Windshield and method for manufacturing the same, vehicle

Abstract

The application provides a windshield, a preparation method thereof and a vehicle. The windshield comprises an outer glass plate, an intermediate layer and an inner glass plate. The windshield is provided with a weakened area. The weakened area comprises a first weakened area. An adult head impactor is used to test the first weakened area. The adult head impactor has a first head injury criterion HIC1 within 0-15 ms after impacting the first weakened area. The weakened area further comprises a second weakened area. An adult head impactor is used to test the second weakened area. The adult head impactor has a second head injury criterion HIC2 within 0-15 ms after impacting the second weakened area. HIC1 < HIC2 and HIC2 < 1000. The windshield is weakened in sections. When a pedestrian collides with the vehicle, the impact protection of the pedestrian and the impact protection of the people in the vehicle can be considered, and the comprehensive safety performance of the windshield is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of vehicle parts technology, and in particular to a windshield and its manufacturing method, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Since their inception, vehicles have been a vital mode of transportation for humankind. However, with socio-economic development and the continuous upgrading of the vehicle industry, collisions caused by right-of-way issues have become increasingly severe and their numbers are rising rapidly. Consequently, the demand for vehicle safety is constantly increasing, as is the demand for the safety performance of the glass used in vehicles. Currently, in pedestrian protection tests for vehicle safety, vehicle windshields are not pedestrian-friendly. In the event of a collision, the pedestrian's head impacts the windshield until it shatters, and the pedestrian's head is likely to come into contact with the vehicle's dashboard, causing secondary injuries. While reducing the strength of the windshield can decrease the head injury suffered by pedestrians in a collision, it cannot simultaneously guarantee the safety of occupants inside the vehicle. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a windshield that can solve the technical problem of ensuring the safety of vehicle occupants while failing to reduce head injuries to pedestrians.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides a windshield, the windshield comprising an outer glass panel, an intermediate layer and an inner glass panel, the outer glass panel having opposing first and second surfaces, the inner glass panel having opposing third and fourth surfaces, the second surface and the third surface being opposite to each other, and the intermediate layer being connected between the second surface and the third surface;

[0005] The windshield is provided with a weakened area, which includes a first weakened area. The first weakened area is tested using an adult head impactor. The adult head impactor has a first head injury index (HIC1) within 0-15ms after impacting the first weakened area.

[0006] The weakened area also includes a second weakened area. The second weakened area is tested using an adult head-shaped impactor. The adult head-shaped impactor has a second head injury index HIC2 within 0-15ms after impacting the second weakened area.

[0007] Where HIC1 < HIC2, HIC2 < 1000.

[0008] Optionally, the windshield is mounted on a vehicle including a dashboard, and the adult head-shaped impactor impacts the first weakened area to cause the first weakened area to rupture, and the adult head-shaped impactor impacts the dashboard after the first weakened area ruptures;

[0009] The adult head-shaped impactor has a head injury index HIC11 within 0-5ms after impacting the first weakened area;

[0010] The adult head-shaped impactor has a head injury index HIC12 within 5-15ms after impacting the first weakened area.

[0011] When HIC12 is less than or equal to HIC11, HIC1 is equal to HIC11;

[0012] When HIC12 is greater than HIC11, HIC1 is equal to HIC12.

[0013] Optionally, 100≤HIC11≤650.

[0014] Optionally, 200≤HIC11≤500.

[0015] Optionally, 100 < HIC2 ≤ 900.

[0016] Optionally, the windshield includes a light-transmitting area and a shielding area surrounding the light-transmitting area, wherein the visible light transmittance of the light-transmitting area is greater than or equal to 70%, the visible light transmittance of the shielding area is less than or equal to 10%, and the first weakening area and the second weakening area of ​​the weakening area are both located within the light-transmitting area.

[0017] Optionally, the shielding area includes a top shielding area, a left side shielding area, a bottom shielding area, and a right side shielding area;

[0018] The weakened region includes an upper boundary and a lower boundary that are opposite to each other, and a left boundary and a right boundary that are opposite to each other and are located between the upper boundary and the lower boundary.

[0019] The distance between the lower boundary of the weakened area and the bottom shading area is x, the distance between the left boundary of the weakened area and the left shading area is m, the distance between the right boundary of the weakened area and the right shading area is n, and the distance between the upper boundary of the weakened area and the top shading area is y. x is less than or equal to 15mm, m is less than or equal to 15mm, n is less than or equal to 15mm, and y is less than or equal to 50mm.

[0020] Optionally, the distance between the lower boundary of the first weakened area and the bottom shading area is equal to x, the distance between the left boundary of the first weakened area and the left shading area is equal to m, the distance between the right boundary of the first weakened area and the right shading area is equal to n, and the distance between the upper boundary and the lower boundary of the first weakened area is h, where h equals 100mm-300mm.

[0021] The distance between the upper boundary of the second weakened region and the top occlusion region is equal to y, the distance between the left boundary of the second weakened region and the left occlusion region is equal to m, and the distance between the right boundary of the second weakened region and the right occlusion region is equal to n.

[0022] Optionally, a transition weakening zone is set between the lower boundary of the second weakening zone and the upper boundary of the first weakening zone. The area of ​​the transition weakening zone is smaller than the area of ​​the first weakening zone. An adult head-shaped impactor is used to test the transition weakening zone. The adult head-shaped impactor has a third head injury index HIC3 within 0-15ms after impacting the transition weakening zone. HIC3 is greater than HIC1 and less than HIC2.

[0023] Optionally, the weakened region further includes a third weakened region, and the number of the third weakened regions is two, with the two third weakened regions respectively disposed on the left and right sides of the weakened region;

[0024] The second weakened region is located between the two third weakened regions, and the first weakened region is located below the second weakened region and the two third weakened regions;

[0025] The distance between the upper boundary of the two third weakened regions and the top shading region is equal to y. The distance between the left boundary of the third weakened region on the left and the left shading region is equal to m. The distance between the right boundary of the third weakened region on the right and the right shading region is equal to n. The distance between the left and right boundaries of the two third weakened regions is d, where d equals 50mm-300mm.

[0026] The third weakened area was tested using an adult head-shaped impactor. The adult head-shaped impactor had a fourth head injury index, HIC4, within 0-15ms after impacting the third weakened area. HIC4 was greater than HIC1 and less than HIC2.

[0027] Optionally, the adult head-shaped impactor has a first maximum composite acceleration a5 during the 0-5ms time period after impacting the first weakened area, and the adult head-shaped impactor has a second maximum composite acceleration a15 during the 5-15ms time period after impacting the first weakened area, where a5 is greater than a15.

[0028] Optionally, a5 is less than or equal to 180g, and a15 is less than or equal to 100g.

[0029] Optionally, the time during which the synthetic acceleration a of the adult head-shaped impactor is continuously greater than 50g within the first 0-15ms period after impacting the first weakened area is less than or equal to 3ms.

