Laminated glass and vehicle

Abstract

This invention provides a laminated glass and a vehicle. The laminated glass includes a first glass, a second glass, and an adhesive layer stacked sequentially, with the first and second glass connected by the adhesive layer. The adhesive layer includes an infrared blocking film and an infrared transmitting film. The infrared blocking film has a first opening, and the infrared transmitting film is disposed within the first opening. The laminated glass includes a heat-insulating portion and a wave-transmitting portion. The heat-insulating portion corresponds to the area where the infrared blocking film is located, and the wave-transmitting portion corresponds to the area where the infrared transmitting film is located. The transmittance of the heat-insulating portion in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band is less than or equal to 45%, the transmittance of the heat-insulating portion in the visible light band is greater than or equal to 70%, and the transmittance of the wave-transmitting portion in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band is greater than or equal to 70%. This application provides a heat-insulating portion and a wave-transmitting portion in the laminated glass, enabling the laminated glass to have an energy blocking rate for infrared waves while meeting the transmittance requirements of lidar for infrared waves.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of glass technology, specifically relating to laminated glass and vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] As glass becomes increasingly widely used, user demands for it are also growing. For vehicles that integrate LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) systems, the LiDAR signal needs to pass through the car windows for transmission. To ensure the LiDAR functions properly and meets high-precision measurement requirements, the car windows need to have high transmittance for LiDAR signals in the 905nm or 1550nm wavelength range. Currently used car windows, designed to meet heat insulation requirements, have a high blocking rate for infrared light in the 780nm to 2500nm range, which does not meet the requirements for LiDAR applications. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In a first aspect, this application provides a laminated glass, characterized in that the laminated glass comprises a first glass, a second glass, and an adhesive layer stacked sequentially, the first glass and the second glass being connected by the adhesive layer; the adhesive layer comprises an infrared blocking film and an infrared transmitting film, the infrared blocking film having a first opening, and at least a portion of the first opening containing the infrared transmitting film; the laminated glass comprises a heat-insulating portion and a wave-transmitting portion, the heat-insulating portion corresponding to the region where the infrared blocking film is located, the wave-transmitting portion corresponding to the region where the infrared transmitting film is located, the heat-insulating portion having a light transmittance range of less than or equal to 45% in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band, the heat-insulating portion having a visible light transmittance range of greater than or equal to 70%, and the wave-transmitting portion having a light transmittance range of greater than or equal to 70% in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band.

[0004] The heat insulation part has a light transmittance of less than or equal to 35% in the 850nm to 950nm wavelength band, and a light transmittance of less than or equal to 10% in the 1500nm to 1600nm wavelength band.

[0005] The light transmittance of the wave-transmitting part in the 850nm to 950nm band is greater than or equal to 75%, and the light transmittance of the wave-transmitting part in the 1500nm to 1600nm band is greater than or equal to 75%.

[0006] The first glass has a light transmittance of 75% or more in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band, and the second glass has a light transmittance of 75% or more in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band.

[0007] The infrared blocking film 33 includes an infrared absorption film, which absorbs light in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength range.

[0008] The thickness of the infrared absorption film ranges from 0.3 to 2.3 mm.

[0009] The infrared blocking film includes an infrared reflective film, which reflects light in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength range.

[0010] The thickness of the infrared reflective film ranges from 0.02 to 0.08 mm.

[0011] The adhesive layer further includes a first adhesive layer and / or a second adhesive layer, wherein the first adhesive layer is disposed between the first glass and the infrared reflective film, and the second adhesive layer is disposed between the second glass and the infrared reflective film.

[0012] Wherein, the first adhesive layer has a second opening, and the infrared-transmitting film further fills the second opening; or...

[0013] The second adhesive layer has a third opening, and the infrared-transmitting film further fills the third opening; or, the first adhesive layer has a second opening, the second adhesive layer has a third opening, and the infrared-transmitting film 34 further fills the second opening and the third opening.

[0014] The thickness of the first adhesive layer ranges from 0.3 to 2.3 mm, and the thickness of the second adhesive layer ranges from 0.3 to 2.3 mm.

[0015] Wherein, the transmittance of the first adhesive layer in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band is greater than or equal to 70%, and the transmittance of the second adhesive layer in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band is greater than or equal to 70%.

[0016] The infrared-transmitting membrane includes at least one of polyvinyl butyral, ethylene vinyl acetate, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyurethane, and ionomer membrane.

[0017] Secondly, this application also provides a vehicle comprising: a vehicle body, the laminated glass described in the first aspect, the laminated glass being installed on the vehicle body; and a lidar, the lidar being installed in the vehicle body, the lidar transmitting and receiving electromagnetic wave signals through the wave-transmitting portion of the laminated glass, the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves being in the range of 780nm to 2500nm.

[0018] This application provides the heat insulation portion and the wave-transmitting portion in a functional layer between the first glass and the second glass, so that the laminated glass has a high energy blocking rate for light in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band, and meets the transmittance requirements of the lidar for light in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the laminated glass provided in this application.

[0021] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A cross-sectional layered structure diagram along line AA of one embodiment.

[0022] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of one embodiment in the X-indicator region.

[0023] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of another embodiment in the X-indicator region.

[0024] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 A cross-sectional layered structure diagram along line AA of one embodiment.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a graph showing the relationship between wavelength and transmittance for vinyl butyral (PVB) film and solar control film.

[0026] Figure 7 yes Figure 1 A cross-sectional layered structure diagram along line AA of another embodiment.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a graph showing the relationship between wavelength and transmittance for vinyl butyral (PVB) films, PET films, and solar control films.

