Fluidized bed based solid particle energy storage device

Abstract

The application provides a solid particle energy storage device based on a fluidized bed, which comprises a fluidized bed heat charging device (1), a fluidized bed heat releasing device (3) and an energy storage tank (2). The solid particles are in a fluidized state during the heat charging process of the solid particles in the fluidized bed heat charging device (1), and an electrode (12) for heating the solid particles is arranged in the bed; the energy storage tank (2) is arranged between the fluidized bed heat charging device (1) and the fluidized bed heat releasing device (3), the energy storage tank (2) is used for storing the heated solid particles, and is connected with an air compressor (21) and can charge and pressurize the energy storage tank (2); the solid particles are in a fluidized state during the heat releasing process of the solid particles in the fluidized bed heat releasing device (3), and water is heated into water vapor through the heat exchange tube bundle (36). The solid particle energy storage device based on the fluidized bed can realize fast energy storage and fast heat releasing, has high heat releasing load and occupies small space.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of energy storage, and specifically relates to a solid particle energy storage device based on a fluidized bed. Background Technology

[0002] New low-carbon energy sources offer a long-term solution to meet the growing global economic development and related energy demands, and can also reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Traditional fossil fuel combustion and nuclear reactions are harmful to the environment, and their availability is limited. Renewable energy sources, on the other hand, have the advantage of unlimited availability; they can be obtained in an environmentally conscious manner, and by utilizing certain technologies, they can provide a stable and dispatchable power supply to the grid.

[0003] Wind power and solar photovoltaic power are mature and cost-effective technologies. In recent years, the installed capacity of wind power and solar photovoltaic power in my country has been increasing, covering about 20% of the annual peak energy demand. However, the main drawbacks of these two technologies are their intermittency and unpredictability.

[0004] Energy storage technology is key to propelling renewable energy from an alternative to a primary energy source. Dual-tank molten salt systems are a proven technology in commercially available thermal energy storage (TES) that can maintain power production during peak demand periods. However, the temperature of molten salt is typically between 290°C and 565°C, a range that significantly limits the system's efficiency. Above 565°C, the salt begins to thermally decompose, restricting storage efficiency.

[0005] Patent CN115199495A discloses a quicksand energy storage system and its operation method that couples thermal storage and gravity energy storage. It uses solar energy to heat the sand, the thermal storage depends on the weather, the system is not stable enough, and the use of solar energy for heating requires the sand to be spread out as flat as possible, which requires a large space. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application aims to propose a fluidized bed-based solid particle energy storage device that can rapidly store energy and has a small footprint.

[0007] This application proposes a fluidized bed-based solid particle energy storage device, including a fluidized bed heating device, which comprises:

[0008] A fluidized bed heat exchanger has a cavity, within which a heat exchanger air distribution plate is installed. The air distribution plate is capable of supporting solid particles.

[0009] A heat-charging blower is configured to supply gas to the air distribution plate of the heat exchanger, the gas being capable of fluidizing the solid particles.

[0010] An electrode is inserted into the interior of the fluidized bed heat exchanger and is located above the air distribution plate of the heat exchanger. The electrode is capable of heating the solid particles.

[0011] In at least one possible implementation, the fluidized bed heating device further includes an air heat exchanger, wherein both the fluidized bed heat exchanger and the heating blower are connected to the air heat exchanger, and in the air heat exchanger, the exhaust gas discharged from the fluidized bed heat exchanger heats the gas to be introduced into the fluidized bed heat exchanger.

[0012] In at least one possible implementation, the fluidized bed heating device includes a first fluidized bed heater and a second fluidized bed heater, wherein the first fluidized bed heater and the second fluidized bed heater are connected in series.

[0013] The solid particles can flow from the first fluidized bed heater to the second fluidized bed heater, and the gas can flow from the first fluidized bed heater to the second fluidized bed heater.

[0014] In at least one possible implementation, a fluidized bed heat release device is also included, which comprises a fluidized bed heat exchanger and a heat release blower.

[0015] The fluidized bed heat release device is connected to the fluidized bed heat charging device, allowing the heated solid particles to be introduced into the fluidized bed heat release device.

[0016] The fluidized bed heat exchanger includes a fluidized bed tank and a heat exchanger air distribution plate. The heat exchanger air distribution plate is disposed inside the fluidized bed tank and can support solid particles. The heat exchanger blower is configured to supply gas to the heat exchanger air distribution plate. The gas can fluidize the solid particles and the solid particles can transfer heat to the gas.

[0017] In at least one possible implementation, the fluidized bed exothermic device further includes an air inlet pipe and a feed pipe.

[0018] Both the air inlet pipe and the feed pipe are vertically inserted into the fluidized bed tank. The air inlet pipe is located above the feed pipe, and its diameter is smaller than that of the feed pipe. The air inlet pipe is partially inserted into the feed pipe, which passes through the heat exchanger air distribution plate.

