A method for high grafting and high yield of cherry in southwest cold and cool highland

Abstract

The application discloses a method suitable for high grafting and high yield of sour cherry in southwest cold and cool highlands, and comprises the following steps: (1) shape pruning and management of original plants; (2) selection of grafted stock branches; (3) selection of grafted varieties and scions; (4) grafting time and method; (5) management after grafting; and (6) management in the second year after grafting. The method improves the existing sour cherry high grafting and high yield technology, overcomes the problems of low grafting survival rate, grafting interface gum flow, slow wound healing, weak new shoot growth, slow garden formation after grafting and the like in the traditional method, can make the grafting survival rate of high yield replacement reach more than 90%, and makes the high yield replacement plants form rapidly within two years, the yield of single plant reaches more than 3.50 kg in the third year, and brings higher economic benefits for the growers.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a fruit tree cultivation method, and belongs to the field of plant cultivation. BACKGROUND

[0002] Large cherry, also known as sweet cherry and cherry, is a kind of temperate deciduous fruit tree. The fruit is rich in nutrients, has the functions of beautifying skin, regulating middle and tonifying qi, and dispelling wind and dampness, and is a kind of health-care fruit with high nutritional and economic values. So far, the cultivation area of large cherry in the high-altitude cold region in the southwest of China has exceeded 15,000 hm 2 . Due to the cold and cool climate in summer, long sunshine time and large diurnal temperature difference in the region, the large cherry fruits produced have long growth period, sufficient accumulation of nutrients, sweet taste and excellent quality. Compared with the main production areas of large cherry in the north of China such as Shandong and Liaoning, the large cherry industry in the high-altitude cold region in the southwest of China started relatively late. Most of the fruit farmers lack relevant planting management experience, and do not choose suitable varieties for the region in the aspect of large cherry variety selection. The introduced varieties have poor adaptability, resulting in late fruiting, low yield, poor quality and low planting benefit of large cherry in the region, which seriously discourages the production enthusiasm of the fruit farmers. In order to improve the yield and quality of the fruits, increase the income of the fruit farmers and ensure the sustainable development of the large cherry industry in the region, it is urgent to carry out variety improvement at present, and replace the original low-efficiency varieties with excellent varieties that are suitable for the local climate conditions and have high quality and high yield. If new varieties are planted by re-establishing the orchard, it will take a long time, consume a lot of investment and take a long time to shape the tree. The existing grafting technology has problems such as low survival rate, grafting gum at the grafting interface, slow wound healing, weak growth of new shoots and slow orchard formation after grafting, so that the high grafting and variety replacement technology cannot play a real role. Therefore, it is of great significance for the quality improvement and income increase of the fruit farmers in the region to research a high grafting and variety replacement technology that is simple and easy to operate and can quickly form a high-yield orchard from the low-efficiency large cherry orchard in the high-altitude cold region in the southwest of China. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide a new technology for high grafting and variety replacement of mature large cherry trees, which is simple to operate, can effectively improve the survival rate of large cherry grafting, promote the rapid shaping of large cherry trees and achieve high yield.

[0004] The present application is realized by the following technical scheme:

[0005] A method for high grafting and variety replacement of large cherry in the cold and cool highlands in the southwest of China for rapid and high yield, comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) The original plant shaping pruning and management: in late May to mid-June of the first year, after the fruit picking, the plant immediately after the application of a nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content of 30:10:10 high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer, the amount of 0.75-1.00 kg / plant, and pour water; then keep the plant base to grow in different directions 3-4 main branches, saw off the upper main stem and the rest of the branches, the main branches kept 5-10 cm from the base of sawing, all the sawing mouth smear wound healing agent; and in mid-July to early September of the same year, every 14 days after the application of a nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content of 20:20:20 balanced water-soluble fertilizer, the amount of 0.30-0.50 kg / plant, to promote the new branch germination and growth.

[0007] (2) Selection of grafting stock branches: in the spring before grafting the next year, from the many new branches germinated after shaping pruning of the plant in the previous year, a branch near the sawing mouth of each retained main branch is selected as the grafting stock branch, and then the rest of the branches are all cut off from the base.

[0008] (3) Selection of grafting varieties and scions: select low cold requirement, strong self-fertility, early fruiting, high-yielding cherry varieties, and select spring germinated vegetative branches as scions for grafting.