[0028] Figure 9 yes Figure 1 A cross-sectional layered structure diagram along line AA of another embodiment.

[0029] Figure 10This is a schematic cross-sectional view of an infrared reflective film according to one embodiment.

[0030] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of an infrared reflective film according to another embodiment.

[0031] Figure 12 yes Figure 1 A cross-sectional layered structure diagram along line AA of another embodiment.

[0032] Figure 13 yes Figure 12 A partial enlarged view of one embodiment in the Y-indicator region.

[0033] Figure 14 This is a graph showing the relationship between the incident angle and transmittance of vinyl butyral (PVB) and EVA membranes.

[0034] Figure 15 yes Figure 12 A partial enlarged view of another embodiment in the Y-indicator region.

[0035] Figure 16 yes Figure 12 A partial enlarged view of another embodiment in the Y-indicator region.

[0036] Figure 17 yes Figure 12 A partial enlarged view of another embodiment in the Y-indicator region.

[0037] Figure 18 This is a structural schematic diagram of a vehicle provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0039] The terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or apparatuses.

[0040] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0041] It should be noted that, for ease of explanation, the same reference numerals denote the same components in the embodiments of this application, and for the sake of brevity, detailed descriptions of the same components are omitted in different embodiments.

[0042] Please see Figures 1 to 3 This application provides a laminated glass 1, which includes a first glass 10, a second glass 20, and an adhesive layer 30 stacked sequentially. The first glass 10 and the second glass 20 are connected by the adhesive layer 30. The adhesive layer 30 includes an infrared blocking film 33 and an infrared transmitting film 34. The infrared blocking film 33 has a first opening 331, and the infrared transmitting film 34 is at least partially disposed within the first opening 331. The laminated glass 1 includes a heat-insulating part 31 and a wave-transmitting part 32. The heat-insulating part 31 corresponds to the area where the infrared blocking film 33 is located, and the wave-transmitting part 32 corresponds to the area where the infrared transmitting film 34 is located. The transmittance of the heat-insulating part 31 in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band is less than or equal to 45%, and the transmittance of the heat-insulating part 31 in the visible light band is greater than or equal to 70%. The transmittance of the wave-transmitting part 32 in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band is greater than or equal to 70%.

[0043] The laminated glass 1 provided in this application can be applied to glass or windows in vehicles, buildings, etc., and has better infrared reflectivity, thereby giving the laminated glass 1 with adhesive layer 30 better heat insulation performance. For example, the laminated glass 1 can be installed on a vehicle. In one embodiment, the laminated glass 1 is installed as a vehicle windshield. In another embodiment, the laminated glass 1 is installed on a vehicle as a rear windshield, sunroof, or side window. In this application, the installation of the laminated glass 1 as a vehicle windshield is used as an example.

[0044] Specifically, the first glass 10 has a first surface 10a facing the outside of the vehicle 80 and a second surface 10b facing the inside of the vehicle 80, and the second glass 20 has a third surface 20a facing the outside of the vehicle 80 and a fourth surface 20b facing the inside of the vehicle 80; the first glass 10 and the second glass 20 are subjected to high-temperature bending forming at at least 500°C. The thickness of the first glass 10 and the second glass 20 is typically set in the range of 1.6 to 5.0 mm, such as 1.6 mm, 1.8 mm, 2.1 mm, 2.3 mm, 3.2 mm, 3.5 mm, 4.0 mm, 4.5 mm, 5.0 mm, etc., with 1.8 mm, 2.1 mm, and 2.3 mm being preferred, and 1.8 mm and 2.1 mm being even more preferred. The first glass 10 and the second glass 20 can be ordinary clear glass with a light transmittance of 75% to 85% in the 800nm ​​to 2100nm wavelength band. More preferably, they are ordinary clear glass with a light transmittance of 85% to 95% in the 800nm ​​to 2100nm infrared wavelength band, high-alumina glass with a light transmittance of 86% to 96% in the 780nm to 2500nm infrared wavelength band, or high borosilicate glass with a light transmittance of 86.5% to 96.5% in the 780nm to 2500nm infrared wavelength band. Preferably, the first glass 10 has a light transmittance of greater than or equal to 75% in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band, and the second glass 20 has a light transmittance of greater than or equal to 75% in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band.

[0045] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 3 The adhesive layer 30 is used to bond the first glass 10 and the second glass 20 together, thereby giving the laminated glass 1 high structural stability. The area formed by the sequential stacking of the first glass 10, the infrared insulating film 33, and the second glass 20 is the heat insulation part 31, and the area formed by the sequential stacking of the first glass 10, the infrared transmitting film 34, and the second glass 20 is the wave-transmitting part 32. The heat insulation part 31 is used to insulate the vehicle 80 from external heat, and the wave-transmitting part 32 is used to allow light in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band to pass through.

[0046] Understandably, the heat insulation effect of the heat insulation part 31 depends on the material of the infrared blocking film 33, which can be an infrared absorbing film 311 or an infrared reflecting film 312.

[0047] The heat insulation portion 31 has a visible light transmittance of 70% or more; preferably, the heat insulation portion 31 has a visible light transmittance of 80% or more. This ensures that the laminated glass 1 has high transparency and improves the user's clarity.

[0048] Understandably, the light transmission effect of the wave-transmitting section 32 depends on the material of the infrared-transmitting film 34. The infrared-transmitting film 34 can be made of materials such as polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyacrylate (PA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyurethane (PUR), ionomer polymer film (SGP), polyethylene octene elastomer, cyclic olefin polymers, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers, or cellulose triacetate. This ensures that the light transmittance of the wave-transmitting section 32 in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band is greater than or equal to 70%, thus enabling the transmission of light signals in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band.

