Strip-shaped micro-groove root zone water and fertilizer gathering system and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a strip-shaped micro-ridge and furrow root zone water and fertilizer gathering system and application thereof, and relates to the field of fruit tree cultivation. The system comprises a convex slope surface arranged symmetrically; a concave part formed by the intersection of the two convex slope surfaces is an infiltration ditch; an infiltration pipe is arranged in the infiltration ditch; a ground cloth is arranged on the convex slope surface and the infiltration ditch; a water collecting and fertilizing ditch is arranged on the ground outside the convex slope surface; a first fertilizer layer, a first backfill layer, a second fertilizer layer and a second backfill layer are sequentially arranged in the water collecting and fertilizing ditch from bottom to top; and a ridge surface and a water collecting ditch are arranged on the top surface of the second backfill layer. The system can be used in fruit tree cultivation. The system realizes efficient utilization of rainwater and fertilizer through the organic combination of "ground cloth rainwater collection-ridge forming and storage-convex slope surface water diversion-timely supplemental irrigation-deep drainage-root zone infiltration-water storage and water conservation-high efficiency water use", is beneficial to water and soil conservation and soil water and soil moisture conservation, increases soil fertility and improves soil structure, and thus improves fruit yield and fruit quality.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and relates to water and fertilizer aggregation, in particular to a strip-shaped micro-ridge furrow root zone water and fertilizer aggregation system and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Shaanxi is the largest and highest-yield apple province in China, but due to the loess plateau topography of Shaanxi, the problems of apple orchards are complex, such as water and fertilizer problems of mountain orchards, natural disaster hail and cold wave problems, fruit tree cultivation and management problems, and fruit tree disease and pest problems, and so on, in which the water and fertilizer problem is a key factor.

[0003] The apple orchards in the loess plateau of northern Shaanxi have the following problems in terms of "water": first, due to geographical and topographical conditions, the local orchard irrigation cost is high and irrigation is difficult, and most of the orchards belong to rain-fed mode; second, most of the loess plateau in northern Shaanxi is a drought-prone area, the annual rainfall is less and seriously unevenly distributed, the spring and summer drought is heavy, resulting in a shortage of rainwater resources during the apple water requirement period, and supplemental irrigation is needed; third, the annual rainfall is mainly concentrated in July-September, and most of it is heavy rain, forming runoff and causing soil erosion; fourth, the loess soil is loose, the surface evaporation is vigorous, and the soil water retention capacity is poor.

[0004] The apple orchards in the loess plateau of northern Shaanxi have the following problems in terms of "fertilizer": first, the soil organic matter content is low, the loess soil is loose and easy to be washed away, the soil erosion in the region is serious, the soil conservation effect is poor, and the soil fertility is low; second, single chemical fertilizer is applied in the orchard all the year round, which destroys the soil structure and causes problems such as soil pollution by chemical fertilizer and soil compaction; third, water regulation by fertilizer is an important way to solve the water shortage in mountain orchards, and the problem of "fertilizer" leads to poor soil water retention and storage capacity and low rainwater utilization efficiency; fourth, the lack of soil nutrients and the imbalance between nutrient elements lead to the widespread occurrence of physiological diseases of fruit trees, which seriously threatens the high yield and quality of apples. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the defects and deficiencies of the prior art, one of the purposes of the present application is to provide a strip-shaped micro-ridge furrow root zone water and fertilizer aggregation system to solve the technical problems of uneven distribution and low utilization of precipitation in the loess plateau region, serious soil entropy, poor water retention and storage capacity, and poor soil structure in the prior art.

[0006] In view of the defects and deficiencies of the prior art, another purpose of the present application is to provide the application of the strip-shaped micro-ridge furrow root zone water and fertilizer aggregation system in fruit tree cultivation to solve the technical problem that the yield and quality of apples in the loess plateau region need to be further improved in the prior art.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A strip-shaped micro-groove root domain water and fertilizer gathering system comprises convex slopes symmetrically arranged on the two sides of a tree in the transverse direction, the transverse inner sides of the two convex slopes meet, and the recess formed by the meeting is an infiltration groove; an infiltration pipe is embedded in the ground of the infiltration groove between two adjacent trees in the longitudinal direction, and the infiltration pipe is arranged downward along the vertical direction; a ground cloth is arranged on the convex slope and the infiltration groove, and the ground cloth covers the infiltration pipe; a water collecting and fertilizer applying groove is formed on the ground of the transverse outer side of the convex slope, and the transverse inner side of the water collecting and fertilizer applying groove is adjacent to the transverse outer side of the convex slope; the water collecting and fertilizer applying groove is sequentially provided with a first fertilizer layer, a first backfill soil layer, a second fertilizer layer and a second backfill soil layer from bottom to top; the bottom surface of the second backfill soil layer is flat, the top surface of the second backfill soil layer is an S-shaped slope, the transverse outer side of the S-shaped slope is convex and the transverse inner side of the S-shaped slope is concave, the convex part of the S-shaped slope is a ridge, and the concave part of the S-shaped slope is a water collecting groove.

