A soil freeze-thaw and gravity erosion intensity dynamic monitoring system and method

Abstract

The application provides a soil freeze-thaw and gravity erosion intensity dynamic monitoring system and method, which comprises a power supply unit, a linear track unit, a data acquisition unit, a data recording and processing unit, the power supply unit is connected with the linear track unit and the data acquisition unit, and the data recording and processing unit comprises a notebook computer and data display and processing software installed on the notebook computer. The application combines differential phase interferometry, linear frequency continuous wave technology and synthetic aperture radar technology, can realize real-time, continuous and comprehensive deformation monitoring of a measured object prone to slight displacement change, thereby obtaining gravity and freeze-thaw erosion intensity, and is not interfered by climate conditions, and can realize timely stability analysis and instability early warning of a slope, erosion deformation prediction and erosion protection measure effect monitoring of soil under the action of gravity and freeze-thaw, and greatly reduces or avoids risks and disasters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil erosion monitoring technology, specifically a dynamic monitoring system and method for soil freeze-thaw cycles and gravity erosion intensity. Background Technology

[0002] Freeze-thaw erosion occurs when water in the pores of soil and its parent material, or in the cracks of rock, expands in volume upon freezing, causing the cracks to widen and increase in number, leading to the fragmentation of the entire soil or rock mass. After thawing, its erosion resistance is greatly reduced, and the soil and rock shift downhill under the influence of gravity. Gravity erosion, on the other hand, is an erosion process in which surface soil and rock materials, under the influence of external forces, lose their balance under their own weight, resulting in destruction, migration, and deposition. Generally, freeze-thaw erosion is accompanied by gravity erosion. In the early stages of both freeze-thaw and gravity erosion, the degree of soil deformation is small and not easily detected. However, once displacement or stripping occurs, the erosion intensity increases dramatically, causing immense damage. Freeze-thaw erosion is mainly distributed in high-latitude or high-altitude areas. In recent years, with climate change and intensified human activities, freeze-thaw erosion has become widespread and frequent, thus gradually attracting widespread attention. Under the influence of adverse factors such as heavy rainfall and earthquakes, gravity erosion, such as landslides and collapses, is extremely intense and causes serious damage. Disasters caused by freeze-thaw erosion or gravity erosion are numerous and widespread. Therefore, it is essential to monitor soil freeze-thaw cycles and gravity erosion deformation, to identify the critical state of soil abrupt changes in advance, to diagnose the degree of soil development, and to establish a soil freeze-thaw cycle and gravity erosion deformation monitoring and diagnosis system.

[0003] Current erosion monitoring methods generally include geodetic methods, stress measurement methods, GPS measurement methods, laser ranging methods, close-range photogrammetry, and wireless sensor monitoring methods. Traditional monitoring methods have limitations. For example, GPS measurement requires pinpointing locations on the landslide body, which is very difficult in inaccessible locations such as near riverbanks or high mountains, and only single-point measurements can be performed at a time. Laser ranging allows for non-contact measurement, but the distance is limited; for example, the effective range of the Leica HDS3000 is only 150m. Close-range photogrammetry is greatly affected by weather, making continuous monitoring at night or in adverse weather conditions difficult. Regarding the diagnosis of the development of freeze-thaw and gravity erosion, under stable soil conditions, monitoring over several hours or even days is unlikely to detect slope displacement, and even if displacement occurs, it is only at the millimeter level. Furthermore, landslides caused by freeze-thaw and gravity erosion often involve localized, drastic displacement leading to overall collapse; therefore, monitoring must be able to simultaneously monitor a large area of ​​the mountain. Current methods for monitoring soil freeze-thaw cycles and gravity erosion struggle to achieve high-precision, real-time, dynamic, full-process, and remote monitoring, severely hindering in-depth research into the mechanisms and processes underlying soil freeze-thaw cycles and gravity erosion. Traditional monitoring methods are insufficient to meet the research needs for dynamic monitoring and diagnosis of the development of freeze-thaw cycles and gravity erosion. Therefore, a high-precision, non-contact, area measurement technology or method capable of 24 / 7 operation is required. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a dynamic monitoring system and method for soil freeze-thaw and gravity erosion intensity. It combines differential phase interferometry, linear frequency modulated continuous wave technology, and synthetic aperture radar technology to accurately monitor the deformation of objects prone to minute displacement changes in real time, continuously, and comprehensively. This allows for the determination of gravity and freeze-thaw erosion intensity, unaffected by climatic conditions. This invention can promptly perform slope stability analysis and instability warning, predict soil erosion deformation under freeze-thaw and gravity effects, and monitor the effectiveness of erosion protection measures, greatly reducing or avoiding potential risks and disasters.