[0030] Optionally, the ratio of the area of ​​the first weakened region to the area of ​​the transparent region is less than or equal to 1 / 3, the ratio of the area of ​​the second weakened region to the area of ​​the transparent region is less than or equal to 2 / 3, and the area of ​​the first weakened region is smaller than the area of ​​the second weakened region.

[0031] Optionally, the bending strength of the third surface is greater than that of the second surface, and / or the bending strength of the fourth surface is greater than that of the second surface.

[0032] Optionally, the thickness of the intermediate layer located in the first weakened region is 0.38mm-0.6mm.

[0033] Optionally, the moisture content of the intermediate layer is 0.3%-0.4% or 0.6%-0.7%.

[0034] Optionally, the concentration of tin oxide on the second surface is greater than the concentration of tin oxide on the first surface, and the concentration of tin oxide on the third surface is greater than the concentration of tin oxide on the fourth surface; or

[0035] The concentration of tin oxide on the first surface is greater than that on the second surface, and the concentration of tin oxide on the fourth surface is greater than that on the third surface.

[0036] Optionally, the ratio of the thickness of the outer glass plate to the thickness of the inner glass plate is greater than or equal to 0.75 and less than 1.

[0037] Optionally, a weakening coating is further provided on at least one of the second surface, the third surface, and the fourth surface, the weakening coating at least covering the first weakened area.

[0038] Secondly, this application also provides a method for manufacturing a windshield, comprising the following steps:

[0039] Step 1, providing a curved outer glass plate and an inner glass plate, the outer glass plate having opposing first and second surfaces, and the inner glass plate having opposing third and fourth surfaces;

[0040] Step 2: Provide an intermediate layer, and stack the outer glass plate, intermediate layer and inner glass plate in sequence to form a laminated glass structure;

[0041] Step 3: Heating, vacuuming and / or applying pressure to the laminated glass structure to obtain the windshield, the windshield having a weakened area, the weakened area including a first weakened area and a second weakened area.

[0042] Optionally, the outer glass plate and / or the inner glass plate located within the weakened area are weakened using at least one of the following methods:

[0043] (1) An internal defect is introduced between the first surface and the second surface using a laser weakening method;

[0044] (2) An internal defect is introduced between the third surface and the fourth surface using a laser weakening method;

[0045] (3) Microcracks are formed on the second surface by using a physical friction weakening method;

[0046] (4) A chemical etching weakening method is used to form fracture lines on the second surface.

[0047] Optionally, the curved outer and inner glass sheets are obtained by subjecting flat glass to a heating and softening step, a bending and shaping step, and an annealing step, wherein the heating and softening step, the bending and shaping step, and the annealing step satisfy at least one of the following conditions:

[0048] (1) The heating temperature of the heating and softening step is 660°C to 750°C;

[0049] (2) The heating and softening step uses a convection heating method to soften the flat glass;

[0050] (3) The heating and softening step uses convection heating and radiation heating to soften the flat glass;

[0051] (4) In the heating and softening step, the surface of the flat glass with a lower concentration of tin oxide faces the heating element;

[0052] (5) In the heating and softening step, the heating and softening time of the outer glass plate is longer than that of the inner glass plate.

[0053] (6) In the bending forming step, the temperature of the bending mold for bending the flat glass is greater than or equal to 500°C.

[0054] (7) In the annealing step, the blowing pressure of the outer glass plate is less than that of the inner glass plate.

[0055] (8) In the annealing step, the annealing time of the outer glass plate is longer than that of the inner glass plate.

[0056] Optionally, before forming the laminated glass structure, the interlayer undergoes a moisture conditioning treatment or a stretching treatment. After the moisture conditioning treatment, the moisture content of the interlayer is 0.3%-0.4% or 0.6-0.7%, and after the stretching treatment, the thickness of the interlayer in the first weakened region is 0.38mm-0.6mm.

[0057] Thirdly, this application also provides a vehicle including an instrument panel and the aforementioned windshield, the instrument panel being located on the lower side near the windshield.

[0058] The technical solution of the present invention has the following significant beneficial effects:

[0059] The windshield of this invention includes an outer glass panel, a middle layer, and an inner glass panel. The outer glass panel has opposing first and second surfaces, and the inner glass panel has opposing third and fourth surfaces. The second and third surfaces are opposite to each other, and the middle layer connects the second and third surfaces. The windshield is provided with weakened zones, including a first weakened zone. An adult head-shaped impactor is used to test the first weakened zone, and the impactor generates a first head injury index (HIC1) within 0-15ms after impacting the first weakened zone. The weakened zone also includes a second weakened zone. An adult head-shaped impactor is used to test the second weakened zone, and the impactor generates a second head injury index (HIC2) within 0-15ms after impacting the second weakened zone. Wherein, HIC1 < HIC2, and HIC2 < 1000. This invention achieves specific HIC zone control for different areas by performing zoned weakening on the windshield. Thus, in the event of a pedestrian-vehicle collision, the first weakening zone reduces head injuries to the pedestrian. Simultaneously, because the head injury index (HIC) of the second weakening zone of the windshield is less than 1000, and the HIC of the second weakening zone is greater than that of the first weakening zone, the windshield not only protects the pedestrian's head but also provides impact protection for vehicle occupants. In other words, this invention, through zoned weakening of the windshield, simultaneously considers pedestrian collision protection and vehicle occupant impact protection, thereby improving the overall safety performance of the windshield. Attached Figure Description

[0060] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0061] Figure 1This is a partial schematic diagram of a vehicle provided for one embodiment of this application.

[0062] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a possible head injury index curve in related technologies.

[0063] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a windshield provided according to one embodiment of this application.

[0064] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of cross section along line II.

[0065] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a head injury index curve provided for one embodiment of this application.

[0066] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a windshield provided for another embodiment of this application.

[0067] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a windshield provided for another embodiment of this application.

[0068] Figure 8 for Figure 3 Another sectional view along line II.

[0069] Figure 9 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for preparing a windshield according to one embodiment of this application.

[0070] Figure 10 This is a top view of a vehicle provided for one embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0071] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0072] The windshield is an essential component of a car, possessing excellent optical and mechanical properties. It plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety of drivers and passengers, and is also a key component for pedestrian protection. "Pedestrian" can refer to any type of vulnerable road user (VRU), such as a walker or cyclist. In a collision between a pedestrian and a vehicle, the pedestrian's body is typically close to the vehicle body. In most vehicle-to-vehicle collisions, the front of the vehicle (e.g., the front bumper or grille) first impacts the pedestrian, whose body is wrapped around the shape of the front of the vehicle (e.g., the shape defined by the bumper, hood, or engine cover, and the windshield). Therefore, the pedestrian's head is highly likely to strike the windshield area. The severity and location of a vehicle-to-vehicle collision are determined by many factors, including vehicle shape and pedestrian height.