[0009] The present application also has the following technical features:

[0010] Specifically, the infiltration pipe comprises an infiltration pipe body embedded in the ground of the infiltration groove, the top end of the infiltration pipe body is open and the bottom end is closed, and an infiltration pipe end cover is arranged on the open top end of the infiltration pipe body; a plurality of water infiltration holes are formed in the infiltration pipe body, the plurality of water infiltration holes are arranged in multiple rows, and adjacent two rows of water infiltration holes are arranged alternately; and the top surface of the infiltration pipe end cover is a water permeable grid.

[0011] Specifically, the top end of the infiltration pipe end cover protrudes upward from the ground where the infiltration groove is located and is 1-2 cm higher than the ground.

[0012] Specifically, the vertical distance from the highest point of the convex slope to the horizontal plane where the bottom end of the tree is located is H0, the vertical distance from the highest point of the convex slope to the vertical plane where the bottom end of the tree is located is L0, and H0:2L0 is (10-20):100.

[0013] Specifically, the ground adjacent to the transverse outer side of the water collecting and fertilizer applying groove is a transition surface; the vertical distance from the highest point of the ridge to the horizontal plane where the transition surface is located is H2, and the vertical distance from the highest point of the ridge to the vertical plane where the edge of the transverse outer side of the water collecting and fertilizer applying groove is located is L2, and H2:2L2 is (80-120):100.

[0014] Specifically, the first fertilizer layer is filled and compacted with a first mixed soil material, and the first mixed soil material is composed of ammoniated straw and loess soil; the second fertilizer layer is filled and compacted with a second mixed soil material, and the second mixed soil material is composed of a water retaining agent, water, a soil expansion and storage fertilizer, and loess soil.

[0015] Preferably, in the first mixed soil material, the mass ratio of ammoniated straw and loess is (0.5-2):10; in the second mixed soil material, the mass ratio of water-retaining agent, water, soil expansion and storage fertilizer and loess is (0.05-0.5):(2-10):(25-50):7.

[0016] Preferably, the ammoniated straw is prepared by using urea solution and air-dried crop straw, and the mass ratio of urea solution and air-dried crop straw is (2-5):10, and the mass ratio of urea in urea solution and air-dried crop straw is (0.5-2):25.

[0017] Preferably, the crop straw is selected from corn straw, wheat straw and bean straw.

[0018] The application also protects the use of the strip-shaped micro-ridge and furrow root zone water and fertilizer aggregation system as described above in fruit tree cultivation.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0020] (I) The strip-shaped micro-ridge and furrow root zone water and fertilizer aggregation system can directly guide water flow into the fruit tree rhizosphere area and store water in the rhizosphere area by setting convex slope, infiltration ditch, infiltration pipe, ridge and water collecting ditch, thereby reducing surface evaporation, increasing effective soil water storage, improving soil dry layer phenomenon, and achieving timely supplemental irrigation and deep irrigation for the fruit trees, i.e., using autumn rain in spring, relieving heavy drought in spring and summer, improving water use efficiency, preventing soil erosion caused by heavy rain, optimizing soil profile, and reducing water and soil loss; the water collecting ditch is used to guide water flow into the water collecting and fertilizing ditch to dissolve and release organic fertilizer, so as to achieve the effect of water and fertilizer coupling, fully play the role of adjusting water by fertilizer and promoting fertilizer by water, further improve water use efficiency, fully utilize fertilizer efficiency, and further improve soil structure and soil organic matter content; the ground cloth is used to block a large amount of evaporation of soil water, play the role of water and soil conservation, and adjust the water and heat conditions of the soil.

[0021] As can be known from the above analysis, the system realizes efficient use of rainwater and fertilizer through the organic combination of "ground cloth rainwater collection-ridge storage-convex slope flow guide-timely supplemental irrigation-deep drainage-root zone infiltration-water storage-high efficiency water use", is conducive to water and soil conservation and soil water and soil conservation, increases soil fertility and improves soil structure.

[0022] (II) The strip-shaped micro-ridge and furrow root zone water and fertilizer aggregation system has low cost of ground cloth and infiltration pipe, and the raw materials of the fertilizer layer are mostly agricultural waste resources, so the system is a green and environmentally friendly system, which is easy to build and has low cost.

[0023] (III) After the strip-shaped micro-ridge and furrow root zone water and fertilizer aggregation system of the present application is used in fruit tree cultivation, more rainwater can be stored in the rhizosphere of the fruit trees, while water and fertilizer coupling is realized, greatly improving the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of the mountain orchard. Further, the water-retaining agent and ammoniated straw in the fertilizer layer can improve the granular structure of the loess soil, expand the soil water and soil conservation space, regulate the soil water, heat and gas, and the soil expansion and storage fertilizer can provide the fruit trees with available nutrients such as nitrogen, soluble phosphorus and soluble potassium in the soil, provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of the fruit trees, and improve the soil fertility. In addition, the system can also reduce the use amount of inorganic fertilizers, reduce soil pollution, and alleviate soil compaction and nutrient deficiency.

