Train underframe special sling and method of using same
By designing highly adaptable special lifting tools and overturning methods for train underframes, the problems of slippage and damage to the overturning machine during underframe lifting and overturning were solved, achieving stable lifting and efficient overturning, and improving production efficiency and safety.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CRRC CHANGCHUN RAILWAY VEHICLES CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2023-10-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-24
AI Technical Summary
Existing lifting devices cannot effectively secure the straight and inclined beams of the rail vehicle chassis, resulting in a high risk of slippage during lifting and easy damage to the tilting machine during tilting, thus affecting production efficiency and safety.
A special lifting device for train underframes was designed, including an integrated outer hook, a pressure block hook, an inner hook tongue, a clamp hook seat, an inner wing inclined block, an outer wing inclined block, and a turnbuckle bridging mechanism. It forms a multi-functional hook through detachable connections and bolt fasteners, adapting to different side beam structures, and employs a specific flipping method to avoid slippage and damage to the flipping machine.
It enables stable hoisting and tilting of the base frame, avoids slippage and tilting machine failure, improves production efficiency and safety, and reduces manpower and material costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN117303183B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of lifting and tilting hoisting devices for railway vehicle underframes and methods for horizontal lifting and tilting of underframes, specifically relating to a special hoisting device for train underframes and its usage method. Background Technology
[0002] like Figure 1 As shown, the stainless steel underframe of a rail vehicle is a large, integral welded structure, with multiple parallel main crossbeams welded between two parallel side beams G, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the base frame side beam G with a steel plate thickness of D1 mainly has two forms: straight side beam and inclined side beam. The cross-section of the straight side beam G1 is similar to that of a channel steel. Its upper and lower straight side beam flanges G1-1 are parallel to each other and the distance between their inner walls is H1. The flange widths of both the straight side beam flange G1-1 and the inclined side beam flange G2-1 are L1. The web surface G1-2 of the straight side beam is perpendicular to both the straight side beam flange G1-1 and the inclined side beam flange G2-1. The dimensions of the inclined side beam flange G2-1 of the inclined side beam G2 are exactly the same as those of the straight side beam flange G1-1, but the web surface G2-2 of the inclined side beam and the inclined side beam flange G2-1 form an angle α.
[0003] The outer side wall of the base frame side beam is a smooth plane, and each edge is rounded. Conventional clamps are prone to slipping, so it is impossible to make an effective hoisting and positioning clamp to fix it during hoisting.
[0004] Currently, when using overhead cranes in conjunction with slings to lift the underframe, the slings act directly on the side beams of the underframe only through static friction. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly control the lifting height and speed of the two sets of overhead cranes to be consistent. Otherwise, if there is a deviation in the lifting height, the underframe may slip under the action of gravity due to the static friction, which may lead to production safety accidents such as collisions with workpieces or injuries to personnel.
[0005] On the other hand, the process of using an overhead crane in conjunction with a belt-driven 360° electric tilting machine to tilt the chassis carries greater risks. The horizontally placed chassis is lifted by two sets of tilting machines via slings. As the tilting machine's transmission mechanism rotates the slings in a belt-driven manner, the rising sling on the left raises the left side beam of the chassis, while the lowering sling on the right continuously lowers the right side beam. When the chassis tilts to a vertical position, the left straight side beam, located at the highest point of the chassis, can easily and suddenly tilt from the side where the left sling is located to the right sling. At this moment, the right sling suddenly bears the instantaneous momentum impact of the top side beam and the chassis, which can easily damage the deceleration device and even the transmission device inside the tilting machine, causing the tilting machine to stop and the chassis steel structure to stagnate in the air, severely restricting the progress of the entire production line. In this situation, additional overhead cranes are needed to lift the suspended underframe and repair or replace the tilting machine. This not only consumes manpower, resources, and money, but may also occupy overhead crane resources, disrupting and delaying the production rhythm of the entire production line, leading to a decline in production efficiency and greater economic losses. Summary of the Invention
[0006] To address the issue of existing underframe side beams having smooth outer walls with rounded chamfers, the existing lifting hook structure, even with the assistance of conventional clamps, is prone to slippage. Furthermore, the conventional hook structure lacks versatility and cannot accommodate both straight and inclined side beam structures. Simultaneously, the lifting slings lack effective positioning fixtures at their application points, resulting in the slings acting directly on the underframe side beams through static friction during lifting. When the lifting heights or translational speeds of the two overhead cranes are inconsistent, the underframe is prone to slippage under gravity due to overcoming static friction, potentially leading to collisions. This invention addresses the technical problems of safety accidents involving underframe workpieces or personnel; and the tendency for the underframe to suddenly tip over to the other side when using a belt-type electric tilting machine to tilt the underframe, impacting or even damaging the tilting machine. This necessitates the use of additional overhead cranes to lift the underframe suspended in the air and to repair or replace the tilting machine, resulting in wasted manpower, material resources, and financial losses. It can even severely occupy overhead crane resources, disrupt and delay the production rhythm of the entire production line, leading to decreased production efficiency and greater economic losses. The present invention provides a special lifting tool for train underframes and its method of use.
[0007] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve the technical problem is as follows:
[0008] Special lifting tool for train underframe, including two sling shackle mechanisms and steel wire ropes. The shackle mechanism includes a shackle and a shackle connecting rod which are pivotally connected to each other. The two ends of the steel wire rope are respectively connected to a corresponding shackle link by shackle; the characteristics are as follows: The lifting tool also includes an integrated outer hook, a pressing block hook, multiple bolt fasteners, an inner hook tongue, a splint hook seat, an inner inclined block of the wing surface, an outer inclined block of the wing surface, two sets of turnbuckle cross-connecting mechanisms and a pulling link; the bottom of the pressing block hook is detachably fixed to the middle section of the upper part of the integrated outer hook by two bolt fasteners and together form a multi-functional hook integrated seat in the shape of a Chinese character "匚".
[0009] The rear end of the inner inclined block of the wing surface is fixed to the side wall end surface of the upper part of the splint hook seat by multiple bolt fasteners and together form an inner inclined surface support mechanism of the wing surface;
[0010] When the outer inclined block of the wing surface is detachably fixed to the vertical end surface of the integrated outer hook, the inner inclined surface support mechanism of the wing surface, the outer inclined block of the wing surface and the multi-functional hook integrated seat together form a bevel beam wing surface clamping hook;
[0011] When the inner hook tongue is detachably fixed to the lower part of the hook head of the integrated outer hook by at least two bolt fasteners, the inner hook tongue replaces the inner inclined surface support mechanism of the wing surface and the outer inclined block of the wing surface, and the inner hook tongue and the multi-functional hook integrated seat together form a straight beam hook mechanism;
[0012] The rear end of the upper part of the integrated outer hook is pivotally connected to the shackle connecting rod by a bolt fastener, and the front end of the upper part of the pressing block hook is pivotally connected to the other end of the corresponding turnbuckle cross-connecting mechanism; the two ends of the pulling link are respectively pivotally connected to a corresponding turnbuckle cross-connecting mechanism, and the three of them together form a turnbuckle cross-connecting pulling device.
