heat sink, it is discharged through exhaust port 224 to gas delivery pipeline 21. The circulated cold nitrogen gas is finally discharged to the outside through charging pile cabinet 125. The separated liquid nitrogen is introduced into liquid nitrogen channel 311 from the liquid outlet of gas-liquid separator 212 to cool the superconducting cable to the superconducting state, and finally flows back to liquid nitrogen storage tank 211, forming a complete cable cooling circuit.

[0056] During operation, the liquid nitrogen storage tank 211 is first pressurized to 0.5-0.9 MPa. The outlet valve is then slowly opened to allow the gas-liquid mixture of nitrogen and liquid nitrogen to flow out slowly. After the charging pile assembly and the air-cooling heat dissipation assembly have cooled down, the outlet valve is slightly opened to allow liquid nitrogen to slowly flow into the liquid nitrogen channel 311 to cool the superconducting conductor layer 312. Once the superconducting conductor layer 312 has cooled down to a superconducting state, the power switch is turned on to connect the current from the grid 121 to the charging pile. The flow rate of the gas-liquid mixture is adjusted in real time according to the changes in charging power to ensure that the superconducting conductor layer 312 is immersed in liquid nitrogen throughout the process.

[0057] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation on the present invention. Obviously, those skilled in the art, after understanding the content and principles of the present invention, may make various modifications and changes in form and details without departing from the principles and structure of the present invention. However, these modifications and changes based on the ideas of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-power superconducting charging pile, comprising: The charging pile assembly (1), the air-cooled heat dissipation assembly (2), and the current-carrying cable assembly (3) are characterized in that: The charging pile assembly (1) includes an electrical circuit (11) and a power supply module (12) for connecting the power grid and the charging pile to achieve high-power power supply to the superconducting cable; The air-cooled heat dissipation component (2) includes a gas delivery pipeline (21) and an air-cooled heat sink (22), which are used to connect the liquid nitrogen storage device and the power supply module to dissipate heat and cool the high heat-generating components in the charging pile. The current-carrying cable assembly (3) includes a superconducting charging cable (31) and a terminal (32) for connecting the charging pile and the load battery to achieve high-power fast charging of the load battery; The power supply module (12) is connected to the terminal (32) and the superconducting charging cable (31) in sequence via electrical lines (11); The two ends of the air-cooled radiator (22) are connected to the power supply module (12) and the gas delivery pipeline (21) respectively; The gas delivery pipeline (21) includes a liquid nitrogen storage tank (211), a gas-liquid separator (212), and a refrigeration equipment cabinet (213); wherein the liquid nitrogen storage tank (211) is a self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank; The liquid nitrogen storage tank (211) and the gas-liquid separator (212) are both located inside the refrigeration equipment cabinet (213), and one end of the liquid nitrogen storage tank (211) is connected to the current-carrying cable assembly (3), and the other end is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid separator (212); The gas-liquid separator (212) has its gas outlet connected to the air-cooled radiator (22) and its liquid outlet connected to the superconducting charging cable (31). The liquid nitrogen storage tank (211) is used to provide liquid nitrogen and nitrogen gas. The liquid nitrogen and nitrogen gas-liquid mixture is separated into cold nitrogen gas and liquid nitrogen after passing through the gas-liquid separator (212). The cold nitrogen gas is introduced into the air-cooled radiator (22) through the gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator (212) to cool and dissipate heat from the high heat generation module, and is finally discharged to the outside through the charging pile cabinet (125). The liquid nitrogen is introduced into the liquid nitrogen channel (311) through the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator (212) to cool the superconducting cable to the superconducting state and finally flow back to the liquid nitrogen storage tank (211), forming a complete cooling and heat dissipation circuit.

2. The charging pile as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply module (12) includes a power grid (121), a transformer module (122), a rectifier module (123), a power module (124), and a charging pile cabinet (125). The power grid (121) is connected in sequence to the transformer module (122), the rectifier module (123), and the power module (124) via electrical lines; The transformer module (122), rectifier module (123), and power module (124) are all located inside the charging pile cabinet (125) and connected to the air-cooled heat dissipation component (2). The other end of the power module (124) is connected to the current-carrying cable component (3).

3. The charging pile as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The air-cooled radiator (22) includes a heat dissipation fin plate (221), a radiator housing (222), an air inlet (223), and an exhaust port (224); one end of the heat dissipation fin plate (221) is connected to the radiator housing (222), and the other end is connected to the charging pile assembly (1); the air inlet (223) and the exhaust port (224) are both connected to the gas delivery pipeline (21).

4. The charging pile as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The superconducting charging cable (31) includes a liquid nitrogen channel (311) and a superconducting conductor layer (312); the liquid nitrogen channel (311) is connected to a gas delivery pipeline (21), and the superconducting conductor layer (312) is connected to a terminal (32).

5. The charging pile as described in claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, The terminal (32) includes a cable terminal (321) and a load battery (322); the load battery (322) is connected to the superconducting conductor layer (312) in the superconducting charging cable (31); one end of the cable terminal (321) is connected to the charging pile assembly (1), and the other end is connected to the superconducting conductor layer (312) in the superconducting charging cable (31).

6. The charging pile as described in claim 2, 4, or 5, characterized in that, The power grid (121) is used to provide current, which passes through the transformer module (122), rectifier module (123), power module (124), cable terminal (321), superconducting conductor layer (312) in sequence, and finally connects to the load battery (322) in the terminal (32), forming a complete high-power DC charging path.

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