A plant-derived attractant for aleurocanthus spiniferus and use thereof
By combining plant-derived attractants of farnesene and linalool with yellow sticky traps on tea trees, the shortcomings of chemical control in the prevention and control of black spiny whiteflies were addressed, achieving a highly efficient and green trapping effect and protecting the ecological environment of tea gardens.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHANDONG AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-03
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies are insufficient for the efficient and environmentally friendly control of black spiny whiteflies. Chemical control can kill natural enemy insects and affect the safe production of tea. Therefore, it is necessary to find plant-derived attractants to improve the accuracy of trapping and protect the ecological environment.
Farnese and linalool were used as adult insect attractants in a ratio of 3:1 to prepare an attractant composition, which was then adsorbed onto an inert carrier. This composition was used in conjunction with a yellow sticky insect board to form a combined physical and chemical trapping device, which was placed on the tea shoots to attract adult insects.
It significantly improves the trapping efficiency of adult black spiny whiteflies, reduces the use of chemical agents, protects the tea garden ecosystem, is low in cost and easy to use, and is suitable for actual production.
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Figure CN117814255B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of biological control technology for economic crops, specifically relating to a plant-derived attractant for the black spiny whitefly and its application. Background Technology
[0002] The information disclosed in this background section is intended to enhance understanding of the overall background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or in any way implying that such information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art.
[0003] The black spiny whitefly, belonging to the order Hemiptera, family Amycidae, and genus Amycium, is a major global pest of tea plants. From the 1960s to the 1990s, it intermittently broke out in tea-producing areas of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, South China, and Hainan. Subsequently, it became a serious pest in most tea gardens in central and southern Zhejiang, southern Anhui, southern Jiangsu, northern Fujian, northern Guangdong, and northern China, becoming a persistent and significant pest. Adults prefer to gather on the tender leaves of the upper part of the tea plant to lay eggs. After hatching, except for the first instar nymphs which are mobile, the remaining nymphal stages are sessile and feed by piercing and sucking, directly affecting the yield and quality of tea leaves. Its excrement can also induce sooty mold in tea leaves, reducing photosynthesis and impacting the growth of the tea plant. Due to the significant overlap of generations and the thick body wall of the nymphs, pest control is quite challenging.
[0004] Chemical control is the most common method for controlling black whiteflies both domestically and internationally, primarily using pyrethroids and neonicotinoids. However, the use of insecticides can kill beneficial insects, disrupt the ecosystem of tea gardens, and negatively impact the safe production of tea. Therefore, finding new, highly efficient, and environmentally friendly technologies for black whitefly control is urgently needed. Plant-derived attractants are insect-attracting chemical components screened from plant volatiles. Compared to chemical pesticides, they are safer, more efficient, and environmentally friendly. Developing plant-derived attractants targeting specific insects can improve the trapping efficiency of target insects, making pest control more precise, avoiding the broad-spectrum killing effects of chemical pesticides on both beneficial and non-target insects, protecting biodiversity, and effectively addressing food safety and insect resistance issues caused by excessive use of chemical pesticides.
[0005] Insects use their sense of smell to find host plants that are conducive to their growth and reproduction. Plants influence insects' search and location by releasing volatiles. Surveys have found significant differences in the incidence of black spiny whiteflies among different resistant tea varieties. This difference stems from the selective preferences of adult black spiny whiteflies for the volatiles released by different varieties. If compounds with a strong attraction to adult black spiny whiteflies can be screened from the volatiles of different insect-resistant tea varieties and made into black spiny whitefly attractants, timely control can be achieved in the early stages of infestation, thereby suppressing the annual insect population. Yellow sticky traps are a common physical control technique for pests and are often used for large-scale control of black spiny whiteflies. Combining black spiny whitefly adult attractants with yellow sticky traps will greatly improve the accuracy of yellow trap trapping of black spiny whiteflies. The synergistic effect of the two will provide a new physicochemical control technology for precise monitoring and control of black spiny whiteflies. Summary of the Invention
[0006] To address the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention aims to provide a plant-derived attractant for adult black spiny whiteflies, comprising the following components: farnesene, linalool, and leaf alcohol. This attractant can efficiently attract adult whiteflies, which is beneficial to protecting the ecology of tea garden populations. It is green, safe, and efficient, easy and quick to use, and low in cost, making it suitable for practical production.