[0005] A dynamic monitoring system for soil freeze-thaw cycles and gravity erosion intensity includes a power supply unit, a linear track unit, a data acquisition unit, and a data recording and processing unit. The power supply unit is connected to the linear track unit and the data acquisition unit to provide power for their operation. The data recording and processing unit includes a laptop computer and data display and processing software installed on the laptop computer.

[0006] The linear track unit includes a slide rail and a sensor bracket that is slidably mounted on the slide rail;

[0007] The data acquisition unit includes an electromagnetic wave sensor, a telescope, a signal transmitter, and a signal receiver. The electromagnetic wave sensor is fixed on a bracket, and the telescope is fixed on the upper end of the electromagnetic wave sensor for preliminary observation of the object under test, so as to adjust the angle and position of the electromagnetic wave sensor. The signal transmitter and signal receiver are fixed on the front end of the electromagnetic wave sensor for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic wave signals.

[0008] The data recording and processing unit infers the displacement or deformation of the object under test based on the phase change information of the electromagnetic waves obtained by the data acquisition unit. It uses stepped-frequency continuous wave technology to perform high-resolution one-dimensional imaging of the displacement or deformation of the object under test. It uses synthetic aperture radar technology to convert the one-dimensional monitoring image into a two-dimensional image with range and angular resolution. Based on the deformation information and area of ​​the target area, it obtains the dynamic change law of erosion intensity in the target area.

[0009] Furthermore, the bracket is mounted on the slide rail via tracks.

[0010] Furthermore, the signal receiver is a horn-shaped antenna receiver.

[0011] Furthermore, the data recording and processing unit infers the displacement or deformation of the measured object based on the phase change information of the electromagnetic waves acquired by the data acquisition unit, specifically as follows:

[0012] When the object under test undergoes displacement or deformation, the data recording and processing unit uses interferometric measurement technology to inversely deduce the displacement variable Δd by utilizing the difference in phase information of the target object obtained at different times.

[0013] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the displacement variable Δd is as follows:

[0014]

[0015] Where: λ is the radar wavelength; This is the first imaging phase of the radar. This is the second imaging phase of the radar.

[0016] Furthermore, the high-resolution one-dimensional imaging of the displacement or deformation of the measured object using stepped-frequency continuous wave technology specifically involves:

[0017] One-dimensional monitoring of the object under test based on step-frequency continuous waves yields a one-dimensional cross-sectional image, called a range cross-sectional image. The range cross-sectional image is then segmented according to range resolution, and electromagnetic waves of different frequencies are combined to form a radar image.

[0018] Furthermore, the distance resolution ΔR:

[0019]

[0020] In the formula: v is the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves, m / s; τ is the pulse duration of each electromagnetic wave.

[0021] Furthermore, the use of synthetic aperture radar technology to transform the one-dimensional monitoring image into a two-dimensional image with range and angular resolution specifically involves:

[0022] An electromagnetic wave sensor is installed on the linear track unit, and a two-dimensional image with distance and angle resolution is obtained by moving the support in the linear track unit.

[0023] Furthermore, based on the deformation information and area of ​​the target area, the dynamic change law of erosion intensity in the target area is obtained, wherein the formula for calculating soil erosion is:

[0024]

[0025] In the formula: E is the soil erosion amount, kg; ρ is the soil bulk density at the monitoring point, kg / m³. 3 S represents the slope area of ​​the observation area, in m². 2 ;Δd i Let m be the displacement variable at the i-th point.

[0026] A method for dynamic monitoring of soil freeze-thaw cycles and gravity erosion intensity, which employs the aforementioned system, includes the following steps:

[0027] Step 1: Positioning and Installation: Select a stable area opposite the slope under gravity erosion monitoring, fix the linear track unit base in a suitable position, and install the linear slide rail after confirming stability. Fix the bracket and adjust the height and angle. Install the electromagnetic wave sensor of the data acquisition unit on the slide rail, and install the telescope, signal transmitter and signal receiver.