[0019] The air inlet pipe is provided with a first fluidized bed heat exchanger air inlet, and the fluidized bed tank is provided with a second fluidized bed heat exchanger air inlet, which is located below the heat exchanger air distribution plate.

[0020] In the feed tube, the flow direction of the solid particles is the same as the flow direction of the gas.

[0021] In at least one possible implementation, the fluidized bed exothermic device is provided with a plurality of exothermic device air distribution plates, which are spaced apart along the vertical direction of the fluidized bed exothermic device. Except for the bottommost layer, the remaining exothermic device air distribution plates are provided with material leakage holes, allowing the solid particles supported by the exothermic device air distribution plates to leak through the leakage holes to the next layer of exothermic device air distribution plates. The solid particles flow sequentially from the topmost exothermic device air distribution plate to the bottommost exothermic device air distribution plates.

[0022] In the fluidized bed exothermic device, the flow direction of the solid particles is opposite to the flow direction of the gas.

[0023] In at least one possible implementation, the fluidized bed heat exchanger further includes a heat exchange tube bundle disposed inside the fluidized bed heat exchanger. The heat exchange tube bundle is used to transport water, and the solid particles inside the fluidized bed heat exchanger can transfer heat to the heat exchange tube bundle, thereby heating the water inside the heat exchange tube bundle (36) into water vapor.

[0024] In at least one possible implementation, the fluidized bed heat exchanger further includes a water preheater, both the fluidized bed heat exchanger and the heat exchange tube bundle are connected to the water preheater, and the exhaust gas discharged from the fluidized bed heat exchanger is used to preheat the water to be introduced into the heat exchange tube bundle.

[0025] In at least one possible implementation, the fluidized bed exothermic device further includes an air preheater, wherein both the water preheater and the fluidized bed exothermic device are connected to the air preheater, and in the air preheater, the exhaust gas discharged from the water preheater is used to preheat the gas to be introduced into the fluidized bed exothermic device.

[0026] In at least one possible implementation, an energy storage tank is further included, disposed between the fluidized bed heating device and the fluidized bed heat release device, the energy storage tank being used to store the heated solid particles.

[0027] The energy storage tank is connected to an air compressor, which can pressurize and inflate the energy storage tank.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solution, the fluidized bed heat exchanger can quickly heat a large number of solid particles using electrodes to achieve rapid energy storage. The solid particles can flow through the fluidized bed heat exchanger for heating, and the fluidized bed heat exchanger occupies a small space. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1A schematic diagram of a fluidized bed-based solid particle energy storage device according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0030] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fluidized bed heating device for a fluidized bed-based solid particle energy storage device according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0031] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fluidized bed heat exchanger for a fluidized bed-based solid particle energy storage device according to another embodiment of this application is shown.

[0032] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fluidized bed heat exchanger for a fluidized bed-based solid particle energy storage device according to another embodiment of this application is shown.

[0033] Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating the operation of a fluidized bed-based solid particle energy storage device according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0034] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0035] 1. Fluidized bed heating device

[0036] 11 Fluidized bed heat exchanger 111 Fluidized bed heat exchanger inlet 112 Fluidized bed heat exchanger outlet 113 Fluidized bed heat exchanger air inlet 114 Fluidized bed heat exchanger air outlet 115 Heat exchanger air distribution plate

[0037] 11A First Fluidized Bed Heater 111A First Fluidized Bed Heater Inlet 112A First Fluidized Bed Heater Outlet 113A First Fluidized Bed Heater Air Inlet 114A First Fluidized Bed Heater Air Outlet

[0038] 11B Second Fluidized Bed Heater; 111B Second Fluidized Bed Heater Inlet; 112B Second Fluidized Bed Heater Outlet; 113B Second Fluidized Bed Heater Air Inlet; 114B Second Fluidized Bed Heater Air Outlet.

[0039] 12 electrodes

[0040] 13 Blower

[0041] 14 Air Heat Exchanger 141 First Air Inlet of Heat Exchanger 142 First Air Outlet of Heat Exchanger 143 Second Air Inlet of Heat Exchanger 144 Second Air Outlet of Heat Exchanger

[0042] 15 Heat exchanger cyclone separator

[0043] 2 energy storage tanks, 21 air compressors

[0044] 3 Fluidized bed exothermic device

[0045] 31 Fluidized Bed Heater 311 Fluidized Bed Heater Inlet 311A ​​First Fluidized Bed Heater Inlet 311B Second Fluidized Bed Heater Inlet 312 Fluidized Bed Heater Outlet 313 Fluidized Bed Heater Feed Inlet 314 Fluidized Bed Heater Discharge Inlet 315 Fluidized Bed Tank 316 Heater Air Distribution Plate 3161 Material Leakage Hole 317 Air Inlet Pipe 318 Material Pipe 319 Heater Cyclone Separator

[0046] 32 Water preheater; 321 Water preheater inlet; 322 Water preheater outlet; 323 Water preheater air inlet; 324 Water preheater air outlet.