[0024] From the above analysis, it can be seen that after the strip-shaped micro-ridge and furrow root zone water and fertilizer aggregation system of the present application is used in fruit tree cultivation, the water and fertilizer demand of apple growth and development on the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi can be met, the growth and development of fruit trees can be promoted, the yield of fruit can be improved, and the quality of fruit can be improved; further, the economic development and industrial upgrading of the region are promoted, and the ecological environment is protected, i.e. water-saving agriculture, green agriculture and ecological agriculture are realized.

[0025] (IV) After the strip-shaped micro-ridge and furrow root zone water and fertilizer aggregation system of the present application is used in fruit tree cultivation, since the system is proposed on the basis of fully considering the actual production and life of the orchard farmers, the recognition and acceptance of the local fruit farmers are high, and it is expected to be further popularized and applied. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the strip-shaped micro-ridge and furrow root zone water and fertilizer aggregation system.

[0027] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the layout position of the infiltration pipe.

[0028] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the infiltration pipe.

[0029] Figure 4 is a vertical distribution diagram of soil moisture in the 0-180cm soil layer of the orchard experimental area.

[0030] Figure 5 is a vertical distribution diagram of nitrate nitrogen in the 0-180cm soil layer of the orchard experimental area.

[0031] Figure 6 is a vertical distribution diagram of soil moisture in the 0-180cm soil layer of the orchard experimental area from summer 2022 to summer 2023.

[0032] Figure 7 is a horizontal distribution diagram of soil moisture in the 0-180cm soil layer of the orchard experimental area after a typical rainfall.

[0033] Figure 8The figure is the soil water storage change graph of the orchard experimental area from August 2022 to June 2023.

[0034] Figure 9 The figure is the average soil temperature change graph of the apple in the orchard experimental area in 2023.

[0035] Figure 10 The figure is the average daily soil temperature change graph of the apple in each growth period in the orchard experimental area in 2023.

[0036] The meanings of the labels in the figure are as follows: 1-convex slope, 2-infiltration ditch, 3-infiltration pipe, 4-water collection and fertilizer application ditch, 5-first fertilizer layer, 6-first backfill layer, 7-second fertilizer layer, 8-second backfill layer, 9-ridge surface, 10-water collection ditch, 11-land distribution, 12-transition surface, 13-apple tree, 14-TRIME pipe.

[0037] 301-infiltration pipe body, 302-infiltration pipe end cover, 303-water infiltration hole, 304-water permeable grid.

[0038] The technical solutions of the present application are further described below in combination with examples. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In the present application:

[0040] The strip-shaped micro-ridge ditch refers to the structure composed of the ridge surface 9 and the water collection ditch 10, that is, the S-shaped slope surface formed by the top surface of the second backfill layer.

[0041] The root zone refers to the soil layer near the rhizosphere of the fruit tree.

[0042] It should be noted that all the components and raw materials used in the present application, without special instructions, use known components and raw materials in the art, for example:

[0043] The soil expansion and storage capacity fertilizer uses a conventional soil expansion and storage capacity fertilizer known in the prior art, preferably a soil expansion and storage capacity fertilizer produced by Yangling Lianke Ecological Technology Co., Ltd., with the trade name of "expansion and storage capacity organic fertilizer".

[0044] The water retaining agent uses a conventional water retaining agent known in the prior art, preferably a water retaining agent produced by Yangling Huizhong Technology Development Co., Ltd., with the trade name of "water absorbing and retaining agent".

[0045] The TRIME pipe is a conventional soil profile water probe known in the prior art.

[0046] In accordance with the above technical solutions, the specific embodiments of the present application are given below, it should be noted that the present application is not limited to the following specific embodiments, any equivalent transformation made on the basis of the technical solutions of the present application falls within the protection scope of the present application.

[0047] Embodiment 1

[0048] This embodiment gives a strip-shaped micro-ridge root zone water and fertilizer gathering system, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the system comprises convex slopes 1 symmetrically arranged on the two sides of apple trees 13 in the transverse direction; the transverse inner sides of the two convex slopes 1 meet, and the concave formed by the meeting is an infiltration ditch 2; an infiltration pipe 3 is embedded in the ground of the infiltration ditch 2 between two adjacent apple trees 13 in the longitudinal direction, and the infiltration pipe 3 is arranged downward along the vertical direction; a ground cloth 11 is laid on the convex slopes 1 and the infiltration ditch 2, and the ground cloth 11 covers the infiltration pipe 3; a water collecting and fertilizing ditch 4 is opened on the ground outside the convex slopes 1 in the transverse direction, and the transverse inner side of the water collecting and fertilizing ditch 4 is adjacent to the transverse outer side of the convex slopes 1; a first fertilizer layer 5, a first backfill soil layer 6, a second fertilizer layer 7 and a second backfill soil layer 8 are sequentially arranged in the water collecting and fertilizing ditch 4 from bottom to top, the bottom surface of the second backfill soil layer 8 is flat, the top surface of the second backfill soil layer 8 is an S-shaped slope, the transverse outer side of the S-shaped slope is convex and the transverse inner side is concave, the convex part of the S-shaped slope is a ridge 9, and the concave part of the S-shaped slope is a water collecting ditch 10.