[0013] The integrated outer hook includes a double-clamp horizontal hook head, hook body, double-clamp hook tail, outer pad vertical plate, limiting block, and reinforcing rib block. The double-clamp hook tail is located on the outer side above the double-clamp horizontal hook head and is connected to the double-clamp horizontal hook head through the hook body; all three are integrally formed. A set of through-holes for the hook head double-clamp bolts is horizontally opened in the middle of the side wall of the double-clamp horizontal hook head. The outer rear side of the hook body is inclined, and the vertically arranged outer pad vertical plate is fixed to the inner side of the hook body and perpendicular to the upper end face of the double-clamp horizontal hook head. The limiting block spans across and is fixed to the upper end face of the double-clamp hook tail and is adjacent to the outer pad vertical plate. The reinforcing block spans across and is fixed to the inclined surface on the outer rear side of the hook body; multiple stud holes are provided on the vertical front end face of the outer pad block vertical plate; two sets of bolt holes are provided on the side wall of the middle section of the upper edge of the double-clamp hook tail; a set of double-clamp pivot bolt holes are provided at the end of the tail of the double-clamp hook tail, which are connected to the two double-clamp pivot bolt holes respectively to form a hook tail pivot seat; the lower end of the shackle connecting rod is inserted into the double-clamp slit of the double-clamp hook tail and is rotatably connected to the hook tail pivot seat through the bolt fastener; the lower end of the pressure block hook is inserted into the gap of the clamp plate in the middle section of the double-clamp hook tail and is fixed by multiple bolt fasteners.
[0014] The pressure block hook includes a pressure block hook base plate, a side beam wing surface anti-rotation stop, and a crash pad wooden block. The pressure block hook base plate is L-shaped, including an L-shaped vertical insert plate and an L-shaped horizontal cantilever. The end of the L-shaped vertical insert plate has two pressure block hook positioning screw holes. The end of the L-shaped vertical insert plate is inserted into the gap of the clamping plate in the middle section of the double clamping plate hook tail. The two pressure block hook positioning screw holes are fixedly connected to two sets of bolt holes on the side wall of the double clamping plate hook tail by corresponding bolt fasteners. The end of the L-shaped horizontal cantilever has a bridging mechanism connection hole. The turnbuckle bridging mechanism is axially connected to the bridging mechanism connection hole. The side beam wing surface anti-rotation stop is welded and fixedly connected to the horizontal end face of the L-shaped horizontal cantilever of the base plate. The crash pad wooden block is fixedly connected to the edge line at the outer corner of the L-shaped vertical insert plate of the base plate.
[0015] The inner hook tongue includes an inner hook base steel plate, a side beam wing surface edge stop, and a side beam wing surface outer wall stop. The inner hook base steel plate is in the shape of the letter "J" or the Chinese character "乚", and its steel plate thickness matches the width of the double splint gap on the horizontal hook head of the double splint. The side beam wing surface outer wall stop is welded and fixed inside the hooked structure in the shape of "J" on the inner hook base steel plate, and the side beam wing surface edge stop is welded on the vertical side of the "J" shape on the inner hook base steel plate. The end faces of the inner hook base steel plate, the side beam wing surface edge stop, and the side beam wing surface outer wall stop are mutually perpendicular to each other. A plurality of inner hook insertion screw holes are provided in the middle of the side wall of the inner hook base steel plate. The horizontal hook head double splint bolt holes and the inner hook insertion screw holes are fixedly connected by at least two bolt fasteners, and the upper end face of the double splint horizontal hook head is parallel to the vertical side of the "J" shape on the inner hook base steel plate.
[0016] The splint hook seat is a steel plate in the shape of the letter "C" with a horizontal side groove in the middle. The upper half of the grooved splint hook seat is an inner cushion mounting seat, and the lower half of the grooved splint hook seat is an inner hook insertion screw hole plate. A plurality of inner hook insertion screw hole groups are provided on the inner hook insertion screw hole plate. The horizontal hook head double splint bolt holes and the inner hook insertion screw hole groups are fixedly connected by at least two bolt fasteners, and the upper end face of the double splint horizontal hook head is parallel to the side groove. Horizontally rectangular positioning splints are respectively welded and fixed on the upper and lower side walls of the middle section of the side groove. The two rectangular positioning splints are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the side wall end face of the splint hook seat. The rear end of the inner inclined block of the wing surface is detachably connected to the longitudinal through hole array on the inner cushion mounting seat by a plurality of bolt fasteners.
[0017] The turnbuckle cross-connecting mechanism includes a double-screw-hole turnbuckle bracket and two screw rods. Two screw holes with opposite thread rotation directions are provided at both ends of the double-screw-hole turnbuckle bracket, and the two screw rods are respectively threadedly connected to the screw holes at both ends of the double-screw-hole turnbuckle bracket. A bolt rotating shaft seat is provided at the other end of the screw rod. One bolt rotating shaft seat of the turnbuckle cross-connecting mechanism is rotatably connected to the pulling connecting rod by a pin shaft, and the other bolt rotating shaft seat of the turnbuckle cross-connecting mechanism is axially connected to the cross-connecting mechanism connection hole. The left and right turnbuckle cross-connecting mechanisms share the same pulling connecting rod.
[0018] The front end face of the inner inclined block of the wing surface is the inner clamping cushion block, and the front end face of the outer inclined block of the wing surface is the outer clamping cushion block. The end faces of the inner clamping cushion block and the outer clamping cushion block are parallel, and the width of the wing surface clamping slit between them is D3. The distance value between the two rectangular positioning clamping plates is D2, and D2 = D3 = 105%D1; the inclination angle formed by the wing surface clamping slit and the end face of the rectangular positioning clamping plate is β, and β = α; the length value of the upper end face of the double clamping plate horizontal hook head is L2, and 105%L1 ≤ L2 ≤ 110%L1; the slotting length of the lateral notch is the same as the length value of the upper end face of the double clamping plate horizontal hook head; the height of the inner inclined block of the wing surface is H2, the height of the outer inclined block of the wing surface is H3, H2 = H3, and 70%H1 ≤ H2 ≤ 90%H1; the horizontal distance value from the vertical plate of the outer cushion block to the stop on the outer side wall of the side beam wing surface is d1, and 105%L1 ≤ d1 ≤ 110%L1; the height difference from the edge stop of the side beam wing surface to the anti-rotation stop of the side beam wing surface is h1, and 105%H1 ≤ h1 ≤ 110%H1. The length of the pulling connecting rod is 80% of the length value of the main cross beam of the underframe.