[0049] This application provides the heat insulation part 31 and the wave-transmitting part 32 in the adhesive layer 30 between the first glass 10 and the second glass 20, so that the laminated glass 1 has a high blocking rate for light in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band and meets the requirements for the transmittance of light in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band.

[0050] Please see Figure 4 In one embodiment, the infrared blocking film 33 has a first opening 331, and the infrared transmitting film 34 is disposed in the first opening 331. The first opening 331 penetrates the infrared blocking film 33. The first opening 331 includes, but is not limited to, rectangular, polygonal, elliptical, and other structures. Understandably, a portion of the infrared blocking film 33 material is removed from a specific area between the heat insulation portions 31 to form the first opening 331, and the infrared transmitting film 34 is not provided, so that the space between the first glass 10 and the second glass 20, i.e., between the second surface 10b and the third surface 20a, is a hollow structure to form the wave-transmitting portion 32. The light transmittance of the wave-transmitting portion 32 in the 780nm to 2500nm band is greater than or equal to 85%. Preferably, the light transmittance of the wave-transmitting portion 32 in the 780nm to 2500nm infrared band is between 86.5% and 96.5%, so that the vehicle 80 can receive and transmit infrared light signals through the wave-transmitting portion 32, ensuring that the lidar inside the vehicle can work normally and has high detection accuracy.

[0051] Please continue reading. Figure 3In another embodiment, the infrared blocking film 33 has a first opening 331, and the infrared transmitting film 34 is disposed within the first opening 331, with the first opening 331 penetrating the infrared blocking film 33. The first opening 331 includes, but is not limited to, rectangular, polygonal, elliptical, and other structures. Understandably, a portion of the infrared blocking film 33 material is removed from a specific area between the heat insulation portions 31, and then a layer of the infrared transmitting film 34 material is filled into that area to form the wave-transmitting portion 32. The wave-transmitting portion 32 has a light transmittance ≥75% in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band, allowing the vehicle 80 to transmit and receive infrared light through the wave-transmitting portion 32, ensuring that the lidar inside the vehicle can function normally and has high detection accuracy. The infrared-transmitting film 34 disposed in the first opening 331 can be filled by using an infrared-transmitting film 34 with the same shape as the first opening 331, or by squeezing during the glass lamination process to squeeze a portion of the infrared-transmitting film 34 that is stacked with the infrared blocking film 33 into the first opening 331 to form a fill.

[0052] In some specific embodiments, when the adhesive layer 30 is a single-layer structure, the infrared blocking film 33 is provided with the first opening 331, the infrared transmitting film 34 is disposed in the first opening 331, and the area of ​​the infrared transmitting film 34 is equal to or slightly larger than the area of ​​the first opening 331.

[0053] When the adhesive layer 30 has a double-layer structure, that is, the adhesive layer 30 includes an infrared blocking film 33 and an infrared transmitting film 34 stacked together. The infrared blocking film 33 is provided with the first opening 331. The area of ​​the infrared transmitting film 34 is equal to the area of ​​the infrared blocking film 33. After the laminated glass 1 is laminated, it undergoes initial pressing and high pressure processes. The portion of the infrared transmitting film 34 corresponding to the first opening 331 will overflow into the first opening 331, so that the infrared transmitting film 34 is at least partially provided in the first opening 331.

[0054] When the adhesive layer 30 has a three-layer structure, that is, the adhesive layer 30 includes one infrared blocking film 33 and two infrared transmitting films 34 stacked together in the order of infrared transmitting film 34 / infrared blocking film 33 / infrared transmitting film 34, the infrared blocking film 33 is provided with the first opening 331, and the area of ​​the infrared transmitting film 34 is equal to the area of ​​the infrared blocking film 33. After the laminated glass 1 is laminated, it undergoes initial pressing and high pressure processes. The portion of the infrared transmitting film 34 corresponding to the first opening 331 will overflow into the first opening 331, so that the first opening 331 is at least partially provided with the infrared transmitting film 34.

[0055] In one embodiment, the light transmittance of the heat insulation part in the 850nm to 950nm wavelength band is less than or equal to 35%, and the light transmittance of the heat insulation part in the 1500nm to 1600nm wavelength band is less than or equal to 10%. Preferably, the light transmittance of the heat insulation part in the 850nm to 950nm wavelength band can be 30%, 25%, 20%, or even 15%. The light transmittance of the heat insulation part in the 1500nm to 1600nm wavelength band can be 8%, 6%, 4%, or even 2%. The light transmittance of the wave-transmitting part in the 850nm to 950nm wavelength band is greater than or equal to 75%, and the light transmittance of the wave-transmitting part in the 1500nm to 1600nm wavelength band is greater than or equal to 75%. Preferably, the light transmittance of the wave-transmitting part in the 850nm to 950nm wavelength band can be 80%, 85%, 90%, or even 95%. The transmittance of the wave-transmitting part in the 1500nm to 1600nm wavelength range can be 80%, 85%, 90%, or even 95%.

[0056] Please see Figure 5 and Figure 8 The infrared insulating film 33 includes at least one of an infrared absorbing film 311 and an infrared reflecting film 312. The infrared absorbing film 311 absorbs light in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength range, and the infrared reflecting film 312 reflects light in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength range. When the heat insulation part 31 includes an infrared absorbing film 311 and an infrared reflecting film 312, the infrared absorbing film 311 and the infrared reflecting film 312 are stacked between the first glass 10 and the second glass 20, and the infrared reflecting film 312 is disposed closer to the first glass 10 than the infrared absorbing film 311.

