Fuel injection device and method for matching non-uniform inflow, ramjet engine

Abstract

This application relates to a fuel injection device and method for matching non-uniform incoming flow, and a ramjet engine. The device includes injectors disposed on the combustion chamber wall, comprising an adjustable injector group and a non-adjustable injector group; the adjustable and non-adjustable injector groups are arranged intersectingly along the circumference of the combustion chamber wall; by using a fixed pressure and a fixed nozzle area, the non-adjustable injector group continuously injects a fixed proportion of fuel into the combustion chamber; by adjusting the injection pressure and nozzle area in real time, the adjustable injector group injects a calculated proportion of fuel into the combustion chamber. This solution can match non-uniform incoming flow at the combustion chamber inlet within a wider flight envelope, improving fuel combustion efficiency and enhancing the performance of the ramjet engine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of ramjet engine technology, and in particular to a fuel injection device and method for matching non-uniform incoming flow, and a ramjet engine. Background Technology

[0002] A ramjet engine is a new type of cutting-edge aerospace technology used for high-speed flight. It primarily utilizes the deceleration and pressurization of airflow entering the engine from a high-speed oncoming flow. During ramjet engine operation, the inlet airflow to the combustion chamber exhibits strong non-uniformity; the spanwise distribution of parameters such as airflow rate and total pressure changes with variations in flight Mach number, angle of attack, and sideslip angle.

[0003] However, ramjet engines typically employ a fixed injection position and nozzle diameter, controlling the global equivalence ratio of the combustion chamber by varying the overall injection pressure. While this fuel injection scheme can achieve efficient fuel-air mixing for specific flight Mach numbers, angles of attack, and sideslip angles, the non-uniform characteristics of the combustion chamber inlet air dynamically change with flight conditions during the operation of a ramjet engine over a wide range. Injection schemes designed for specific flight conditions struggle to achieve efficient fuel-air mixing across a broad inflow range, resulting in poor engine performance during acceleration and maneuvering. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a fuel injection device and method for matching non-uniform incoming flow, and a ramjet engine, to address the aforementioned technical problems. This method can match non-uniform incoming flow at the combustion chamber inlet over a wide range, thereby improving fuel combustion efficiency.

[0005] A fuel injection device for matching non-uniform incoming flow includes an injector disposed on the combustion chamber wall, the injector comprising an adjustable injector group and a non-adjustable injector group;

[0006] The adjustable injector group and the non-adjustable injector group are arranged intersectingly along the circumferential direction of the combustion chamber wall.

[0007] By using a fixed pressure and a fixed nozzle area, the non-adjustable injector assembly continuously injects a fixed proportion of fuel into the combustion chamber.

[0008] The adjustable injector assembly injects a calculated proportion of fuel into the combustion chamber by adjusting the injection pressure and nozzle area in real time.

[0009] In one embodiment, a data processing unit and a flow field measurement unit are also included;

[0010] The flow field measurement unit is located in the upstream section of the combustion chamber and is used to acquire flow field parameters in real time and send the flow field parameters to the data processing unit.

[0011] The data processing unit is connected to the flow field measurement unit, the adjustable injector group, and the non-adjustable injector group, respectively, and is used to process the received flow field parameters, calculate the fuel injection amount of the adjustable injector group and the non-adjustable injector group, and send it to the adjustable injector group and the non-adjustable injector group in real time.

[0012] In one embodiment, the adjustable injector group includes one or more adjustable injectors.

[0013] In one embodiment, the non-adjustable injector group includes one or more non-adjustable injectors.

[0014] In one embodiment, the adjustable injector uses a needle-type injector to adjust the nozzle area and adjusts the injection pressure via an electric pump or pressure reducer.

[0015] In one embodiment, the flow field measurement unit includes one or more pressure measuring holes, and a parameter acquisition module is set near the pressure measuring holes to acquire flow field parameters.

[0016] In one embodiment, the pressure measuring holes are arranged in one or more rows along the circumferential direction of the combustion chamber wall.

[0017] A fuel injection method for matching non-uniform incoming flow, the method comprising:

[0018] The flow field measurement unit acquires flow field parameters in real time and sends the flow field parameters to the data processing unit;

[0019] The data processing unit receives the flow field parameters and ground data, and processes the flow field parameters and ground data to obtain the fixed fuel ratio and the calculated fuel ratio.

[0020] Based on the non-uniform characteristics of airflow, the optimal fuel injection scheme is planned based on the fixed fuel ratio and the calculated fuel ratio to obtain the fuel injection amount of the adjustable injector group and the non-adjustable injector group;

[0021] Based on the fuel injection rate of the non-adjustable injector group, the non-adjustable injector group continuously injects a fixed proportion of fuel into the combustion chamber by means of fixed pressure and fixed nozzle area.