[0073] In related technologies, the New Car Assessment Programme (C-NCAP) stipulates that pedestrian protection is divided into head and leg tests. In C-NCAP pedestrian protection tests, for vehicles with a low stance or low front overhang, the test point will fall on the windshield. Among them, the head test is related to the windshield, and the head test report usually uses the HIC value to represent the head injury index.

[0074] The formula for calculating the Head Injury Criterion (HIC) is as follows:

[0075]

[0076] In the above formula, t1 and t2 are any two moments when the vehicle collides with the pedestrian, and t2-t1≤15ms, and a is the resultant acceleration.

[0077] Generally, for head model testing, the HIC (Hydrogen-Induced Cracking) value within the head shape testing area should not exceed 1700, and at least two-thirds of the head shape testing area should have an HIC value not exceeding 1000. For children's head shape testing areas, the HIC value should not exceed 1000. Therefore, the requirement for windshields is generally an HIC value not exceeding 1000.

[0078] Using a flexible measuring tape, wrap around the front structure of vehicle 2 in the longitudinal vertical plane. The geometric trajectory formed by one end of the flexible measuring tape on the outer surface of the front structure of vehicle 2 is the wrap-around distance (WAD) around the point of contact between the body parts of the participants in the traffic accident. Figure 1As shown. That is, the WAD is used to determine the area where head impact may occur in a pedestrian-vehicle collision, with the area between WAD1700 and WAD2100 being the adult head impact area. The area between WAD1700 and WAD2100 may include at least a portion of the windshield 1, particularly the lower part of the windshield 1. From Figure 1 As can be seen, the area between WAD1700 and WAD1800 on the windshield 1 is directly below the instrument panel 21 (IP). During a collision between a pedestrian and vehicle 2, if the pedestrian's head impacts within this area, the pedestrian's head will first contact the windshield 1 until it breaks, resulting in the initial impact. After the windshield 1 shatters, the pedestrian's head will continue to impact the instrument panel 21, causing a second impact and secondary injury. In other words, the area between WAD1700 and WAD1800 on the windshield 1 represents the area with the highest risk of head injury. Therefore, a windshield with a total HIC (High Intensity Conformity) of no more than 1000 mm is not ideal for pedestrians.

[0079] Please refer to the following: Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a possible head injury index curve in related technologies. For example... Figure 2 As shown, based on the combined acceleration during the time interval from the collision between vehicle 2 and the pedestrian until its conclusion, a curve of the pedestrian's head injury index can be plotted. The vertical axis of the curve represents the numerical value of the combined acceleration in g, and the horizontal axis represents the time elapsed after the collision between the pedestrian and vehicle 2 in milliseconds (ms). Curves 1 and 2 correspond to the pedestrian's head injury index when two windshields 1 of different strengths are installed on vehicle 2. Both curves 1 and 2 show that the pedestrian's head injury index... Figure 1 When a collision occurs in the area between WAD1700 and WAD1800, there is a double impact. In the first impact, the pedestrian's head contacts the windshield 1 within 6.5 ms until the windshield 1 shatters. Because the windshield 1 is laminated glass, therefore... Figure 2 As shown, there are two peaks within 6.5ms, representing the wave peaks caused by the breakage of the outer and inner glass plates, respectively; during the second impact, as... Figure 2 As shown, the pedestrian's head impacted the dashboard 21 between 6.5ms and 30.5ms, and a second peak was generated at around 15ms. The height of the second peak was higher than that of the first peak, indicating that the head injury index caused by the pedestrian's head contacting the dashboard 21 was higher than that caused by the pedestrian's head contacting the windshield 1.

[0080] Combining the calculation formula of head injury index and Figure 2 It can be concluded that Figure 2 The area enclosed by the curve and the horizontal axis represents the value of the head injury index. Therefore, it is particularly important to reduce the area enclosed by the curve and the horizontal axis, that is, to reduce the first impact injury integral, the peak of the second impact, and the curve integral within 15ms after the collision.

[0081] In existing technologies, one measure taken to optimize the windshield is to reduce the overall HIC (High Collision Indicator) of the windshield to below 650 mm, or even below 550 mm. However, this does not meet actual safety requirements. Besides protecting pedestrians in collisions, the windshield also needs to protect vehicle occupants in impacts. Simply lowering the overall HIC of the windshield cannot simultaneously address these internal and external collision protection needs.

[0082] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a windshield to solve the above problems.

[0083] This application provides a windshield 1, please refer to... Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a windshield according to one embodiment of this application. The windshield 1 includes a shielding area 11 and a light-transmitting area 12. The light-transmitting area 12 is located in the central region of the windshield 1 and has a high visible light transmittance that meets safety standards. The visible light transmittance of the light-transmitting area 12 is greater than or equal to 70%. The shielding area 11 is disposed around the windshield 1 and surrounds the light-transmitting area 12. The visible light transmittance of the light-transmitting area is greater than or equal to 70%. The shielding area 11 has a lower visible light transmittance, less than or equal to 10%. It is used to shield and protect the interior components of the vehicle, preventing them from being damaged by direct sunlight and thus extending their service life. At the same time, the shielding area 11 can also block the interior components to ensure the overall aesthetics when viewed from the outside. Preferably, the visible light transmittance of the shielding area 11 is less than or equal to 5%, more preferably, the visible light transmittance of the shielding area 11 is less than or equal to 1%, even more preferably, the visible light transmittance of the shielding area 11 is less than or equal to 0.5%, and even the visible light transmittance of the shielding area 11 is essentially equal to 0, i.e., it is opaque.

[0084] In other words, the people inside the vehicle 2 can observe the external environment outside the vehicle 2 through the light-transmitting area 12. At the same time, the light-transmitting area 12 on the windshield 1 is also used to protect the safety of the people inside the vehicle, such as preventing debris from flying into the vehicle and injuring the people inside, or preventing the people inside the vehicle from being thrown out of the vehicle due to a collision. Therefore, the light-transmitting area 12 on the windshield 1 needs to have a certain strength.

[0085] It should be noted that when the windshield 1 is applied to the vehicle 2, it typically serves as the front windshield of the vehicle 2 and is installed in front of the vehicle 2 in the direction of travel. In this application, the windshield 1 is installed on the vehicle 2, which includes a dashboard 21, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown. The windshield 1 is set at an angle to the dashboard 21, and the angle is approximately equal to the mounting angle of the windshield 1. The mounting angle of the windshield 1 is the angle between the windshield 1 and the horizontal plane when the windshield 1 is in the vehicle mounting state, indicating the degree of tilt of the windshield 1. The mounting angle is usually 18°-45°, such as 25°, 30°, 35°, 40°, etc.