[0019] The main structure of the integrated outer hook is composed of two completely identical horizontal and inclined hook-shaped steel plates, and the shape of the steel plate is either approximately the horizontal folding hook structure of the Chinese character "fei" or approximately the shape of the Chinese character "yi"; the clamping slits of the double clamping plate horizontal hook head and the double clamping plate hook tail can also be formed by milling and slotting processes on a whole horizontal and inclined thick hook-shaped steel plate, while eliminating the reinforcement welding of the reinforcing rib blocks.
[0020] A method for flipping the underframe based on a special lifting tool for the train underframe, characterized in that: the method includes the following steps:
[0021] When flipping the straight side beam underframe, the process is as follows:
[0022] Step 1: Assemble the special lifting tool of the present invention into the structural form of a straight side beam hook mechanism;
[0023] Step 2: Use conventional industrial clamps to additionally install temporary limiting baffles inclined outward on both sides at positions near the lower edge of the side beam on both sides of the original underframe horizontal tooling. The left inclined limiting baffle and the right inclined limiting baffle are mirror-symmetrical about the midline of the horizontal tooling;
[0024] Step 3: First, move the two overhead cranes to the right side of the horizontal fixture, and connect the two special lifting devices of this invention, which are mounted on the right side beam of the base frame, to the overhead cranes one by one through their respective closed-loop lifting straps. Then, start the two overhead cranes simultaneously, and slowly tighten and shorten the length of the closed-loop lifting straps to lift the side beam of the base frame on the side where the right inclined limit baffle is located. At the same time, let the side beam of the base frame on the left side of the horizontal fixture hang down naturally under the action of gravity and abut against the left inclined limit baffle to prevent it from slipping off the left side of the horizontal fixture. As the angle between the base frame and the horizontal plane gradually increases, slowly move the two overhead cranes to the left side of the horizontal fixture, so that the base frame is in a state of slowly rotating counterclockwise with the left inclined limit baffle as the fulcrum and rotation axis until the base frame is vertically suspended near the left inclined limit baffle. Stop the movement of the overhead cranes and the lifting of the closed-loop lifting straps.
[0025] Step 4: Using two overhead cranes, slowly and steadily move the base frame from the left side of the horizontal fixture back to the right side of the horizontal fixture in a vertically suspended position. Then slowly release and increase the length of the closed-loop sling until the side beam at the bottom of the suspended base frame slowly slides down the inclined surface of the right-side inclined limit baffle to the right end face of the horizontal fixture and is supported.
[0026] Step 5: Move the two overhead cranes slowly and slightly to the left of the horizontal fixture again, so that the upper part of the suspended base frame tilts slightly to the left.
[0027] Step 6: Simultaneously and slowly release and increase the length of the closed-loop sling, and make the two overhead cranes move slowly to the left side of the horizontal fixture in sync. The base frame is then slowly rotated counterclockwise with the horizontal fixture end face at the inner root of the right inclined limit baffle as the support point and the rotation axis until it is completely restored to a horizontal position and placed flat on the horizontal fixture, thereby achieving the complete flipping of the straight edge beam base frame.
[0028] When flipping the inclined beam base frame, the special lifting tool of the present invention is assembled into an inclined beam wing surface clamping hook, and the process of steps two to six can be repeated to complete the complete flipping of the inclined beam.
[0029] The angle between the inclined limiting baffle and the direction of the plumb bob is 70 to 80 degrees, with a preferred angle of 75 degrees; when flipping the base frame, the wire rope adopts a shorter closed-loop sling.
[0030] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: For the special sling for the train underframe, the horizontal hook head double splint bolt holes on the integrated outer hook can be inserted into the inner hook plugging screw holes in a way of selectively matching the screw hole position relationship and connected by bolts in a detachable manner, so as to change the distance value d1 from the vertical plate of the outer cushion block to the stop on the outer wall of the side beam wing surface and adjust the position of the stop on the outer wall of the side beam wing surface adaptively at the edge, so that the stop on the outer wall of the side beam wing surface can be limited and clamped on the outer wall of the straight side beam wing surface G1-1 side line. The vertical plate of the outer cushion block is in contact with the outer wall of the straight side beam web G1-2. The straight side beam wing surface G1-1 at the lower part of the side beam is supported by the edge stop of the side beam wing surface, while the straight side beam wing surface G1-1 at the upper part of the side beam is pressed by the anti-rotation stop of the side beam wing surface and realizes corner self-locking. This structural design enables the Chinese character C-shaped structure of the present invention to completely fix the straight side beam G1 inside its structure and bear all the gravity loads of the side beam and the underframe in various flipping postures during the hoisting and flipping of the underframe.
[0031] The L-shaped horizontal cantilever of the base plate is rotationally connected to the turnbuckle bolt cross-connecting mechanism through the cross-connecting mechanism connection hole and bolts. The left and right turnbuckle bolt cross-connecting mechanisms share the same pulling connecting rod. Thus, by rotating the double-screw-hole turnbuckle bolt frame, the screw rods at both ends can approach each other under the action of the screw principle, and then by tightening the turnbuckle bolt cross-pulling device D, the left and right hook locking devices C can be pulled against each other. This structural design can counteract the stress applied to the straight side beam wing surface G1-1 side line by the stop on the outer wall of the side beam wing surface, thereby reducing the risk of tearing and welding separation between the straight side beam wing surface G1-1 and the cross beam during the flipping process, and further enhancing the protection of the underframe during the flipping hoisting process.
[0032] For the special sling for the train underframe, the vertically arranged outer inclined block of the wing surface is fixedly connected to the vertical front end surface of the vertical plate of the outer cushion block in a detachable manner. The splint hook seat is a C-shaped steel plate with a horizontal side groove in the middle, and its side groove is parallel to the upper end surface of the double splint horizontal hook head; horizontally rectangular positioning splints are respectively welded and fixedly connected to the upper and lower side walls of the middle section of the side groove. The distance value D2 between the two rectangular positioning splints is 105%D1, and the length value of the upper end surface of the horizontal hook head is L2, and 105%L1 ≤ L2 ≤ 110%L1, so that any straight side beam wing surface G1-1 of the straight side beam or any inclined side beam wing surface G2-1 of the inclined side beam can be horizontally inserted into the side groove from the side opening end of the side groove and clamped and limited by the upper and lower two rectangular positioning splints.
[0033] On the other hand, the end faces of both the inner clamping pad and the outer clamping pad are parallel, and the width of the wing surface clamping slit P between them is D3, and D3 = 105%D1. The inclination angle between the wing surface clamping slit P and the end face of the rectangular positioning clamping plate is β = α. The height of the inner clamping pad is H2, and the height of the outer clamping pad is H3. H2 = H3, and 70%H1 ≤ H2 ≤ 90%H1. The parameter settings of this dimension chain enable the inner clamping pad to be embedded between the inner spaces of the upper and lower wing surfaces of the side beam, and enable the inner wing inclined block and the outer wing inclined block to clamp and position the straight side beam web G1-2 or the inclined side beam web G2-2 from the inner and outer sides respectively.