[0057] Please see Figure 6 In one embodiment, the infrared blocking film 33 is provided with an infrared absorbing film 311. The infrared absorbing film 311 has an absorption rate of ≥75% for light in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band, and the thickness of the infrared absorbing film ranges from 0.3mm to 2.3mm. For example, 0.38mm, 0.51mm, 0.76mm, 0.81mm, etc., with 0.38mm and 0.76mm preferred, and 0.76mm even more preferred.

[0058] The infrared absorption film 311 can be a thermoplastic resin film containing heat-insulating particles, such as PVB containing CWO particles or PVB containing ITO particles. The heat-insulating particles can be metal oxide particles with high infrared shielding capabilities, such as indium tin oxide particles (ITO particles), aluminum-doped tin oxide particles, antimony-doped tin oxide particles (ATO particles), gallium-doped zinc oxide particles (GZO particles), indium-doped zinc oxide particles (IZO particles), aluminum-doped zinc oxide particles (AZO particles), niobium-doped titanium oxide particles, sodium-doped tungsten oxide particles, cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles (CWO particles), thallium-doped tungsten oxide particles, rubidium-doped tungsten oxide particles, tin-doped zinc oxide particles, and silicon-doped zinc oxide particles. To further improve the heat insulation performance of the infrared absorption film 311, ITO particles or CWO particles are preferred. Furthermore, the average particle size of the heat-insulating particles is preferably 10 nm or more, more preferably 20 nm or more, preferably less than 200 nm, more preferably less than 100 nm, and even more preferably less than 50 nm. When the average particle size is above the lower limit, the shielding performance of the heat-insulating wires is sufficiently improved. When the average particle size is below the upper limit, the dispersibility of the heat-insulating particles is improved. In the infrared absorption film, the weight percentage of heat-insulating particles is preferably 0.01% to 6%, more preferably 0.1% to 5.5%, further preferably 1% to 4%, and particularly preferably 1.5% to 3.5%. When the content of heat-insulating particles is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, the heat insulation performance and visible light transmittance are sufficiently improved.

[0059] like Figure 6As shown, line A represents the light transmittance in the 0nm to 2500nm wavelength range when a common PVB film is combined with the first and second glasses, wherein the first and second glasses are green glass; line B represents the light transmittance in the 0nm to 2500nm wavelength range when an infrared absorption film 311 is combined with the first and second glasses, wherein the first and second glasses are green glass; line C represents the light transmittance in the 0nm to 2500nm wavelength range when a common PVB film is combined with the first and second glasses, wherein the first and second glasses are ordinary clear glass. The visible light wavelength range is 390nm to 780nm, and the infrared light wavelength range is 780nm to 2500nm. Clearly, the transmittance in the 905nm to 2500nm wavelength range is significantly higher when using a combination of ordinary PVB film and ordinary glass than when using a combination of ordinary PVB film and green glass, or when using infrared absorption film 311 and green glass. Therefore, the heat insulation effect of using ordinary PVB film and ordinary glass is not ideal. Furthermore, starting at the 905nm wavelength range, the difference in transmittance between the combination of infrared absorption film 311 and the first and second glass and the combination of ordinary PVB film and the first and second glass gradually widens, especially at the 1550nm wavelength range where the transmittance of the combination of infrared absorption film 311 and the first and second glass approaches 0. Therefore, the infrared absorption film 311 has a higher heat insulation effect. When light in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength range enters the laminated glass 1, the infrared absorption film 311 absorbs the heat of the light in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength range and blocks it on the first glass 10, then dissipates the heat attached to the first glass 10 through the outside air. In this embodiment, the infrared absorption film 311 is provided in the heat insulation part 31 so that the heat insulation part 31 has heat insulation performance.

[0060] Please see Figure 7 and Figure 8 In one embodiment, the infrared blocking film 33 is provided with an infrared reflective film 312, the infrared reflective film 312 having a reflectivity of ≥75% for light in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band. The thickness of the infrared reflective film ranges from 0.02mm to 0.08mm, for example, 0.02mm, 0.04mm, 0.06mm, 0.08mm, etc., preferably 0.04mm, 0.06mm, more preferably 0.06mm.

[0061] The infrared reflective film 312 reflects light in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength range. The infrared reflective film 312 can be a thermoplastic resin film with a metal coating, or it can be a laminate of multiple thermoplastic resin layers. Specifically, the thermoplastic resin film with a metal coating can have at least one metal layer and at least two dielectric layers deposited on its surface, such as a single-silver-coated PET film, a double-silver-coated PET film, or a triple-silver-coated PET film. The metal layer can be a gold layer, a copper layer, a silver layer, or a silver alloy layer, etc. Gold, copper, silver, and silver alloy layers have good infrared reflective properties and can reduce the infrared transmittance of the laminated glass. The silver alloy layer is preferably made of a silver-copper alloy, a silver-indium alloy, or a silver-gold alloy, etc., and the silver content in the silver alloy layer is preferably greater than or equal to 95%, more preferably greater than or equal to 98%. The dielectric layer can be a nitride, oxide, or oxynitride selected from at least one element chosen from Zn, Sn, Ti, Si, Al, Ni, Cr, Nb, Mg, Zr, Ga, Y, In, Sb, V, and Ta. Examples include AZO, TiOx, ZnSnOx, and Si3N4. In some embodiments, when multiple thermoplastic resin laminates are used as the infrared reflective film 312, these laminates can be multilayer resin films obtained by alternating or randomly stacking two or more thermoplastic resin layers with different refractive indices in any number of layers. The number of layers can range from 20 to 1000 layers, specifically 20, 50, 80, 100, 120, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000 layers. Preferably, it has 100 to 500 layers.

