Loess slope comprehensive water conservancy and soil conservation method

Abstract

This invention discloses a comprehensive water regulation and soil conservation method for loess slopes, comprising the following steps: 1. Soil improvement of the loess slope and design of the slope structure, wherein the slope structure includes a buffer platform and a water-retaining slope; 2. Constructing drainage ditches, drainage pipes, or water storage channels on the slope in conjunction with the slope structure to collect and guide precipitation, water storage, and rainwater flow direction, and to prevent water accumulation on the slope surface. This method can store water in the bottom layer of the slope, preventing excessive water loss, effectively regulating water flow, and reducing the risk of soil erosion and slope erosion; it avoids direct scouring of the slope due to continuous water accumulation, increasing the stability and safety of the slope; by setting semi-circular protective block structures, it can reduce the erosion capacity of soil and water, regulate water flow, reduce the distance of sand flow, and improve the overall stability of the slope.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of environmental protection technology, and in particular to a comprehensive water regulation and soil conservation method for loess slopes. Background Technology

[0002] Loess slopes are prone to soil erosion and other problems due to natural factors such as rainfall, which seriously endanger the stability of the slopes and the surrounding ecological environment.

[0003] A search revealed that Chinese patent application number CN106284378A discloses a method for soil and water conservation on slopes in loess areas. It mentions that rainwater erosion can easily cause soil and water loss on slopes and can easily lead to collapse accidents. It also discloses technical solutions for using greening and designing slope structures.

[0004] Chinese patent application number CN111636444A discloses a method for soil and water conservation on slopes in high-altitude areas. It mentions that slopes with large gradients are difficult to repair after damage, and proposes a solution of using vegetation protection and installing protective structures on the slopes.

[0005] However, soil erosion on loess slopes is often caused by heavy rains or storms exceeding the slope's carrying capacity, or by droughts or strong winds. These conditions lead to soil erosion on loess slopes, and these conditions often alternate with time and location. When slopes are dry, the lack of water retention capacity reduces the stability of the sand and soil, resulting in erosion. When water flows, the damage caused by the erosion is often due to the accumulation of water, which causes significant damage as the erosion continues. Therefore, a comprehensive water regulation and soil conservation method is needed to solve the problems faced by loess slopes. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the deficiencies in the existing technology by proposing a comprehensive water regulation and soil conservation method for loess slopes.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A comprehensive water regulation and soil conservation method for loess slopes includes the following steps:

[0009] 1. Soil improvement of loess slopes and design of slope structures, including buffer platforms and water-retaining slopes;

[0010] 2: Construct drainage ditches, drainage pipes, or water storage channels on the slope to collect and guide the precipitation, water storage, and rainwater flow direction of the slope structure, and prevent water from accumulating on the slope surface.

[0011] 3: After setting up the slope structure on the loess slope, plant vegetation on the slope until a vegetation layer is formed on the surface. Before planting the vegetation layer, scatter gravel on the surface to form a gravel layer.

[0012] 4. Regularly maintain the slope structure and make adjustments to the slope structure in advance according to the weather, season and environment.

[0013] Furthermore, in step 1, the slope structure is specifically a stepped structure, wherein the length of the buffer platform is less than half the length of the water-retaining slope, and both the buffer platform and the water-retaining slope are provided with several evenly distributed water-retaining pipes, the bottom end of which is connected to a drainage ditch.

[0014] Furthermore, the interior of the water-retaining pipe is provided with several evenly distributed functional meshes, the bottom end of which is provided with a support that cooperates with it, and functional holes are provided on the functional meshes.

[0015] Furthermore, the buffer platform is provided with several protective plates, each having an L-shaped structure. A fixing rod is inserted through the middle of the protective plate, and an extension sleeve is fitted at the bottom of the fixing rod. When several protective plates are arranged, their sizes are proportionally enlarged or reduced and arranged at equal intervals.

[0016] Furthermore, the slope structure is provided with several evenly distributed protective blocks, each of which is a semi-circular structure and has a functional groove inside that connects to a drainage ditch.

[0017] A protective net structure is provided between each pair of protective blocks to cooperate with the buffer platform and the water-retaining slope.