[0034] Since the inclination angles and dimension parameters of the inner wing inclined block and the outer wing inclined block are prefabricated according to the sizes and shapes of the inclined side beams of different models of chassis, they can be temporarily matched and replaced according to the actual engineering needs, so that the special lifting tool of the present invention can clamp and position any straight side beam chassis or inclined side beam with any inclination angle and dimension parameters, and completely overcome the problems that due to the smooth outer side wall of the side beam and the presence of rib line round chamfers, conventional clamps are prone to slip; and the old method of simply lifting the chassis and side beam based on the static friction of the sling, when the lifting heights or translation hoisting speeds of the two overhead cranes are inconsistent, it is easy to cause the chassis to slide under the action of gravity to overcome the static friction, thus triggering safety accidents such as bumping workpieces or injuring personnel.
[0035] The rear end of the inner wing inclined block is fixedly connected to the side wall end face of the upper part of the clamping plate hook seat through a plurality of bolt fasteners and together constitutes an inner wing inclined surface support mechanism A. When the outer wing inclined block is fixedly connected to the vertical end face of the integrated outer hook in a detachable manner, the inner wing inclined surface support mechanism A, the outer wing inclined block and the multi-functional hook integrated seat together constitute an inclined side beam wing surface clamping hook B. When the inner hook tongue is fixedly connected to the lower part of the hook head of the integrated outer hook in a detachable manner through at least two bolt fasteners, the inner hook tongue replaces the inner wing inclined surface support mechanism A and the outer wing inclined block, and the inner hook tongue and the multi-functional hook integrated seat together constitute a straight side beam hook mechanism C. The main structure of the integrated outer hook is approximately in the shape of the Chinese character 'yi', the inner hook base steel plate is in the shape of the letter 'J' or the Chinese character 'hao' in the shape of a vertical hook, the pressing block hook base plate is in the shape of the letter 'L', and the pressing block hook is fixedly connected to the double clamping plate hook tail on the upper part of the integrated outer hook in a detachable manner. This structural design makes the straight side beam hook mechanism C or the inclined side beam wing surface clamping hook B formed by further selectively assembling based on the multi-functional hook integrated seat both in the shape of a single-sided open letter 'C' or the Chinese character 'fang', and this Chinese character 'fang' shape can just match the outer contour shape of any side beam G, so as to be used for clamping and positioning any side beam G, and completely overcome the problem that due to the smooth outer side wall of the side beam and the presence of rib line round chamfers, conventional clamps are prone to slip.
[0036] Based on the underframe tilting method of the special lifting tool for train underframe of this invention, two sets of lifting tools of this invention are used in conjunction with two corresponding overhead cranes. This not only enables horizontal lifting of the four corners of the wide underframe, but also allows for arbitrary tilting of the underframe in both upright and reverse positions without the need for a tilting machine. Furthermore, taking into full account the weight of the underframe and feasible support positions in the tooling, an auxiliary positioning baffle is designed. A slow-speed tilting method is adopted throughout the process, with the overhead crane shifting and the lifting tool extension / retraction length control working in tandem. This completely avoids the various malfunctions and risks that easily occur when tilting the underframe using a tilting machine. Therefore, it not only eliminates the manpower, material resources, and financial losses required for repairing and replacing the tilting machine, but also significantly simplifies the production process, improves the utilization efficiency of overhead crane resources, increases the production cycle of the entire production line, thereby improving production efficiency and creating economic value.
[0037] In addition, the special lifting device for train chassis of the present invention has the advantages of simple and practical structure, convenient operation, low cost, and easy promotion and popularization. Attached Figure Description
[0038] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the existing base frame side beams and its corresponding front view;
[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the existing base frame's straight and inclined beams;
[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly relationship between the existing shackle mechanism and the wire rope;
[0041] Figure 4 This is an assembly diagram showing the relationship between the existing shackle mechanism and wire rope and the special lifting device for the train underframe of this invention;
[0042] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the core component of the special lifting device for the train chassis of the present invention;
[0043] Figure 6 These are perspective views and front views of the outer hook of the present invention;
[0044] Figure 7 These are perspective views of the pressure block hook of the present invention in a horizontal position and a front view in a flipped position;
[0045] Figure 8 These are a perspective view of the inner hook tongue of the present invention in a horizontal position and a front view in a vertical position;
[0046] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the inclined beam flange clamping hook of the present invention and its exploded assembly schematic diagram;
[0047] Figure 10This is an exploded assembly diagram of the clamp hook seat and the inner inclined block of the wing surface of the present invention;
[0048] Figure 11 yes Figure 10 The main view;
[0049] Figure 12 This is a front view of the inner and outer wing oblique blocks of the present invention forming a clamping slit;
[0050] Figure 13 This is a front view of the inclined beam flange clamping hook of the present invention;
[0051] Figure 14 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the turnbuckle bridging and pulling device of the present invention;
[0052] Figure 15 This is an exploded assembly diagram of the integrated outer hook and shackle mechanism and the outer inclined block of the wing surface of the present invention.
[0053] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly relationship between the straight-edge beam hook mechanism and the turnbuckle bridging mechanism of the present invention;
[0054] Figure 17 This is an application diagram illustrating the use of two sets of overhead cranes in conjunction with two sets of special lifting tools for the train underframe of this invention and their four straight-side beam hook mechanisms to horizontally lift the four corners of the straight-side beam underframe;
[0055] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the assembly principle of the straight-edge beam lifting hook mechanism when lifting a straight-edge beam on the base frame.
[0056] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the initial state when using two sets of overhead cranes in conjunction with two sets of special lifting tools for the train underframe of this invention and their four straight side beam hook mechanisms to flip and lift the same straight side beam on the underframe.
[0057] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application principle of using two sets of overhead cranes in conjunction with two sets of special lifting tools for train underframes of this invention to flip the straight-side beam underframe from the initial lifting to the suspension process.
[0058] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application principle of using two sets of overhead cranes in conjunction with two sets of special lifting devices for the train underframe of this invention to tilt and further flip the straight-side beam underframe before lowering it again.