[0028] Step 2: Line connection: Connect the power supply unit 1 to the linear track unit, data acquisition unit and data recording and processing unit via a cable, and connect the electromagnetic wave sensor of the data acquisition unit to the laptop computer of the data recording and processing unit with a USB cable;

[0029] Step 3: Parameter setting and testing: In the data recording and processing unit, select "Synthetic Aperture Radar Mode" in the control software, control the movement of the electromagnetic wave sensor on the slide rail using the buttons in the software, set the system control software parameters for the slide rail on the laptop, and perform system testing after setting.

[0030] Step 4: Monitoring System Calibration: Calibrate the measurement distance before starting monitoring;

[0031] Step 5: Data Acquisition: Before the system officially starts working, activate the radar transmission, click the start button for the data recording and processing unit, and begin monitoring;

[0032] Step 6: Acquire radar image data of the target area: Based on the phase change information of electromagnetic waves acquired by the data acquisition unit, the displacement or deformation of the object under test is inverted. The displacement or deformation of the object under test is imaged in high resolution one-dimensionally using step frequency continuous wave technology. The one-dimensional monitoring image is converted into a two-dimensional image with range and angle resolution using synthetic aperture radar technology.

[0033] Step 7: Based on the deformation information and area of ​​the target area, obtain the dynamic change law of erosion intensity in the target area.

[0034] This invention, based on interferometry, stepped-frequency continuous wave technology, and synthetic aperture radar technology, monitors freeze-thaw cycles and gravity erosion, and has the following advantages:

[0035] (1) This invention creatively applies interferometric measurement technology, step frequency continuous wave technology and synthetic aperture radar technology to slope freeze-thaw and gravity erosion monitoring, breaking through the problems of low accuracy and insufficient long-term observation of the entire process of existing soil erosion monitoring methods. In particular, for freeze-thaw and gravity erosion with long deformation cycles that are not easily detected, its measurement accuracy can reach the sub-millimeter level.

[0036] (2) The present invention can perform remote measurement without approaching or entering the target object. It is particularly suitable for continuous monitoring in areas with inconvenient transportation or dangerous areas. It can achieve rapid and continuous measurement and is not affected by weather conditions.

[0037] (3) This invention can simultaneously measure all points in the antenna monitoring area and can perform real-time displacement monitoring of the eroded slope. That is, it can track and accurately measure the displacement in the area covered by radar waves, which can reach hundreds or even thousands of square meters. It can provide a continuous displacement map for dynamic and static monitoring.

[0038] (4) The data acquisition work of the present invention is automatically operated at the monitoring site without human intervention, and can work continuously and uninterruptedly outdoors all day and all day long.

[0039] (5) This invention can construct a dynamic monitoring and diagnosis system for soil freeze-thaw and gravity erosion, realize slope deformation monitoring, diagnose soil development, provide scientific basis for emergency command and decision-making management of government management departments, and provide scientific means and technical support for the prevention and control and mechanism research of soil freeze-thaw and gravity erosion. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the dynamic monitoring system for soil freeze-thaw and gravity erosion intensity of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a front view showing the connection between the linear track unit and the data acquisition unit of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a side view showing the connection between the linear track unit and the data acquisition unit of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the interferometric measurement technology of the data acquisition unit of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 These are the readings from the monitoring system of this invention;

[0045] Figure 6 (a) is an actual photograph of the slope monitored by an embodiment of the present invention, and (b) is a slope deformation diagram monitored using the present invention.

[0046] The reference numerals in the diagram are described as follows: 1. Power supply unit; 2. Linear track unit; 3. Data acquisition unit; 4. Data recording and processing unit; a. Power cord interface; b. Cable; c. Slide rail; d. Bracket; e. Electromagnetic wave sensor; f. USB cable; g. Laptop computer; h. Telescope; i. Signal transmitter; j. Signal receiver; k. Transmit electromagnetic wave; l. Return electromagnetic wave; m. Object under test. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a dynamic monitoring system for soil freeze-thaw and gravity erosion intensity, including a power supply unit 1, a linear track unit 2, a data acquisition unit 3, and a data recording and processing unit 4.