[0022] Based on the fuel injection quantity of the adjustable injector group, the adjustable injector group injects a calculated proportion of fuel into the combustion chamber by adjusting the injection pressure and nozzle area in real time.

[0023] In one embodiment, the data processing unit receives the flow field parameters and ground data, and processes the flow field parameters and ground data to obtain a fixed fuel ratio and a calculated fuel ratio, including:

[0024] The data processing unit receives the flow field parameters and ground data, and processes the flow field parameters and ground data using data interpolation to obtain the fixed fuel ratio and the calculated fuel ratio.

[0025] A ramjet engine, wherein the ramjet engine employs the aforementioned fuel injection device with a matched non-uniform inflow for fuel injection.

[0026] Compared to traditional injection devices, the fuel injection device and method for matching non-uniform incoming flow, and the ramjet engine provided in this application have the following advantages:

[0027] 1. The use of adjustable and non-adjustable injector groups enables the matching of non-uniform inlet flow at the combustion chamber within a wider flight envelope;

[0028] 2. By combining the data processing unit and the flow field measurement unit, the optimal fuel injection scheme can be generated in real time, and the fuel injection can be adjusted in real time through the adjustable injector group, which can achieve matching within a wide range.

[0029] 3. Improves fuel combustion efficiency, has a wider range of applications, and enhances the performance of ramjet engines. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the distribution of the first type of adjustable injector group and non-adjustable injector group provided in Example 1;

[0031] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the distribution of the second type of adjustable injector group and non-adjustable injector group provided in Example 1;

[0032] Figure 3 A schematic cross-sectional view of the fuel injection device for matching non-uniform incoming flow provided in Example 1;

[0033] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the fuel injection method for matching non-uniform incoming flow provided in Example 2;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the injection scheme control process provided in Example 2;

[0035] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 11 Combustion chamber wall, 22 Adjustable injector, 33 Non-adjustable injector, 44 Data processing unit, 55 Flow field measurement unit. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0037] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0038] Furthermore, in this invention, descriptions involving "first," "second," etc., are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly and specifically defined.

[0039] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixed" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can mean a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a physical connection, or a wireless communication connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two elements or the interaction between two elements, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0040] As is well known, the inlet airflow of a ramjet engine combustion chamber exhibits strong non-uniformity. The spanwise distribution of parameters such as airflow and total pressure changes with variations in flight Mach number, angle of attack, and sideslip angle. In such cases, using a traditional injection scheme with fixed injection position and nozzle diameter can lead to some fuel and air failing to mix, resulting in reduced combustion efficiency and decreased engine performance. Therefore, the inventors have proposed a scheme capable of achieving a wider range of adjustments. This scheme employs a combination of adjustable and non-adjustable injectors to adjust the spatial distribution of fuel in real time according to changes in the non-uniform inlet flow state of the combustion chamber, thereby improving the overall performance of a wide-range ramjet engine.

[0041] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, a fuel injection device for matching non-uniform incoming flow is provided, comprising: an injector disposed on the combustion chamber wall 11, the injector including an adjustable injector group and a non-adjustable injector group; the adjustable injector group and the non-adjustable injector group are arranged intersectingly along the circumference of the combustion chamber wall; by using a fixed pressure and a fixed nozzle area, the non-adjustable injector group continuously injects a fixed proportion of fuel into the combustion chamber; by adjusting the injection pressure and nozzle area in real time, the adjustable injector group injects a calculated proportion of fuel into the combustion chamber.

[0044] It is worth noting that the fuel injection device provided in this application includes, but is not limited to, use on ramjet engines with circular or irregular cross-section flow channels. (See also...) Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an injector circumferentially arranged in a circular cross-section flow channel; see reference. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of injectors circumferentially arranged in a rectangular cross-section flow channel. Adjustable and non-adjustable injector groups are arranged circumferentially and intersectingly on the combustion chamber wall 11. The ratio and position of the adjustable and non-adjustable injector groups are generally set according to the range of variation of the non-uniformity of the inlet flow of the combustion chamber.

[0045] Specifically, the non-adjustable injector group includes one or more non-adjustable injectors 33. Each non-adjustable injector 33 has a fixed orifice area, and the pre-injection pressure is the same for all non-adjustable injectors 33. The main function is to inject a lower fuel ratio into the combustion chamber through the non-adjustable injectors 33, ensuring a stable flame and preventing flame extinguishing during adjustments to the injection scheme. The non-adjustable injectors 33 are generally commercially available injectors. To simplify the injection device and make it more economical, they can be used simply by drilling holes in the combustion chamber wall 11.

[0046] The adjustable injector assembly includes one or more adjustable injectors 22, each of which can independently adjust the injection pressure or nozzle area. The nozzle area is adjusted using a needle-type injector, and the injection pressure is adjusted by an electric pump or pressure reducer. It mainly injects more fuel in areas with relatively large air flow based on the non-uniform characteristics of the incoming flow.