[0059] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the assembly principle when using the inclined beam flange clamping hook of this invention to replace the straight beam hook mechanism for hoisting or flipping the inclined beam base frame. Detailed Implementation
[0060] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0061] As Figures 3 to 22 shown, the special sling for the train underframe of the present invention includes a shackle mechanism E for two slings and a steel wire rope F. The shackle mechanism E includes a shackle E-1 and a shackle connecting rod E-2 that are pivotally connected to each other. The two ends of the steel wire rope F are respectively connected to the link shackles of a corresponding shackle E-1; The characteristics are as follows: The sling further includes an integrated outer hook 1, a press block hook 2, a plurality of bolt fasteners 3, an inner hook tongue 4, a splint hook seat 5, a wing surface inner inclined block 6, a wing surface outer inclined block 7, two sets of turnbuckle cross-connecting mechanisms 8, and a pulling link 9; The bottom of the press block hook 2 is detachably fixed to the middle section of the upper part of the integrated outer hook 1 through two bolt fasteners 3 and together form a multi-functional hook integrated seat in the shape of a Chinese character "匚";
[0062] The rear end of the wing surface inner inclined block 6 is fixedly connected to the side wall end surface of the upper part of the splint hook seat 5 through a plurality of bolt fasteners 3 and together form a wing surface inner inclined plane support mechanism A;
[0063] When the wing surface outer inclined block 7 is detachably fixed to the vertical end surface of the integrated outer hook 1, the wing surface inner inclined plane support mechanism A, the wing surface outer inclined block 7 and the multi-functional hook integrated seat together form a bevel beam wing surface clamping hook B;
[0064] When the inner hook tongue 4 is detachably fixed to the lower part of the hook head of the integrated outer hook 1 through at least two bolt fasteners 3, the inner hook tongue 4 replaces the wing surface inner inclined plane support mechanism A and the wing surface outer inclined block 7, and the inner hook tongue 4 and the multi-functional hook integrated seat together form a straight beam hook mechanism C;
[0065] The rear end of the upper part of the integrated outer hook 1 is axially connected to the shackle connecting rod E-2 through a bolt fastener 3, and the front end of the upper part of the press block hook 2 is axially connected to the other end of the corresponding turnbuckle cross-connecting mechanism 8; The two ends of the pulling link 9 are respectively axially connected to a corresponding turnbuckle cross-connecting mechanism 8, and the three of them together form a turnbuckle cross-connecting pulling device D.
[0066] The integrated outer hook 1 includes a double-clamp horizontal hook head 1-1, a hook body 1-2, a double-clamp hook tail 1-3, an outer pad vertical plate 1-4, a limiting stop 1-5, and a reinforcing rib stop 1-6. The double-clamp hook tail 1-3 is located on the outer side above the double-clamp horizontal hook head 1-1 and is connected to the double-clamp horizontal hook head 1-1 through the hook body 1-2. All three are integrally formed. A set of through hook head double-clamp bolt holes 1-1-1 are horizontally opened in the middle of the side wall of the double-clamp horizontal hook head 1-1. The outer rear side of the hook body 1-2 is inclined. The vertically arranged outer pad vertical plate 1-4 is fixed to the inner side of the hook body 1-2 and is perpendicular to the upper end face of the double-clamp horizontal hook head 1-1. The limiting stop 1-5 spans across and is fixed to the upper end face of the double-clamp hook tail 1-3 and is perpendicular to the outer pad vertical plate 1-6. 4. Adjacent; the reinforcing rib block 1-6 spans and is fixed to the inclined surface of the outer rear side of the hook body 1-2; the vertical front end surface of the outer pad block vertical plate 1-4 is provided with multiple stud through holes 1-4-1; the side wall of the middle section of the upper edge of the double-clamp hook tail 1-3 is provided with two sets of bolt holes 1-3-1 that penetrate the side wall; the end of the tail of the double-clamp hook tail 1-3 is provided with a set of double-clamp pivot bolt holes 1-3-2 that penetrate the side wall, the bolt fastener 3 is rotatably connected to the two double-clamp pivot bolt holes 1-3-2 respectively and forms a hook tail pivot seat, the lower end of the shackle connecting rod E-2 is inserted into the double-clamp slit of the double-clamp hook tail 1-3, and is rotatably connected to the hook tail pivot seat through the bolt fastener 3; the lower end of the pressure block hook 2 is inserted into the gap of the clamp plate in the middle section of the double-clamp hook tail 1-3 and is fixed by multiple bolt fasteners 3.
[0067] The pressure block hook 2 includes a pressure block hook base plate 2-1, a side beam anti-rotation stop 2-2, and a collision-proof wooden block 2-3. The pressure block hook base plate 2-1 is L-shaped, including an L-shaped vertical insert plate 2-1-1 and an L-shaped horizontal cantilever 2-1-2. Two pressure block hook positioning screw holes 2-4 are provided at the ends of the L-shaped vertical insert plate 2-1-1. The ends of the L-shaped vertical insert plate 2-1-1 are inserted into the gap between the clamping plates in the middle section of the double clamping plate hook tail 1-3. Hole 2-4 is fixedly connected to the two sets of bolt holes 1-3-1 on the side wall of the double-clamp hook tail 1-3 by the corresponding bolt fastener 3; the end of the L-shaped horizontal cantilever 2-1-2 of the base plate is provided with a bridging mechanism connection hole 2-5, and the turnbuckle bridging mechanism 8 is axially connected to the bridging mechanism connection hole 2-5; the side beam anti-rotation stop 2-2 is welded and fixedly connected to the horizontal end face of the L-shaped horizontal cantilever 2-1-2 of the base plate, and the anti-collision pad wooden block 2-3 is fixedly connected to the edge line at the outer corner of the L-shaped vertical insert plate 2-1-1 of the base plate.
[0068] The inner hook tongue 4 includes an inner hook base steel plate 4-1, a side beam wing surface edge stop 4-2, and a side beam wing surface outer wall stop 4-3. The inner hook base steel plate 4-1 is in the shape of a letter 'J' or a Chinese character '乚', and its steel plate thickness matches the width of the double splint gap on the double splint horizontal hook head 1-1. The side beam wing surface outer wall stop 4-3 is welded and fixed inside the hook-shaped structure 4-1-2 of the 'J' shape on the inner hook base steel plate 4-1, and the side beam wing surface edge stop 4-2 is welded on the vertical side 4-1-1 of the 'J' shape on the inner hook base steel plate 4-1. The end faces of the inner hook base steel plate 4-1, the side beam wing surface edge stop 4-2, and the side beam wing surface outer wall stop 4-3 are mutually perpendicular to each other. A plurality of inner hook insertion screw holes 4-1-3 are provided in the middle of the side wall of the inner hook base steel plate 4-1. The horizontal hook head double splint bolt hole 1-1-1 and the inner hook insertion screw hole 4-1-3 are fixedly connected by at least two bolt fasteners 3, and the upper end face of the double splint horizontal hook head 1-1 is parallel to the vertical side of the 'J' shape on the inner hook base steel plate 4-1.
[0069] The splint hook seat 5 is a steel plate in the shape of a letter 'C' with a horizontal side groove 5-3 in the middle. The upper half of the grooved splint hook seat 5 is an inner cushion block mounting seat 5-1, and the lower half of the grooved splint hook seat 5 is an inner hook insertion screw hole plate 5-2. A plurality of inner hook insertion screw hole groups 5-2-1 are provided on the inner hook insertion screw hole plate 5-2. The horizontal hook head double splint bolt hole 1-1-1 and the inner hook insertion screw hole group 5-2-1 are fixedly connected by at least two bolt fasteners 3, and the upper end face of the double splint horizontal hook head 1-1 is parallel to the side groove 5-3. Horizontally rectangular positioning splints 5-4 are respectively welded and fixed on the upper and lower side walls of the middle section of the side groove 5-3. The two rectangular positioning splints 5-4 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the side wall end face of the splint hook seat 5. The rear end of the wing surface inner inclined block 6 is detachably fixed to the longitudinal through hole array on the inner cushion block mounting seat 5-1 by a plurality of bolt fasteners 3.