[0049] The power supply unit 1 includes two 12V mobile power supplies and a power cord interface a that can provide 220-240V AC input and 12V DC input from photovoltaic solar power. The power supply unit 1 is connected to the linear track unit 2 and the data acquisition unit 3 via cable b, providing power for the operation of the linear track unit 2 and the data acquisition unit 3.

[0050] The linear track unit 2 includes a slide rail c and a sensor bracket d. The slide rail c is approximately 2.5 meters long. The bracket d is mounted on the slide rail c via a track. The data acquisition unit 3 is fixed on the bracket d. Under the action of a stepper servo motor inside the slide rail, it can slide back and forth on the slide rail c. The linear track unit 2 is connected to the power supply unit 1 via a cable b, which ensures that the data acquisition unit 3 can move on the slide rail c. After being connected to the data acquisition unit 3, it can stably monitor the object under test.

[0051] Please refer to this as well. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The data acquisition unit 3 includes an electromagnetic wave sensor e, a telescope h, a signal transmitter i, and a signal receiver j. The electromagnetic wave sensor e is fixed on the bracket d of the linear track unit 2 and connected to the power supply unit 1 via a cable b. The telescope h is fixed on the upper end of the electromagnetic wave sensor e and is used for preliminary observation of the object under test to adjust the angle and position of the electromagnetic wave sensor e. The signal transmitter i and the signal receiver j are fixed on the front end of the electromagnetic wave sensor e and are used to transmit and receive electromagnetic wave signals. The signal receiver j is a horn-shaped antenna (20dB gain) receiver.

[0052] like Figure 4 As shown, the electromagnetic wave sensor e emits an electromagnetic wave signal k (16.6-16.9 GHz) through the signal transmitter i. After hitting the object being measured, the signal is reflected back to form a returning electromagnetic wave l, which is then received by the signal receiver j on the electromagnetic wave sensor e. When the object being measured undergoes displacement or deformation, the phase change information of the electromagnetic wave can be obtained through interferometry. Using stepped-frequency continuous wave technology, high-resolution one-dimensional imaging of the displacement or deformation of the object being measured can be achieved. Combined with synthetic aperture radar technology, the one-dimensional monitoring image is converted into a two-dimensional image with range and angular resolution. After the above-mentioned data is connected to the data recording and processing unit 4 through the linear track unit 2, the visual monitoring of erosion deformation can be realized.

[0053] The principles of the above three technologies are explained in detail below:

[0054] ① Interferometry

[0055] Interferometry is a radar technology that monitors distance by detecting the difference in phase information of radar waves caused by the movement of the object being measured. Typically, electromagnetic waves are emitted and reflected by the object being measured, thus recording phase information. As the object moves, the phase information of the reflected electromagnetic waves changes.

[0056] The signal transmitter i and signal receiver j in the data acquisition unit 3 of this invention transmit and receive a series of electromagnetic waves on the slope to monitor the dynamic deformation of the slope due to freeze-thaw cycles and gravity erosion. During the measurement period, the electromagnetic waves are emitted at regular time intervals, allowing for periodic monitoring of the object under test. Interferometry compares the differences in phase information of the target object obtained at different times, thereby retrieving even small displacement variables (such as...). Figure 4 (As shown). After data processing and integration, the displacement variable Δd of all monitored pixels can form a displacement map of the entire region, which represents the monitored erosion deformation. The displacement variable Δd is specifically calculated as follows:

[0057]

[0058] Where: λ is the radar wavelength; This is the first imaging phase of the radar. This is the second imaging phase of the radar.

[0059] ②Step-frequency continuous wave technology

[0060] The core of the data acquisition unit 3 is a sensor, specifically a stepped-frequency continuous wave electromagnetic wave sensor e used in this invention. The electromagnetic wave sensor e of the data acquisition unit 3 can simultaneously emit n groups of continuous-frequency electromagnetic waves, each group having a pulse duration of τ. These continuous electromagnetic waves are stepped-frequency electromagnetic waves. Stepped-frequency continuous wave technology enables the system to achieve a very high range resolution (ΔR).

[0061]

[0062] In the formula: v is the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves, m / s.

[0063] One-dimensional monitoring of the object under test can be performed based on stepped-frequency continuous waves. The result of this technology is a one-dimensional cross-sectional image, called a range cross-sectional image. This cross-section is segmented according to range resolution, resulting in very high resolution. It can combine a series of electromagnetic waves of different frequencies to form a radar image.