[0007] Another objective of this invention is to provide the application of the above-mentioned plant-derived attractant in trapping black spiny whiteflies. Placing the attractant on tea shoots during the peak emergence period of overwintering and final generation black spiny whiteflies can reduce the annual insect population from the root cause and reduce or avoid the use of chemical agents.
[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.
[0009] A composition for attracting adult black spiny whiteflies, comprising the following active ingredients:
[0010] (a) Linalool; and
[0011] (b) One of farnesene or leaf alcohol;
[0012] The mass ratio of component (a) to component (b) is 3:1.
[0013] The above-described attractant composition can be adsorbed onto an inert carrier to prepare an attractant for attracting adult black whiteflies. The above-described attractant composition or the attractant prepared therefrom can be used for the monitoring or control of black whiteflies. The inert carrier can be paper, rubber, plastic, activated carbon, or porous mineral adsorbents such as montmorillonite, silica, attapulgite, diatomaceous earth, etc. The above-described attractant may also include insecticides.
[0014] This invention also provides a method for attracting black whiteflies using the above-mentioned attractant composition or attractant: the attractant composition or attractant is placed on tea shoots during the peak emergence period of overwintering and final generation black whitefly adults. To enhance the attraction effect, it can be used in combination with other attraction methods, such as combining the above-mentioned attractant composition or attractant with yellow sticky traps. In some embodiments, the above-mentioned attractant composition or attractant is attached to a yellow sticky trap to form a combined physical and chemical trapping device. The device is placed 5-10 cm away from the tea shoots, with an effective ingredient dosage of 1-2 mg per square meter. It can be replaced periodically according to the number of black whitefly adults, and the device should be removed or replaced after about 15-30 days.
[0015] The present invention has the following advantages:
[0016] This invention has screened and obtained a composition with good attraction effect on adult black spiny whiteflies. When combined with a yellow insect-attracting board to form a combined physical and chemical trapping device, it traps both the first and last generations of adult black spiny whiteflies, effectively reducing the annual insect population at its source and minimizing or eliminating the need for chemical pesticides. The plant-derived attractant of this invention is a naturally occurring volatile chemical component from plants, which will not damage the tea garden's ecosystem and is a green, safe, and highly efficient novel attractant. The plant-derived attractant formulation of this invention is simple, and the lure and combined physical and chemical trapping device are convenient, quick, and low-cost, making them suitable for practical production. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 The antennal potential (EAG) responses of adult black spiny whiteflies to leaf alcohol, linalool, and farnesene were compared. In the table, the same letter indicates no significant difference (p>0.05), while different letters indicate significant differences (p<0.05, Tukey method).
[0018] Figure 2 This is a combined physical and chemical trapping device consisting of an attractant core for adult black spiny whiteflies and a yellow insect-attracting board. Detailed Implementation
[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
[0020] Example 1: Screening of the proportion and concentration of inducing compounds
[0021] 1. Screening for the concentration of inducing compounds
[0022] Leaf alcohol, linalool, and farnesene were selected as attractant components for the black-spined whitefly. The optimal concentration of the attractant for adult black-spined whiteflies was screened using antennal potential (EAG) technology. The specific method is as follows: the antennae of the black-spined whitefly were connected to both ends of an Ag-AgCl electrode. Using n-hexane as a solvent, leaf alcohol, linalool, and farnesene at concentrations of 1, 10, 100, 250, and 500 µg / µL were used as odor sources, and the EAG response value of the antennae after each odor stimulation was recorded.
[0023] Depend on Figure 1 The results showed that plant-derived attractants leaf alcohol, linalool and farnesene could all induce antennal electrophysiological responses in adult black spiny whiteflies, and the antennal electrophysiological response was strongest at a concentration of 100 μg / μL. Therefore, the attractant concentration was set at 100 μg / μL in the field trial.
[0024] 2. Screening of the proportion of inducing compounds
[0025] Leaf alcohol, linalool, and farnesene were combined in pairs as attractants: farnesene + linalool, leaf alcohol + linalool, and farnesene + leaf alcohol, with three attractant ratios of 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1. The optimal ratio of attractants for adult black-spined whiteflies was screened using antennal potential (EAG) technology. The specific method was as follows: the antennae of the black-spined whitefly were connected to both ends of an Ag-AgCl electrode. The attractant was diluted to 100 μg / μL using n-hexane as a solvent. The three ratios of the three attractants were used as odor sources, and the EAG response values of the antennae after each odor stimulation were recorded.
