A rapid propagation method of excellent single seedling of aronia melanocarpa
By pruning European plum seedlings, selecting superior individual plants, managing fertilizer and water, and using cutting techniques, the problem of weak growth in European plum seedlings has been solved, enabling rapid propagation and continuous fruiting of superior European plum individual plants, thus shortening the breeding time.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HENAN UNIV OF SCI & TECH
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-24
AI Technical Summary
Under good management, European plum seedlings can form flower buds in the year of germination and flower and bear fruit in the second year. However, the underground stem has not yet formed, resulting in weak growth of the two-year-old branches after fruiting, few branches, and difficulty in forming strong fruit branches for continuous fruiting. Existing propagation methods affect the growth of new shoots and the formation of flower buds, thus prolonging the breeding time.
By pruning, selecting superior individual plants, managing fertilizer and water, and using cutting techniques, including pruning one-year-old seedlings during the dormant period of Prunus cerasifera, selecting and marking superior individual plants, leaving two-year-old seedlings unpruned, collecting and processing cuttings, and using double-layer substrate for cuttings, we can ensure the growth and nutrient supply of the cuttings and achieve rapid propagation.
It shortens the breeding cycle of European plum, allowing the plants to still bear fruit in the second year, increasing the number of cuttings, improving the propagation coefficient, ensuring the healthy growth of cuttings, and shortening the selection time by at least one year.
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural technology, specifically a method for the rapid propagation of superior single plants of Prunus cerasifera from seed. Background Technology
[0002] Seedlings formed from the germination of Prunus cerasifera seeds are called Prunus cerasifera seedlings. Under good management, these seedlings can form flower buds in the year of germination and flower and bear fruit in the second year, allowing for the initial selection of superior individual plants. However, at this stage, the underground stems of the seedlings have not yet formed, and they cannot rely on these stems to form basal branches. Furthermore, the two-year-old branches of the seedlings after fruiting are weak, producing few and thin branches, making it difficult to form robust fruiting branches for continuous fruiting. These branches are often thinned out during routine management. Currently, the most effective method for propagating Prunus cerasifera is greenwood cutting propagation, which uses the current year's new shoots as cuttings. However, collecting new shoots can affect the growth of the current year's new shoots and the formation of flower buds, thus affecting the fruiting in the following year. This also limits the continuous observation of fruit quality and prolongs the breeding time for new Prunus cerasifera varieties. Summary of the Invention
[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention proposes a rapid propagation method for superior single-plant European plum seedlings, which can simultaneously achieve both European plum propagation and continuous fruiting, thereby shortening the breeding cycle.
[0004] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:
[0005] A method for rapid propagation of superior single plants of Prunus cerasifera from seed includes the following steps:
[0006] Step 1: Pruning of 1-year-old seedlings
[0007] During the dormancy period of Prunus cerasifera, prune the Prunus cerasifera seedlings that have flowered in the past year, retaining one strong flowering branch per plant, and prune the retained branch short, leaving 5 to 6 flower buds;
[0008] Step 2: Select superior seedlings
[0009] During the fruit ripening period, select superior individual plants based on fruit characteristics and breeding objectives, and label the individual plants.
[0010] Step 3: Fertilizer and water management;
[0011] Step 4: Do not prune superior 2-year-old seedlings during their dormancy period;
[0012] Step 5: Management of 2-year-old superior seedlings during the budding stage
[0013] After the flower buds swell, select 1-2 branches with flower buds at the very bottom of the plant, and prune them short, leaving 5-6 flower bud nodes at the base of the branches; leave the remaining branches long and remove the flower buds.
[0014] Step Six: Collection of Superior Individual Cuttings
[0015] Around May 1st, cut off one branch above the two remaining short branches and remove the entire crown above it for collecting cuttings; allow the remaining plant to continue growing and thin out the fruit, leaving 5-6 fruits, and observe the fruit quality after they mature.