[0047] 33 Water pump

[0048] 34 Blower

[0049] 35 Air preheater; 351 First air inlet of preheater; 352 First air outlet of preheater; 353 Second air inlet of preheater; 354 ​​Second air outlet of preheater.

[0050] 36 heat exchanger tube bundle; 361 heat exchanger tube inlet; 362 heat exchanger tube outlet.

[0051] 4. Power generation unit 41. Steam drum 42. Desuperheating and pressure reducing valve 43. Steam turbine 44. Generator

[0052] 5. Pneumatic conveying device 51. Cold material tank Detailed Implementation

[0053] To more clearly illustrate the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application, specific embodiments of this application are described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in this section. Besides the embodiments described in this section, this application can also be implemented in other different ways. Those skilled in the art can make corresponding improvements, modifications, and substitutions without departing from the spirit of this application; therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed in this section. The scope of protection of this application should be determined by the claims.

[0054] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the embodiments of this application propose a fluidized bed-based solid particle energy storage device, which includes a fluidized bed heating device 1, an energy storage tank 2, a fluidized bed heat release device 3, a power generation device 4, and a pneumatic conveying device 5.

[0055] The fluidized bed heating device 1 can use electrical energy to heat solid particles, converting electrical energy into thermal energy of the solid particles. The energy storage tank 2 can store the energy in the form of thermal energy. The fluidized bed heat release device 3 and the power generation device 4 can convert the thermal energy of the solid particles into electrical energy. The solid particles can be transported between the devices in the above process by the pneumatic conveying device 5.

[0056] like Figure 1As shown, the fluidized bed heating device 1 includes a fluidized bed heater 11, an electrode 12, a heating blower 13, and an air heat exchanger 14.

[0057] The fluidized bed heat exchanger 11 includes a cavity-formed tank and is provided with a feed inlet 111, a discharge outlet 112, an air inlet 113, and an air outlet 114. Solid particles are supplied to the fluidized bed heat exchanger 11 through the feed inlet 111, and the heated solid particles are discharged from the discharge outlet 112. The discharge outlet 112 may be located below the feed inlet 111. The air inlet 113 supplies gas to the fluidized bed heat exchanger 11, and the flowing gas fluidizes the solid particles. The air outlet 114 discharges the gas from the fluidized bed heat exchanger 11.

[0058] The solid particles can be solids with a specific heat capacity greater than 1.1 kJ / (kg*℃), such as quartz sand and graphite powder, and good fluidity at high temperatures. The average particle size D50 (or median particle size) of the solid particles can be from 100 micrometers to 500 micrometers.

[0059] The fluidized bed heat exchanger 11 is equipped with a heat exchanger air distribution plate 115, which supports solid particles. The air inlet 113 of the fluidized bed heat exchanger can communicate with the air distribution plate 115. The air distribution plate 115 ensures that the airflow entering the fluidized bed heat exchanger 11 through the second air outlet 144 of the heat exchanger is uniform and stable. The discharge port 112 of the fluidized bed heat exchanger is located above the air distribution plate 115.

[0060] Electrode 12 can be inserted into the fluidized bed heater 11. Electrode 12 can be made of graphite, which has good electrical conductivity and high-temperature stability. When an electric current is applied to the graphite electrode, electrical energy can be converted into heat energy. Electrode 12 can be rod-shaped, and multiple electrodes 12 can be provided. Multiple electrodes 12 can uniformly heat the solid particles in the fluidized bed heater 11. Multiple electrodes 12 can heat the solid particles to a high temperature of, for example, 1000°C to 1500°C in a relatively short time, such as 2 to 3 hours. Optionally, the solid particles can be heated to 1200°C.

[0061] Electrode 12 heats not only the solid particles in the fluidized bed heater 11 but also the gas in the fluidized bed heater 11. The heat of the high-temperature gas in the fluidized bed heater 11 can be utilized by air heat exchanger 14.

[0062] The air heat exchanger 14 includes a first pipe and a second pipe, through which the gas in the first pipe and the gas in the second pipe can exchange heat. The first pipe has a first air inlet 141 and a first air outlet 142 at both ends, and the second pipe has a second air inlet 143 and a second air outlet 144 at both ends. The first air inlet 141 can be connected to the outlet 114 of the fluidized bed heat exchanger, allowing the high-temperature air discharged from the fluidized bed heat exchanger 11 to enter the first air inlet 141. The second air inlet 143 can be connected to the outlet of the heat exchanger blower 13, which supplies ambient temperature air to the second air inlet 143. The heat exchanger blower 13 can make the airflow velocity at the outlet of the heat exchanger air distribution plate 115 2.5 to 10 times that of the minimum fluidization velocity (or critical fluidization velocity) of the solid particles. The first outlet 142 of the heat exchanger can be connected to the atmosphere, and the second outlet 144 of the heat exchanger can be connected to the inlet 113 of the fluidized bed heat exchanger. The introduction of heated air can cause the solid particles, which serve as the heat carrier, in the fluidized bed heat exchanger 11 to be in a bubbling fluidized state. The air heat exchanger 14 can make full use of the heat from the high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from the fluidized bed heat exchanger 11, and use this heat to heat the air supplied to the fluidized bed heat exchanger 11.