[0026] Table 1. Effects of attractant ratio on the electrophysiological responses of adult black-spined whiteflies.
[0027]
[0028] Note: Data in the same row with the same letter after it indicates no significant difference (p>0.05), while data with different letters after it indicates significant difference (p<0.05, Tukey method).
[0029] As shown in Table 1, all three combinations (farnesene + linalool, leaf alcohol + linalool, and farnesene + leaf alcohol) at a concentration of 100 μg / μL induced electrophysiological responses in the antennae of adult black spiny whiteflies at three different ratios (1:3, 1:1, and 3:1). The electrophysiological responses were strongest when the ratios of farnesene + linalool were 1:3, leaf alcohol + linalool were 1:3, and farnesene + leaf alcohol were 1:1.
[0030] Example 2 Field trial of plant-derived attractants for adult black spiny whiteflies
[0031] The experiment was conducted on October 9, 2022, in an ecological tea garden in Beiya Village, Huamawan Township, Cuwen Scenic Area, Tai'an City, Shandong Province. The tea garden does not use chemical pesticides year-round and grows Fuding white tea.
[0032] Table 2 Plant-derived attractants for the black spiny whitefly
[0033]
[0034] According to the components and mass ratios in Table 2, using n-hexane as a solvent, the attractant composition was diluted to 100 μg / μL. 0.5 g of the attractant was added to each empty rubber lure core to prepare a plant-derived attractant for the black spiny whitefly. Three tea greenhouses with similar tea tree growth were selected as three replicate experimental plots, each approximately 5 mu in size, with intervals of more than 15 m between plots. The following devices were randomly placed in each plot for treatment:
[0035] (1) Combined physical and chemical trapping: consisting of an attractant lure and a yellow sticky insect board ( Figure 2 );
[0036] (2) Single attractant: consists of an attractant lure and a white sticky insect board;
[0037] (3) Control: Yellow board without attractant core.
[0038] Place the above device 5-10 cm away from the tea leaves, every 25 m 2 Place one sticky trap. The number of insects trapped on the trap was investigated every 7-10 days and a new trap was placed. A total of 4 investigations were conducted (the number of insects trapped and the time of replacement of the trap were October 16, 2022 (7 days), October 23, 2022 (14 days), and November 1, 2022 (23 days); the experiment ended on November 8, 2022 (30 days)).
[0039] Data from the field insect-attracting experiment were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (p<0.05). Tukey's multiple test (p<0.05) was used to compare differences between paired means, and the fold increase and synergistic ratio were calculated using the following formulas:
[0040] Growth factor = (Number of animals trapped by combined physical and chemical methods - Number of animals trapped by individual attractants) / Number of animals trapped by individual attractants;
[0041] Synergistic effect ratio = (number of animals trapped by combined physical and chemical methods - number of control animals) / number of control animals × 100%.
[0042] Table 3. Synergistic effect test results of plant-derived attractants for black spiny whiteflies and yellow sticky traps.
[0043]
[0044] Note: Data in the same row with the same letter after it indicates no significant difference (p>0.05), while data with different letters after it indicates significant difference (p<0.05, Tukey method).
[0045] As shown in Table 3, the trapping effect of plant-derived attractants for adult black spiny whiteflies was greatly improved when used in combination with yellow sticky traps. Compared with the use of attractants alone, the trapping effect of leaf alcohol and linalool (1:3) combined with yellow sticky traps increased by 70.8 times, and the trapping effect of farnesene and linalool (1:3) increased by 70.0 times.
[0046] Table 4. Results of the synergistic effect of plant-derived attractants for black spiny whiteflies on yellow sticky traps.
[0047]
[0048] As shown in Table 4, plant-derived attractants for adult black spiny whiteflies can improve the trapping effect of yellow sticky traps. The combination of leaf alcohol and linalool (1:3) can increase the trapping amount of yellow sticky traps by 183.1%, and the trapping amount of yellow sticky traps with lures containing farnese and linalool (1:3) can increase the trapping amount by 158.1%.
