A construction method for ecological restoration slope structures in abandoned open-pit mines

Abstract

A construction method for an ecological restoration slope structure in an abandoned open-pit mine involves leveling the loose rock mass of the mining face slope to be restored into a stepped shape; evenly distributing inner and outer connecting beams on the stepped plane, and fixing the inner ends of the inner and outer connecting beams to the ground with fixed piles; connecting the outer ends of the inner and outer connecting beams with external connecting beams; water storage holes from the upper end of the fixed piles to the lower part; water storage troughs on the upper surface of the inner and outer connecting beams; water storage tanks on the upper surface of the external connecting beams; completely covering the external connecting beams, inner and outer connecting beams, and fixed piles with backfill soil; planting trees on the sloping planting soil, and planting low-growing plants between the trees; this invention utilizes the water storage troughs formed by the external connecting beams, inner and outer connecting beams, and the upper surface of the fixed piles to provide the trees with continuous water nourishment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an ecological restoration structure for abandoned open-pit mines, and more specifically, to a construction method for an ecological restoration slope structure for abandoned open-pit mines. Background Technology

[0002] Open-pit mining, as commonly understood, involves removing the topsoil and surrounding rock covering the ore body before extraction. This method is relatively low-cost. After the ore body is exhausted, the resulting pits are mainly composed of useless rocks, topsoil from adjacent ore bodies, and dumped surrounding rock. During windy seasons, these pits generate large amounts of dust, which is carried by strong winds to distant cities and villages, contributing significantly to particulate matter in the air. Furthermore, these pits also cause geological problems, potential for landslides and geological disasters, damage to topography and landscape, and destruction of land resources. Mining activities have also caused aquifer damage, soil erosion, vegetation destruction, and biodiversity loss. To restore abandoned mines, our field investigations revealed that the main geological hazard is landslides. Due to years of large-scale open-pit mining and the failure to adhere to the designed bench-type mining requirements, numerous steep open-pit slopes have formed in these areas. The slope heights are generally between 5° and 90°, and the gradients are between 70° and 90°. Most slopes are vertically excavated, and the integrity of the surface rock on some slopes has been damaged by blasting disturbances during mining, making the rock structure extremely prone to loosening. The slope rock mass has well-developed joints and unloading fissures, resulting in numerous unstable rock masses. Under gravity and heavy rain conditions, these areas are prone to collapse. Furthermore, these areas contain numerous open-pit mines, slag heaps, and industrial sites, forming large areas of exposed mountain slopes. To restore these areas, we conducted a small-scale experiment. The loose rock mass on the excavated slope of the slope to be restored was leveled from top to bottom using a bulldozer to create a stepped slope. Then, a grid of cement pillars was installed, and soil was filled into each grid, with trees and grass planted on top. The experiment revealed that water retention is a difficult problem to overcome, especially for trees and grass. Maintenance has become the biggest cost. The main problem is the waste slag generated from mining activities, which is randomly piled on slopes and in gullies. The surface of the slag pile is mainly composed of rubble and slag. When it rains, the backfill soil quickly seeps into the bottom of the slag pile. This not only takes away the moisture retention function of the topsoil and reduces the amount of groundwater recharge, but also causes rainwater to seep into the pores of the waste slag and become groundwater runoff, which is not conducive to vegetation retention. During rain, it forms short-term and strong surface runoff, which can easily cause environmental problems such as soil erosion. Using spraying to replenish the backfill soil to help trees survive is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the effect is still poor. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing methods. This invention discloses a construction method for ecological restoration slope structures in abandoned open-pit mines, which utilizes a water storage trough formed by external connecting beams, internal and external connecting beams, and the upper surface of fixed piles to provide trees with continuous water nourishment.

[0004] In order to achieve the objective of this invention, this application discloses the following technical solution:

[0005] A construction method for an ecological restoration slope structure in an abandoned open-pit mine includes the following steps:

[0006] S1: The loose rock mass of the mining face slope to be repaired is leveled from top to bottom by the equipment to make the slope into a stepped shape. Each stepped plane is constructed into a slope between the upper or lower adjacent stepped planes.