[0018] Furthermore, the protective net structure includes several adjustment frames, each with a V-shaped structure. Both ends of the adjustment frame are provided with adjustment and fixing holes, and each adjustment and fixing hole has a matching fixing block inside. A connecting rope is provided between each pair of fixing blocks, and the connecting rope passes through the fixing block.

[0019] Furthermore, when several of the adjustment frames are longitudinally distributed, the adjustment frames are connected and fixed to each other by fixing blocks and connecting ropes. In the longitudinal distribution, the longitudinally corresponding adjustment frames are symmetrically distributed.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] By setting up water retention pipes and connecting them to drainage ditches, and by distributing the drainage ditches longitudinally or laterally, water can be guided and diverted in different directions. This can buffer the water flow speed, reduce the impact of the water flow, and achieve water storage. In dry weather, it can store water at the bottom of the slope, prevent excessive water loss, effectively regulate water flow, and reduce the risk of soil erosion and slope erosion.

[0022] After the vegetation layer is planted and cultivated, a protective net structure is added. By setting up the protective net structure, it is possible to quickly lay the protective net structure when the slope is suddenly protected. In addition, it can be flexibly disassembled and assembled during subsequent maintenance and adjustment. Furthermore, the protective net structure is set into a V-shaped wave shape, which can disperse the water flow and prevent the water from directly eroding the slope due to continuous water accumulation, thereby increasing the stability and safety of the slope.

[0023] By setting up a semi-circular protective block structure, the erosion capacity of water and soil can be reduced, water flow can be regulated, the distance of sand flow can be reduced, and the overall stability of the slope can be improved. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the comprehensive water regulation and soil conservation method for loess slopes proposed in this invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is an illustration of the protective plate structure and its installation in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the water-retaining pipe in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the protective block in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the combined installation of the adjustment frame in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is one of the schematic diagrams showing the connection between the drainage ditch and the water retention pipe in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a second schematic diagram showing the connection between the drainage ditch and the water retention pipe in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the slope vegetation layer and gravel layer in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] In the diagram: 1. Buffer platform; 2. Water-retaining slope; 3. Water-retaining pipe; 4. Drainage ditch; 5. Functional net; 6. Support frame; 7. Functional hole; 8. Protective plate; 9. Fixing rod; 10. Extension sleeve; 11. Protective block; 12. Functional groove; 13. Protective net structure; 14. Adjusting frame; 15. Adjusting and fixing hole; 16. Fixing block; 17. Connecting rope. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0035] Reference Figure 1-8 The comprehensive water regulation and soil conservation method for loess slopes includes the following steps:

[0036] 1: Soil improvement of loess slopes and design of slope structure, including buffer platform 1 and water-retaining slope;

[0037] 2: Construct drainage ditches, drainage pipes, or water storage channels on the slope to collect and guide the precipitation, water storage, and rainwater flow direction of the slope structure, and prevent water from accumulating on the slope surface.

[0038] 3: After setting up the slope structure on the loess slope, plant vegetation on the slope until a vegetation layer is formed on the surface. Before planting the vegetation layer, scatter gravel on the surface to form a gravel layer.

[0039] 4. Regularly maintain the slope structure and make adjustments to the slope structure in advance according to the weather, season and environment.

[0040] Example 1: Refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 In step 1, the slope structure is specifically a stepped structure, wherein the length of the buffer platform 1 is less than half the length of the water-retaining slope, and both the buffer platform 1 and the water-retaining slope 2 are provided with several evenly distributed water-retaining pipes 3, the bottom end of which is connected to a drainage ditch 4.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment of this application, the drainage ditch 4 is located inside the slope and extends through to a river or collection point;

[0042] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7 In another preferred embodiment of this application, the drainage ditch 4 is arranged longitudinally or laterally at intervals on the slope, with an opening at the top of the drainage ditch, and the water-retaining pipe 3 extends to the bottom of the drainage ditch 4 through a multi-segment connection design.

[0043] In a specific embodiment of this application, the water-retaining pipe 3 is provided with a plurality of uniformly distributed functional meshes 5 inside, the bottom end of the functional meshes 5 is provided with a support 6 that cooperates with it, and functional holes 7 are provided on the functional meshes 5.

[0044] It is easy to see from the above design that the buffer platform 1 and the water-retaining slope 2 form a terraced structure through a stepped structure, which can buffer the water flow and reduce the water flow speed.