[0063] like Figure 2 As shown, in one possible implementation, the fluidized bed heating device 1 can be a two-stage or multi-stage fluidized bed. For example, the fluidized bed heating device 1 may include a first fluidized bed heater 11A and a second fluidized bed heater 11B.

[0064] The first fluidized bed heater 11A includes a first fluidized bed heater inlet 111A, a first fluidized bed heater outlet 112A, a first fluidized bed heater air inlet 113A, and a first fluidized bed heater air outlet 114A. The second fluidized bed heater 11B includes a second fluidized bed heater inlet 111B, a second fluidized bed heater outlet 112B, a second fluidized bed heater air inlet 113B, and a second fluidized bed heater air outlet 114B.

[0065] The discharge port 112A of the first fluidized bed heater can be connected to the inlet port 111B of the second fluidized bed heater, with the discharge port 112A located above the inlet port 111B. Solid particles heated in the first fluidized bed heater 11A can enter the second fluidized bed heater 11B under gravity for further heating.

[0066] The inlet 113A of the first fluidized bed heat exchanger can be connected to the second outlet 144 of the heat exchanger, the outlet 114A of the first fluidized bed heat exchanger can be connected to the inlet 113B of the second fluidized bed heat exchanger, and the outlet 114B of the second fluidized bed heat exchanger can be connected to the first inlet 141 of the heat exchanger. The exhaust gas discharged from the first fluidized bed heat exchanger 11A can be discharged into the second fluidized bed heat exchanger 11B for further heating of the solid particles.

[0067] Furthermore, both the first fluidized bed heat exchanger 11A and the second fluidized bed heat exchanger 11B can be equipped with a heat exchanger cyclone separator 15. The outlet of the heat exchanger cyclone separator 15 is connected to the outlet of the fluidized bed heat exchanger 114 (or, the outlet of the first fluidized bed heat exchanger 114A and the outlet of the second fluidized bed heat exchanger 114B). The heat exchanger cyclone separator 15 can prevent solid particles in the fluidized bed heat exchanger 11 from being discharged with the gas.

[0068] like Figure 1 As shown, the energy storage tank 2 can be connected to the outlet 112 of the fluidized bed heater via a pipeline. A feed valve can be installed on this pipeline, controlling the feeding of material from the fluidized bed heater 11 to the energy storage tank 2. The energy storage tank 2 has good gas and particle sealing properties. The energy storage tank 2 can also be connected to an air compressor 21, which can pressurize the energy storage tank 2, for example, maintaining the internal pressure between 0.3 MPa and 0.8 MPa. After the energy storage tank 2 is filled with solid particles, pressurizing the tank can prevent the solid particles from sticking together at high temperatures and can reduce the heat transfer coefficient of the solid particles, thus reducing heat loss. Using solid particles as the energy storage medium to store energy in the form of thermal energy enables low-cost, large-scale energy storage.

[0069] There may be one or more energy storage tanks 2. Insulating and refractory materials may be arranged around the energy storage tanks 2 to reduce heat loss.

[0070] like Figure 1 As shown, the fluidized bed heat exchanger 3 is connected to the energy storage tank 2, and the fluidized bed heat exchanger 3 can receive the heated solid particles in the energy storage tank 2. The fluidized bed heat exchanger 3 includes a fluidized bed heat exchanger 31, a water preheater 32, a water pump 33, a heat exchange blower 34, an air preheater 35, and a heat exchange tube bundle 36.

[0071] The fluidized bed heat exchanger 31 can be one or more of the following: bubbling fluidized bed, gas-solid co-flow downward fluidized bed, and gas-solid counter-current contact fluidized bed.

[0072] The fluidized bed heat exchanger 31 includes a fluidized bed heat exchanger inlet 311, a fluidized bed heat exchanger outlet 312, a fluidized bed heat exchanger feed inlet 313, a fluidized bed heat exchanger discharge outlet 314, a fluidized bed tank 315, a heat exchanger air distribution plate 316, and a heat exchanger cyclone separator 319.

[0073] The fluidized bed heat exchanger inlet 311, outlet 312, feed inlet 313, and discharge outlet 314 can be located within the fluidized bed tank 315, and the heat exchanger air distribution plate 316 can be located inside the fluidized bed tank 315. The fluidized bed heat exchanger inlet 311 can be connected to the heat exchanger air distribution plate 316, which can ensure that the airflow entering the fluidized bed tank 315 is uniform and stable.

[0074] The fluidized bed exothermic device inlet 313 can be located above the exothermic device air distribution plate 316, and the solid particles introduced from the fluidized bed exothermic device inlet 313 can be supported by the exothermic device air distribution plate 316. The fluidized bed exothermic device outlet 314 can be located below the fluidized bed exothermic device inlet 313.