[0007] S2: Distribute inner and outer connecting beams evenly on each step plane, so that at least three-fifths of the inner and outer connecting beams from the middle to the inner end are on the step plane, and the outer inner and outer connecting beams are suspended on the slope; use a matching number of fixing piles to fix the inner ends of the inner and outer connecting beams and insert them into the ground inside the step plane; use external connecting beams to connect the outer ends of the inner and outer connecting beams in pairs.

[0008] S3: Use a matching number of fixed pile cover nets to cover the water storage hole from the top surface of the fixed pile to the bottom; use a matching number of inner and outer connecting beam cover nets to cover the water storage tank set on the upper surface of the inner and outer connecting beams; use a matching number of outer connecting beam cover nets to cover the water storage tank set on the upper surface of the outer connecting beams.

[0009] S4: Use backfill soil to completely cover the external connecting beam, the internal and external connecting beams and the fixed piles to make the slope a sloping planting soil; use a spraying method to spray water on the sloping planting soil, at which time the water storage tank of the external connecting beam, the water storage trough of the internal and external connecting beams and the water storage hole of the fixed pile will store a large amount of water.

[0010] S5: Plant trees on sloping planting soil, and plant low-growing plants in the gaps between trees.

[0011] The construction method for the ecological restoration slope structure of the abandoned open-pit mine described above involves an external connecting beam with a rectangular parallelepiped structure. A water storage tank is recessed on the upper surface of the external connecting beam. End plugs are provided at the middle of the end faces of both ends of the external connecting beam. The upper end of the end plug is fixedly connected to the middle of the end face of the external connecting beam, and a groove is provided between the lower part of the end plug and the middle of the end face of the external connecting beam. The two end plugs of the external connecting beam are respectively plugged into and connected to the outer ends of two adjacent inner and outer connecting beams. The outer connecting beam cover netting covers the upper opening of the water storage tank on the upper surface of the external connecting beam.

[0012] The construction method for the ecological restoration slope structure of the abandoned open-pit mine mentioned above includes side bends B on the lower inner and outer sides of the external connecting beam cover net.

[0013] The construction method for the ecological restoration slope structure of the abandoned open-pit mine is as follows: the outer end of the inner and outer connecting beams is provided with an outer end ring, and the two ends of the outer connecting beams are respectively inserted into the outer insertion holes of the outer end rings of the two adjacent inner and outer connecting beams; an inner end ring is provided at the inner end of the inner and outer connecting beams, and the fixing pile is inserted into the inner insertion hole of the inner end ring; the inner and outer connecting beam cover net is fastened on the water storage tank near the inner end to the outer end of the upper surface of the inner and outer connecting beams.

[0014] The construction method for the ecological restoration slope structure of the abandoned open-pit mine involves setting multiple water storage tanks on the upper surface of the inner and outer connecting beams, from near the inner end to near the outer end.

[0015] The construction method for the ecological restoration slope structure of the abandoned open-pit mine mentioned above includes side bends A on the lower parts of both sides of the inner and outer connecting beam cover net.

[0016] The construction method for the ecological restoration slope structure of the abandoned open-pit mine mentioned above has a pointed end at the lower end of the fixed pile.

[0017] The construction method for the ecological restoration slope structure of the abandoned open-pit mine involves providing an enlarged diameter ring on the outer edge of the fixed pile near the upper end.

[0018] In the construction method of the ecological restoration slope structure of the abandoned open-pit mine, in S4, water is sprayed onto the slope planting soil to allow it to penetrate. If collapse occurs, backfill soil should be added in time and water should be sprayed again to compact the surface of the slope planting soil.

[0019] In the construction method of the ecological restoration slope structure of the abandoned open-pit mine, S5, the dwarf plants include trees, shrubs, vines and various flowers and grasses.