[0049] In this embodiment, the convex slopes 1 play a role in guiding rainwater, and setting larger convex slopes 1 can make more rainwater flow into the infiltration pipe 3, so that it is stored in the soil for the root system of the fruit tree to absorb, thereby reducing water evaporation.

[0050] In this embodiment, the infiltration pipe 3 can guide the rainwater accumulated on the ground cloth, so that the accumulated rainwater and supplemental irrigation water directly moisten the root soil through the infiltration pipe 3, thereby improving the effective utilization efficiency of rainwater.

[0051] In this embodiment, the second backfill soil layer 8 in the water collecting and fertilizing ditch 4 plays a role in accumulating and guiding rainwater, and cooperates with the first fertilizer layer 5 and the second fertilizer layer 7 to timely fertilize and irrigate the apple trees 13.

[0052] In this embodiment, the effective rainwater collecting surface of the ground cloth 11 is 2m wide and 0.12mm thick, and is made of narrow strip-shaped polyethylene material. The polyethylene material is tough and durable. Due to its unique structure, the ground cloth 11 is beneficial to reduce the evaporation of the ground surface near the root zone of the fruit tree and maintain the soil moisture in the dry season; in the rainy season, it can timely drain water and store water, reduce the erosion of rainwater on the soil, and protect the soil and the plough layer. It helps to conserve soil moisture. In addition, the ground cloth 11 can effectively inhibit the growth of weeds near the root zone of the fruit tree, save the weeding work, and reduce the working intensity of the fruit farmers.

[0053] As a specific scheme of this embodiment, as shown in Figure 3As shown, the infiltration pipe 3 comprises an infiltration pipe body 301 embedded in the ground of the infiltration ditch 2, the top end of the infiltration pipe body 301 is open and the bottom end is closed, and an infiltration pipe end cover 302 is arranged on the open top end of the infiltration pipe body 301; a plurality of water infiltration holes 303 are arranged on the infiltration pipe body 301, the plurality of water infiltration holes 303 are arranged in multiple rows, and the water infiltration holes 303 of adjacent two rows are staggered; the top surface of the infiltration pipe end cover 302 is a water-permeable grid 304.

[0054] In this embodiment, the bottom end of the infiltration pipe body 301 is closed by an integrated bottom cover, which can effectively reduce deep seepage of rainwater, strengthen lateral migration of water, and improve root soil moisture content.

[0055] In this embodiment, the overall length of the infiltration pipe 3 is 60 cm, the inner diameter of the infiltration pipe body 301 is 16 cm, and the infiltration pipe body 301 is made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) material. The PVC pipe material is waterproof and corrosion-resistant, and has a long service life.

[0056] As a specific scheme of this embodiment, the water infiltration holes 303 are arranged in three rows from top to bottom, with four water infiltration holes 303 in each row, a total of twelve water infiltration holes 303, the lowermost row of water infiltration holes 303 is 5 cm from the bottom end of the infiltration pipe body 301, the middle row of water infiltration holes 303 is 10 cm from the bottom end of the infiltration pipe body 301, the uppermost row of water infiltration holes 303 is 15 cm from the bottom end of the infiltration pipe body 301, and the adjacent two rows of hole positions are staggered and do not overlap.

[0057] In this embodiment, the water infiltration holes 303 are staggered, which has two advantages: first, to ensure that the pipe will not be broken due to the connection of the upper and lower holes, and to ensure the overall strength of the infiltration pipe 3; second, to ensure that water flows into the rhizosphere soil of the fruit trees from all directions as much as possible.

[0058] As a specific scheme of this embodiment, the top end of the infiltration pipe end cover 302 protrudes upward by 1-2 cm above the ground where the infiltration ditch 2 is located, which can block the soil on the ground around the infiltration pipe 3 and prevent the soil from entering the pipe along with the rainwater and blocking the hole.

[0059] As a specific scheme of this embodiment, the average plant spacing of the apple trees 13 is 3m x 5m (longitudinal x transverse), and the infiltration pipe 3 is embedded between the two adjacent apple trees 13 in the longitudinal direction, i.e. 1.5m from the front or rear side of the apple trees 13 in the longitudinal direction. The infiltration pipe 3 is installed in the middle position, and the adjacent two fruit trees can be used, which is the most practical for farmers and reduces production costs.