[0064] ③ Synthetic Aperture Radar Technology

[0065] Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) technology overcomes the limitations of physical antenna width, significantly improving azimuth resolution. In practical applications, the SAR radar (electromagnetic wave sensor e) is mounted on the linear track unit 2. By moving the support d within the linear track unit 2, a virtual large antenna is synthesized to enhance resolution. The track of the linear track unit 2 is approximately 2 meters long, and the system achieves an angular resolution of 4.5 mrad.

[0066] The data acquisition unit 3 combines stepped-frequency continuous wave technology and synthetic aperture radar technology to obtain a two-dimensional image of the object being measured, thus having resolution in both the range and angle directions.

[0067] like Figure 1 As shown, the data recording and processing unit 4 includes a laptop computer g and data display and processing software installed on the laptop computer g. The laptop computer g is connected to the power supply unit 1 and the linear track unit 2 via cables and data lines. It is used to process and calculate monitoring data and erosion levels, and generate visualized images, which can meet the requirements of harsh working environments. The laptop computer g can be a military-grade Panasonic CF18 laptop computer.

[0068] The freeze-thaw or gravity erosion amount is calculated based on the displacement variable Δd of the monitored pixel:

[0069]

[0070] In the formula: E is the soil erosion amount, kg; ρ is the soil bulk density at the monitoring point, kg / m³. 3 S represents the slope area of ​​the observation area, in m². 2 ;Δd i Let m be the displacement variable at the i-th point.

[0071] This invention also provides a method for dynamic monitoring of soil freeze-thaw cycles and gravity erosion intensity. Using the aforementioned system, dynamic monitoring of soil freeze-thaw cycles and gravity erosion intensity is performed to obtain the displacement changes in various parts of the monitored area. The erosion patterns and characteristics of the monitored area are analyzed to predict and guide local governments in taking preventative measures to reduce or avoid potential disasters. The method includes the following steps:

[0072] Step 1: Positioning and Installation: Select a stable area opposite the slope under gravity erosion monitoring, fix the base of the linear track unit 2 in a suitable position, and after confirming stability, install the linear slide rail c, fix the bracket d and adjust its height and angle, install the electromagnetic wave sensor e of the data acquisition unit 3 on the slide rail c, and install the telescope h, signal transmitter i and signal receiver j.

[0073] Step 2: Line connection: Connect the power supply unit 1 to the linear track unit 2, data acquisition unit 3 and data recording and processing unit 4 through the cable. After tightening the fixing bolts, a good waterproof effect can be achieved. Connect the electromagnetic wave sensor e of the data acquisition unit 3 and the laptop g of the data recording and processing unit 4 with a USB connection cable.

[0074] Step 3: Parameter setting and testing: In the data recording and processing unit 4, select "Synthetic Aperture Radar Mode" in the control software. Use the buttons in the software to control the movement of the electromagnetic wave sensor e on the slide rail c. Set the system control software parameters of the slide rail c (maximum range, distance resolution, total number of scans, scan interval, etc.) on the laptop 9. Verify whether the software system accepts the configuration. After setting, perform system testing.

[0075] Step 4: Monitoring System Calibration: The system needs to be calibrated for the measurement distance before monitoring begins, which involves calibrating the instrument by monitoring a pre-prepared, precise target.

[0076] Step 5: Data Acquisition: Before the system officially starts working, activate the radar transmission, click the start button for the data recording and processing unit, and begin monitoring;

[0077] Step 6: Acquire radar image data of the target area;

[0078] The target area of ​​this step is the study area, such as a freeze-thaw or gravity-eroded slope. The target area of ​​this step includes objects within the target area, such as the soil of the freeze-thaw or gravity-eroded slope.

[0079] The radar image data used in this step is synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, which is high-resolution radar images obtained through interferometry, stepped-frequency continuous wave technology, and synthetic aperture radar.