[0086] In some embodiments, a head-up display projector (not shown) is installed within the dashboard 21. The head-up display projector projects information onto the windshield 1, and the light projected by the head-up display projector is reflected or diffracted by the windshield 1 into the driver's eyes, allowing the driver to view necessary driving information, road condition information, and even entertainment information without looking down. In other embodiments, a passenger-side airbag (not shown) is installed within the dashboard 21. The passenger-side airbag deploys from the dashboard 21 in the event of a collision, thereby protecting the safety of the occupants.

[0087] Specifically, please refer to the following: Figure 4 , Figure 4 for Figure 3 A cross-sectional view along line II. The windshield 1 adopts a laminated glass structure 13, specifically including an outer glass panel 131, an inner glass panel 132, and an intermediate layer 133. The intermediate layer 133 is disposed between the inner glass panel 132 and the outer glass panel 131, and the intermediate layer 133 is used to bond the inner glass panel 132 and the outer glass panel 131. Specifically, the outer glass panel 131 has a first surface 1311 and a second surface 1312 facing each other, and the inner glass panel 132 has a third surface 1321 and a fourth surface 1322 facing each other. The intermediate layer 133 is disposed between the second surface 1312 and the third surface 1321. The outer glass panel 131, the intermediate layer 133, and the inner glass panel 132 are processed by automotive glass manufacturing processes to form a windshield 1 with a laminated glass structure 13. The windshield 1 can meet the usage requirements of Chinese standard GB9656 and standards of European, American and other countries.

[0088] When the windshield 1 is installed on the vehicle 2, the outer glass panel 131 is located on the outside of the vehicle 2, and the first surface 1311 is the outer surface of the windshield 1 exposed outside the vehicle; the inner glass panel 132 is located on the inside of the vehicle 2, and the fourth surface 1322 is the inner surface of the windshield 1 exposed inside the vehicle.

[0089] The outer glass plate 131 is made of transparent or tinted glass, with a thickness of 0.7mm-4mm and a visible light transmittance greater than 70%. The inner glass plate 132 is also made of transparent or tinted glass, with a thickness of 0.7mm-4mm and a visible light transmittance greater than 70%. The total iron content (calculated as Fe2O3) of the transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.1%, even less than or equal to 0.05%, and further less than or equal to 0.01%, and the visible light transmittance of the transparent glass is 80%-95%; the total iron content (calculated as Fe2O3) of the tinted glass is 0.1% to 0.8%, even 0.1% to 0.5%, and the visible light transmittance of the tinted glass is 75%-90%. For example, the outer glass plate 131 can be a 2.1 mm thick transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 89%, and the inner glass plate 132 can be a 1.6 mm thick green glass with a visible light transmittance of 83%, or a 2.1 mm thick green glass with a visible light transmittance of 80%.

[0090] The intermediate layer 133 is a transparent thermoplastic polymer film or a colored thermoplastic polymer film, and the thickness of the intermediate layer 133 is 0.38 mm to 2.28 mm. For example, the thickness of the intermediate layer 133 can be, but is not limited to, 0.38 mm, 0.76 mm, 1.14 mm, 1.52 mm, 1.9 mm, 2.28 mm, or other values ​​between 0.38 mm and 2.28 mm. The material of the thermoplastic polymer film can be selected from at least one of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyurethane (PU), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and ionic polymer (SGP). When the intermediate layer 133 is a transparent thermoplastic polymer, the visible light transmittance of the transparent thermoplastic polymer is greater than or equal to 80%. For example, the visible light transmittance of the intermediate layer 133 can be, but is not limited to, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%. When the intermediate layer 133 is a colored thermoplastic polymer film, the visible light transmittance of the colored thermoplastic polymer film is greater than 70%. For example, the visible light transmittance of the intermediate layer 133 can be, but is not limited to, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90%. The colored thermoplastic polymer film can be a gray thermoplastic polymer film, a green thermoplastic polymer film, or a blue thermoplastic polymer film.

[0091] The windshield 1 also includes a shielding layer 134, such as Figure 4 As shown, the shielding layer 134 is typically formed by applying ceramic ink or ultraviolet ink around the second surface 1312 using methods such as screen printing or inkjet printing. After curing or high-temperature sintering, the shielding layer 134 is formed around the perimeter of the second surface 1312. It is understood that the shielding layer 134 may also be located only on the third surface 1321, or only on the fourth surface 1322, or simultaneously on both the second and fourth surfaces 1312 and 1322, or simultaneously on both the second and third surfaces 1321, or simultaneously on both the third and fourth surfaces 1322, or simultaneously on all four surfaces 1312, 1321, and 1322. The shielding layer 134 is typically a dark color, including but not limited to black, brown, and tan, to achieve the shielding effect.

[0092] In other embodiments, the shielding area 11 may also be formed by at least one of a dark polymer film and a dimming element. The dark polymer film may be a bulk-colored polymer film, made of a thermoplastic resin such as polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU), polyolefin elastomer (POE), polyurethane (PU), or ionomer polymer film (SGP), preferably PET or PVB. For example, bulk coloring is achieved by adding coloring components during the polymer film manufacturing process, resulting in black or brown polymer films. The dark polymer film may also be a polymer film with surface-printed pigments, such as printing black or brown pigments or paints onto the surface of the polymer film. The dimming element may be a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal film (PDLC), suspended particle film (SPD), electrochromic film (EC), dye liquid crystal film (LC), etc. The minimum visible light transmittance of the dimming element is less than or equal to 5%, for example, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, or 0%. The maximum visible light transmittance of the dimming element can be set as needed, such as 10%, 20%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 80%, etc. Specifically, the visible light transmittance of the dimming element can be adjusted between 0% and 20%, between 0.5% and 50%, or between 0% and 70%, etc., to meet the visible light transmittance requirements in various scenarios.

[0093] Generally, the strength of the windshield 1 is positively correlated with the Head Injury Index (HIC) value; that is, the greater the strength of the windshield 1, the greater the HIC value; conversely, the less strong the windshield 1, the smaller the HIC value. In this application, the light-transmitting area 12 is provided with a weakening area, which includes a first weakening area 121 and a second weakening area 122. When the first weakening area 121 is tested using an adult head impactor, the adult head impactor generates a first head injury index (HIC1) within 0-15ms after impacting the first weakening area 121. When the second weakening area 122 is tested using an adult head impactor, the adult head impactor generates a second head injury index (HIC2) within 0-15ms after impacting the second weakening area 122; wherein, HIC1 < HIC2, and HIC2 < 1000.

[0094] It is understood that in this embodiment, since HIC1 < HIC2 and HIC2 < 1000, specific head injury index control is achieved for different areas by performing zoned weakening on the windshield 1. Thus, in the event of a collision between a pedestrian and a vehicle, the first weakened zone 121 reduces head injuries to the pedestrian; simultaneously, since the head injury index HIC of the second weakened zone 122 of the windshield 1 is less than 1000, the second weakened zone 122 of the windshield 1 has a certain strength and can provide impact protection for vehicle occupants. In other words, this invention, by performing zoned weakening on the windshield 1, takes into account both pedestrian collision protection and vehicle occupant collision protection, thereby improving the overall safety performance of the windshield 1.