[0062] like Figure 8As shown, line segment D represents the light transmittance in the 0nm to 2500nm wavelength range when the infrared absorption film 311 is combined with the first glass and the second glass, wherein the first glass and the second glass are green glass; line segment E represents the light transmittance in the 0nm to 2500nm wavelength range when the infrared reflection film 312 and the ordinary PVB film are combined with the first glass and the second glass, wherein the first glass and the second glass are ordinary clear glass; line segment F represents the light transmittance in the 0nm to 2500nm wavelength range when the PVB film is combined with the first glass and the second glass, wherein the first glass and the second glass are green glass. Clearly, the transmittance in the 905nm to 2500nm wavelength range when using the combination of the ordinary PVB film and green glass is much higher than that of the combination of the infrared absorption film 311 and green glass, and the combination of the infrared reflection film 312, the ordinary PVB film and the ordinary clear glass. Therefore, the heat insulation effect of using the combination of the ordinary PVB film and green glass is not ideal. Furthermore, in the 850nm to 905nm wavelength range, the heat insulation effect of the combination of infrared reflective film 312, ordinary PVB film, and the first and second glass is better than that of the combination of infrared absorption film 311 and the first and second glass. Therefore, infrared reflective film 312 is preferred as the infrared blocking film 33. In the 1500nm to 1600nm wavelength range, the heat insulation effect of the combination of infrared absorption film 311 and the first and second glass is better than that of the combination of PET film and PVB film. Therefore, infrared absorption film 311 is preferred as the infrared blocking film 33. In one embodiment, when light in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength range enters the laminated glass 1, the infrared reflective film 312 reflects the heat of the light in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength range, reducing the heat generated on the first glass 10, thereby reducing the excessively high temperature inside the vehicle. In this embodiment, the infrared reflective film 312 is provided in the heat insulation part 31 so that the heat insulation part 31 has heat insulation performance.

[0063] Please see Figure 9In one embodiment, the heat insulation part 31 is provided with both an infrared absorption film 311 and an infrared reflection film 312. The infrared reflection film 312 is disposed on the side closer to the first glass 10, and the infrared absorption film 311 is disposed on the side closer to the second glass 20. The infrared absorption film 311 and the infrared reflection film 312 are stacked. It can be understood that when light in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band enters the laminated glass 1, the infrared reflection film 312 first reflects the heat of the light in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band, then the infrared absorption film 311 absorbs the heat of the light in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band and blocks it on the first glass 10. The heat adhering to the first glass 10 is then dissipated through the outside air. In this embodiment, by sequentially providing the infrared reflection film 312 and the infrared absorption film 311 in the heat insulation part 31, the heat insulation efficiency of the heat insulation part 31 is improved, thereby reducing the temperature inside the vehicle 80. Of course, in other embodiments, the infrared absorption film 311 may also be disposed on the side close to the first glass 10, and the infrared reflection film 312 may be disposed on the side close to the second glass 20.

[0064] Specifically, the infrared absorbing film 311 can be a thermoplastic resin film containing heat-insulating particles, such as PVB containing CWO particles or PVB containing ITO particles. The infrared absorbing film 311 converts solar energy into heat energy through the indium tin oxide layer, that is, it absorbs heat in the light in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band and blocks it on the car glass, and then dissipates the heat energy into the air through the airflow outside the vehicle.

[0065] Furthermore, the infrared reflective film 312 can be a thermoplastic resin film with a metal coating, or it can be a multi-layer thermoplastic resin film. Specifically, the thermoplastic resin film with a metal coating can have at least one metal layer and at least two dielectric layers deposited on its surface, such as a single-silver-coated PET film, a double-silver-coated PET film, or a triple-silver-coated PET film. The metal layer can specifically be a gold layer, a copper layer, a silver layer, or a silver alloy layer, etc. Gold, copper, silver, and silver alloy layers have good infrared reflective properties and can reduce the infrared transmittance of the laminated glass. The silver alloy layer is preferably made of a silver-copper alloy, a silver-indium alloy, or a silver-gold alloy, etc., and the silver content in the silver alloy layer is preferably greater than or equal to 95%, more preferably greater than or equal to 98%. The dielectric layer can be made of a nitride, oxide, or oxynitride selected from at least one element selected from Zn, Sn, Ti, Si, Al, Ni, Cr, Nb, Mg, Zr, Ga, Y, In, Sb, V, and Ta. Examples include AZO, TiOx, ZnSnOx, and Si3N4.

[0066] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 10 The infrared reflective film 312 comprises a substrate layer 313 and a silver layer 314. The substrate layer 313 can be polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Due to the relatively smooth nature of PET, a unique double-layer magnetron sputtering process is used to sputter highly reflective precious metals and metal oxides onto both sides of the PET substrate. It is understood that the infrared reflective film 312 is formed by laying a layer of silver layer 314 on the substrate layer 313. In hot climates, the silver layer 314 can insulate heat from light in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band from the outside of the vehicle 80, keeping the vehicle 80 interior cool. In cold climates, the silver layer 314 can block heat from light in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band generated by people, household appliances, gas, etc., from entering the vehicle 80 interior, making the vehicle 80 interior warm in winter and cool in summer, greatly reducing the load on air conditioning and heating systems and saving electricity costs. Therefore, the infrared reflective film 312 reflects solar energy, reduces the total transmittance of solar energy, and plays a role in heat insulation.