[0016] Step 7: Cutting the cuttings
[0017] a1. Cut off the 2-year-old branches with new shoots that are more than 10cm long from the crown and cut them into 8-10cm sections. Make sure each section has at least 2 new shoots. Keep the first 2 new shoots and keep 2 leaves on each new shoot. Cut off the rest of the new shoots. Each section is 1 cutting.
[0018] a2. Cut off the 2-year-old branches with new shoots that are 5-10cm long from the crown, keeping the first 1-2 new shoots. Keep 2 leaves on each new shoot and cut it short. Each section is 1 cutting.
[0019] a3. Cut the new shoots with a thickness of more than 2mm from the above operation into 8-10cm sections, retain the top 2 leaves of the section, and remove the rest of the leaves. Each section is 1 cutting.
[0020] Step 8: Insert all the cuttings obtained above into the soil.
[0021] Furthermore, the specific fertilizer and water management in step three is as follows: spray 0.5% urea three times after fruit harvesting, once every three weeks; apply commercial bio-organic fertilizer before leaf fall, with an application rate of 15 tons / hectare.
[0022] Furthermore, step eight, cutting propagation, includes cutting treatment, bed preparation, cutting, moisture retention cultivation, transplanting, and fertilizer and water management.
[0023] The specific steps for preparing the planting bed are as follows: Prepare planting bags with a diameter of 9-11cm, first fill them with 5-6cm of compound substrate, then fill them with 3cm of pure coarse river sand, so that the total height of the two layers of substrate reaches 8-9cm. Then place them in a plastic greenhouse with an automatic sprinkler system, and add 50mL of 500x dilution of imidacloprid solution to each bag.
[0024] Furthermore, the compound substrate includes field soil, peat moss, and bio-organic fertilizer in a ratio of 4:2:0.5, and the pure coarse river sand is obtained by first passing the river sand through a 10-mesh sieve, and then passing the sieved sand particles through a 20-mesh sieve.
[0025] Furthermore, the scion treatment includes the following steps:
[0026] S1, Scion disinfection
[0027] Soak all cuttings in a 500-fold dilution of imidacloprid solution for 30 seconds, then remove and air dry in a shady place.
[0028] S2, Rooting treatment
[0029] Dip the lower biological ends of 2-year-old branch cuttings and 3 cm of the lower biological ends of new shoot cuttings into a 1000-fold dilution of ABT1 rooting powder solution for 15 seconds and 10 seconds, respectively.
[0030] Furthermore, the specific steps for cutting propagation are as follows: Hold the base of the cutting about 3cm away and insert it into the coarse river sand substrate. Note that the cutting should not be inserted into the compound substrate.
[0031] Further, the specific steps for moisturizing cultivation are as follows: For the first 3 weeks after cuttings, spray regularly, once every 2 hours from 8:00 to 20:00 for 10 minutes each time; once every 3 hours from 20:00 to 8:00 the next day for 10 minutes each time; on sunny days, cover with a 6-pin shade net from 10:00 to 16:00, and remove the shade net at other times; for the 4th to 5th weeks, change the spraying time to once every 3 hours from 8:00 to 20:00 for 10 minutes each time; once every 4 hours from 20:00 to 8:00 the next day for 10 minutes each time; on sunny days, cover with a 6-pin shade net from 10:00 to 17:00, and remove the shade net at other times.
[0032] Further, the specific steps for transplanting are as follows: 5 weeks after cutting, transplant the seedlings with their bags into the field with a spacing of 0.3m × 1m. Water thoroughly and keep the soil moist. On sunny days, cover with a 6-needle shade net from 10 am to 5 pm, and remove the shade net at other times. After 2 weeks, manage as usual.
[0033] Further, the specific steps for fertilizer and water management are as follows: spray with 0.5% urea once 2 weeks after transplanting, and then spray once every 3 weeks until the end of August. In the same year, plants with a height of no less than 30cm and good flower bud differentiation can be formed, and they can flower and bear fruit the following year.