[0047] For example, when the total fuel ratio required for a certain wide-range ramjet engine is 0.5 to 1.0, fuel with a fuel ratio of 0.5 is injected by the non-adjustable injector 33, and the appropriate adjustable injector 22 is selected according to the change of incoming flow conditions to inject fuel with a fuel ratio of 0 to 0.5 into the combustion chamber.

[0048] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3As shown, the fuel injection device for matching non-uniform incoming flow also includes a data processing unit 44 and a flow field measurement unit 55. The flow field measurement unit 55 is located in the upstream section of the combustion chamber and is used to acquire flow field parameters in real time and send the flow field parameters to the data processing unit 44. The data processing unit 44 is connected to the flow field measurement unit 55, the adjustable injector group and the non-adjustable injector group respectively, and is used to process the received flow field parameters, calculate the fuel injection quantity of the adjustable injector group and the non-adjustable injector group, and send it to the adjustable injector group and the non-adjustable injector group in real time.

[0049] Specifically, the data processing unit 44 is connected to the flow field measurement unit 55, the adjustable injector group, and the non-adjustable injector group via cables, optical fibers, wireless transmitters, and receivers.

[0050] The flow field measurement unit 55 is mainly used to acquire basic flow field parameters such as wall pressure, velocity, and temperature. It can be set up as needed, including one or more pressure measuring holes. Depending on the flow field parameters to be acquired, corresponding parameter acquisition modules can be set up near the pressure measuring holes to acquire the corresponding flow field parameters. For example, the parameter acquisition modules include, but are not limited to, pressure measuring devices, temperature measuring devices, velocity measuring devices, etc. Depending on the type of parameters to be acquired, one or more measuring devices can be set up at the same time.

[0051] Furthermore, in terms of arrangement, the pressure measuring holes can be arranged in one or more rows along the circumference of the combustion chamber wall. It is worth noting that the more pressure measuring holes there are, the more comprehensive the flow field parameters obtained, and the more accurate the data obtained by the data processing unit.

[0052] The data processing unit 44 is typically a microcomputer system, primarily used to receive flow field parameters and ground data, and to perform calculations based on these parameters to generate combustion chamber inlet airflow parameters. Then, based on these parameters, it plans an optimal fuel injection scheme according to the non-uniformity of the airflow. Finally, it adjusts the fuel ratio between the adjustable and non-adjustable injector groups, as well as the nozzle area and injection pressure of the adjustable injector group, to achieve the optimal fuel injection scheme.

[0053] It is worth noting that the flow field parameters also include flight data such as flight Mach number, angle of attack, and sideslip angle; the ground data includes data from previous ground tests and numerical simulations.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, based on the above-mentioned fuel injection device for matching non-uniform incoming flow, a fuel injection method for matching non-uniform incoming flow is provided, including the following steps:

[0056] Step 102: The flow field measurement unit acquires the flow field parameters in real time and sends the flow field parameters to the data processing unit.

[0057] Step 104: The data processing unit receives the flow field parameters and ground data, and processes the flow field parameters and ground data to obtain the fixed fuel ratio and the calculated fuel ratio.

[0058] Specifically, the data processing unit processes the flow field parameters and ground data using data interpolation to generate combustion chamber inlet airflow parameters. Based on these parameters, and considering the non-uniformity of the airflow, an optimal fuel injection scheme is planned to obtain the fixed fuel ratio and the calculated fuel ratio.

[0059] Step 106: Based on the non-uniform characteristics of the airflow, plan the optimal fuel injection scheme based on the fixed fuel ratio and the calculated fuel ratio to obtain the fuel injection amount of the adjustable injector group and the non-adjustable injector group.

[0060] It is understandable that a wide-range ramjet engine will consume fuel during operation, thus requiring the determination of an appropriate total fuel ratio range. To ensure a stable flame in the combustion chamber, a certain proportion of fuel needs to be continuously injected into the combustion chamber via the non-adjustable injector group; this necessitates calculating a fixed fuel ratio. Then, based on the total fuel ratio range and the fixed fuel ratio, the required fuel ratio for the adjustable injector group is calculated. By combining the fixed fuel ratio and the calculated fuel ratio, the fixed proportion of fuel to be injected by the non-adjustable injector group and the calculated proportion of fuel to be injected by the adjustable injector group can be planned.

[0061] Step 108: Based on the fuel injection quantity of the non-adjustable injector assembly, the non-adjustable injector assembly continuously injects fuel into the combustion chamber by maintaining a fixed pressure and a fixed nozzle area.

[0062] A fixed proportion of fuel is injected; based on the fuel injection volume of the adjustable injector group, the injection pressure and nozzle area are adjusted in real time to inject a calculated proportion of fuel into the combustion chamber.