[0067] Optionally, since the silver layer 314 is made of metal, the infrared reflective film 312 is conductive. Busbars and power inputs are added to both ends of the infrared reflective film 312. When voltage or current is applied, the silver layer 314 heats up, which can effectively remove fogging, frost, or snow accumulation on the first surface 10a and second surface 10b of the first glass 10 and the third surface 20a and fourth surface 20b of the second glass 20 caused by large internal and external temperature differences or cold environments. When the laminated glass 1 is applied to the windshield of an automobile, the windshield can still have a clear view even in environments with large internal and external temperature differences or cold environments, thus providing the driver with a clear field of vision.

[0068] Please see Figure 11In one embodiment, the infrared reflective film 312 includes multiple substrate layers 313 and multiple silver layers 314, which are alternately stacked. The substrate layer 313 is polyethylene terephthalate (PET). First, a silver layer 314 is deposited on one side of the substrate layer 313, and then another substrate layer 313 is deposited on the other side of the silver layer 314, and so on. Preferably, three substrate layers 313 and three silver layers 314 are provided. In addition, by stacking the substrate layer 313 and the silver layer 314 in three layers at once in this embodiment, the structure of the silver layer 314 can cover the substrate layer 313 as much as possible, preventing the silver layer 314 from being too thin, resulting in poor emission effect, or the silver layer 314 from being too thick, which is not conducive to the overall thin and light structure and wastes materials.

[0069] Please see Figures 12 to 13 The adhesive layer 30 further includes a first adhesive layer 41 and / or a second adhesive layer 42, wherein the first adhesive layer 41 is disposed between the first glass 10 and the infrared reflective film 312, and the second adhesive layer 42 is disposed between the second glass 20 and the infrared reflective film 312.

[0070] Please refer to the following: Figure 12 and Figure 13One side of the first adhesive layer 41 is bonded to the second surface 10b of the first glass 10, and the other side of the first adhesive layer 41 is bonded to the side of the infrared reflective film 312 near the first glass 10. The first adhesive layer 41 and the second adhesive layer 42 sequentially bond the first glass 10, the infrared reflective film 312, and the second glass 20 to form a structure, thereby ensuring a secure connection between the first glass 10 and the second glass 20. The materials of the first adhesive layer 41 and the second adhesive layer 42 can be at least one of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyacrylate (PA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyurethane (PUR), and ionomer polymer film (SGP). Preferably, the first adhesive layer 41 and the second adhesive layer 42 are made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB). The first adhesive layer 41 has a light transmittance greater than or equal to 70% in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band. Preferably, the light transmittance of the first adhesive layer 41 in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band can be 75%, 80%, or 85%. The second adhesive layer 42 has a light transmittance greater than or equal to 70% in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band. Preferably, the light transmittance of the second adhesive layer 42 in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band can be 75%, 80%, or 85%. Therefore, the first adhesive layer 41 and the second adhesive layer 42 have high visible light transmittance to ensure that the laminated glass 1 has high transparency. The thickness of the first adhesive layer 41 is typically set between 0.3mm and 2.3mm, for example: 0.38mm, 0.51mm, 0.76mm, 0.81mm, etc., with 0.38mm and 0.76mm being preferred, and 0.76mm being even more preferred. The thickness of the second adhesive layer 42 is typically set between 0.3mm and 2.3mm, for example: 0.38mm, 0.51mm, 0.76mm, 0.81mm, etc., with 0.38mm and 0.76mm being preferred, and 0.76mm being even more preferred.

[0071] Of course, in other embodiments, the

[0072] Please see Figure 14As shown in the figure, line segment G represents the transmittance of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) combined with the first and second glasses in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band from various angles; line segment H represents the transmittance of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) combined with the first and second glasses in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band from various angles. Specifically, the transmittance of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) combined with the first and second glasses in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band ranges from 83.3% to 92.9%. The transmittance of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) combined with the first and second glasses in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band ranges from 78.6% to 87.7%. Clearly, the laminated glass using the ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) combined with the first and second glasses has a higher transmittance than the laminated glass using the polyvinyl butyral (PVB) combined with the first and second glasses. You can choose to use it based on your actual needs.

[0073] In one embodiment, the first adhesive layer 41 and the second adhesive layer 42 contain a plasticizer, which is used to improve the sound insulation effect, wherein the plasticizer content in the first adhesive layer 41 is greater than the content in the second adhesive layer 42.

[0074] Preferably, in order to reduce the overall thickness of the laminated glass 1, this embodiment sets the thickness of the first adhesive layer 41 to 0.76 mm and the thickness of the second adhesive layer 42 to 0.38 mm. Setting the thickness of the first adhesive layer 41 greater than the thickness of the second adhesive layer 42 results in a higher plasticizer content in the first adhesive layer 41 compared to the second adhesive layer 42, thereby improving the sound insulation effect of the laminated glass 1. Of course, in other embodiments, the thickness of the first adhesive layer 41 can also be set to 0.38 mm and the thickness of the second adhesive layer 42 to 0.76 mm. This application does not impose specific limitations; all such limitations fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0075] Please refer to the following: Figures 15 to 17 The first adhesive layer 41 has a second opening 411, and the infrared-transmitting film 34 further fills the second opening 411; or, the second adhesive layer 42 has a third opening 421, and the infrared-transmitting film 34 further fills the third opening 421; or, the first adhesive layer 41 has a second opening 411, the second adhesive layer 42 has a third opening 421, and the infrared-transmitting film 34 further fills both the second opening 411 and the third opening 421.