[0034] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:
[0035] (1) This invention enables the plant to still bear fruit in the second year and to produce more new shoots;
[0036] (2) Two-year-old branches and new shoots were fully utilized during the collection of cuttings, which increased the number of cuttings and improved the propagation coefficient;
[0037] (3) A double-layer substrate was used. The upper layer of substrate is coarse river sand, which is permeable to water and air, and the cuttings are not easy to rot when inserted into it. The lower layer of substrate is rich in nutrients, permeable to water and air, and the new roots of the cuttings can immediately enter into it to absorb nutrients, thus making up for the lack of nutrients in the cuttings and making the cuttings grow better.
[0038] (4) By using the present invention, the seed selection time can be shortened by at least 1 year. Detailed Implementation
[0039] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below.
[0040] Example 1:
[0041] A method for rapid propagation of superior single plants of Prunus cerasifera from seed includes the following steps:
[0042] Step 1: Pruning of 1-year-old seedlings
[0043] During the dormancy period of Prunus cerasifera, prune the Prunus cerasifera seedlings that have flowered in the past year, retaining one strong flowering branch per plant, and prune the retained branch short, leaving 5 to 6 flower buds;
[0044] Step 2: Select superior seedlings
[0045] During the fruit ripening period, select superior individual plants based on fruit characteristics and breeding objectives, and label the individual plants.
[0046] Step 3: Fertilizer and water management;
[0047] After fruit harvesting, spray 0.5% urea three times, once every three weeks; apply commercial bio-organic fertilizer before leaf fall, at a rate of 15 tons / hectare.
[0048] Step 4: Do not prune superior 2-year-old seedlings during their dormancy period;
[0049] Step 5: Management of 2-year-old superior seedlings during the budding stage
[0050] After the flower buds swell, select 1-2 branches with flower buds at the very bottom of the plant (after sprouting and growing, they are called 2-year-old branches), and prune them short, leaving 5-6 flower buds at the base of the branches; leave the rest of the branches long and remove the flower buds.
[0051] Step Six: Collection of Superior Individual Cuttings
[0052] Around May 1st (in Luoyang, Henan), cut off the two short branches and leave one more branch above them. Remove the entire crown above the cut to collect cuttings. Let the remaining plant continue to grow and thin out the fruit, leaving 5-6 fruits. Observe the quality of the fruit after it matures.
[0053] Step 7: Cutting the cuttings
[0054] a1. Cut off the 2-year-old branches with new shoots that are more than 10cm long from the crown and cut them into 8-10cm sections. Make sure each section has at least 2 new shoots. Keep the first 2 new shoots and keep 2 leaves on each new shoot. Cut off the rest of the new shoots. Each section is 1 cutting.
[0055] a2. Cut off the 2-year-old branches with new shoots that are 5-10cm long from the crown, keeping the first 1-2 new shoots. Keep 2 leaves on each new shoot and cut it short. Each section is 1 cutting.
[0056] a3. Cut the new shoots with a thickness of more than 2mm from the above operation into 8-10cm sections, retain the top 2 leaves of the section, and remove the rest of the leaves. Each section is a cutting.
[0057] Step 8: Insert all the cuttings obtained above into the soil.
[0058] Cutting propagation includes cutting treatment, bed preparation, cutting, moisture retention cultivation, transplanting, and fertilizer and water management;
[0059] The scion treatment includes the following steps:
[0060] S1, Scion disinfection
[0061] Soak all cuttings in a 500-fold dilution of imidacloprid solution for 30 seconds, then remove and air dry in a shady place.
[0062] S2, Rooting treatment
[0063] Dip the lower biological ends of 2-year-old branch cuttings and 3 cm of the lower biological ends of new shoot cuttings into a 1000-fold dilution of ABT1 rooting powder solution for 15 seconds and 10 seconds, respectively.
