Test device and method for simulating deformation and failure of snow-covered slopes

Abstract

The present invention discloses a test device and method for simulating deformation and failure of snow-covered slopes, comprising a support frame, wherein a cross plate is provided between the uprights of the support frame, a bottom plate is fixedly connected between the cross plates, a sliding rod is fixedly provided between the top frames of the support frame, a slider is slidably connected to the sliding rod, and a pulley is rolled below the slider, and one side of the cross plate is connected to the support rod by a hinge. By adjusting the inclination angle between the inclined plate and the bottom plate, the slope of the frozen soil slope can be simulated, and experiments with different slopes can be realized. Secondly, the influence of the snow load on the stability of the granular slope is simulated by separating the lower shear box and the upper shear box. The changes of the granular particles and the snow sample during the separation process can be observed more directly, and the load size of the shear failure of the upper snow sample and the influence of the failure on the lower soil sample can be studied under the factors of changing the slope, load and loading rate, thereby solving the problem of lack of research devices in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of snow slope experimental devices, in particular to an experimental device and method for simulating deformation and failure of snow slopes. Background Art

[0002] Granular slopes are a common type of slope in the western alpine mountainous areas. They have a loose structure and are extremely prone to instability and failure. The stability and protection measures of granular slopes have always been technical issues of special concern in engineering construction. Especially for alpine mountainous areas with long-term snow cover, with the gradual increase of human activities in alpine mountainous areas and global warming, avalanche disasters often occur. In this process, the properties of soil particles change, causing the stability of granular slopes to gradually be destroyed and eventually become unstable. Therefore, studying the impact of avalanche disasters and snow loads on the stability of granular slopes is of great and practical significance.

[0003] In the existing technology, there is a lack of equipment for studying the impact of avalanche disasters and snow loads on the stability of granular slopes. Therefore, we propose a test device and method for simulating the deformation and failure of snow slopes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a test device and method for simulating the deformation and failure of snow-covered slopes, so as to solve the problem in the prior art of lacking a device for studying the influence of avalanche disasters and snow loads on the stability of granular slopes.

[0005] The top of described sliding panel also is provided with an interlocking structure, and the interlocking structure is hinged on the base plate, is fixed with a backing pin on the interlocking structure, and an end of sliding panel withstands on the backing pin of interlocking structure.

[0006] The shear box comprises a lower shear box, the upper portion of the lower shear box is slidably connected to the upper shear box, a stress sensor reserved hole is provided on the side of the lower shear box, and a stress sensor is provided inside the lower shear box.

[0007] As a preferred solution of the present invention: the laser displacement sensor is set at two positions, wherein the laser displacement sensor located on the support rod corresponds to detecting the normal force displacement path of the shear box, and the laser displacement sensor located on the connecting rod corresponds to detecting the tangential force displacement path of the shear box.

[0008] As a preferred solution of the present invention: the vertical loading plate is bonded to a traction rope by glue, and the gravity of the gravity-bearing bucket in an empty state is equal to the weight of the weight.

[0009] As a preferred solution of the present invention: the lower surface of the vertical loading plate is serrated.

[0010] As a preferred solution of the present invention: the shear box is made of tempered glass, and a blocking plate is provided on the side of the upper surface of the bottom plate away from the support rod.

[0011] The test device and method for simulating deformation and failure of snow-covered slopes include the following steps:

[0012] S1. Prepare bulk particles of appropriate particle size and snow samples of appropriate hardness; collect soil samples from field bulk slopes and screen them for particle size. After screening, the soil samples are smaller than 50mm and larger than 2-30mm; collect clean and undisturbed snow samples from an open field, screen them into a 2mm screening box under natural cold conditions, compress them into 30*20*5cm cubes, and place them outdoors for low-temperature sintering for 1-2 days; heat boiling water to allow water vapor to flow over the cold snow surface to form a weak snow layer, and then cover the surface with a layer of fresh screened snow. The sintering time is more than one day.