[0020] Based on the above disclosure, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] The construction method for ecological restoration slope structures in abandoned open-pit mines described in this invention involves setting water storage tanks and water storage holes on the upper surfaces of the external connecting beams, internal and external connecting beams, and fixed piles. This allows for water storage during the initial watering after planting. A net covering prevents excessive backfill soil from occupying the space of the water storage tanks and holes. Since the external connecting beams, internal and external connecting beams, and fixed piles are all made of concrete, they continuously release moisture, ensuring the roots of trees and grass receive water. During heavy rains, the external connecting beams, internal and external connecting beams, and fixed piles can store water, preventing excessive water loss. The fixed piles ensure the stability of the internal and external connecting beams. Due to the interlocking structure of the external and internal connecting beams, even minor local settlement will not lead to large-scale collapse. The water storage effect of this invention significantly reduces maintenance costs and ensures that trees and grass receive sufficient water during growth, further mitigating soil erosion. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the preliminary repair structure for abandoned open-pit mine slopes according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a rendering of the effect after the treatment of the abandoned open-pit mine slope according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the internal and external connecting beams of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the fixed pile of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the external connecting beam of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the external connecting beam of the present invention from another angle;

[0028] In the diagram: 1. External connecting beam; 2. Internal and external connecting beam; 3. Fixed pile; 4. Plane; 5. Slope; 6. Loose rock mass on the mining face slope; 7. Trees; 8. Dwarf plants; 9. Backfill soil; 10. Sloping planting soil; 11. External insertion hole; 12. Internal and external connecting beam cover net; 13. Outer end ring; 14. Side downward bend A; 15. Water storage tank; 16. Internal insertion hole; 17. Inner end ring; 18. Fixed pile cover net; 19. Water storage tunnel; 20. Expanded diameter ring; 21. Pointed end; 22. External connecting beam cover net; 23. Side downward bend B; 24. Water storage tank; 25. End insertion post; 26. Slot. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so as to better understand the inventive objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood that the embodiments shown in the drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but are merely illustrative of possible implementations of the technical solutions of the present invention.

[0030] Combined with appendix Figures 1-6 The construction method for the ecological restoration slope structure of abandoned open-pit mines described herein includes the following steps:

[0031] S1: The loose rock mass 6 of the mining face slope to be repaired is leveled from top to bottom by the equipment to make the slope into a stepped shape. The width of each step plane 4 is preferably about two meters. Each step plane 4 is connected to the upper or lower adjacent step plane 4 to form a slope 5. The slope is preferably between 40 degrees and 60 degrees. Then, the slope is compacted by the equipment.

[0032] S2: Evenly distribute inner and outer connecting beams 2 on each step plane 4, so that at least three-fifths of the inner and outer connecting beams 2 from the middle to the inner end are on the step plane 4, and the outer inner and outer connecting beams 2 are suspended on the slope 5; use a matching number of fixed piles 3, and use a pile driver to clamp the expansion ring 20 at the upper end of the fixed pile 3 and insert it into the inner insertion hole 16 at the inner end of the inner and outer connecting beams 2, and then drive it into the flat crushed rock step plane 4 near the inner side, at this time using the traction force of the fixed piles 3; use the end insertion columns 25 at both ends of the outer connecting beam 1 to insert into the outer insertion holes 11 of the outer end rings 13 of the two inner and outer connecting beams 2 to form a connection;

[0033] Furthermore, when fabricating the inner and outer connecting beams 2, a steel cage matching the shape can be used, and then concrete is poured into the mold with a cement grade greater than or equal to 32.5. The outer end of the inner and outer connecting beams 2 is provided with an outer end ring 13, and the two ends of the outer connecting beams 1 are respectively inserted into the outer insertion holes 11 of the outer end rings 13 of the two adjacent inner and outer connecting beams 2. The inner end of the inner and outer connecting beams 2 is provided with an inner end ring 17, and the fixing piles 3 are inserted into the inner insertion holes 16 of the inner end rings 17. The inner and outer connecting beam cover net 12 is fastened to the water storage tank 15 near the inner end to near the outer end on the upper surface of the inner and outer connecting beams 2. The lower part of both sides of the inner and outer connecting beam cover net 12 is provided with a side downward bend A14, and there are multiple water storage tanks 15 near the inner end to near the outer end on the upper surface of the inner and outer connecting beams 2.

[0034] Furthermore, the fixed pile 3 uses a high-strength concrete pipe pile "PHC pile", and a pointed tip 21 is provided at the lower end of the fixed pile 3 for easy insertion; an enlarged diameter ring 20 is provided on the outer edge of the fixed pile 3 near the upper end.