[0064] The specific steps for preparing the planting bed are as follows: Prepare planting bags with a diameter of 10cm. First, fill them with a 5-6cm deep layer of compound substrate, which includes field soil, peat moss, and bio-organic fertilizer in a ratio of 4:2:0.5. Then, fill the bags with a 3cm deep layer of pure coarse river sand (the river sand is first sieved through a 10-mesh sieve, and the sieved sand particles are then sieved through a 20-mesh sieve, with the sand retained in the sieve basket for later use), so that the total height of the two layers of substrate reaches 8-9cm. After that, place the bags in a plastic greenhouse equipped with an automatic sprinkler system and add 50mL of 500x dilution of imidacloprid solution to each bag.
[0065] The specific steps for cutting propagation are as follows: Pinch the base of the cutting about 3cm with your thumb and forefinger and insert it into the coarse river sand substrate. Just touch the sand surface with your fingertips to ensure an insertion depth of about 3cm. Note that the cutting should not be inserted into the compound substrate. This will ensure that the base of the cutting does not become diseased or rotten, and the new roots that emerge can immediately grow into the compound substrate to absorb nutrients.
[0066] The specific steps for moisturizing cultivation are as follows: For the first 3 weeks after cuttings, spray regularly: once every 2 hours for 10 minutes from 8:00 AM to 8:00 PM daily; once every 3 hours for 10 minutes from 8:00 PM to 8:00 AM the next day; on sunny days, cover with a 6-needle shade net from 10:00 AM to 4:00 PM, and remove the shade net at other times. From weeks 4 to 5, change the spraying schedule to once every 3 hours for 10 minutes from 8:00 AM to 8:00 PM daily; once every 4 hours for 10 minutes from 8:00 PM to 8:00 AM the next day; on sunny days, cover with a 6-needle shade net from 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM, and remove the shade net at other times. Rooting begins in about 3 weeks, and after 5 weeks, the survival rate of 2-year-old cuttings reaches 78%, and the survival rate of new shoot cuttings reaches 94%.
[0067] The specific steps for transplanting are as follows: Five weeks after cutting, transplant the seedlings with their bags into the field, with a plant spacing of 0.3m × 1m. Water thoroughly and keep the soil moist. On sunny days, cover the seedlings with a 6-needle shade net from 10:00 to 17:00 and remove the shade net at other times. After two weeks, manage the seedlings as usual.
[0068] The specific steps for fertilizer and water management are as follows: spray with 0.5% urea once 2 weeks after transplanting, and then spray once every 3 weeks until the end of August. In the same year, plants with a height of no less than 30cm and good flower bud differentiation can be formed, and they can flower and bear fruit the following year.
[0069] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from its spirit and scope. All such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed, which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A method for rapid propagation of superior single plants of Prunus cerasifera from seed, characterized by: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Pruning of 1-year-old seedlings During the dormancy period of Prunus cerasifera, prune the Prunus cerasifera seedlings that have flowered in the past year, retaining one strong flowering branch per plant, and prune the retained branch short, leaving 5 to 6 flower buds; Step 2: Select superior seedlings During the fruit ripening period, select superior individual plants based on fruit characteristics and breeding objectives, and label the individual plants accordingly. Step 3: Fertilizer and water management; Step 4: Do not prune superior 2-year-old seedlings during their dormancy period; Step 5: Management of budding superior single seedlings in 2 years After the flower buds swell, select 1-2 branches with flower buds at the very bottom of the plant and prune them short, leaving 5-6 flower bud nodes at the base of the branches; leave the remaining branches long and remove the flower buds. Step Six: Collection of Superior Individual Cuttings Around May 1st, cut off one branch above the two remaining short branches and remove the entire crown above it for collecting cuttings; allow the remaining plant to continue growing and thin out the fruit, leaving 5-6 fruits, and observe the fruit quality after they mature. Step 7: Cutting the cuttings a1. Cut off the 2-year-old branches with new shoots that are more than 10cm long from the crown and cut them into 8-10cm sections. Make sure each section has at least 2 new shoots. Keep the first 2 new shoots and keep 2 leaves on each new shoot. Cut off the rest of the new shoots. Each section is 1 cutting. a2. Cut off the 2-year-old branches with new shoots that are 5-10cm long from the crown, keeping the first 1-2 new shoots. Keep 2 leaves on each new shoot and cut it short. Each section is 1 cutting. a3. Cut the new shoots with a thickness of more than 2mm from the above operation into 8-10cm sections, retain the top 2 leaves of the section, and remove the rest of the leaves. Each section is 1 cutting. Step 8: Insert all the cuttings obtained above into the soil. Step 8 includes cutting treatment, bed preparation, cutting, moisture retention cultivation, transplanting, and fertilizer and water management. The specific operation of bed preparation is as follows: Prepare planting bags with a diameter of 9-11cm, first fill them with 5-6cm of compound substrate, and then fill them with 3cm of pure coarse river sand, so that the total height of the two layers of substrate reaches 8-9cm. Then place them in a plastic greenhouse with an automatic sprinkler system, and add 50mL of 500x dilution of imidacloprid solution to each bag. The compound substrate includes field soil, peat moss, and bio-organic fertilizer in a ratio of 4:2:0.