[0060] As a specific solution of the embodiment, the vertical distance from the highest point of the convex slope surface 1 to the horizontal plane where the bottom end of the apple tree 13 is located is H0, H0 is 15 cm, and H0 is the vertical height of the convex slope surface 1; the vertical distance from the highest point of the convex slope surface 1 to the vertical plane where the lateral outer side of the catchment and fertilization ditch 4 is located is L0, L0 is 50 cm, and L0 is half of the horizontal width of the convex slope surface 1; and the slope (i.e., the vertical height / horizontal width) of the convex slope surface 1 is 15% after calculation.

[0061] As a specific solution of the embodiment, the ground adjacent to the lateral outer side of the catchment and fertilization ditch 4 is the transition surface 12, the vertical distance from the highest point of the ridge surface 9 to the horizontal plane where the transition surface 12 is located is H2, H2 is 10 cm, and H2 is the vertical height of the ridge surface 9; the vertical distance from the highest point of the ridge surface 9 to the vertical plane where the lateral outer edge of the catchment and fertilization ditch 4 is located is L2, L2 is 5 cm, and L2 is half of the horizontal width of the ridge surface 9; and the slope of the ridge surface 9 is 100% after calculation.

[0062] As a specific solution of the embodiment, the width L1 of the catchment and fertilization ditch 4 is 20 cm, and the depth H1 of the catchment and fertilization ditch 4 is 40 cm. The width L3 of the catchment ditch 10 is 10 cm, and the depth H3 of the catchment and fertilization ditch 4 is 10 cm. In the embodiment, the size of the catchment and fertilization ditch 4, and the structural parameters of the convex slope surface 1, the ridge surface 9, and the catchment ditch 10 can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0063] As a specific solution of the embodiment, the first fertilizer layer 5 is filled and compacted by the first mixed soil material, the first mixed soil material is composed of ammoniated straw and loess, and the mass ratio of the ammoniated straw to the loess is 1:10; the second fertilizer layer 7 is filled and compacted by the second mixed soil material, the second mixed soil material is composed of water-retaining agent, water, soil expansion and storage capacity fertilizer, and loess, and the mass ratio of the water-retaining agent, the water, the soil expansion and storage capacity fertilizer, and the loess is 0.1:4:44:7. The first backfill soil layer 6 and the second backfill soil layer 8 are both filled and compacted by the original soil of the experimental field.

[0064] As a specific solution of the embodiment, the ammoniated straw is prepared by using urea solution and air-dried crop straw, the mass ratio of the urea solution to the air-dried crop straw is 3:10, the length of the crop straw is 1-2 cm, and the mass ratio of urea in the urea solution to the air-dried crop straw is 1:25.

[0065] In this embodiment, the preparation process of the ammoniated straw is as follows: the crop straw such as corn straw, wheat straw or bean straw dried in the previous year is cut into segments with a length of 1-2 cm, then urea is dissolved in water to prepare a urea solution, the urea solution is sprayed on the straw with a length of 1-2 cm, mixed uniformly, tamped and compacted, finally sealed with double plastic film and stored in a ventilated place, and the ammoniated straw is prepared after 7 days of standing at 20-25°C under sealed conditions.

[0066] In this embodiment, the soil expansion and storage capacity fertilizer can provide fruit trees with available nutrients such as nitrogen, soluble phosphorus and soluble potassium in the soil, provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of fruit trees, improve soil fertility, and improve the yield and quality of fruit trees; the water-retaining agent and the ammoniated straw can improve the granular structure of the loess soil, expand the soil water storage and soil conservation space, and adjust the soil water, heat and air conditions, so as to alleviate the problems of low soil fertility, soil dry layer, low apple yield and poor quality in the orchard of the Loess Plateau mountainous area.

[0067] In this embodiment, the working process of the strip-shaped micro-ridge and furrow root zone water and fertilizer aggregation system is as follows:

[0068] When there is too much rain or too much field irrigation water, part of the water flow accumulates on the ground cloth 11 and flows into the infiltration ditch 2, and then flows into the ground through the infiltration pipe 3 to irrigate the roots of the apple tree 13. Another part of the water flow will flow into the water collecting ditch 10, and then penetrate downward into the first fertilizer layer 5 and the second fertilizer layer 7, dissolve the fertilizer, and achieve the purpose of fertilizing the apple tree 13. Through the above process, water resources can be utilized, and at the same time, sufficient nutrients are provided for the growth and development of fruit trees.

[0069] In this embodiment, in order to determine the influence of the soil expansion and storage capacity fertilizer, a control experiment is conducted, and 3 treatment groups are set, and 3 apple trees are selected in each treatment group, and a total of 9 apple trees; as shown in Table 1, the three treatment groups are applied with 0 kg per apple tree of soil expansion and storage capacity fertilizer (marked as CK), 20 kg per apple tree of soil expansion and storage capacity fertilizer (marked as T1) and 44 kg per apple tree of soil expansion and storage capacity fertilizer (marked as T2).