[0080] The synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data is first generated by an electromagnetic wave sensor e transmitting an electromagnetic wave signal k (16.6-16.9 GHz) through a signal transmitter i. This signal hits the object being measured and reflects back, forming a returning electromagnetic wave l. The signal is then received by a signal receiver j on the electromagnetic wave sensor e. When the object being measured undergoes displacement or deformation, interferometry techniques are used to obtain the phase change information (Δd) of the electromagnetic wave. Using stepped-frequency continuous wave technology, high-resolution one-dimensional imaging of the displacement or deformation of the object can be achieved. SAR technology is then used to convert the one-dimensional monitoring image into a two-dimensional image with range and angular resolution (e.g., ...). Figure 4 (As shown).

[0081] The radar image data in this step includes radar image sets formed according to time patterns based on the different times when the images were acquired.

[0082] Step 7: Generate the freeze-thaw or gravity erosion intensity of the target area.

[0083] This step, based on the deformation information and area of ​​the target region, obtains the dynamic variation pattern of erosion intensity in the target region. The time series values ​​of the target region can reflect the changes in erosion intensity, and future predictions can be made based on existing historical data. This helps to avoid affecting the stability of the slope soil due to freeze-thaw cycles or gravity erosion in the target region, thereby preventing some disasters from occurring.

[0084] Example

[0085] To verify the monitoring accuracy of this invention, a dial gauge was used for measurement. Specifically, a target was mounted on the dial gauge, and the target moved synchronously with the dial gauge as it was adjusted (0.05 mm at a time). The displacement of the target was measured using this invention, and the results were compared (Table 1). The readings of the monitoring system of this invention are as follows: Figure 5 .

[0086] The monitoring system of this invention can accurately measure the displacement change of the dial gauge. Without considering the inherent error of the dial gauge and external interference, the monitoring system of this invention can meet the monitoring accuracy requirements of freeze-thaw and gravity erosion deformation.

[0087] Table 1 Comparison of Dial Gauge and Monitoring System Readings (Unit: mm)

[0088] Dial gauge reading 10 10.05 10.1 10.15 10.2 10.15 10.1 10.05 10 Monitoring system readings 0 -0.05 -0.093 -0.148 -0.186 -0.139 -0.08 -0.043 0.003

[0089] The monitoring system of this invention is used to monitor the slope of a production and construction project. Due to human disturbance, obvious gullies have appeared in the middle of the slope. Under the action of external forces such as freeze-thaw and gravity, these gullies are prone to micro-changes and are not easily detected, thus inducing freeze-thaw and gravity erosion. Figure 6 This diagram illustrates the overall deformation of the slope over the entire monitoring period (5 hours and 20 minutes), and it corresponds to the actual site location. Each point in the diagram represents a monitoring point deployed on the slope by the monitoring system of this invention. The color bars on the right represent displacement, ranging from dark (±5mm) to light (0mm), with dark representing slope erosion displacement deformation. The erosion deformation diagram shows that the slope is mostly stable within the monitoring area. Within the area defined by the coarse circle, there is a small amount of deformation and movement, averaging 0.5-1mm. This area has previously experienced landslides, which may still result in slow slippage.

[0090] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A dynamic monitoring system for soil freeze-thaw cycles and gravity erosion intensity, characterized in that: It includes a power supply unit, a linear track unit, a data acquisition unit, and a data recording and processing unit. The power supply unit is connected to the linear track unit and the data acquisition unit to provide power for the operation of the linear track unit and the data acquisition unit. The data recording and processing unit includes a laptop computer and data display and processing software installed on the laptop computer. The linear track unit includes a slide rail and a sensor bracket that is slidably mounted on the slide rail; The data acquisition unit includes an electromagnetic wave sensor, a telescope, a signal transmitter, and a signal receiver. The electromagnetic wave sensor is fixed on a bracket, and the telescope is fixed on the upper end of the electromagnetic wave sensor for preliminary observation of the object under test, so as to adjust the angle and position of the electromagnetic wave sensor. The signal transmitter and signal receiver are fixed on the front end of the electromagnetic wave sensor for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic wave signals. The data recording and processing unit infers the displacement or deformation of the object under test based on the phase change information of the electromagnetic waves obtained by the data acquisition unit. It uses stepped-frequency continuous wave technology to perform high-resolution one-dimensional imaging of the displacement or deformation of the object under test. It uses synthetic aperture radar technology to convert the one-dimensional monitoring image into a two-dimensional image with range and angular resolution. Based on the deformation information and area of ​​the target area, it obtains the dynamic change law of erosion intensity in the target area.