[0095] It is understood that testing the first weakened area 121 and the second weakened area 122 using an adult head impact tester can be conducted according to Chinese standard GB24550, or according to EU regulation ECE UN R127, the European New Car Assessment Programme (E-NCAP) protocol, the China New Car Assessment Programme (C-NCAP), or the China Insurance Automotive Safety Index (C-IASI). In this application, testing is preferably conducted according to Chinese standard GB24550, and the adult head impact tester used is the one specified in Chinese standard GB24550.

[0096] In this embodiment, such as Figure 1As shown, the windshield 1 is installed in a vehicle 2 including a dashboard 21. An adult head-shaped impactor strikes the first weakened area 121, causing it to rupture. After the first weakened area 121 ruptures, the adult head-shaped impactor strikes the dashboard 21. The adult head-shaped impactor has a head injury index (HIC11) for the first 0-5 ms after impacting the first weakened area 121; and a head injury index (HIC12) for the first 5-15 ms after impacting the first weakened area 121. Wherein, when HIC12 is less than or equal to HIC11, HIC1 is equal to HIC11; when HIC12 is greater than HIC11, HIC1 is equal to HIC12. That is, HIC1 takes the larger value between HIC11 and HIC12. HIC12 is always less than HIC2, i.e., HIC12 < 1000, HIC12 < HIC2.

[0097] During the collision between the pedestrian and vehicle 2, the pedestrian's head impact point is located within the first weakening zone 121 of the windshield 1. Generally, the windshield 1 breaks within 0-5ms after the collision, and the pedestrian's head impacts the dashboard 21 between 5ms and 15ms. In this embodiment, within the 0-15ms timeframe of the collision between the pedestrian and vehicle 2, the head injury index HIC11 caused by the pedestrian's head contacting the windshield 1 and / or the head injury index HIC12 caused by the pedestrian's head contacting the dashboard 21 are both less than 1000. That is to say, by setting the first weakening zone 121 on the windshield 1, not only is the first head injury caused by the windshield 1 to the pedestrian reduced, but the second head injury caused by the dashboard 21 inside the vehicle is also reduced.

[0098] In this embodiment, preferably, 100≤HIC11≤650, and specific examples can be 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, etc. This is because during a collision between a pedestrian and vehicle 2, the strength of the windshield 1 cannot be too low or too high. If the windshield 1 is too weak, the pedestrian's head will penetrate it, and then further impact the dashboard 21 below it. The dashboard 21 will cause secondary injuries to the pedestrian's head, especially if it houses a head-up display projector, a passenger-side airbag, or other hard, sharp decorative components. In such cases, the secondary injuries caused by the dashboard 21 may be more severe than the primary injuries caused by the windshield 1. Furthermore, after penetrating the windshield 1, the pedestrian's head may collide with occupants of the vehicle, causing even greater injuries. If the windshield 1 is too strong, it will affect the impact speed of the pedestrian's head impacting the dashboard 21, potentially affecting the value of the pedestrian head injury index. Since the strength of the windshield 1 is positively correlated with the head injury index, the requirement is 100 ≤ HIC11 ≤ 650. Furthermore, with HIC11 ≤ 650, when a pedestrian collides with the vehicle 2, it not only reduces the severity of head injury from the windshield 1 but also advances the contact time between the pedestrian's head and the dashboard 21, reducing the maximum combined acceleration during the collision and effectively minimizing head injuries. In other words, both HIC11 and HIC12 are less than the standard requirement of 1000, significantly reducing the total head injury value for pedestrians.

[0099] In this embodiment, more preferably, 200 ≤ HIC11 ≤ 500. Thus, when a pedestrian collides with the vehicle 2, not only is the initial impact injury to the pedestrian's head caused by the windshield 1 reduced, allowing the pedestrian's head to contact the dashboard 21 earlier, but the maximum combined acceleration during the collision is also further reduced, further minimizing the secondary impact injury to the pedestrian's head. Furthermore, as the head injury index increases, the probability of skull fracture increases; therefore, to reduce the severity of head injury to pedestrians, HIC11 is designed to be 200 ≤ HIC11 ≤ 500.

[0100] In this embodiment, preferably, 100 ≤ HIC2 ≤ 900, and specific values ​​can be 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, etc. During a collision between a pedestrian and vehicle 2, especially when the pedestrian's head impact point is located within the second weakened zone 122 on the windshield 1, although the pedestrian's head only suffers impact injury from the windshield 1, the potential impact injury to occupants of the vehicle must also be considered. During the collision between the pedestrian and vehicle 2, the strength of the windshield 1 cannot be too low, otherwise the pedestrian's head will penetrate the windshield 1, causing greater injury to both the pedestrian's head and occupants of the vehicle; conversely, the strength of the windshield 1 cannot be too high, otherwise it will affect the degree of injury to the pedestrian's head. Since the strength of the windshield 1 is positively correlated with the head injury index, 100 ≤ HIC2 ≤ 900 is required. More preferably, 200≤HIC2≤800.

[0101] like Figure 5 As shown, a multi-piece windshield 1, further optimized according to this application, is provided. Tests are conducted using an adult head impact tester according to Chinese standard GB24550 to simulate the process of a pedestrian's head impacting the windshield 1 after a collision with a vehicle. Impact curves regarding impact time and composite acceleration are obtained using an accelerometer and a data acquisition device. During the collision between the pedestrian and vehicle 2, when the point of impact of the pedestrian's head is located within the first weakened zone 121 on the windshield 1, combined with... Figure 2 and Figure 5 The curve shown clearly shows that... Figure 2 The curve shown has two peaks during the first impact because the outer glass plate 131 and the inner glass plate 132 do not break simultaneously; while Figure 5 The curve shown makes it difficult to discern two distinct peaks during the first impact, indicating that the outer glass panel 131 and the inner glass panel 132 can be determined to have broken simultaneously. In particular, the windshield 1 has a first weakening zone 121 with HIC11 ≤ 650, which allows the outer glass panel 131 and the inner glass panel 132 to break simultaneously, thus preventing multiple injuries to the pedestrian's head and effectively reducing head injuries. In other words, both HIC11 and HIC12 are less than the standard requirement of 1000, significantly reducing the total injury value to the pedestrian's head.