[0076] Please see Figure 15In one embodiment, the first adhesive layer 41 has a second opening 411, and the infrared transmitting film 34 is laid within the second opening 411. Specifically, the adhesive layer 30 includes the first adhesive layer 41, the infrared reflective film 312, and the second adhesive layer 42 stacked sequentially, with the infrared reflective film 312 sandwiched between the first adhesive layer 41 and the second adhesive layer 42. The infrared transmitting film 34 penetrates the first adhesive layer 41 and the infrared reflective film 312 sequentially in the orthogonal projection direction of the second surface 10b of the first glass 10, forming the second opening 411, which is used to fill the infrared transmitting film 34. The material of the wave-transmitting part 32 can be at least one of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyacrylate (PA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyurethane (PUR), and ionomer polymer film (SGP). Preferably, the infrared transmitting film 34 is made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB). Because PVB has high transparency and a transmittance of ≥75% in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength range, infrared light can effectively pass through the wave-transmitting portion 32. In this embodiment, the thickness of the infrared transmitting film 34 is set between 0.3mm and 0.9mm, for example: 0.43mm, 0.56mm, 0.81mm, 0.86mm, etc., with 0.43mm and 0.81mm being preferred, and 0.81mm being even more preferred. The thickness of the infrared transmitting film 34 is the sum of the thickness of the first adhesive layer 41 and the thickness of the infrared reflective film 312. For example, if the thickness of the first adhesive layer 41 is 0.76mm and the thickness of the infrared reflective film 312 is 0.05mm, then the thickness of the infrared transmitting film 34 is 0.81mm. This ensures the overall flushness of the infrared transmitting film 34 with the first adhesive layer 41 and the infrared reflective film 312. Because polyvinyl butyral (PVB) has high transparency, especially with low light absorption in the 850nm to 950nm wavelength range; particularly in the 905nm wavelength range, when light in the 905nm wavelength range passes through the transmissive portion 32, the infrared transmissive film 34, which uses polyvinyl butyral (PVB) as its substrate, has high transmittance, enabling the transmissive portion 32 to transmit signals well for light in the 905nm wavelength range.

[0077] Please see Figure 16In another embodiment, the second adhesive layer 42 has a third opening 421, and the infrared transmitting film 34 is laid within the third opening 421. Specifically, the adhesive layer 30 includes the first adhesive layer 41, the infrared reflective film 312, and the second adhesive layer 42 stacked sequentially, with the infrared reflective film 312 sandwiched between the first adhesive layer 41 and the second adhesive layer 42. The infrared transmitting film 34 penetrates the second adhesive layer 42 and the infrared reflective film 312 sequentially in the orthogonal projection direction of the third surface 20a of the second glass 20, forming the third opening 421, which is used to fill the infrared transmitting film 34. The material of the infrared transmitting film 34 can be at least one of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyacrylate (PA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyurethane (PUR), and ionomer polymer film (SGP). Preferably, the infrared transmitting film 34 is made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB). Because PVB has high transparency and a transmittance of ≥75% in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength range, infrared light can effectively pass through the wave-transmitting portion 32. In this embodiment, the thickness of the infrared transmitting film 34 is set between 0.3mm and 0.9mm, for example: 0.43mm, 0.56mm, 0.81mm, 0.86mm, etc., with 0.43mm and 0.81mm being preferred, and 0.81mm being even more preferred. The thickness of the infrared transmitting film 34 is the sum of the thickness of the first adhesive layer 41 and the thickness of the infrared reflective film 312. For example, if the thickness of the first adhesive layer 41 is 0.76mm and the thickness of the infrared reflective film 312 is 0.05mm, then the thickness of the infrared transmitting film 34 is 0.81mm. This ensures the overall flushness of the infrared transmitting film 34 with the first adhesive layer 41 and the infrared reflective film 312. Because polyvinyl butyral (PVB) has high transparency, especially with low light absorption in the 850nm to 950nm wavelength range; particularly in the 905nm wavelength range, when light in the 905nm wavelength range passes through the transmissive portion 32, the infrared transmissive film 34, which uses polyvinyl butyral (PVB) as its substrate, has high transmittance, enabling the transmissive portion 32 to transmit signals well for light in the 905nm wavelength range.

[0078] Please see Figure 17In another embodiment, the first adhesive layer 41 has a second opening 411, and the second adhesive layer 42 has a third opening 421. The infrared transmitting film 34 is laid between the second opening 411 and the third opening 421. Specifically, the adhesive layer 30 includes the first adhesive layer 41, the infrared reflective film 312, and the second adhesive layer 42 stacked sequentially, with the infrared reflective film 312 sandwiched between the first adhesive layer 41 and the second adhesive layer 42. The infrared transmitting film 34 penetrates the first adhesive layer 41 and the infrared reflective film 312 sequentially in the orthographic projection direction of the second surface 10b of the first glass 10, forming the second opening 411, which is used to fill the infrared transmitting film 34. The infrared transmitting film 34 penetrates the second adhesive layer 42 and the infrared reflective film 312 sequentially in the orthographic projection direction of the third surface 20a of the second glass 20, forming the third opening 421, which is used to fill the infrared transmitting film 34. In this embodiment, the thickness of the infrared-transmitting film 34 is set between 1.0 mm, 0.6 mm, and 1.7 mm, for example: 0.81 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.57 mm, etc., with 1.2 mm being preferred. The material of the infrared-transmitting film 34 can be at least one of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyacrylate (PA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyurethane (PUR), and ionomer polymer film (SGP). Preferably, the wave-transparent part 32 is made of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA). EVA resin typically contains 5% to 40% vinyl acetate, has high transparency, is a thermosetting, crosslinkable resin. Through the high-temperature decomposition of a crosslinking agent (peroxide), free radicals are generated, triggering a series of crosslinking reactions. This causes the molecules to crosslink from a linear structure to a network structure. The crosslinked material exhibits significant improvements in strength, light transmittance, high-temperature creep resistance, solvent resistance, water resistance, resistance to damp heat aging, resistance to ultraviolet radiation aging, and resistance to yellowing. For example, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) has a light transmittance ≥75% in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength range, allowing infrared light to effectively pass through the wave-transparent part 32. Because ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) has high transparency, especially low absorption of light in the 1500nm to 1600nm wavelength range, particularly in the 1550nm wavelength range, when light in the 1550nm wavelength range passes through the translucent part 32, the infrared translucent film 34, which uses ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) as its substrate, has high transmittance, so that the translucent part 32 can better transmit signals for light in the 1550nm wavelength range.