2. The dynamic monitoring system for soil freeze-thaw cycles and gravity erosion intensity as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The support is mounted on the slide rail via tracks.

3. The dynamic monitoring system for soil freeze-thaw cycles and gravity erosion intensity as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The signal receiver is a horn-shaped antenna receiver.

4. The dynamic monitoring system for soil freeze-thaw cycles and gravity erosion intensity as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The data recording and processing unit infers the displacement or deformation of the measured object based on the phase change information of the electromagnetic waves acquired by the data acquisition unit, specifically as follows: When the object under test undergoes displacement or deformation, the data recording and processing unit uses interferometric measurement technology to inversely deduce the displacement variable Δd by utilizing the difference in phase information of the target object obtained at different times.

5. The dynamic monitoring system for soil freeze-thaw cycles and gravity erosion intensity as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The formula for calculating the displacement variable Δd is: Where: λ is the radar wavelength; This is the first imaging phase of the radar. This is the second imaging phase of the radar.

6. The dynamic monitoring system for soil freeze-thaw cycles and gravity erosion intensity as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The method of using stepped-frequency continuous wave technology to perform high-resolution one-dimensional imaging of the displacement or deformation of the measured object specifically includes: One-dimensional monitoring of the object under test based on step-frequency continuous waves yields a one-dimensional cross-sectional image, called a range cross-sectional image. The range cross-sectional image is then segmented according to range resolution, and electromagnetic waves of different frequencies are combined to form a radar image.

7. The dynamic monitoring system for soil freeze-thaw cycles and gravity erosion intensity as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The range resolution ΔR: In the formula: v is the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves, m / s; τ is the pulse duration of each group of electromagnetic waves.

8. The dynamic monitoring system for soil freeze-thaw cycles and gravity erosion intensity as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The process of using synthetic aperture radar technology to transform a one-dimensional monitoring image into a two-dimensional image with range and angular resolution is as follows: An electromagnetic wave sensor is installed on the linear track unit, and a two-dimensional image with distance and angle resolution is obtained by moving the support in the linear track unit.

9. The dynamic monitoring system for soil freeze-thaw cycles and gravity erosion intensity as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The dynamic variation law of erosion intensity in the target area is obtained based on the deformation information and area of ​​the target area, wherein the formula for calculating soil erosion is: In the formula: E is the soil erosion amount, kg; ρ is the soil bulk density at the monitoring point, kg / m³. 3 S represents the slope area of ​​the observation area, in m². 2 ;Δd i Let m be the displacement variable at the i-th point.

10. A method for dynamic monitoring of soil freeze-thaw cycles and gravity erosion intensity, characterized in that: The method is performed using the system described in any one of claims 1-9, and includes: Step 1: Positioning and Installation: Select a stable area opposite the slope under gravity erosion monitoring, fix the linear track unit base in a suitable position, and install the linear slide rail after confirming stability. Fix the bracket and adjust the height and angle. Install the electromagnetic wave sensor of the data acquisition unit on the slide rail, and install the telescope, signal transmitter and signal receiver. Step 2: Line connection: Connect the power supply unit (1) to the linear track unit, data acquisition unit and data recording and processing unit through a cable, and connect the electromagnetic wave sensor of the data acquisition unit and the laptop of the data recording and processing unit with a USB cable; Step 3: Parameter setting and testing: In the data recording and processing unit, select "Synthetic Aperture Radar Mode" in the control software, control the movement of the electromagnetic wave sensor on the slide rail using the buttons in the software, set the system control software parameters for the slide rail on the laptop, and perform system testing after setting. Step 4: Monitoring System Calibration: Calibrate the measurement distance before starting monitoring; Step 5: Data Acquisition: Before the system officially starts working, activate the radar transmission, click the start button for the data recording and processing unit, and begin monitoring; Step 6: Acquire radar image data of the target area: Based on the phase change information of electromagnetic waves acquired by the data acquisition unit, the displacement or deformation of the object under test is inverted. The displacement or deformation of the object under test is imaged in high resolution one-dimensionally using step frequency continuous wave technology. The one-dimensional monitoring image is converted into a two-dimensional image with range and angle resolution using synthetic aperture radar technology. Step 7: Based on the deformation information and area of ​​the target area, obtain the dynamic change law of erosion intensity in the target area.

Images