[0075] The heat exchange tube bundle 36 is disposed inside the fluidized bed tank 315, and heat exchange tube inlet 361 and heat exchange tube outlet 362 are respectively provided at both ends of the heat exchange tube bundle 36. The heat exchange tube bundle 36 is located between the fluidized bed heat exchanger inlet 313 and the fluidized bed heat exchanger outlet 314. Solid particles entering the fluidized bed tank 315 through the fluidized bed heat exchanger inlet 313 can transfer heat to the heat exchange tube bundle 36, so that the heat transfer medium (water) in the heat exchange tube bundle 36 can absorb heat and be converted into water vapor. The thermal energy of this water vapor can be used by the power generation device 4 to generate electricity.

[0076] The exothermic cyclone separator 319 can be installed inside the fluidized bed tank 315, and the fluidized bed exothermic outlet 312 can be installed at the outlet of the exothermic cyclone separator 319. The exothermic cyclone separator 319 can separate solids and gases, preventing solid particles or other dust from being discharged from the fluidized bed exothermic outlet 312, thus reducing solid impurities in the emitted gas.

[0077] The water preheater 32 has a water preheater inlet 321, a water preheater outlet 322, a water preheater air inlet 323, and a water preheater air outlet 324. The water preheater inlet 321 and the water preheater outlet 322 are connected, and the water preheater air inlet 323 and the water preheater air outlet 324 are connected. The water preheater inlet 321 is connected to a water pump 33, which supplies water to the water preheater inlet 321. The water preheater outlet 322 is connected to the heat exchanger tube inlet 361 of the heat exchanger tube bundle 36, supplying preheated water to the heat exchanger tube bundle 36. The water preheater air inlet 323 is connected to the fluidized bed exothermic generator air outlet 312 of the fluidized bed exothermic generator 31, using the heat from the gas discharged from the fluidized bed exothermic generator 31 to preheat the water. The water preheater outlet 324 is connected to the air preheater 35 to further utilize the heat of the air.

[0078] The air preheater 35 has a first air inlet 351, a first air outlet 352, a second air inlet 353, and a second air outlet 354. The first air inlet 351 and the first air outlet 352 are connected, as are the second air inlet 353 and the second air outlet 354. The first air inlet 351 is connected to the water preheater outlet 324, the first air outlet 352 can be connected to the outside atmosphere, the second air inlet 353 can be connected to the heat release blower 34, and the second air outlet 354 can be connected to the fluidized bed heat exchanger inlet 311. The air preheater 35 can utilize the heat from the gas discharged from the water preheater 32 to preheat the air entering the fluidized bed heat exchanger 31.

[0079] The fluidized bed heat release device 3 allows heat-storing solid particles to heat a heat transfer medium such as air and / or water vapor. The air and / or water vapor, after absorbing heat, can then be used for power generation. High-temperature air can be used for gas turbine power generation, providing a clean working fluid for the power generation device 4. High-temperature water vapor can be used for steam turbine power generation, converting thermal energy into electrical energy. High-temperature water vapor can also be directly used for heating after being regulated by a desuperheater and pressure reducer.

[0080] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 3 As shown, the fluidized bed heat exchanger 31 can be a gas-solid co-current downward fluidized bed. Air can be used as the heat transfer medium. It is understood that when air is used as the heat transfer medium, the heat exchange tube bundle and other related components can be omitted.

[0081] Here, the fluidized bed exothermic device 31 includes a first fluidized bed exothermic device air inlet 311A, a second fluidized bed exothermic device air inlet 311B, a fluidized bed exothermic device air outlet 312, a fluidized bed exothermic device feed inlet 313, a fluidized bed exothermic device discharge outlet 314, a fluidized bed tank body 315, an exothermic device air distribution plate 316, an air inlet pipe 317, and a feed pipe 318.

[0082] Both the air inlet pipe 317 and the feed pipe 318 can be vertically inserted into the fluidized bed tank 315, with the air inlet pipe 317 located above the feed pipe 318. The diameter of the air inlet pipe 317 can be smaller than that of the feed pipe 318, and the air inlet pipe 317 can be partially inserted into the feed pipe 318. There is a gap between the air inlet pipe 317 and the feed pipe 318, allowing solid particles inside the fluidized bed tank 315 to enter the feed pipe 318 through this gap. The exothermic air distribution plate 316 can be installed inside the fluidized bed tank 315, and the feed pipe 318 can pass through the exothermic air distribution plate 316. The fluidized bed exothermic inlet 313 can be installed in the fluidized bed tank 315, and the fluidized bed exothermic inlet 313 can be located above the exothermic air distribution plate 316. Solid particles introduced from the fluidized bed exothermic inlet 313 can be supported by the exothermic air distribution plate 316. The first fluidized bed exothermic device inlet 311A ​​can be located in the inlet pipe 317, and the second fluidized bed exothermic device inlet 311B can be located in the fluidized bed tank 315 and below the exothermic device air distribution plate 316. The first and second fluidized bed exothermic device inlets 311A ​​and 311B can be connected to the exothermic blower 34. The fluidized bed exothermic device outlet 312 and outlet 314 can be located at the lower part of the feed pipe 318, in which both solid particles and gas flow from top to bottom. A solid-gas separation device can be installed at the lower part of the feed pipe 318, and the fluidized bed exothermic device outlet 312 and outlet 314 can be the two outlets of the solid-gas separation device. The outlet 312 of the fluidized bed heat exchanger can be connected to a gas turbine, which is connected to a generator. Inside the fluidized bed heat exchanger 31, solid particles and gas can exchange heat fully to heat the gas. The heated gas can be used to generate electricity, converting thermal energy into electrical energy.