[0045] In practice, the water-retaining pipes 3 are distributed in an equidistant array. The distribution spacing is adjusted according to the average rainfall in December in the region. The water-retaining pipes 3 have planar recesses set according to the spacing, and are funnel-shaped around them.

[0046] The water retention pipe 3 is designed to allow backflow, enabling water to flow from the water retention pipe 3 to the drainage ditch 4 and then out through the drainage ditch 4. In addition, a functional mesh 5 is designed to filter impurities and prevent the water retention pipe 3 from being blocked. During installation, the functional mesh 5 is supported by the bracket 6 as it is installed layer by layer into the water retention pipe 3, forming gaps to facilitate installation and removal. Furthermore, the functional mesh 5 is provided with functional holes 7, which are used to insert rod-shaped objects of suitable diameter and rotate the functional mesh 5 to allow movement through the functional mesh 5, thereby eliminating blockages.

[0047] Reference Figure 2 In a specific embodiment of this application, the buffer platform 1 is provided with a plurality of protective plates 8. The protective plates 8 are L-shaped structures. A fixing rod 9 is inserted through the middle of the protective plates 8. An extension sleeve 10 is fitted at the bottom of the fixing rod 9. When the plurality of protective plates 8 are arranged, their sizes are enlarged or reduced proportionally and arranged at equal intervals.

[0048] The protective plates 8 are arranged in a V-shaped array on the buffer platform 1;

[0049] The protective plates 8 are distributed in a rectangular array on the buffer platform 1.

[0050] It is not difficult to see from the above design that when the buffer platform 1 is implemented, several protective plates 8 are installed on it. The protective plates 8 are inserted into the extension sleeve 10 through the fixing rod 9 to form a support body. After being inserted into the buffer platform 1, they are fixed. The protective plates 8 will rotate around the fixing rod 9. If the fixing rod 9 is inserted too deeply, the slope of the buffer platform 1 can be used to prevent it from rotating. In this way, quick adjustment can also be achieved.

[0051] In addition, the size of the protective plate 8 increases proportionally along the direction of water flow. The protective plate 8 can be used to form stepped or grid-like structures by using different fixed angles of the L-shape, so as to guide the water flow or protect the soil and water. Since the water flow is often relatively continuous, the height of the protective plate 8 is set no higher than the maximum water level. In other words, the protective plate 8 is mainly used to prevent excessive soil and water loss. When the water flow is too large, it is used to protect sand and soil from loss and guide the water flow trajectory.

[0052] Example 2: Refer to Figure 4 Based on Embodiment 1, the slope structure is provided with a number of evenly distributed protective blocks 11. The protective blocks 11 are semi-circular structures, and functional grooves 12 that connect to the drainage channel 4 are opened in the protective blocks 11. The angle of the functional grooves 12 is offset along the direction of water flow.

[0053] Both the functional trough 12 and the drainage ditch 4 are filled with gravel.

[0054] A protective net structure 13 is provided between each pair of protective blocks 11 to cooperate with the buffer platform 1 and the water-retaining slope 2.

[0055] It is easy to see from the above design that the slope structure is designed with several protective blocks 11. Because the protective block 11 is a semi-circular structure, the water flow characteristics will flow along the outer wall of the semi-circle during the water flow process. The sand and soil in it will be blocked by the protective block 11. When the sand and soil are gradually accumulated and exceed the highest horizontal position of the protective block 11, it will flow to the next protective block 11, and so on. After that, the two protective blocks 11 can block most of the sand and soil carried by the water flow without affecting the water flow, thus forming a guiding and preventing sand and soil flow.

[0056] In addition, the protective block 11 is also provided with a functional groove 12. The functional groove 12 is located on the outer wall of the protective block 11 and at the arc below the water level. Through this design, the water flow can enter the drainage channel 4 through the functional groove 12 to reduce the energy of the water flow. The sand in the water flow has a large mass, and the potential energy of the sand when the water flow drives the sand to break through the highest plane of the protective block 11 will reduce the possibility of the sand entering the functional groove 12, thereby reducing the water flow velocity and reducing water accumulation.

[0057] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 5 In a specific embodiment of this application, the protective net structure 13 includes several adjustment frames 14. The adjustment frame 14 has a V-shaped structure. Both ends of the adjustment frame 14 are provided with adjustment fixing holes 15. The interior of the adjustment fixing hole 15 is provided with a matching fixing block 16. A connecting rope 17 is provided between each pair of fixing blocks 16. The connecting rope 17 passes through the fixing block 16.