5. The pure coarse river sand is obtained by first passing river sand through a 10-mesh sieve, and then passing the sieved sand particles through a 20-mesh sieve.
2. The method for rapid propagation of superior single plants of Prunus cerasifera from seed, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: The specific fertilizer and water management in step three is as follows: spray 0.5% urea three times after fruit harvesting, once every three weeks; apply commercial bio-organic fertilizer before leaf fall, at a rate of 15 tons / hectare.
3. The method for rapid propagation of superior single plants of Prunus cerasifera from seed, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: The scion treatment includes the following steps: S1, Scion disinfection Soak all cuttings in a 500-fold dilution of imidacloprid solution for 30 seconds, then remove and air dry in a shady place. S2, Rooting Treatment Dip the lower biological ends of 2-year-old branch cuttings and 3 cm of the lower biological ends of new shoot cuttings into a 1000-fold dilution of ABT1 rooting powder solution for 15 seconds and 10 seconds, respectively.
4. The method for rapid propagation of superior single plants of Prunus cerasifera from seed, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: The specific steps for cutting propagation are as follows: Hold the cutting about 3cm from the base and insert it into the coarse river sand substrate. Note that the cutting should not be inserted into the compound substrate.
5. The method for rapid propagation of superior single plants of Prunus cerasifera from seed, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: The specific steps for moisturizing cultivation are as follows: For the first 3 weeks after cuttings, spray regularly, once every 2 hours from 8:00 to 20:00 for 10 minutes each time; once every 3 hours from 20:00 to 8:00 the next day for 10 minutes each time; on sunny days, cover with a 6-needle shade net from 10:00 to 16:00, and remove the shade net at other times; for the 4th to 5th weeks, change the spraying time to once every 3 hours from 8:00 to 20:00 for 10 minutes each time; once every 4 hours from 20:00 to 8:00 the next day for 10 minutes each time; on sunny days, cover with a 6-needle shade net from 10:00 to 17:00, and remove the shade net at other times.
6. The method for rapid propagation of superior single plants of Prunus cerasifera from seed, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: The specific steps for transplanting are as follows: Five weeks after cutting, transplant the seedlings with their bags into the field, with a plant spacing of 0.3m × 1m. Water thoroughly and keep the soil moist. On sunny days, cover the seedlings with a 6-needle shade net from 10:00 to 17:00 and remove the shade net at other times. After two weeks, manage the seedlings as usual.
7. The method for rapid propagation of superior single plants of Prunus cerasifera from seed, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that: The specific steps for fertilizer and water management are as follows: spray with 0.5% urea once 2 weeks after transplanting, and then spray once every 3 weeks until the end of August. In the same year, plants with a height of no less than 30cm and good flower bud differentiation can be formed, and they can flower and bear fruit the following year.