[0083] Inside the feed pipe 318, the flow direction of the solid particles and the gas is the same, both flowing from top to bottom. It should be noted that there are portions of solid particles and gas flowing from bottom to top in the fluidized bed tank 315, but overall, the solid particles and gas still flow from top to bottom.

[0084] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 4 As shown, the fluidized bed heat exchanger 31 can be a gas-solid counter-current contact fluidized bed. Air can be used as the heat transfer medium. It is understood that when air is used as the heat transfer medium, the heat exchange tube bundle and other related components can be omitted.

[0085] The gas-solid countercurrent contact fluidized bed includes a fluidized bed heat exchanger inlet 311, a fluidized bed heat exchanger outlet 312, a fluidized bed heat exchanger feed inlet 313, a fluidized bed heat exchanger discharge outlet 314, a fluidized bed tank 315, a heat exchanger air distribution plate 316, a feed pipe 318, and a heat exchanger cyclone separator 319.

[0086] The fluidized bed tank 315 can be connected to the feed pipe 318. The fluidized bed tank 315 can be located at the upper end of the feed pipe 318. The fluidized bed tank 315 and the feed pipe 318 can be integrally formed.

[0087] The heat exchanger air distribution plate 316 can be disposed inside the feed pipe 318. Multiple layers of the heat exchanger air distribution plate 316 can be disposed, for example, three layers, spaced apart vertically. The fluidized bed heat exchanger inlet 313 can be located above the uppermost heat exchanger air distribution plate 316, the fluidized bed heat exchanger outlet 314 can be located above the lowermost heat exchanger air distribution plate 316, and the fluidized bed heat exchanger outlet 314 can be located below all heat exchanger air distribution plates 316 except the lowermost one. Except for the bottom layer, the other heat exchanger air distribution plates 316 can be provided with material leakage holes 3161. The solid particles supported by the heat exchanger air distribution plates 316 can leak through the material leakage holes 3161 to the next layer of heat exchanger air distribution plates 316. The solid particles flow from the top layer air distribution plate to the bottom layer air distribution plate in sequence.

[0088] The fluidized bed exothermic device inlet 311 can be located at the lower part of the feed pipe 318. Gas entering through the fluidized bed exothermic device inlet 311 can pass sequentially from bottom to top through the multi-layer exothermic device air distribution plate 316. The fluidized bed exothermic device outlet 312 can be located at the upper part of the fluidized bed tank 315. The solid particles and the airflow are in opposite directions. During the heat exchange between the solid particles and the air, the solid particles flow downwards, and the air flows upwards.

[0089] The exothermic cyclone separator 319 can be installed inside the fluidized bed tank 315, and the fluidized bed exothermic outlet 312 can be installed at the outlet of the exothermic cyclone separator 319.

[0090] like Figure 1 As shown, the power generation unit 4 includes a steam drum 41, a desuperheating and pressure reducing valve 42, a steam turbine 43, and a generator 44. The steam drum 41 can be connected to the heat exchange tube outlet 362, and the steam drum 41 receives the steam discharged from the fluidized bed exothermic generator 31. The desuperheating and pressure reducing valve 42 is connected to the steam drum 41, the steam turbine 43 is connected to the desuperheating and pressure reducing valve 42, and the generator 44 is connected to the steam turbine 43. The steam turbine 43 and the generator 44 can generate electricity using steam.

[0091] The pneumatic conveying device 5 includes a cold material tank 51. The cold material tank 51 is connected to the outlet 314 of the fluidized bed exothermic device. The cold material tank 51 is used to store the low-temperature solid particles that flow out after heat exchange by the fluidized bed exothermic device 3. The low-temperature solid particles in the cold material tank 51 can be conveyed to the fluidized bed exothermic device 11 by an air compressor 21 (some pipelines are omitted in the figure). Of course, the cold material tank can also be connected to a separate dedicated air compressor.

[0092] The following reference Figure 5 This paper introduces the application process of a fluidized bed-based solid particle energy storage device.