[0013] S2. Place the prepared granular particles and soil in the lower shear box, place the prepared snow sample in the upper shear box, and use a hot air blower to heat the vertical loading plate so that the lower surface of the vertical loading plate and the upper surface of the snow sample in the upper shear box are frozen and fixed;

[0014] S3, adjusting the inclined plate and the support rod, changing the inclination angle between the inclined plate and the bottom plate, and simulating the slope of the frozen soil slope for adjustment;

[0015] S4. Then, anhydrous alcohol is manually input into the gravity-bearing barrel until the upper shear box slides to the bottom of the inclined plate, and the snow sample inside the upper shear box is destroyed and the granular particles inside the lower shear box are destroyed.

[0016] S5. Data processing: The stress changes inside the granular particles are obtained through the numerical values ​​of the stress sensor; the sliding process and time of the upper shear box are observed by a high-speed camera, and its microscopic displacement changes are analyzed using PIV technology; the sliding speed can be obtained by combining the length of the inclined plate, and the load weight is obtained by weighing the mass of the anhydrous alcohol in the gravity-loaded barrel.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention simulates the slope of the frozen soil slope by adjusting the inclination angle between the inclined plate and the bottom plate, and can realize experiments with different slopes; secondly, through the separation between the lower shear box and the upper shear box, it simulates the influence of the snow load on the stability of the granular slope, and more directly observes the changes in the granular particles and snow samples during the separation process. It can study the load size of the shear failure of the upper snow sample and the influence of its failure on the lower soil sample under the factors of changing the slope, load and loading rate, thereby solving the problem of lack of research equipment in the prior art. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the supporting rod structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the shear box structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the related structure of the sliding rod of the present invention.

[0022] In the figure: 1. Support frame; 2. Horizontal plate; 3. Bottom plate; 4. Sliding rod; 5. Slider; 6. Pulley; 7. Support rod; 8. Inclined plate; 9. Shear box; 91. Lower shear box; 92. Upper shear box; 93. Stress sensor reserved hole; 94. Stress sensor; 10. Vertical loading plate; 11. Rectangular frame; 12. Laser displacement sensor; 13. Connecting rod; 14. Weight; 15. Gravity-bearing barrel; 16. High-speed camera. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] See also Figures 1 to 4The present invention provides a technical solution: a test device for simulating the deformation and failure of snow-covered slopes, comprising a support frame 1, a horizontal plate 2 is provided between the uprights of the support frame 1, a bottom plate 3 is fixedly connected between the horizontal plates 2, a sliding rod 4 is fixed between the top frames of the support frame 1, a slider 5 is slidably connected to the sliding rod 4, and a pulley 6 is rolled under the slider 5. The position of the pulley 6 is adjusted by sliding the slider 5 on the sliding rod 4, so as to facilitate the application of force to the inclined plate 8 with different inclinations. One side of the horizontal plate 2 is connected to the support rod 7 by a hinge, and the upper surface of the bottom plate 3 is connected to one end of the inclined plate 8 by a hinge, and the other end of the inclined plate 8 is connected to the support rod 7 by a buckle. When the inclined plate 8 changes its angle with the bottom plate 3, the part of the inclined plate 8 located on the support rod 7 moves, and the support rod 7 also moves. It can be rotated. When it needs to be fixed, the inclined plate 8 is buckled onto the support rod 7 to achieve fixation. A shear box 9 is provided above the inclined plate 8, and a vertical loading plate 10 is provided above the shear box 9. A rectangular frame 11 is provided on the vertical loading plate 10. The laser displacement sensor 12 is connected to the support rod 7 by a buckle. The upper part of the laser displacement sensor 12 is located on the support rod 7 and connected to the connecting rod 13 by a buckle. The lower surface of the connecting rod 13 is provided with a laser displacement sensor 12. A traction rope is provided on the pulley 6, and a weight 14 is provided at one end of the traction rope, and a gravity bearing bucket 15 is provided at the other end. A high-speed camera 16 is placed on one side of the shear box 9. During the experiment, the high-speed camera 16 always shoots the state of the upper shear box 92, which is convenient for generating displacement cloud map analysis through PIV technology in the later stage.