[0058] In a specific embodiment of this application,

[0059] When the adjustment frames 14 are distributed longitudinally, each pair of adjustment frames 14 is connected and fixed by a fixing block 16 and a connecting rope 17. In the longitudinal distribution, the longitudinally corresponding pairs of adjustment frames 14 are symmetrically distributed.

[0060] It is easy to see from the above design that the protective net is composed of several adjustable frames 14 connected together, forming a wave-shaped line of adjustable frames 14. Along the direction of water flow, the opening positions of the adjustable frames 14 are staggered. When the water flows through, it converges at the V-shaped point, and then the water flow is dispersed again by the inverted V-shaped structure of the next layer. This is to avoid concentrated damage to the slope by the water flow and to protect the sand and soil of the slope, preventing excessive loss of sand and soil. The water flow is dispersed and not concentrated, and the potential energy cannot be accumulated, so it is difficult to continuously cause excessive damage to the sand and soil.

[0061] Reference Figure 5 Furthermore, when the adjustment frames 14 are arranged in a staggered pattern, they are connected and fixed to the connecting ropes 17 through fixing holes, providing an elastic connection. During installation, disassembly, and daily use, the longitudinally distributed adjustment frames 14 have elastic movement space when pulled, shaken, or moved by impact, which facilitates installation and disassembly. After the protection is completed, the protective net can be lifted from the sand or the sand can be shaken off by shaking, which is better for maintenance and adjustment. In addition, because of the combined structure, during use, it is possible to locally strengthen or weaken the structure according to different implementation methods and implementation environments, increasing the flexibility of use.

[0062] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive water regulation and soil conservation method for loess slopes, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Soil improvement is carried out on the loess slope and the slope structure is designed, including a buffer platform (1) and a water-retaining slope. Step 2: Construct drainage ditches, drainage pipes, or water storage channels on the slope to collect and guide the precipitation, water storage, and rainwater flow direction of the slope structure, and prevent water from accumulating on the slope surface. Step 3: After setting up the slope structure on the loess slope, plant vegetation on the slope until a vegetation layer is formed on the surface. Before planting the vegetation layer, scatter gravel on the surface to form a gravel layer. Step 4: Regularly maintain the slope structure and make adjustments to the slope structure in advance according to the weather, season and environment; In step 1, the slope structure is specifically a stepped structure, wherein the length of the buffer platform (1) is less than half the length of the water-retaining slope, and both the buffer platform (1) and the water-retaining slope (2) are provided with several evenly distributed water-retaining pipes (3), and the bottom end of the water-retaining pipes (3) is connected to a drainage ditch (4). The water-retaining pipe (3) has several evenly distributed functional meshes (5) inside, and the bottom end of the functional meshes (5) is provided with a support (6) that cooperates with it. Functional holes (7) are opened on the functional meshes (5). The buffer platform (1) is provided with several protective plates (8). The protective plates (8) are L-shaped structures. A fixing rod (9) is inserted in the middle of the protective plates (8). An extension sleeve (10) is fitted at the bottom of the fixing rod (9). When several protective plates (8) are arranged, their sizes are enlarged or reduced proportionally and arranged at equal intervals. The slope structure is provided with a number of evenly distributed protective blocks (11). The protective blocks (11) are semi-circular structures, and the protective blocks (11) are provided with functional grooves (12) that connect to the drainage channel (4). A protective net structure (13) is provided between each pair of protective blocks (11) to cooperate with the buffer platform (1) and the water-retaining slope (2). The protective net structure (13) includes several adjustment frames (14). The adjustment frame (14) is a V-shaped structure. Both ends of the adjustment frame (14) are provided with adjustment fixing holes (15). The interior of the adjustment fixing hole (15) is provided with a matching fixing block (16). A connecting rope (17) is provided between each pair of fixing blocks (16). The connecting rope (17) passes through the fixing block (16). When the several adjustment frames (14) are distributed longitudinally, the two adjustment frames (14) are connected and fixed by the fixing block (16) and the connecting rope (17). When distributed longitudinally, the two longitudinally corresponding adjustment frames (14) are symmetrically distributed.

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