[0009] (4) Grafting time and method: in late February to mid-March of the next year, the selected stock branches are cut to 8-10 cm, and single-bud wedge grafting is used for grafting, with one row of cherry varieties grafted each time. When grafting, the scion bud points should face outward, and the grafting interface and scion should be wrapped tightly with plastic film, exposing only the scion bud points.

[0010] (5) Management after grafting: timely removal of germination, strengthening of fertilizer and water management, and strengthening of disease and pest control. In late May to early June, when the new shoots of the scion germinate to 50-60 cm, the plastic film wrapped around the grafting interface and scion is cut open with a blade, and the new shoots are cut short at 15-20 cm, retaining the outer buds and lateral buds and removing the dorsal buds.

[0011] (6) Management in the second year after grafting: before germination in the spring, short-cut the strong and vigorous branches and the moderate branches to 10-15 cm, retaining the outer buds and lateral buds and removing the dorsal buds, and cut off the weak branches from the base. After the plant germinates, strengthen the fertilizer and water management, and strengthen the disease and pest control. In mid-May to early June, remove the strong and vigorous branches, weak branches, and branches that affect the ventilation and light transmission of the tree, leaving 15-20 moderate branches, and removing the new shoots germinated on the back and sides of the retained branches, keeping the branches single-axis extension.

[0012] The stock branch selected in step (2) should be between 0.6-1.0 cm in diameter, within 0.5 cm from the sawing mouth of the retained main branch, and must be a branch that grows on the upper part of the sawing mouth, is strong and highly lignified.

[0013] The selected large cherry varieties in the step (3) are respectively Ziqiao, Samidet and Hejin, and the thickness of the varieties should be between 0.5-0.8 cm.

[0014] The present application has the following advantages: the present application improves the existing large cherry high grafting and upgrading technology, overcomes the problems of low grafting survival rate, grafting interface gum, slow wound healing, weak new shoot growth, slow garden formation after grafting and the like in the traditional method, and can make the grafting survival rate of upgrading reach more than 90%, and make the upgraded plants form rapidly within two years, and the yield of single plant reach more than 3.50 kg in the third year, thereby bringing high economic benefits to the growers. EMBODIMENT

[0015] The present application will be further described in detail in combination with the embodiments and specific implementation manners. EMBODIMENT

[0016] A method suitable for large cherry high grafting and upgrading rapid high yield in cold and cool highlands in southwest, comprising the following steps:

[0017] (1) Original plant shaping pruning and management: in late May to mid-June of the first year, after the fruits are picked, the plants are immediately applied with a high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer with the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium being 30:10:10, the usage amount is 0.75-1.00 kg / plant, and the water is poured thoroughly; then 3-4 main branches growing in different directions at the base of the plants are reserved, the upper main stem and the remaining branches are sawed off, the reserved main branches are sawed off at 5-10 cm from the base, and all the sawing openings are smeared with wound healing agent; and from mid-July to early September of the same year, a balanced water-soluble fertilizer with the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium being 20:20:20 is applied every 14 days, the usage amount is 0.30-0.50 kg / plant, so as to promote the germination and growth of new branches.

[0018] (2) Selection of grafting stock branches: before grafting in the next spring, one branch near the sawing opening of each reserved main branch is selected from the numerous new branches germinated after the shaping pruning of the plants in the previous year as a grafting stock branch, and then the remaining branches are all cut off from the base.

[0019] (3) Selection of grafting varieties and scion: a large cherry variety with low cold requirement, strong self-pollination ability, early fruiting and high yield is selected, and a vegetative branch germinated in spring is selected as a scion, and the middle part of the scion is used for grafting.

[0020] (4) Grafting time and method: in late February to mid-March of the next year, the selected stock branches are cut to 8-10 cm, and single-bud wedge grafting method is used for grafting, one row of each large cherry variety is grafted. When grafting, the scion bud point should be outward, the grafting interface and the scion should be tightly wrapped with plastic film, and only the scion bud point is exposed.

[0021] (5) After grafting management: timely removal of sprouts, strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, strengthen the prevention and treatment of diseases and pests. In late May to early June, when the new shoots of the scion sprout to 50-60 cm, the interface and the plastic film bound to the scion are cut with a blade, and shortening is performed at 15-20 cm of the new shoots. The outer buds and lateral buds are retained, and the dorsal buds are removed.