[0102] In one possible implementation, the shielding area 11 includes a top shielding area 111, a left side shielding area 113, a bottom shielding area 112, and a right side shielding area 114. The top shielding area 111 is located in the top region of the windshield 1, the left side shielding area 113 is located in the left side region of the windshield 1, the right side shielding area 114 is located in the right side region of the windshield 1, and the bottom shielding area 112 is located in the bottom region of the windshield 1. The weakening area includes opposing upper and lower boundaries, and is provided with... The left and right boundaries opposite to the upper and lower boundaries; the distance between the lower boundary of the weakened area and the bottom shading area 112 is x, the distance between the left boundary of the weakened area and the left shading area 113 is m, the distance between the right boundary of the weakened area and the right shading area 114 is n, and the distance between the upper boundary of the weakened area and the top shading area 111 is y, where x is less than or equal to 15mm, m is less than or equal to 15mm, n is less than or equal to 15mm, and y is less than or equal to 50mm. Specifically, x can be 15mm, 10mm, 5mm, 1mm, etc., m can be 15mm, 10mm, 5mm, 1mm, etc., n can be 15mm, 10mm, 5mm, 1mm, etc., and y can be 5mm, 10mm, 20mm, 30mm, 40mm, 50mm, etc.

[0103] In this embodiment, please refer again. Figure 3 The distance between the lower boundary 1212 of the first weakened area 121 and the bottom shading area 112 is x; the distance between the left boundary 1213 of the first weakened area 121 and the left shading area 113 is m; the distance between the right boundary 1214 of the first weakened area 121 and the right shading area 114 is n; the distance between the upper boundary 1211 and the lower boundary 1212 of the first weakened area 121 is h, where h equals 100mm-300mm; the distance between the upper boundary 1221 of the second weakened area 122 and the top shading area 111 is y; the distance between the left boundary 1223 of the second weakened area 122 and the left shading area 113 is m; and the distance between the right boundary 1224 of the second weakened area 122 and the right shading area 114 is n. Examples of h include 100mm, 120mm, 150mm, 180mm, 200mm, 230mm, 250mm, 280mm, and 300mm.

[0104] As described above, the width of the first weakening area 121 along the vertical direction of the windshield 1 ranges from 100 to 300 mm. This allows the first weakening area 121 to cover more of the dashboard 21 area below it. Therefore, when the windshield 1 is installed in the vehicle 2, the first weakening area 121 can better correspond to the position of the dashboard 21 of the vehicle 2. Consequently, when a pedestrian collides with the vehicle 2, the windshield 1 at this location can shatter quickly, shortening the time of the first impact and causing the peak of the second impact to occur earlier and weakening its peak value.

[0105] In one possible implementation, please refer to [the relevant documentation / reference]. Figure 6 A transition weakening region 123 is provided between the lower boundary 1222 of the second weakening region 122 and the upper boundary 1211 of the first weakening region 121. The area of ​​the transition weakening region 123 is smaller than the area of ​​the first weakening region 121. The transition weakening region 123 is tested using an adult head impactor according to standard GB24550. The adult head impactor has a third head injury index HIC3 within 0-15ms after impacting the transition weakening region 123. HIC3 is greater than HIC1 and less than HIC2.

[0106] It is understandable that the more uniform the strength of each region of the windshield 1, the higher the overall stability of the windshield 1. Conversely, the greater the difference in strength between different regions of the windshield 1, the more difficult it is to manufacture the windshield 1, and the more likely the windshield 1 is to break in the parts with large strength differences, resulting in poor overall stability.

[0107] In this embodiment, by setting the first weakening region 121, the second weakening region 122, and the transition weakening region 123 on the light-transmitting area 12 of the windshield 1, and making HIC3 greater than HIC1 and HIC3 less than HIC2, the windshield 1 avoids a sudden change in strength at the junction of the first weakening region 121 and the second weakening region 122, thereby making the overall stability of the windshield 1 higher and reducing the process difficulty of manufacturing the windshield 1.

[0108] In one possible implementation, please refer to [the relevant documentation / reference]. Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a windshield according to another embodiment of this application. The weakened area further includes two third weakened areas 124, which are respectively located on the left and right sides of the weakened area. A second weakened area 122 is located between the two third weakened areas 124, and a first weakened area 121 is located between the second weakened area 122 and the two third weakened areas 124.

[0109] Below the third weakened zone 124; the distance between the upper boundary 1241 of the two third weakened zones 124 and the top shielding zone 111 is equal to y, the distance between the left boundary 1243 of the third weakened zone 124 on the left and the left shielding zone 113 is equal to m, the distance between the right boundary 1244 of the third weakened zone 124 on the right and the right shielding zone 114 is equal to n, and the distance between the left boundary 1243 and the right boundary 1244 of the two third weakened zones is d, where d equals 50mm-300mm; the third weakened zone 124 is tested using an adult head-shaped impactor according to standard GB24550, and the adult head-shaped impactor has a fourth head injury index HIC4 within 0-15ms after impacting the third weakened zone, where HIC4 is greater than HIC1 and less than HIC2. Examples of d include 50mm, 70mm, 100mm, 120mm, 150mm, 180mm, 200mm, 230mm, 250mm, 280mm, and 300mm.

[0110] The third weakening zone 124 is respectively located on the left and right sides of the weakening zone. When the windshield 1 is installed on the vehicle 2, the third weakening zone 124 on the windshield 1 corresponds to the A-pillar of the vehicle 2. It is understood that since pedestrians are difficult to observe when they are located to the side or in a blind spot of the vehicle 2, the probability of a pedestrian colliding with the side of the vehicle 2 is likely higher than the probability of a frontal collision. Therefore, HIC4 is less than HIC2, thereby further reducing the head injury suffered by the pedestrian in the event of a side collision with the vehicle 2. In addition, the impact injury that may be suffered by occupants must also be considered. Therefore, the strength of the third weakening zone 124 on the windshield 1 must be higher than the strength of the first weakening zone 121. Since the strength of the windshield 1 is positively correlated with the HIC value, HIC4 is required to be greater than HIC1, thereby better protecting the safety of occupants in the left and right directions of the windshield 1.

[0111] In one possible implementation, the adult head-shaped impactor has a first maximum composite acceleration a5 within 0-5 ms after impacting the first weakened zone 121, and a second maximum composite acceleration a15 within 5-15 ms after impacting the first weakened zone 121, where a5 is greater than a15. During the collision between the pedestrian and vehicle 2, especially when the pedestrian's head impact point is located within the first weakened zone 121 on the windshield 1, the windshield 1 at this location can shatter rapidly, reducing the maximum composite acceleration during the collision between the pedestrian and the vehicle dashboard 21, further reducing the secondary impact injury to the pedestrian's head. Preferably, a5 is less than or equal to 180g, and a15 is less than or equal to 100g. This is because if a5 is greater than 180g and a15 is greater than 100g, the probability of death during the collision between the pedestrian and vehicle 2 is greater. More preferably, the first maximum composite acceleration a5 is less than or equal to 150g, and the second maximum composite acceleration a15 is less than or equal to 80g.