[0093] During off-peak hours, the excess electrical energy in the power grid system is used to rapidly and continuously heat the heat carrier (e.g., sand) in the fluidized bed heater 11, heating the heat carrier to 1000°C to 1500°C to complete the heating process.

[0094] The heated heat carrier is continuously introduced into the energy storage tank 2, and the energy storage tank 2 containing the heat carrier is pressurized with air to maintain the internal pressure of the energy storage tank 2 between 0.3 MPa and 0.8 MPa, so as to store the thermal energy of the heat carrier.

[0095] During peak electricity consumption, the heat carrier in the energy storage tank 2 is continuously introduced into the fluidized bed heat exchanger 31. The heat carrier is fluidized by air, and the water in the heat exchange tube bundle 36 is heated to form water vapor. The air or water vapor can be heated at the same time to complete the heat release process.

[0096] Steam is introduced into the power generation unit 4, and a steam turbine generator is used to achieve controllable and continuous power generation. The heated air preheats the water and air that will be introduced into the fluidized bed heat exchanger 31. Compared to the electricity consumed during off-peak hours, the power generation efficiency can reach 50%.

[0097] The heat carrier that has released all its heat from the fluidized bed heat exchanger 31 is transferred to a cold feed tank for storage. During off-peak hours, the heat carrier is transferred to the fluidized bed heat exchanger 11.

[0098] The beneficial effects of the fluidized bed-based solid particle energy storage device of this application include:

[0099] (1) Electrode 12 fluidized bed heat exchanger 11 can quickly heat a large number of solid particles to achieve rapid energy storage.

[0100] (2) The exhaust gas discharged from the fluidized bed heat exchanger 11 can be effectively used by the air heat exchanger 14 to heat the gas that will be introduced into the fluidized bed heat exchanger 11, making full use of the heat of the exhaust gas.

[0101] (3) The water preheater 32 can effectively utilize the exhaust gas discharged from the fluidized bed heat exchanger 31 to preheat the water that will be introduced into the fluidized bed heat exchanger 31, making full use of the heat of the exhaust gas.

[0102] (4) The air preheater 35 can effectively utilize the exhaust gas discharged from the fluidized bed heat exchanger 31 to preheat the air that will be introduced into the fluidized bed heat exchanger 31, making full use of the heat of the exhaust gas.

[0103] (5) By using a fluidized bed-based solid particle energy storage device, excess electrical energy can be stored in the form of thermal energy during off-peak hours and converted into electrical energy during peak hours, thereby solving the problem of unsustainable power generation caused by the intermittency, low density and instability of new energy sources such as wind and solar energy, and realizing the effective utilization of renewable resources such as solar and wind energy.

[0104] This application is not limited to the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications to the above embodiments of this application under the guidance of this application, without departing from the scope of this application. In addition, the following description is provided.

[0105] (1) Although in the above embodiments, Figure 3 and Figure 4 The fluidized bed heat exchanger 31 uses air as the heat transfer medium; however, this application is not limited to this. Both types of fluidized bed heat exchangers 31 can also be equipped with heat exchange tube bundles 36, thereby using water vapor as the heat transfer medium. Of course... Figure 1 The fluidized bed heat exchanger 31 can also use only air as the heat transfer medium.

[0106] (2) Although in the above embodiments, the fluidized bed heat release device may also be in the form of two stages or multiple stages.

[0107] It should be understood that at least some aspects or features of the above-described implementation methods, embodiments, or examples can be appropriately combined.

[0108] It is understood that, in this application, when the number of parts or components is not specifically limited, the number can be one or more, where multiple refers to two or more. For cases where the number of parts or components shown in the drawings and / or described in the specification is, for example, two, three, four, etc., this specific number is generally exemplary and not restrictive, and can be understood as multiple, i.e., two or more; however, this does not mean that this application excludes the case of one.

[0109] In this application, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, terms such as "installation," "assembly," "connection," "linking," "joining," "linking," "abutment," "communication," "connection," "conduction," "fixing," and "fastening" should be interpreted broadly, for example, they can be direct or indirect. For instance, regarding connection, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited. For instance, regarding communication / conduction, it can be direct communication / conduction or indirect communication / conduction through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0110] In this application, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, a component being disposed / installed / located / enclosed / placed within, inside, or incorporated in another component can be either of the following two situations: a portion or a majority of the one component is located within the other component; or the one component is completely enclosed within the other component.

[0111] Although the present application has been described in detail using the above embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present application can be modified and implemented as alternative embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application as defined by the claims. Therefore, the description in this specification is for illustrative purposes only and does not have any limiting meaning for the present application.