[0025] The shear box 9 includes a lower shear box 91, which is slidably connected to an upper shear box 92. A stress sensor reserved hole 93 is provided on the side of the lower shear box 91, and a stress sensor 94 is provided inside the lower shear box 91. By using the shear box 9 to carry granular particles and snow samples, internal stress changes can be detected, which is convenient for data collection.

[0026] Among them, the laser displacement sensor 12 is set at two positions, wherein the laser displacement sensor 12 located on the support rod 7 corresponds to detecting the normal force displacement path of the shear box 9, and the laser displacement sensor 12 located on the connecting rod 13 corresponds to detecting the tangential force displacement path of the shear box 9.

[0027] Among them, the vertical loading plate 10 is bonded to the traction rope by glue, and the gravity of the gravity-bearing bucket 15 in the empty state is equal to the weight of the weight 14, which is convenient for gradually and evenly increasing the load and analyzing the shear failure characteristics of granular slopes with different slopes when the upper snow layer is destroyed.

[0028] The lower surface of the vertical loading plate 10 is serrated, which increases the tangential friction between the vertical loading plate 10 and the lower connected snow sample during the experiment, so that the tangential displacement of the vertical loading plate 10 and the lower sample remains consistent.

[0029] Among them, the shear box 9 is made of tempered glass, and a blocking plate is provided on the side of the upper surface of the bottom plate 3 away from the support rod 7 to ensure clear side displacement monitoring and stable force on the device.

[0030] The test device and method for simulating deformation and failure of snow-covered slopes include the following steps:

[0031] S1. Prepare bulk particles of appropriate particle size and snow samples of appropriate hardness; collect soil samples from field bulk slopes and screen them for particle size. After screening, the soil samples are smaller than 50mm and larger than 2-30mm; collect clean and undisturbed snow samples from an open field, screen them into a 2mm screening box under natural cold conditions, compress them into 30*20*5cm cubes, and place them outdoors for low-temperature sintering for 1-2 days; heat boiling water to allow water vapor to flow over the cold snow surface to form a weak snow layer, and then cover the surface with a layer of fresh screened snow. The sintering time is more than one day.

[0032] S2. Place the prepared granular particles and soil in the lower shear box 91, place the prepared snow sample in the upper shear box 92, and heat the vertical loading plate 10 with a hot air blower to freeze the lower surface of the vertical loading plate 10 and the upper surface of the snow sample in the upper shear box 92.

[0033] S3, adjusting the inclined plate 8 and the support rod 7, changing the inclination angle between the inclined plate 8 and the bottom plate 3, and simulating the slope of the frozen soil slope for adjustment;

[0034] S4. Then, anhydrous alcohol is manually input into the gravity-bearing barrel 15 until the upper shear box 92 slides to the bottom of the inclined plate 8, and the snow sample inside the upper shear box 92 is destroyed and the granular particles inside the lower shear box 91 are destroyed.

[0035] S5. Data processing: The stress changes inside the granular particles are obtained through the numerical value of the stress sensor 94; the sliding process and time of the upper shear box 92 are observed by the high-speed camera 16, and its microscopic displacement changes are analyzed using PIV technology; the sliding speed can be obtained by combining the length of the inclined plate 8, and the load weight is obtained by weighing the mass of the anhydrous alcohol in the gravity-bearing barrel 15.

[0036] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "coaxial", "bottom", "one end", "top", "middle", "the other end", "upper", "one side", "top", "inside", "front", "center", "both ends", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0037] In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" and "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or suggesting relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first", "second", "third" and "fourth" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature.