[0070] The turnbuckle cross-connecting mechanism 8 includes a double-screw-hole turnbuckle frame 8-1 and two screw rods 8-2. Two screw holes with opposite thread rotation directions are provided at both ends of the double-screw-hole turnbuckle frame 8-1, and the two screw rods 8-2 are respectively threadedly connected to the screw holes at both ends of the double-screw-hole turnbuckle frame 8-1. The other end of the screw rod 8-2 is provided with a bolt rotating shaft seat 8-3. One bolt rotating shaft seat 8-3 of the turnbuckle cross-connecting mechanism 8 is rotationally connected to the pulling connecting rod 9 by a pin shaft, and the other bolt rotating shaft seat 8-3 of the turnbuckle cross-connecting mechanism 8 is axially connected to the cross-connecting mechanism connection hole 2-5. The left and right turnbuckle cross-connecting mechanisms 8 share the same pulling connecting rod 9.
[0071] The front end face of the inner inclined block 6 of the wing surface is the inner clamping cushion block 6-1, and the front end face of the outer inclined block 7 of the wing surface is the outer clamping cushion block 7-1. The end faces of the inner clamping cushion block 6-1 and the outer clamping cushion block 7-1 are parallel, and the width of the wing surface clamping slit P between them is D3. The distance value between the two rectangular positioning clamping plates 5-4 is D2, and D2 = D3 = 105%D1. The inclination angle formed by the wing surface clamping slit P and the end face of the rectangular positioning clamping plate 5-4 is β, and β = α. The length value of the upper end face of the double clamping plate horizontal hook head 1-1 is L2, and 105%L1 ≤ L2 ≤ 110%L1. The slotting length of the lateral notch 5-3 is the same as the length value of the upper end face of the double clamping plate horizontal hook head 1-1. The height of the inner inclined block 6 of the wing surface is H2, and the height of the outer inclined block 7 of the wing surface is H3. H2 = H3, and 70%H1 ≤ H2 ≤ 90%H1. The horizontal distance value from the vertical plate 1-4 of the outer cushion block to the stop 4-3 on the outer side wall of the side beam wing surface is d1, and 105%L1 ≤ d1 ≤ 110%L1. The height difference between the edge stop 4-2 of the side beam wing surface and the anti-rotation stop 2-2 of the side beam wing surface is h1, and 105%H1 ≤ h1 ≤ 110%H1. The length of the pulling connecting rod 9 is 80% of the length value of the main cross beam of the underframe.
[0072] The main structure of the integrated outer hook 1 is composed of two completely identical horizontal and inclined hook-shaped steel plates, and the shape of the steel plate is approximately the horizontal folding hook structure similar to the Chinese character "fei" or the Z-shaped structure similar to the Chinese character "yi". The clamping plate slits of the double clamping plate horizontal hook head 1-1 and the double clamping plate hook tail 1-3 can also be formed by milling and slotting processes on a whole horizontal and inclined hook-shaped thick steel plate, and at the same time, the reinforcement welding of the reinforcement rib block 1-6 is eliminated.
[0073] When specifically applying the special lifting tool for the train underframe of the present invention to flip the underframe, its usage method includes the following steps:
[0074] When flipping the straight side beam underframe, the process is as follows:
[0075] Step 1: Assemble the special lifting tool of the present invention into the structural form of the straight side beam hook mechanism C.
[0076] Step 2: Use a conventional industrial clamp to additionally install temporary limit baffles that incline outward to both sides at positions close to the lower edge of the side beam on both sides of the original underframe horizontal tooling V. The left inclined limit baffle M and the right inclined limit baffle N are mirror-symmetrical about the midline of the horizontal tooling V.
[0077] Step 3: First, move the two overhead cranes to the right side of the horizontal fixture V, and connect the two special lifting devices of this invention, which are mounted on the right side beam of the base frame, to the overhead cranes one by one through their respective closed-loop slings F-1. Then, start the two overhead cranes simultaneously, so that they slowly tighten and shorten the length of the closed-loop slings F-1, thereby lifting the side beam of the base frame on the side where the right inclined limiting baffle N is located. At the same time, let the side beam of the base frame on the left side of the horizontal fixture V hang down naturally under the action of gravity and abut against the left inclined limiting baffle M to prevent it from slipping off the left side of the horizontal fixture V. As the angle between the base frame and the horizontal plane gradually increases, the two overhead cranes are gradually moved slowly to the left side of the horizontal fixture V, so that the base frame forms a state of slowly rotating counterclockwise with the left inclined limiting baffle M as the fulcrum and rotation axis, until the base frame is vertically suspended near the left inclined limiting baffle M, and stop the movement of the overhead cranes and the lifting of the closed-loop slings F-1.
[0078] Step 4: Using two overhead cranes, slowly and smoothly move the base frame from the left side of the horizontal fixture V back to the right side of the horizontal fixture V in a vertically suspended position. Then, slowly release and increase the length of the closed-loop sling F-1 until the side beam of the lower part of the suspended base frame slowly slides down the inclined surface of the right-side inclined limiting baffle N to the right end face of the horizontal fixture V and is supported.
[0079] Step 5: Move the two overhead cranes slowly and slightly to the left of the horizontal tooling V again, so that the upper part of the suspended base frame tilts slightly to the left.
[0080] Step 6: Simultaneously and slowly release and increase the length of the closed-loop sling F-1, and make the two overhead cranes move slowly to the left side of the horizontal fixture V in sync. The base frame is supported by the end face of the horizontal fixture V at the inner root of the right inclined limit baffle N and rotates slowly counterclockwise until it is completely restored to a horizontal position and placed flat on the horizontal fixture V, thereby achieving the complete flipping of the straight edge beam base frame.
[0081] When flipping the base frame of the inclined beam, the special lifting tool of the present invention is assembled into the inclined beam wing surface clamping hook B, and the process of steps two to six can be repeated to complete the complete flipping of the inclined beam.
[0082] The angle between the inclined limiting baffle and the direction of the plumb bob is 70 to 80 degrees, with a preferred angle of 75 degrees; when flipping the base frame, the wire rope F adopts the form of a shorter closed-loop sling F-1.