[0035] Furthermore, the external connecting beam 1 has a cuboid structure, and a recessed water storage tank 24 is provided on the upper surface of the cuboid external connecting beam 1; end plugs 25 are respectively provided in the middle of the end faces of the two ends of the external connecting beam 1, the upper end of the end plug 25 is fixedly connected to the middle of the end face of the external connecting beam 1, and a slot 26 is provided between the lower part of the end plug 25 and the middle of the end face of the external connecting beam 1; the two end plugs 25 of the external connecting beam 1 are respectively plugged into and connected to the outer ends of two adjacent inner and outer connecting beams 2; during manufacturing, a steel cage matching the shape can be used, and then placed in a mold and concrete is poured; the external connecting beam cover net 22 covers the upper opening of the water storage tank 24 on the upper surface of the external connecting beam 1, and the lower part of the inner and outer sides of the external connecting beam cover net 22 is respectively provided with a downward bend B23; the external connecting beam cover net 22 is made of hard weather-resistant plastic or stainless steel.

[0036] S3: Use a matching number of fixed pile cover nets 18 to cover the water storage hole 19 from the upper end of the fixed pile 3 to the lower part, and use the downward folded edges set around the fixed pile cover nets 18 to prevent displacement when covering backfill soil; use a matching number of inner and outer connecting beam cover nets 12 to cover the water storage tank 15 set on the upper surface of the inner and outer connecting beam 2, and use the downward bends A14 on both sides of the inner and outer connecting beam cover nets 12 to respectively lock the two sides of the inner and outer connecting beam 2 to prevent displacement when covering backfill soil; use a matching number of outer connecting beam cover nets 22 to cover the water storage tank 24 set on the upper surface of the outer connecting beam 1, and use the downward bends B23 on both sides of the outer connecting beam cover nets 22 to respectively lock the two sides of the outer connecting beam 1 to prevent displacement when covering backfill soil.

[0037] S4: Use backfill soil 9 to completely cover the external connecting beam 1, the inner and outer connecting beam 2 and the fixed pile 3 to make the slope slope planting soil 10; then use the nozzle of the pipe to spray water on the slope planting soil 10 to make the slope planting soil 10 penetrate, and make the backfill soil compacted by spraying water. Then observe the collapsed parts and use loose soil to fill the collapsed parts again. Then use stone sticks to compact the surface of the slope planting soil 10. At this time, some of the water sprayed in the early stage is also stored in the water storage tank 24 of the external connecting beam 1, the water storage trough 15 of the inner and outer connecting beam 2 and the water storage hole 19 of the fixed pile 3. These stored large amounts of water can be replenished again when watering after planting.

[0038] S5: The trees 7 selected in this invention are preferably economic crops, such as prickly ash trees and jujube trees. As a diversity, plants with strong drought resistance, tolerance to poor soil and fast growth, such as large-leaved privet, cypress, locust or pine, can also be selected. The aforementioned trees 7 are planted crosswise on the sloping planting soil 10. The location is preferably such that the roots of the trees 7 correspond to the upper part of the inner and outer connecting beams 2 so that the roots of the trees 7 can absorb water. Dwarf plants 8 are planted on the ground between the trees 7. The dwarf plants 8 include, but are not limited to, trees, shrubs, vines and various flowers and grasses.

[0039] This invention addresses mine environmental remediation by closely integrating engineering and biological measures to achieve the ultimate goal of mine environmental remediation. The engineering measures of this invention minimize the development and severity of geological disasters, while the biological measures restore the mine's ecology, beautify the environment, and generate economic benefits. The combination of the two makes the benefits of mine remediation more significant.

[0040] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, it should be understood that after reading the above teachings, those skilled in the art can make various alterations or modifications to the scope of protection of the present invention. These equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

[0041] The parts of this invention not described in detail are prior art.