[0049] Table 5. Trapping capacity of each combined physical and chemical trapping device
[0050]
[0051] Note: Data in the same column with the same letter after them indicate no significant difference (p>0.05), while data with different letters after them indicate significant difference (p<0.05, Tukey method).
[0052] Table 5 shows that the combined physical and chemical trapping device was highly effective from day 7 to day 23, with the average number of adult black whiteflies trapped being higher than the control. However, the effectiveness of the trapping device decreased from day 23 to day 30. On days 7 and 14 after the lure was set, the trapping devices using farnese + linalool (1:3) and leaf alcohol + linalool (1:3) were significantly more effective than the control device (p<0.05). The average number of adult black whiteflies trapped on day 7 was 8334.0 and 9144.0, respectively, and the average number on day 14 was still as high as 5556.0 and 6096.0, significantly higher than the control device (day 7: 3229.4; day 14: 2152.9).
[0053] Example 3: Preparation of yellow sticky traps for attracting black thorn whiteflies
[0054] Farnese and linalool were mixed with hexane at a mass ratio of 1:3 to prepare a mother liquor. The mother liquor was then diluted with ethanol and sprayed onto a starch-based biodegradable plastic yellow board the size of an A4 sheet of paper, so that the effective dose reached 0.3g / sheet. After the solvent evaporated, adhesive was sprayed on, release paper was attached, and the board was sealed in a packaging bag to obtain the yellow board for attracting black spiny whiteflies.
[0055] Example 4 Preparation of black thorn whitefly lure core
[0056] A solution of leaf alcohol and linalool was prepared with hexanol at a mass ratio of 1:3. The solution was then added to the rubber head of the lure to load an effective dose of 0.5g / head. After the solvent evaporated, the black spiny whitefly lure was obtained.
[0057] Example 5 Preparation of attractant for black whitefly
[0058] Leaf alcohol and linalool are prepared into a solution with hexanol as solvent at a mass ratio of 1:3. The solution is then sprayed onto EVA plastic particles and dried to obtain an attractant, which can be used with a trap for insect monitoring.
[0059] Example 6 Preparation of Black Whitefly Attractant
[0060] Farnese and linalool are mixed with hexanol in a mass ratio of 1:3 to form a solution. The solution is then sprayed onto EVA plastic particles and allowed to dry to obtain an attractant. This attractant can be used in conjunction with a trap for insect monitoring.
[0061] Example 7 Preparation of attractant for black whitefly
[0062] A farnesene and linalool are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:3, and then added to 10% bifenthrin emulsifiable concentrate at a mass ratio of 0.5% to obtain an attractant, which can be used in conjunction with a trap for the control of black spiny whiteflies.
Claims
1. A composition for attracting adult black spiny whiteflies, characterized in that, It is composed of the following active ingredients: (a) Linalool; and (b) One of farnesene or leaf alcohol; The mass ratio of component (a) to component (b) is 3:
1.
2. An attractant prepared from the adult black spiny whitefly attractant composition of claim 1.
3. The attractant according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes inert carriers.
4. The attractant according to claim 3, characterized in that, The inert carrier is selected from at least one of paper, rubber, plastic, activated carbon, and porous mineral adsorbents.
5. The attractant according to claim 4, characterized in that, The porous mineral adsorbent is selected from at least one of montmorillonite, silica, attapulgite, and diatomite.
6. The attractant according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes pesticides.
7. The use of the adult black spiny whitefly attractant composition as described in claim 1 or the attractant as described in any one of claims 2-6 in the monitoring or control of black spiny whiteflies.
8. A method for attracting adult black-spined whiteflies using the composition for attracting black-spined whiteflies as described in claim 1 or the attractant as described in any one of claims 2-6, characterized in that, The steps include: placing the attractant composition or attractant on the tea shoots during the peak emergence period of overwintering and final generation adult black spiny whiteflies.
9. A method for attracting adult black-spined whiteflies using the composition for attracting black-spined whiteflies as described in claim 1 or the attractant as described in any one of claims 2-6, characterized in that, The steps include: attaching the attractant composition or attractant to a yellow sticky insect board and placing it on the tea shoots during the peak emergence period of overwintering and final generation black spiny whiteflies.
10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, Place yellow sticky insect traps 5-10 cm away from the tea bushes, with an effective ingredient dosage of 1-2 mg per square meter.