[0112] In one possible implementation, the time during which the combined acceleration *a* of the adult head-shaped impactor is continuously greater than 50 *g* within the first 0-15 ms after impacting the first weakened zone 121 is less than or equal to 3 ms. This avoids atypical shattering of the windshield 1, thereby reducing head injuries to pedestrians during the collision.

[0113] During a collision between a pedestrian and vehicle 2, since the pedestrian's head impact point is located within the first weakened area 121 of the windshield 1, the pedestrian's head will suffer not only initial impact injury from the windshield 1 but also secondary impact injury from the dashboard 21 inside the vehicle. Furthermore, the windshield 1 needs to meet both pedestrian collision protection requirements and the safety requirements of vehicle occupants. Therefore, in this embodiment, the ratio of the area of ​​the first weakened area 121 to the area of ​​the light-transmitting area 12 is less than or equal to 1 / 3, and the ratio of the area of ​​the second weakened area 122 to the area of ​​the light-transmitting area 12 is less than or equal to 2 / 3. The area of ​​the first weakened area 121 is smaller than the area of ​​the second weakened area 122. By reducing the area of ​​the first weakened area 121 on the windshield 1, the probability of secondary head injury from the dashboard 21 inside the vehicle is reduced.

[0114] In one possible implementation, the bending strength of the third surface 1321 is greater than that of the second surface 1312, and / or the bending strength of the fourth surface 1322 is greater than that of the second surface 1312. This makes the outer glass panel 131 more prone to breakage during a collision between a pedestrian and vehicle 2, reducing the injury level to the pedestrian's head. Furthermore, this is also because the inner glass panel 132 must have a greater strength than the outer glass panel 131 when the passenger-side airbag deploys.

[0115] Currently, the thickness of the intermediate layer 133 is typically between 0.76 mm and 1.52 mm. In this embodiment, to reduce the strength of the windshield 1, the thickness of the intermediate layer 133 located in the first weakening region 121 is set to 0.38 mm to 0.6 mm, specifically 0.38 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, etc. To ensure the overall strength of the second weakening region 122, the thickness of the intermediate layer 133 in the second weakening region 122 is preferably at least 0.76 mm. That is, the thickness of the intermediate layer 133 located in the first weakening region 121 is set to 0.38 mm to 0.6 mm, and the thickness of the intermediate layer 133 located in the second weakening region 122 is set to at least 0.76 mm.

[0116] According to the applicant's research, the moisture content of the interlayer 133 affects the bonding strength between the interlayer 133 and the outer glass panel 131 and the inner glass panel 132. The moisture content of the interlayer 133 in a conventional windshield 1 is 0.45% to 0.55%, which results in better bonding strength and a higher HIC (Highest Intensity Calibrated Value) for the windshield 1. In one possible implementation, the moisture content of the interlayer 133 is 0.3%-0.4%, specifically 0.3%, 0.32%, 0.35%, 0.38%, 0.4%, etc.; or 0.6-0.7%, specifically 0.6%, 0.61%, 0.63%, 0.65%, 0.68%, 0.7%, etc. This is because the moisture content affects the adhesive performance of the interlayer 133, thereby affecting the overall strength of the windshield 1. This makes the windshield 1 more prone to breakage during a collision between a pedestrian and a vehicle 2, reducing the injury value to the pedestrian's head.

[0117] In this embodiment, both the outer glass panel 131 and the inner glass panel 132 are made of float glass. During the production process, float glass has an air surface and a tin surface, with the tin oxide concentration on the tin surface being greater than that on the air surface. In this embodiment, the tin oxide concentration on the second surface 1312 is greater than that on the first surface 1311, and the tin oxide concentration on the third surface 1321 is greater than that on the fourth surface 1322. That is, the second surface 1312 of the outer glass panel 131 and the third surface 1321 of the inner glass panel 132 can be set as tin surfaces. This is because the roughness of the tin surface is smaller than that of the air surface, reducing the overall strength of the windshield 1. Thus, in a collision between a pedestrian and a vehicle 2, the windshield 1 is more likely to break, reducing the injury value to the pedestrian's head caused by the windshield 1. In this embodiment, the tin oxide concentration on the first surface 1311 is greater than that on the second surface 1312, and the tin oxide concentration on the fourth surface 1322 is greater than that on the third surface 1321. That is, the first surface 1311 of the outer glass panel 131 and the fourth surface 1322 of the inner glass panel 132 can be set as tin surfaces, thereby reducing the overall strength of the windshield 1. This makes the windshield 1 more prone to breakage during a collision between a pedestrian and a vehicle 2, reducing the injury value to the pedestrian's head caused by the windshield 1.

[0118] Currently, the thickness of the outer glass panel 131 is typically greater than or equal to the thickness of the inner glass panel 132. During a collision between a pedestrian and vehicle 2, the outer glass panel 131 is unlikely to break, potentially causing head injuries to the pedestrian. In this embodiment, the thickness of the outer glass panel 131 is set to be less than the thickness of the inner glass panel 132, and the ratio of the thickness of the outer glass panel 131 to the thickness of the inner glass panel 132 is greater than or equal to 0.75 and less than 1, for example, 0.75, 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95, 0.96, 0.97, 0.98, 0.99, etc. This allows the inner glass panel 132 and the outer glass panel 131 to break rapidly, either simultaneously or nearly simultaneously, thereby shortening the time it takes for the windshield 1 to break after impact to less than 3ms, ultimately reducing the head injury caused by the windshield 1. Specifically, for example, the thickness of the outer glass plate 131 is 1.6 mm and the thickness of the inner glass plate 132 is 2.1 mm, or the thickness of the outer glass plate 131 is 1.8 mm and the thickness of the inner glass plate 132 is 2 mm.

[0119] In this embodiment, such as Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 for Figure 3Another cross-sectional view along line II. A weakening coating 135 is further provided on at least one of the second surface 1312, the third surface 1321, and the fourth surface 1322. The weakening coating 135 at least covers the first weakened area 121, preferably at least covers both the first weakened area 121 and the second weakened area 122, and further, the weakening coating 135 at least covers the light-transmitting area 12. The weakening coating 135 will be applied to the outer glass panel 131 or the inner glass panel 132 during the manufacturing process of the windshield 1. After undergoing heating and softening, bending and forming, and annealing steps, the weakening coating 135 and the outer glass plate 131 or inner glass plate 132 are heated and annealed at different rates, resulting in mechanical stress on the glass surface where the weakening coating 135 is located, increasing the tensile stress inside the glass and increasing the compressive stress on the glass surface where the weakening coating 135 is located. This reduces the stress on the glass surface without the weakening coating 135, achieving the effect of HIC1 < HIC2 and HIC2 < 1000. The weakening coating 135 can be applied to at least one of the second surface 1312, the third surface 1321, and the fourth surface 1322 by physical vapor deposition (PVD) or sol-gel method. The physical vapor deposition (PVD) method is preferably magnetron sputtering. It is understood that the weakening coating 135 can not only weaken the windshield 1, but also bring its own functions to the windshield 1, such as heat insulation, ultraviolet protection, electric heating for defrosting and defogging, increasing the reflectivity of P-polarized light to realize HUD, reducing the reflectivity of visible light, preventing fogging, water repellency, and anti-glare.