Claims

1. A solid particle energy storage device based on a fluidized bed, characterized in that, It includes a fluidized bed heating device (1) and a fluidized bed heat release device (3), wherein the fluidized bed heating device (1) includes: A fluidized bed heat exchanger (11) is provided, wherein the fluidized bed heat exchanger (11) has a cavity, and a heat exchanger air distribution plate (115) is provided in the cavity, the heat exchanger air distribution plate (115) being able to support solid particles. A heat-charging blower (13) is configured to supply gas to the heat exchanger air distribution plate (115), the gas being capable of fluidizing the solid particles. Electrode (12), which is inserted into the fluidized bed heat exchanger (11), is located above the air distribution plate (115) of the heat exchanger, and is capable of heating the solid particles. The fluidized bed heat release device (3) includes a fluidized bed heat exchanger (31), which is connected to the fluidized bed heat charging device (1) so that the heated solid particles are introduced into the fluidized bed heat exchanger (31). The fluidized bed heat exchanger (31) includes a fluidized bed tank (315), a heat exchanger air distribution plate (316), an air inlet pipe (317), and a feed pipe (318). The heat exchanger air distribution plate (316) is disposed inside the fluidized bed tank (315), and the heat exchanger air distribution plate (316) can support solid particles. Both the air inlet pipe (317) and the feed pipe (318) are vertically inserted into the fluidized bed tank (315). The air inlet pipe (317) is located above the feed pipe (318). The diameter of the air inlet pipe (317) is smaller than the diameter of the feed pipe (318). The air inlet pipe (317) is partially inserted into the feed pipe (318). The feed pipe (318) passes through the heat exchanger air distribution plate (316). The air inlet pipe (317) is provided with a first fluidized bed heat exchanger air inlet (311A), and the fluidized bed tank (315) is provided with a second fluidized bed heat exchanger air inlet (311B). The second fluidized bed heat exchanger air inlet (311B) is located below the heat exchanger air distribution plate (316). In the feed tube (318), the flow direction of the solid particles is the same as the flow direction of the gas.

2. The fluidized bed-based solid particle energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fluidized bed heating device (1) also includes an air heat exchanger (14), and the fluidized bed heat exchanger (11) and the heating blower (13) are both connected to the air heat exchanger (14). In the air heat exchanger (14), the exhaust gas discharged from the fluidized bed heat exchanger (11) heats the gas that will be introduced into the fluidized bed heat exchanger (11).

3. The fluidized bed-based solid particle energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fluidized bed heating device (1) includes a first fluidized bed heater (11A) and a second fluidized bed heater (11B), wherein the first fluidized bed heater (11A) and the second fluidized bed heater (11B) are connected in series. The solid particles can flow out of the first fluidized bed heater (11A) and then to the second fluidized bed heater (11B), and the gas can flow out of the first fluidized bed heater (11A) and then to the second fluidized bed heater (11B).

4. The fluidized bed-based solid particle energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fluidized bed heat release device (3) includes a heat release blower (34). The heat-releasing blower (34) is configured to supply gas to the heat-releasing air distribution plate (316), the gas being able to fluidize the solid particles, and the solid particles being able to transfer heat to the gas.

5. The fluidized bed-based solid particle energy storage device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fluidized bed heat exchanger (31) is provided with a plurality of heat exchanger air distribution plates (316), which are spaced apart along the vertical direction of the fluidized bed heat exchanger (31). Except for the bottommost layer, the other heat exchanger air distribution plates (316) are provided with material leakage holes (3161). The solid particles supported by the heat exchanger air distribution plates (316) can leak through the material leakage holes (3161) to the next layer of heat exchanger air distribution plates (316). The solid particles flow from the topmost heat exchanger air distribution plate (316) to the bottom layer of heat exchanger air distribution plates (316). In the fluidized bed heat exchanger (31), the flow direction of the solid particles is opposite to the flow direction of the gas.

6. The fluidized bed-based solid particle energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fluidized bed heat exchange device (3) further includes a heat exchange tube bundle (36), which is disposed inside the fluidized bed heat exchanger (31). The heat exchange tube bundle (36) is used to transport water. The solid particles inside the fluidized bed heat exchanger (31) can transfer heat to the heat exchange tube bundle (36), so that the water in the heat exchange tube bundle (36) is heated into water vapor.

7. The fluidized bed-based solid particle energy storage device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The fluidized bed heat release device (3) also includes a water preheater (32). The fluidized bed heat releaser (31) and the heat exchange tube bundle (36) are both connected to the water preheater (32). The exhaust gas discharged from the fluidized bed heat releaser (31) is used to preheat the water that will be introduced into the heat exchange tube bundle (36).

8. The fluidized bed-based solid particle energy storage device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The fluidized bed heat release device (3) also includes an air preheater (35), and the water preheater (32) and the fluidized bed heat releaser (31) are both connected to the air preheater (35). In the air preheater (35), the exhaust gas discharged from the water preheater (32) is used to preheat the gas that will be introduced into the fluidized bed heat releaser (31).

9. The fluidized bed-based solid particle energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an energy storage tank (2), which is disposed between the fluidized bed heating device (1) and the fluidized bed heat release device (3). The energy storage tank (2) is used to store the heated solid particles. The energy storage tank (2) is connected to an air compressor (21), which is capable of filling and pressurizing the energy storage tank (2).

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