[0070] Table 1, addition of organic materials under different treatments

[0071]

[0072] (A) Influence of soil expansion and storage capacity fertilizer on soil water content:

[0073] As Figure 4As shown, the use of strip-shaped micro-ridge furrow root zone water and fertilizer accumulation technology significantly increased soil moisture content at different depths, with the T2 treatment showing higher soil moisture content than the T1 treatment. Specifically, the soil moisture content reached its maximum in the 60-80cm soil layer, with the T2 treatment reaching 22.35%, a 25.21% increase compared to the control (CK) treatment; the T1 treatment reached 21.65%, a 21.29% increase compared to the CK treatment.

[0074] (B) The effects of soil expansion and volume-enhancing fertilizers on soil nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen:

[0075] like Figure 5 As shown in Table 2, after the application of the strip micro-ridge furrow root zone water and fertilizer accumulation technology, the nitrate nitrogen content in all soil layers was higher than that in the control (CK) treatment. The nitrate nitrogen content in the T2 treatment was generally higher than that in the T1 treatment. Specifically, in the T2 treatment, the nitrate nitrogen content in the 60-80cm soil layer reached its maximum at 87.47 mg / kg, an increase of 74.35% compared to the CK treatment; in the T1 treatment, the nitrate nitrogen content in the 60-80cm soil layer was 72.27 mg / kg, an increase of 44.05% compared to the CK treatment. Table 2 also shows that the ammonium nitrogen content in the T2 treatment increased by 53.54% compared to the CK treatment, while the ammonium nitrogen content in the T1 treatment increased by 24.02%.

[0076] (C) The effects of soil expansion and volume-enhancing fertilizers on soil structure, soil organic matter, and apple quality and yield:

[0077] Table 2. Soil nutrients, fruit quality and yield in apple orchards under different treatments

[0078]

[0079] Table 2 shows that throughout the apple tree's growth period, the soil bulk density under treatment T2 decreased by 8.27% compared to treatment CK, while under treatment T1 it decreased by 4.51%. The saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil under treatment T2 increased by 58.99% compared to treatment CK, while under treatment T1 it increased by 46.08%. The saturated water content of the soil under treatment T2 increased by 11.64% compared to treatment CK, while under treatment T1 it increased by 13.15%. Soil organic matter under treatment T2 increased by 16.48% compared to treatment CK, while under treatment T1 it increased by 8.71%. The number of apples per tree under treatment T2 reached 163, an increase of 17.27% compared to treatment CK, while under treatment T1 it was 157, an increase of 12.95%. The yield per tree under treatment T2 reached 37.26 kg, an increase of 14.89% compared to treatment CK; the fruit shape index reached 0.87, an increase of 2.35% compared to treatment CK.

[0080] Through the above experimental results, the application amount of soil water storage and capacity increasing fertilizer in the second mixed soil material is finally determined as 44 kg per plant.

[0081] Example 2

[0082] This embodiment gives a construction method of the strip-shaped micro-ridge and furrow root zone water and fertilizer aggregation system of Example 1, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0083] Step one, trim the convex slope surface:

[0084] A convex slope surface 1 is trimmed on each of the two lateral sides of the apple tree 13, the soil at the bottom of the two sides of the apple tree 13 is slightly dug to form an infiltration ditch 2, and then the soil is rammed.

[0085] Step two, ditching and ridging:

[0086] The water and fertilizer collecting ditch 4 is excavated on the outside of the convex slope surface 1 trimmed in step one, then the ammoniated straw and loess are mixed uniformly and filled into the bottom of the water and fertilizer collecting ditch 4 to form the first fertilizer layer 5; a layer of original soil is backfilled to form the first backfill soil layer 6; the water retaining agent is mixed with water, and after the water retaining agent is fully absorbed, it becomes a hydrogel state, then the water retaining agent in the hydrogel state, the soil water storage and capacity increasing fertilizer and the loess are mixed uniformly and filled into the water and fertilizer collecting ditch 4 to form the second fertilizer layer 7; finally, the original soil is backfilled and lightly compacted, the backfilling height is lower than the ground surface, the soil layer is trimmed into an S-shaped slope surface to form the ridge surface 9 and the water collecting ditch 10, and then the soil is rammed to form the second backfill soil layer 8.

[0087] Step three, making and burying the infiltration pipe:

[0088] A PVC pipe with a total length of 4 m and an inner diameter of 16 cm is selected, which is cut into a single 60 cm long by hand saw to make the infiltration pipe body 301, then the water infiltration holes 303 are opened on the infiltration pipe body 301, and finally the infiltration pipe end cap 302 is capped on the top end of the infiltration pipe body 301, and the water permeable grid 304 is opened on the infiltration pipe end cap 302 to complete the making of the infiltration pipe 3; then the infiltration pipe 3 is buried in the infiltration ditch 2 between the two adjacent apple trees 13.