Claims
1. A special lifting device for train underframe, comprising two sling shackle mechanisms (E) and a wire rope (F), wherein each shackle mechanism (E) includes a shackle (E-1) and a shackle connecting rod (E-2) connected to each other by a pivot, and both ends of the wire rope (F) are respectively chain-connected to a corresponding shackle (E-1); characterized in that: The sling further includes an integrated outer hook (1), a clamping hook (2), a plurality of bolt fasteners (3), an inner hook tongue (4), a clamping plate hook seat (5), an inner inclined block of the wing surface (6), an outer inclined block of the wing surface (7), two sets of turnbuckle bolt cross-connecting mechanisms (8), and a pulling link (9); the bottom of the clamping hook (2) is detachably connected to the middle section of the upper part of the integrated outer hook (1) through two bolt fasteners (3) and together form a multifunctional hook integrated seat in the shape of a Chinese character "匚". The rear end of the inner inclined block of the wing surface (6) is fixedly connected to the side wall end surface of the upper part of the clamping plate hook seat (5) through a plurality of bolt fasteners (3) and together form an inner inclined surface support mechanism of the wing surface (A). When the outer inclined block of the wing surface (7) is detachably connected to the vertical end surface of the integrated outer hook (1), the inner inclined surface support mechanism of the wing surface (A), the outer inclined block of the wing surface (7), and the multifunctional hook integrated seat together form a bevel beam wing surface clamping hook (B). When the inner hook tongue (4) is detachably connected to the lower part of the hook head of the integrated outer hook (1) through at least two bolt fasteners (3), the inner hook tongue (4) replaces the inner inclined surface support mechanism of the wing surface (A) and the outer inclined block of the wing surface (7), and the inner hook tongue (4) and the multifunctional hook integrated seat together form a straight beam hook mechanism (C). The rear end of the upper part of the integrated outer hook (1) is axially connected to a shackle connecting rod (E-2) through a bolt fastener (3), and the front end of the upper part of the clamping hook (2) is axially connected to the other end of the corresponding turnbuckle bolt cross-connecting mechanism (8); the two ends of the pulling link (9) are respectively axially connected to a corresponding turnbuckle bolt cross-connecting mechanism (8), and the three of them together form a turnbuckle bolt cross-connecting and pulling device (D). The integrated outer hook (1) includes a double-clamp horizontal hook head (1-1), hook body (1-2), double-clamp hook tail (1-3), outer pad vertical plate (1-4), limiting stop (1-5), and reinforcing rib stop (1-6). The double-clamp hook tail (1-3) is located on the outer side above the double-clamp horizontal hook head (1-1) and is connected to the double-clamp horizontal hook head (1-1) through the hook body (1-2). The three are integrally formed. A set of through-holes (1-1-1) for double-clamped plates are provided in the middle of the side wall of the horizontal hook head (1-1) of the clamping plate; the outer rear side of the hook body (1-2) is inclined, and the vertically arranged outer pad vertical plate (1-4) is fixed to the inner side of the hook body (1-2) and perpendicular to the upper end face of the double-clamped plate horizontal hook head (1-1); the limiting block (1-5) spans across and is fixed to the upper end face of the double-clamped plate hook tail (1-3) and is perpendicular to the outer pad vertical plate. (1-4) Adjacent; the reinforcing rib block (1-6) spans and is fixed to the inclined surface of the outer rear side of the hook body (1-2); the vertical front end face of the outer pad block vertical plate (1-4) is provided with multiple stud through holes (1-4-1); the side wall of the middle section of the upper edge of the double-clamp hook tail (1-3) is provided with two sets of bolt holes (1-3-1) that penetrate the side wall; the end of the tail of the double-clamp hook tail (1-3) is provided with a set of double-clamp shaft bolt holes (1-4-1) that penetrate the side wall. -3-2), the bolt fastener (3) and the two double-clamp rotating shaft bolt holes (1-3-2) are respectively rotated and connected to form a hook tail rotating shaft seat. The lower end of the shackle connecting rod (E-2) is inserted into the double-clamp slit of the double-clamp hook tail (1-3) and is rotatably connected to the hook tail rotating shaft seat through the bolt fastener (3); the lower end of the pressure block hook (2) is inserted into the clamp gap in the middle section of the double-clamp hook tail (1-3) and is fixed by multiple bolt fasteners (3); The pressure block hook (2) includes a pressure block hook base plate (2-1), a side beam anti-rotation stop (2-2), and a collision-proof wooden block (2-3). The pressure block hook base plate (2-1) is L-shaped, including an L-shaped vertical insert plate (2-1-1) and an L-shaped horizontal cantilever (2-1-2). Two pressure block hook positioning screw holes (2-4) are opened at the end of the L-shaped vertical insert plate (2-1-1). The end of the L-shaped vertical insert plate (2-1-1) is inserted into the gap of the clamping plate in the middle section of the double clamping plate hook tail (1-3). (2-4) The corresponding bolt fasteners (3) are fixedly connected to the two sets of bolt holes (1-3-1) on the side wall of the double-clamp hook tail (1-3); the end of the L-shaped horizontal cantilever (2-1-2) of the base plate is provided with a bridging mechanism connection hole (2-5), and the turnbuckle bridging mechanism (8) is axially connected to the bridging mechanism connection hole (2-5); the side beam anti-rotation stop (2-2) is welded and fixedly connected to the horizontal end face of the L-shaped horizontal cantilever (2-1-2) of the base plate, and the anti-collision pad wooden block (2-3) is fixedly connected to the edge line at the outer corner of the L-shaped vertical insert plate (2-1-1) of the base plate; The inner hook tongue (4) includes an inner hook base steel plate (4-1), a side beam wing surface edge stop (4-2), and a side beam wing surface outer wall stop (4-3). The inner hook base steel plate (4-1) is in the shape of the letter 'J' or the Chinese character '乚', and its steel plate thickness matches the width of the double splint gap on the double splint horizontal hook head (1-1). The side beam wing surface outer wall stop (4-3) is welded and fixedly connected inside the hook-shaped structure (4-1-2) in the shape of 'J' on the inner hook base steel plate (4-1), and the side beam wing surface edge stop (4-2) is welded on the vertical side (4-1-1) in the shape of 'J' on the inner hook base steel plate (4-1). The end faces of the inner hook base steel plate (4-1), the side beam wing surface edge stop (4-2), and the side beam wing surface outer wall stop (4-3) are mutually perpendicular to each other. Multiple inner hook insertion screw holes (4-1-3) are provided in the middle of the side wall of the inner hook base steel plate (4-1). The horizontal hook head double splint bolt holes (1-1-1) and the inner hook insertion screw holes (4-1-3) are fixedly connected by at least two bolt fasteners (3), and the upper end face of the double splint horizontal hook head (1-1) is parallel to the vertical side in the shape of 'J' on the inner hook base steel plate (4-1). The splint hook seat (5) is a steel plate in the shape of the letter 'C' with a horizontal side groove (5-3) in the middle. The upper half of the grooved splint hook seat (5) is an inner cushion block mounting seat (5-1), and the lower half of the grooved splint hook seat (5) is an inner hook insertion screw hole plate (5-2). Multiple inner hook insertion screw hole groups (5-2-1) are provided on the inner hook insertion screw hole plate (5-2). The horizontal hook head double splint bolt holes (1-1-1) and the inner hook insertion screw hole groups (5-2-1) are fixedly connected by at least two bolt fasteners (3), and the upper end face of the double splint horizontal hook head (1-1) is parallel to the side groove (5-3). Horizontally arranged rectangular positioning splints (5-4) are respectively welded and fixedly connected to the upper and lower side walls of the middle section of the side groove (5-3). The two rectangular positioning splints (5-4) are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the side wall end face of the splint hook seat (5). The rear end of the wing surface inner inclined block (6) is detachably fixedly connected to the longitudinal through hole array on the inner cushion block mounting seat (5-1) by multiple bolt fasteners (3).