[0022] (6) The management of the second year after grafting: 10-15 cm of strong branches and medium branches are short-stemmed before the spring sprouting, the outer buds and lateral buds are retained, and the dorsal buds are removed. The weak branches are cut from the base. After the plant sprouts, the fertilizer and water management are strengthened, and the prevention and treatment of diseases and pests are strengthened. In mid-May to early June, the strong branches, weak branches and branches that affect the ventilation and light transmission of the tree body sprouted this year are removed, and 15-20 medium branches of the whole plant are retained, and the new shoots sprouted on the back and both sides of the retained branches are removed, and the single-axis extension of the branches is maintained.

[0023] The thickness of the branch of the stock selected in step (2) should be between 0.6-1.0 cm, within 0.5 cm from the retained main branch cut, and must be the branch sprouted on the upper part of the cut, strong in growth, and high in lignification.

[0024] The large cherry varieties selected in step (3) are Qizao, Samidet and Heijin, and the thickness of the scion should be between 0.5-0.8 cm.

[0025] Through the technical method of the present application, the survival rate of high grafting and exchange is more than 90%, and the exchanged plant can be quickly shaped within two years, and the yield of a single plant reaches more than 3.50 kg in the third year, which has remarkable effect.

[0026] The above is only an embodiment of the present application, not limiting the patent scope of the present application, and any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation using the content of the present application specification, or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method suitable for high grafting and rapid high yield of sour cherry in southwest cool and cool highlands, characterized by, It comprises the following steps: (1) the original plant shaping pruning and management: in late May to mid-June, after the fruit picking, the plant immediately after a nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content of 30:10:10 high nitrogen water soluble fertilizer, the amount of 0.75-1.00 kg / plant, and pour water; then keep the plant base to grow in different directions 3-4 main branches, saw off the upper main stem and the rest of the branches, the main branches from the base 5-10 cm saw off, all the sawing mouth smear wound healing agent; and in the middle of July to early September, every 14 days after a nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content of 20:20:20 balance water soluble fertilizer, the amount of 0.30-0.50 kg / plant, to promote the new branch germination and growth; (2) the selection of grafting stock branch: in the spring before grafting next year, from the last year after the shaping pruning of the plant sprouting a lot of new branches in each of the reserved main branch sawing mouth near all selected a branch as grafting stock branch, and then all the rest of the branches are cut from the base; the selected stock branch should be between 0.6-1.0 cm, within 0.5 cm from the reserved main branch sawing mouth, and must be on the sawing mouth upper, strong growth, high degree of lignification of the branch; (3) the selection of grafting varieties and scion: choose low cold requirement, strong self-fertility, early fruit, high yield of large cherry varieties, select the spring germination of vegetative branches as scion, take the middle part for grafting; (4) grafting time and method: in late February to mid-March next year, the selected stock branch is cut to 8-10 cm, and single bud wedge grafting method is used for grafting, one row of each large cherry variety is grafted; the scion bud point should be outward during grafting, and the interface and scion are wrapped with plastic film tightly, only the scion bud point is exposed; (5) the management after grafting: timely sprout removal, strengthening fertilizer and water management, strengthening disease and pest control; in late May to early June, when the new shoots of the scion grow to 50-60 cm, the plastic film wrapped on the interface and scion is cut open with a blade, and the new shoots are cut short at 15-20 cm, the outer bud and lateral bud are retained, and the dorsal bud is removed; (6) the management of the second year after grafting: before the spring germination, the strong branches and the moderate branches are cut short by 10-15 cm, the outer bud and lateral bud are retained, and the dorsal bud is removed, the weak branches are cut from the base; after the plant germination, the fertilizer and water management is strengthened, and the disease and pest control is strengthened; in mid-May to early June, the strong branches, weak branches and branches affecting the ventilation and light transmission of the tree are removed, 15-20 moderate branches are retained, and the new shoots sprouting on the dorsal and both sides of the retained branches are removed, to keep the single axis extension of the branches.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The large cherry varieties selected in step (3) are respectively Qizao, Samidet and Heijin, and the scion thickness of the varieties should be between 0.5-0.8 cm.