[0089] Step four, laying the ground cloth:

[0090] The ground cloth 11 is laid on the convex slope surface 1 and the infiltration ditch 2 where the infiltration pipe 3 is buried, and the edges of the ground cloth 11 located on both sides of the tree trunk and the two ground cloth connection parts at the middle position of the tree trunk are nailed with plastic nails.

[0091] Example 3

[0092] This embodiment gives an application of the strip-shaped micro-ridge and furrow root zone water and fertilizer aggregation system of Example 1 to fruit tree cultivation.

[0093] In this embodiment, the selected fruit tree cultivation experimental area is located in a 6-year-old rain-fed orchard in the typical loess plateau gully area of the northern mountain of Wanfang Village, Hezhuangping Town, Baota District, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province. The latitude and longitude of this place is 36.693188°N, 109.355166°E, and the altitude is 1230.7 meters. The fruit trees in the experimental area are planted in the north-south direction, with a length of about 53m and a width of about 15m, covering an area of about 795m 2 The main varieties planted are Red Fuji and eight-edged calyx as rootstock, with an average planting density of 5m x 3m. The orchard has uniform growth, sufficient light, large diurnal temperature difference, and the tree trunk diameter is 9.5-10.6 cm, the tree height is 2.8-3.0 m, the branch length is 1.2-2.0 m, and the growth management condition is good. The experimental area belongs to arid and semi-arid climate, with an average annual rainfall of about 500mm, mainly concentrated in July-September, an average annual temperature of 9.4°C, a frost-free period of 170-186 days, and a soil type of loess soil. The average soil bulk density of the original soil layer is 1.40 g / cm 3 , the mass fractions of clay, silt and sand are 15.73%, 24.96% and 59.30 respectively, the saturated water content is 42.28%, and the field water capacity is 37.38%.

[0094] Effect verification:

[0095] (D) Soil volume water content determination:

[0096] A pipe TDR system based on time domain reflection principle and a PICO-BT Bluetooth module are used to monitor the soil volume water content in the experimental area during the growth period of the fruit trees (April-November). Multiple TRIME pipes (14) are arranged on the center line of the infiltration ditch 2 and in the direction perpendicular to the center line of the infiltration ditch 2, with a distance of 30cm, 60cm and 90cm from the infiltration pipe 3 respectively. The TRIME pipe (14) is buried at a depth of 200cm, and is used to measure the soil volume water content of the 0-180cm soil layer. The measurement step is 20cm, and the measurement is performed once in the upper, middle and lower three weeks of each month. The measurement time and frequency are adjusted according to the weather changes and actual conditions, and each treatment is measured at least three times, and the average value is taken.

[0097] The measurement results of the soil volume water content are shown in Figure 6 to Figure 8

[0098] As shown in Figure 6 , the soil volume water content in each soil layer under T treatment is always greater than that under CK treatment. In the summer and autumn of 2022, the average soil volume water content is increased by 17.8% and 10.9% respectively compared with CK treatment, and in the winter, spring and summer of 2023, it is increased by 17.6%, 14.2% and 15.1% respectively, and the difference in the surface layer is the largest.​Figure 7 It can be seen that after typical rainfall, the soil volumetric water content of T treatment is larger than that of CK treatment, the soil water transport distribution is better, and the rainwater storage and water increasing effect is good. Figure 8 It can be seen that from August 2022 to June 2023, the soil water storage of T treatment is increased by 14%, 25.1%, 22.6%, 27.4%, 30.2%, 10.5%, 7.8% and 8.9% respectively compared with CK treatment.

[0099] (E) Soil temperature measurement:

[0100] Soil temperature was measured from the budding and flowering period of fruit trees (April) to the fruit drop period (November). The soil temperature at 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm and 25 cm soil layers under mulch and clean tillage treatments was measured by using a right-angle soil thermometer. The measurement was conducted once every 10 days, and the measurement time period was 8:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00, 16:00, 18:00 and 20:00. The measurement results of soil temperature are shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10 .

[0101] The average soil temperature change trend is basically the same as the air temperature change trend. It can be seen from Figure 9 that compared with CK, the average soil temperature during the budding and flowering period, leaf expansion period and fruit enlargement period of T treatment is increased by 3.5℃, 3.6℃ and 4.4℃ respectively, and the difference is significant; it can be seen from Figure 10 that during the budding and flowering period, the average air temperature is highest at about 12:00, and the average soil temperature is highest at about 16:00, and the highest temperature of T treatment is increased by 5.5℃ compared with CK; during the leaf expansion period and fruit enlargement period, the average air temperature and the average soil temperature are both highest at about 16:00, and the highest temperature of T treatment is increased by 4.7℃ and 5.1℃ respectively compared with CK.