[0079] Please see Figure 18 This application also provides a vehicle 80 including a vehicle body 81, the laminated glass 1, and a lidar 70. The laminated glass 1 is installed on the vehicle body 81, and the lidar 70 is installed inside the vehicle body 81. The lidar 70 transmits and receives electromagnetic wave signals through the wave-transmitting portion 32 of the laminated glass 1, and the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves is in the range of 780nm to 2500nm.

[0080] Specifically, the vehicle 80 may be, but is not limited to, a sedan, a multi-purpose vehicle (MPV), a sport / suburban utility vehicle (SUV), an off-road vehicle (ORV), a pickup truck, a van, a bus, a truck, etc.

[0081] Optionally, the mainstream choices for the lidar 70 include 905nm lidar 70 and 1550nm lidar 70. The 905nm lidar 70 uses infrared laser with a wavelength of 905nm for information acquisition. It emits a laser beam as a detection signal into the surrounding three-dimensional space, and after the laser beam illuminates objects in the surrounding space, it is reflected as an echo signal and returns. The lidar 70 compares the received echo signal with the emitted detection signal to obtain relevant information about surrounding objects, such as distance and speed. The 1550nm lidar 70 works similarly. The wave-transmitting portion 32 of the laminated glass 1 allows the 905nm lidar 70 and 1550nm lidar 70 to transmit and receive electromagnetic wave signals. The vehicle 80 equipped with one or more of the lidar 70 has imaging, ranging, and positioning functions, enabling the vehicle 80 to detect obstacles near the vehicle while parked or moving.

[0082] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of the present invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laminated glass, characterized in that, The laminated glass includes a first glass, a second glass, and an adhesive layer stacked sequentially, with the first glass and the second glass connected by the adhesive layer; The adhesive layer includes an infrared blocking film and an infrared transmitting film. The infrared blocking film has a first opening, and at least part of the first opening contains the infrared transmitting film. The infrared transmitting film includes at least one of polyvinyl butyral, ethylene vinyl acetate, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyurethane, and ionomer film. The laminated glass includes a heat-insulating part and a wave-transmitting part. The heat-insulating part corresponds to the area where the infrared blocking film is located, and the wave-transmitting part corresponds to the area where the infrared transmitting film is located. The transmittance of the heat-insulating part in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band is less than or equal to 45%, the transmittance of the heat-insulating part in the visible light band is greater than or equal to 70%, and the transmittance of the wave-transmitting part in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band is greater than or equal to 70%.

2. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light transmittance of the heat insulation part in the 850nm to 950nm band is less than or equal to 35%, and the light transmittance of the heat insulation part in the 1500nm to 1600nm band is less than or equal to 10%.

3. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light transmittance of the wave-transmitting part in the 850nm to 950nm band is greater than or equal to 75%, and the light transmittance of the wave-transmitting part in the 1500nm to 1600nm band is greater than or equal to 75%.

4. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first glass has a light transmittance of 75% or more in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band, and the second glass has a light transmittance of 75% or more in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band.

5. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The infrared blocking film includes an infrared absorption film, which absorbs light in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength range.

6. The laminated glass according to claim 5, characterized in that, The thickness of the infrared absorption film ranges from 0.3 mm to 2.3 mm.

7. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The infrared blocking film includes an infrared reflective film, which reflects light in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band.

8. The laminated glass according to claim 7, characterized in that, The thickness of the infrared reflective film ranges from 0.02 mm to 0.08 mm.

9. The laminated glass according to claim 7, characterized in that, The adhesive layer further includes a first adhesive layer and / or a second adhesive layer, wherein the first adhesive layer is disposed between the first glass and the infrared reflective film, and the second adhesive layer is disposed between the second glass and the infrared reflective film.

10. The laminated glass according to claim 9, characterized in that, The first adhesive layer has a second opening, and the infrared-transmitting film further fills the second opening; or, The second adhesive layer has a third opening, and the infrared-transmitting film further fills the third opening; or, The first adhesive layer has a second opening, the second adhesive layer has a third opening, and the infrared-transmitting film further fills the second opening and the third opening.

11. The laminated glass according to claim 9, characterized in that, The thickness of the first adhesive layer ranges from 0.3 to 2.3 mm, and the thickness of the second adhesive layer ranges from 0.3 to 2.3 mm.

12. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 9-11, characterized in that, The first adhesive layer has a light transmittance of 70% or more in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band, and the second adhesive layer has a light transmittance of 70% or more in the 780nm to 2500nm wavelength band.

13. A vehicle, characterized in that, include: Vehicle body; The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein the laminated glass is mounted on the vehicle body; A lidar is installed inside the vehicle body. The lidar transmits and receives electromagnetic wave signals through the wave-transmitting part of the laminated glass. The wavelength of the electromagnetic waves ranges from 780nm to 2500nm.

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