[0063] It should be understood that, although Figure 4 and Figure 5 The steps in the flowchart are shown sequentially as indicated by the arrows, but these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless otherwise specified herein, there is no strict order in which these steps are executed, and they can be performed in other orders. Figure 4 and Figure 5At least some of the steps in the process may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages. These sub-steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. The execution order of these sub-steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be executed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least some of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0064] Example 3

[0065] This embodiment provides a ramjet engine, see reference. Figure 3 It includes components such as an air intake, an isolation section, a combustion chamber, and a tail nozzle, and the aforementioned fuel injection device that matches the non-uniform inflow is installed in the combustion chamber.

[0066] Specifically, a flow field measurement unit was installed in the upstream section of the combustion chamber to obtain flow field parameters such as wall pressure.

[0067] The data processing unit is connected to the flow field measurement unit, the adjustable injector group, and the non-adjustable injector group via cables, optical fibers, wireless transmitters, and receivers. It is used to receive flow field parameters sent by the flow field measurement unit and ground data sent by the ground, calculate the optimal fuel injection scheme, and send instructions to the adjustable injector group and the non-adjustable injector group according to the optimal fuel injection scheme. The non-adjustable injector group continuously injects a fixed proportion of fuel into the combustion chamber, while the adjustable injector group injects a calculated proportion of fuel into the combustion chamber.

[0068] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0069] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A fuel injection device for matching non-uniform incoming flow, comprising an injector disposed on the combustion chamber wall, characterized in that, The injector includes an adjustable injector group and a non-adjustable injector group; The adjustable injector group and the non-adjustable injector group are arranged intersectingly along the circumferential direction of the combustion chamber wall. By using a fixed pressure and a fixed nozzle area, the non-adjustable injector assembly continuously injects a fixed proportion of fuel into the combustion chamber. The adjustable injector assembly injects a calculated proportion of fuel into the combustion chamber by adjusting the injection pressure and nozzle area in real time. It also includes a data processing unit and a flow field measurement unit; The flow field measurement unit is located in the upstream section of the combustion chamber and is used to acquire flow field parameters in real time and send the flow field parameters to the data processing unit. The data processing unit is connected to the flow field measurement unit, the adjustable injector group, and the non-adjustable injector group, respectively, and is used to process the received flow field parameters, calculate the fuel injection amount of the adjustable injector group and the non-adjustable injector group, and send it to the adjustable injector group and the non-adjustable injector group in real time.

2. The fuel injection device for matching non-uniform incoming flow according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustable injector group includes one or more adjustable injectors.

3. The fuel injection device for matching non-uniform incoming flow according to claim 1, characterized in that, The non-adjustable injector group includes one or more non-adjustable injectors.

4. The fuel injection device for matching non-uniform incoming flow according to claim 3, characterized in that, The adjustable injector uses a needle-type injector to adjust the nozzle area and adjusts the injection pressure through an electric pump or pressure reducer.

5. The fuel injection device for matching non-uniform incoming flow according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flow field measurement unit includes one or more pressure measuring holes, and a parameter acquisition module is set near the pressure measuring holes to acquire flow field parameters.

6. The fuel injection device for matching non-uniform incoming flow according to claim 5, characterized in that, The pressure measuring holes are arranged in one or more rows along the circumference of the combustion chamber wall.

7. A fuel injection method for matching non-uniform incoming flow, characterized in that, The method using the fuel injection device for matching non-uniform incoming flow as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 includes: The flow field measurement unit acquires flow field parameters in real time and sends the flow field parameters to the data processing unit; The data processing unit receives the flow field parameters and ground data, and processes the flow field parameters and ground data to obtain the fixed fuel ratio and the calculated fuel ratio. Based on the non-uniform characteristics of airflow, the optimal fuel injection scheme is planned based on the fixed fuel ratio and the calculated fuel ratio to obtain the fuel injection amount of the adjustable injector group and the non-adjustable injector group; Based on the fuel injection rate of the non-adjustable injector group, the non-adjustable injector group continuously injects a fixed proportion of fuel into the combustion chamber by a fixed pressure and a fixed nozzle area. Based on the fuel injection quantity of the adjustable injector group, the adjustable injector group injects a calculated proportion of fuel into the combustion chamber by adjusting the injection pressure and nozzle area in real time.

8. The fuel injection method for matching non-uniform incoming flow according to claim 7, characterized in that, The data processing unit receives the flow field parameters and ground data, and processes the flow field parameters and ground data to obtain the fixed fuel ratio and the calculated fuel ratio, including: The data processing unit receives the flow field parameters and ground data, and processes the flow field parameters and ground data using data interpolation to obtain the fixed fuel ratio and the calculated fuel ratio.

9. A ramjet engine, characterized in that, The ramjet engine uses the fuel injection device with matching non-uniform inflow as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 for fuel injection.

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