[0038] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms "install", "set", "connect", "fix", "screw" and the like should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. Unless otherwise clearly defined, ordinary technicians in this field can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0039] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A test device for simulating deformation and failure of snow-covered slopes, comprising a support frame (1), characterized in that: A transverse plate (2) is provided between the uprights of the support frame (1), the transverse plates (2) are fixedly connected to the bottom plates (3), a sliding rod (4) is fixedly provided between the top frames of the support frame (1), a slider (5) is slidably connected to the top of the sliding rod (4), and a pulley (6) is rolled below the slider (5), one side of the transverse plate (2) is connected to the support rod (7) through a hinge, the upper surface of the bottom plate (3) is connected to one end of the inclined plate (8) through a hinge, and the other end of the inclined plate (8) is connected to the support rod (7) through a buckle, a shear box (9) is provided above the inclined plate (8), and a vertical loading plate (10) is provided above the shear box (9), and the vertical loading plate (10) is provided above the vertical loading plate (11). A rectangular frame (11) is provided on the plate (10), a laser displacement sensor (12) is connected to the support rod (7) by a buckle, a connecting rod (13) is connected to the support rod (7) above the laser displacement sensor (12) by a buckle, a laser displacement sensor (12) is provided on the lower surface of the connecting rod (13), a traction rope is provided on the pulley (6), a weight (14) is provided at one end of the traction rope, and a gravity bearing barrel (15) is provided at the other end, a high-speed camera (16) is placed on one side of the shear box (9), the traction rope is bonded to the vertical loading plate (10) by glue, and the gravity of the gravity bearing barrel (15) in an empty state is equal to the weight of the weight (14); The shear box (9) comprises a lower shear box (91), the upper portion of the lower shear box (91) is slidably connected to an upper shear box (92), a stress sensor pre-hole (93) is provided on the side of the lower shear box (91), and a stress sensor (94) is provided inside the lower shear box (91). Prepared granular particles and soil are placed inside the lower shear box (91), and prepared snow samples are placed inside the upper shear box (92).

2. The test device for simulating deformation and failure of snow-covered slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser displacement sensor (12) is arranged at two positions, wherein the laser displacement sensor (12) located on the support rod (7) corresponds to detecting the normal force displacement path of the shear box (9), and the laser displacement sensor (12) located on the connecting rod (13) corresponds to detecting the tangential force displacement path of the shear box (9).

3. The test device for simulating deformation and failure of snow-covered slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower surface of the vertical loading plate (10) is serrated.

4. The test device for simulating deformation and failure of snow-covered slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shear box (9) is made of tempered glass, and a blocking plate is provided on the side of the upper surface of the bottom plate (3) away from the support rod (7).

5. The method for using the test device for simulating deformation and failure of snow-covered slopes according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Prepare bulk particles of appropriate particle size and snow samples of appropriate hardness; collect soil samples from field bulk slopes and screen them for particle size. After screening, the soil samples are smaller than 50mm and larger than 2-30mm; collect clean and undisturbed snow samples from an open field, screen them into a 2mm screening box under natural cold conditions, compress them into 30*20*5cm cubes, and place them outdoors for low-temperature sintering for 1-2 days; heat boiling water to allow water vapor to flow over the cold snow surface to form a weak snow layer, and then cover the surface with a layer of fresh screened snow. The sintering time is more than one day. S2. Place the prepared granular particles and soil inside the lower shear box (91), place the prepared snow sample inside the upper shear box (92), and use a hot air blower to heat the vertical loading plate (10) so that the lower surface of the vertical loading plate (10) and the upper surface of the snow sample inside the upper shear box (92) are frozen and fixed; S3, adjusting the inclined plate (8) and the support rod (7), changing the inclination angle between the inclined plate (8) and the bottom plate (3), and simulating the slope of the frozen soil slope for adjustment; S4, then anhydrous alcohol is manually input into the gravity bearing barrel (15) until the upper shear box (92) slides to the bottom of the inclined plate (8), and the snow sample inside the upper shear box (92) is destroyed and the granular particles inside the lower shear box (91) are destroyed; S5. Data processing: The stress changes inside the granular particles are obtained through the numerical values ​​of the stress sensor (94); the sliding process and the time taken by the upper shear box (92) are observed by a high-speed camera (16), and its microscopic displacement changes are analyzed using PIV technology; the sliding speed can be obtained by combining the length of the inclined plate (8), and the load weight is obtained by weighing the mass of the anhydrous alcohol in the gravity-bearing barrel (15).

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