[0102] (F) Apple yield and quality measurement:

[0103] After the apple matures, the single fruit weight (randomly selecting 3 apples from each of the east, west, south and north directions of each test tree) and total yield (kg) of each test tree are measured by using an electronic scale, the horizontal and vertical diameters are measured by using a vernier caliper, and then the fruit shape index (vertical diameter / horizontal diameter) is calculated. The total sugar content of the fruit is measured by using anthrone colorimetry, the soluble solid content of the fruit is measured by using a handheld refractometer, the total acid content is measured by using NaOH solution titration, and the VC content is measured by using 2,6-dichloroindophenol titration. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0104] Table 3, Effect of different treatments on apple single fruit, single plant yield and fruit shape index

[0105]

[0106] Table 4, the effect of different treatments on apple quality

[0107]

[0108] From table 3 and table 4, compared with the traditional clean tillage mode, the single fruit quality of apple under the technology increased by 6.06%, the single plant yield increased by 25.44%, the vitamin C content increased by 25.43%, the soluble solids increased by 26%, the total sugar increased by 34.44%, and the difference was significant; the fruit shape index increased, the total acid decreased by 14.32%, but the difference was not significant.

Claims

1. A strip-shaped micro-ridge furrow root zone water and fertilizer accumulation system, characterized in that, The system includes convex slopes (1) symmetrically arranged on both sides of the trees, with the inner sides of the two convex slopes (1) intersecting and forming a depression (2) at the intersection. An infiltration pipe (3) is buried in the ground of the infiltration ditch (2) between two adjacent trees in the longitudinal direction. The infiltration pipe (3) is set downward in the vertical direction. A ground cover (11) is laid on the convex slopes (1) and the infiltration ditch (2), and the ground cover (11) covers the infiltration pipe (3). A water collection and fertilization ditch (4) is provided on the ground outside the lateral side of the convex slope (1). The inner side of the water collection and fertilization ditch (4) is adjacent to the outer side of the convex slope (1). The water collection and fertilization ditch (4) is provided with a first fertilizer layer (5), a first backfill soil layer (6), a second fertilizer layer (7), and a second backfill soil layer (8) from bottom to top. The bottom surface of the second backfill layer (8) is flat, and the top surface of the second backfill layer (8) is an S-shaped slope. The outer side of the S-shaped slope is raised and the inner side is recessed. The raised part of the S-shaped slope is the ridge surface (9), and the recessed part of the S-shaped slope is the water collection ditch (10). The infiltration pipe (3) includes an infiltration pipe body (301) buried in the ground of the infiltration trench (2). The top of the infiltration pipe body (301) is open and the bottom is closed. An infiltration pipe end cap (302) is provided on the open top of the infiltration pipe body (301). Multiple seepage holes (303) are provided on the infiltration pipe body (301). The multiple seepage holes (303) are arranged in multiple rows, and the seepage holes (303) in adjacent rows are staggered. The top surface of the infiltration pipe end cap (302) is a permeable grid (304). The top of the infiltration pipe end cap (302) extends upwards beyond the ground where the infiltration ditch (2) is located, and is 1-2 cm higher than the ground surface; The vertical distance from the highest point of the convex slope (1) to the horizontal plane where the bottom of the tree is located is H0, and the vertical distance from the highest point of the convex slope (1) to the vertical plane where the bottom of the tree is located is L0. H0:2L0 is (10~20):

100. The ground adjacent to the outer side of the water collection and fertilization ditch (4) is the transition surface (12); the vertical distance from the highest point of the ridge surface (9) to the horizontal plane of the transition surface (12) is H2, and the vertical distance from the highest point of the ridge surface (9) to the vertical plane of the outer side of the water collection and fertilization ditch (4) is L2. H2:2L2 is (80~120):

100. The first fertilizer layer (5) is filled and compacted with the first mixed soil material, which is composed of ammonified straw and yellow cotton soil; the second fertilizer layer (7) is filled and compacted with the second mixed soil material, which is composed of water-retaining agent, water, soil expansion and capacity-enhancing fertilizer and yellow cotton soil. In the first mixed soil, the mass ratio of ammonified straw to yellow cotton soil is (0.5-2):10; in the second mixed soil, the mass ratio of water-retaining agent, water, soil expansion and volume-enhancing fertilizer and yellow cotton soil is (0.05-0.5):(2-10):(25-50):

7. Ammonified straw is made from urea solution and air-dried crop straw. The mass ratio of urea solution to air-dried crop straw is (2-5):10, and the mass ratio of urea in urea solution to air-dried crop straw is (0.5-2):

25. The crop straw mentioned is selected from corn straw, wheat straw and bean straw.

2. The application of the strip-shaped micro-ridge root zone water and fertilizer collection system as described in claim 1 in fruit tree cultivation.

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