Claims

1. A construction method for an ecological restoration slope structure in an abandoned open-pit mine, characterized by: Includes the following steps: S1: The loose rock mass (6) of the mining face slope to be repaired is leveled from top to bottom by the equipment to make the slope into a stepped shape. Each stepped plane (4) is constructed into a slope (5) between the upper or lower adjacent stepped plane (4). S2: Evenly distribute the inner and outer connecting beams (2) on each step plane (4), so that at least three-fifths of the inner and outer connecting beams (2) from the middle to the inner end are on the step plane (4), and the outer inner and outer connecting beams (2) are suspended on the slope (5); use a matching number of fixing piles (3) to fix the inner end of the inner and outer connecting beams (2) and insert them into the ground inside the step plane (4); use the outer connecting beams (1) to connect the outer ends of the inner and outer connecting beams (2) in pairs; S3: Use a matching number of fixed pile cover nets (18) to cover the water storage hole (19) from the upper end of the fixed pile (3) to the lower part; use a matching number of inner and outer connecting beam cover nets (12) to cover the water storage tank (15) set on the upper part of the inner and outer connecting beam (2); use a matching number of outer connecting beam cover nets (22) to cover the water storage tank (24) set on the upper part of the outer connecting beam (1); S4: Use backfill soil (9) to completely cover the external connecting beam (1), the inner and outer connecting beam (2) and the fixed pile (3) to make the slope into a slope of planted soil (10); use spraying to sprinkle water on the slope of planted soil (10), at which time the water storage tank (24) of the external connecting beam (1), the water storage trough (15) of the inner and outer connecting beam (2) and the water storage hole (19) of the fixed pile (3) will store a large amount of water; S5: Plant trees (7) on the sloping planting soil (10) and plant dwarf plants (8) in the gaps between trees (7).

2. The construction method for the ecological restoration slope structure of abandoned open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The external connecting beam (1) has a cuboid structure. A water storage tank (24) is recessed on the upper surface of the external connecting beam (1). The middle part of the end faces of the two ends of the external connecting beam (1) is provided with end plugs (25). The upper end of the end plugs (25) is fixedly connected to the middle part of the end face of the external connecting beam (1). The lower part of the end plugs (25) is provided with a slot (26) between the middle part of the end face of the external connecting beam (1). The two end plugs (25) of the external connecting beam (1) are respectively plugged into the outer ends of two adjacent inner and outer connecting beams (2). The outer connecting beam cover net (22) covers the upper opening of the water storage tank (24) on the upper surface of the external connecting beam (1).

3. The construction method for slope structure in ecological restoration of abandoned open-pit mines according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The lower inner and outer sides of the external connecting beam cover net (22) are respectively provided with edge down bends B (23).

4. The construction method for the ecological restoration slope structure of abandoned open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer end of the inner and outer connecting beam (2) is provided with an outer end ring (13), and the two ends of the outer connecting beam (1) are respectively inserted into the outer insertion holes (11) of the outer end rings (13) of the two adjacent inner and outer connecting beams (2); the inner end of the inner and outer connecting beam (2) is provided with an inner end ring (17), and the fixing pile (3) is inserted into the inner insertion hole (16) of the inner end ring (17); the inner and outer connecting beam cover net (12) is fastened on the water storage tank (15) on the upper surface of the inner and outer connecting beam (2) from the inner end to the outer end.

5. The construction method for the ecological restoration slope structure of abandoned open-pit mines according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: Multiple water storage tanks (15) are provided on the upper surface of the inner and outer connecting beams (2) from near the inner end to near the outer end.

6. The construction method for the ecological restoration slope structure of abandoned open-pit mines according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The lower sides of the inner and outer connecting beam cover (12) are respectively provided with edge lower bends A (14).

7. The construction method for the ecological restoration slope structure of abandoned open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pointed tip (21) is provided at the lower end of the fixed pile (3).

8. The construction method for the ecological restoration slope structure of abandoned open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: An expansion ring (20) is provided on the outer edge of the fixed pile (3) near the upper end.

9. The construction method for the ecological restoration slope structure of abandoned open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, water is sprayed onto the sloping planting soil (10) to allow it to penetrate. If a collapse occurs, backfill soil (9) should be added in time and water should be sprayed again to compact the surface of the sloping planting soil (10).

10. The construction method of the ecological restoration slope structure of abandoned open-pit mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: in S5, the dwarf plants (8) include trees, shrubs, vines and various flowers and grasses.

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