2. The special lifting device for train underframe as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The turnbuckle cross-connecting mechanism (8) includes a double-screw-hole turnbuckle bracket (8-1) and two screw rods (8-2). Two screw holes with opposite thread rotation directions are provided at both ends of the double-screw-hole turnbuckle bracket (8-1), and the two screw rods (8-2) are respectively threadedly connected to the screw holes at both ends of the double-screw-hole turnbuckle bracket (8-1). The other end of the screw rod (8-2) is provided with a bolt rotating shaft seat (8-3). One bolt rotating shaft seat (8-3) of the turnbuckle cross-connecting mechanism (8) is rotationally connected to the pulling connecting rod (9) by a pin shaft, and the other bolt rotating shaft seat (8-3) of the turnbuckle cross-connecting mechanism (8) is axially connected to the cross-connecting mechanism connection hole (2-5). The left and right turnbuckle cross-connecting mechanisms (8) share the same pulling connecting rod (9).
3. The special lifting device for train underframe as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The front end face of the inner inclined block (6) of the wing surface is the inner clamping cushion block (6-1), and the front end face of the outer inclined block (7) of the wing surface is the outer clamping cushion block (7-1). The end faces of the inner clamping cushion block (6-1) and the outer clamping cushion block (7-1) are parallel, and the width of the wing surface clamping slit (P) between them is D3. The distance value between the two rectangular positioning clamping plates (5-4) is D2, and D2 = D3 = 105%D1, where D1 is the steel plate thickness of the side beam of the chassis; the included angle between the wing surface clamping slit (P) and the end face of the rectangular positioning clamping plate (5-4) is β, and β = α, where α is the acute included angle between the web surface and the wing surface of the inclined side beam of the chassis side beam; the length value of the upper end face of the double clamping plate horizontal hook head (1-1) is L2, and 105%L1 ≤ L2 ≤ 110%L1, where L1 is the wing surface width of the straight side beam wing surface and the inclined side beam wing surface of the chassis side beam; the slotting length of the lateral notch (5-3) is the same as the length value of the upper end face of the double clamping plate horizontal hook head (1-1); the height of the inner inclined block (6) of the wing surface is H2, and the height of the outer inclined block (7) of the wing surface is H3, H2 = H3, and 70%H1 ≤ H2 ≤ 90%H1; the horizontal distance value from the vertical plate of the outer cushion block (1-4) to the stop (4-3) on the outer side wall of the side beam wing surface is d1, and 105%L1 ≤ d1 ≤ 110%L1; the height difference between the edge stop (4-2) of the side beam wing surface and the anti-rotation stop (2-2) of the side beam wing surface is h1, and 105%H1 ≤ h1 ≤ 110%H1, where H1 is the inner wall spacing value of the upper and lower two parallel straight side beam wing surfaces of the chassis side beam, and the length of the pulling connecting rod (9) is 80% of the length value of the main cross beam of the chassis.
4. The special lifting tool for train underframe as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The main structure of the integrated outer hook (1) is composed of two completely identical horizontally inclined hook-shaped steel plates, and the shape of the steel plate is approximately similar to the horizontal folding hook structure of the Chinese character "fei" or approximately similar to the shape of the Chinese character "yi"; the clamping slits of the double clamping plate horizontal hook head (1-1) and the double clamping plate hook tail (1-3) are formed on a whole horizontally inclined thick hook-shaped steel plate through milling slotting technology, and at the same time, the reinforcement welding of the reinforcing rib block (1-6) is eliminated.
5. A method for overturning the train underframe based on the special lifting device for the underframe according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: This method includes the following steps: When flipping the straight side beam chassis, the process is as follows: Step 1: Assemble the special lifting tool into the structural form of the straight side beam hook mechanism (C); Step 2: Use a conventional industrial clamp to additionally install temporary limit baffles inclined outward on both sides near the lower edge of the side beam on both sides of the original chassis horizontal tooling (V). The left inclined limit baffle (M) and the right inclined limit baffle (N) are mirror-symmetrical about the midline of the horizontal tooling (V); Step 3: First, move the two overhead cranes to the right side of the horizontal fixture (V), and connect the two sets of special lifting tools mounted on the right side frame side beam to the cranes one by one using their respective closed-loop slings (F-1); then, simultaneously start the two overhead cranes, slowly tightening and shortening the length of the closed-loop slings (F-1) to lift the side frame side beam on the right side where the inclined limit baffle (N) is located; at the same time, allow the side frame side beam on the left side of the horizontal fixture (V) to naturally sag under the action of gravity and... The two overhead cranes are gradually moved slowly to the left side of the horizontal fixture (V) as the angle between the base frame and the horizontal plane gradually increases. This causes the base frame to slowly rotate counterclockwise around the left inclined limit baffle (M) as the fulcrum and axis of rotation until the base frame is vertically suspended near the left inclined limit baffle (M), at which point the movement of the overhead cranes and the lifting of the closed-loop sling (F-1) are stopped. Step 4: Using two overhead cranes, slowly and smoothly move the base frame from the left side of the horizontal fixture (V) back to the right side of the horizontal fixture (V) in a vertically suspended position. Then, slowly release and increase the length of the closed-loop sling (F-1) until the side beam of the lower part of the suspended base frame slowly slides down the inclined surface of the right-side inclined limiting baffle (N) to the right end face of the horizontal fixture (V) and is supported. Step 5: Move the two overhead cranes slowly and slightly to the left of the horizontal fixture (V) again, so that the upper part of the suspended base frame tilts slightly to the left. Step 6: Simultaneously and slowly release and increase the length of the closed-loop sling (F-1), and make the two overhead cranes move slowly to the left side of the horizontal fixture (V) in sync. The base frame will be supported by the end face of the horizontal fixture (V) at the inner root of the right inclined limit baffle (N) and rotate slowly counterclockwise until it is completely restored to a horizontal position and placed flat on the horizontal fixture (V), thereby achieving the complete flipping of the straight edge beam base frame. When flipping the underframe of the inclined beam, assemble the special lifting tool into an inclined beam wing surface clamping hook (B), and then repeat steps two to six to complete the complete flipping of the inclined beam.
6. The chassis flipping method as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The angle between the inclined limiting baffle and the vertical direction is 70 to 80 degrees; when flipping the base frame, the wire rope (F) adopts the form of a shorter closed loop sling (F-1).
7. The chassis flipping method as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The angle between the inclined limiting baffle and the vertical direction is 75 degrees.