[0120] In some embodiments, the weakening coating 135 may cover at least 30% of the area of ​​the windshield 1, or at least 40% of the area, or at least 50% of the area, or at least 60% of the area, or at least 70% of the area, or at least 80% of the area, or at least 90% of the area, or even 100% of the area.

[0121] In some embodiments, the weakening coating 135 includes at least one infrared reflective functional layer, which can be a metal layer, a metal alloy layer, or a transparent conductive oxide layer (TCO layer). The number of infrared reflective functional layers in the weakening coating 135 can be one, two, three, four, or even five. Considering design complexity, production difficulty, and manufacturing costs, the number of infrared reflective functional layers is preferably 2-4. It is understood that the weakening coating 135 also includes at least two dielectric layers, with each infrared reflective functional layer located between two adjacent dielectric layers. The dielectric layers serve two purposes: firstly, to protect the infrared reflective functional layers from oxidation or corrosion; and secondly, to adjust the optical properties, mechanical properties, and reflective color of the weakening coating 135.

[0122] The metal layer can be made of gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), or aluminum (Al), and the metal alloy layer can be made of a silver alloy with a silver content greater than or equal to 90%, such as silver-copper alloy, silver-indium alloy, or silver-aluminum alloy. The thickness of the metal layer or metal alloy layer is 5 nm to 20 nm. When the infrared reflective functional layer is a metal layer or metal alloy layer, the weakening coating 135 is disposed on the second surface 1312 or the third surface 1321.

[0123] The infrared reflective functional layer can also be a transparent conductive oxide layer, and the material of the transparent conductive oxide layer can be selected from at least one of ITO (indium tin oxide), NiCrOx, FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide), ZnSnOx, and zinc oxide. The doping element in the zinc oxide can be at least one of aluminum, tungsten, hafnium, gallium, yttrium, niobium, and neodymium, such as AZO (aluminum-doped zinc oxide) and HAZO (hafnium and aluminum-doped AZO). In some embodiments, the thickness of the transparent conductive oxide layer is 50 nm to 300 nm. When the infrared reflective functional layer is a transparent conductive oxide layer, the weakening coating 135 is disposed on the second surface 1312, the third surface 1321, or the fourth surface 1322.

[0124] In other embodiments, the weakening coating 135 comprises at least one stacked structure of a "high refractive index layer / low refractive index layer," wherein the refractive index of the high refractive index layer is not less than 1.8, and the refractive index of the low refractive index layer is not greater than 1.7; the weakening coating 135 is used to reduce the visible light reflectivity of the windshield 1, or to increase the P-polarized light reflectivity of the windshield 1. Specifically, the weakening coating 135 may include 1-4 of the stacked structures. For example, the weakening coating 135 may include a stacked structure of a high refractive index layer / low refractive index layer, wherein the high refractive index layer is directly disposed on the second surface 1312, the third surface 1321, or the fourth surface 1322, and the low refractive index layer is disposed on the high refractive index layer; the weakening coating 135 may include a stacked structure of two high refractive index layer / low refractive index layer, i.e., a first high refractive index layer, a first low refractive index layer, and a second high refractive index layer are deposited outward sequentially. The first high refractive index layer is directly disposed on the second surface 1312, the third surface 1321, or the fourth surface 1322. The weakening coating 135 includes a stacked structure of three high refractive index layers / low refractive index layers, namely, a first high refractive index layer, a first low refractive index layer, a second high refractive index layer, a second low refractive index layer, a third high refractive index layer, and a third low refractive index layer deposited outward in sequence. The first high refractive index layer is directly disposed on the second surface 1312, the third surface 1321, or the fourth surface 1322.

[0125] This application also provides a method for preparing a windshield 1 as described above; please refer to that method as well. Figure 9 , Figure 9 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for preparing a windshield 1 according to an embodiment of this application. The method for preparing the windshield 1 includes steps S1, S2, and S3, wherein steps S1, S2, and S3 are described in detail below.

[0126] S1, providing a curved outer glass plate 131 and an inner glass plate 132, the outer glass plate 131 having opposing first surfaces 1311 and second surfaces 1312, and the inner glass plate 132 having opposing third surfaces 1321 and fourth surfaces 1322;

[0127] S2, providing an intermediate layer 133, and sequentially stacking the outer glass plate 131, the intermediate layer 133 and the inner glass plate 132 to form a laminated glass 13 structure;

[0128] S3, the laminated glass 13 structure is heated, vacuumed and / or pressure is applied to obtain the windshield 1, the windshield 1 has a weakened area, the weakened area includes the first weakened area 121 and the second weakened area 122.

[0129] In this embodiment, the outer glass plate 131 and / or the inner glass plate 132 located within the weakened area are weakened using at least one of the following methods:

[0130] (1) An internal defect is introduced between the first surface 1311 and the second surface 1312 using a laser weakening method;

[0131] (2) An internal defect is introduced between the third surface 1321 and the fourth surface 1322 using a laser weakening method;

[0132] (2) Microcracks are formed on the second surface 1312 by using a physical friction weakening method;

[0133] (3) A fracture pattern is formed on the second surface 1312 by using a chemical etching weakening method.

[0134] It is understood that none of the above-mentioned weakening methods will affect the observation of the external environment outside the vehicle 2 by the occupants of the vehicle 2 through the windshield 1. In other possible implementations, as long as it does not affect the observation of the external environment outside the vehicle 2 by the occupants of the vehicle 2 through the windshield 1, this application does not limit the weakening method of the transparent panel.

[0135] In this application, the weakening structure may be located only in the first weakening region 121, or multiple weakening structures may be located in the first weakening region 121 and the second weakening region 122 respectively. The weakening structure in the first weakening region 121 may be the same as or different from the weakening structure in the second weakening region 122.

[0136] In this embodiment, the bent outer glass plate 131 and inner glass plate 132 are obtained by subjecting the flat glass to a heating and softening step, a bending and forming step, and an annealing step. Different process conditions are set for the heating and softening step, the bending and forming step, and the annealing step, which can further adjust the stress of the outer glass plate 131 and inner glass plate 132, and further adjust the HIC of the windshield 1. The heating and softening step uses a heating element to raise the temperature of the flat glass to the softening temperature; the bending and forming step uses a bending die to bend the flat glass, and the bending die can include at least one of a solid punch, a solid die, an annular punch, and an annular die; the annealing step uses a blowing device to lower the temperature of the bent outer glass plate 131 and inner glass plate 132 to room temperature. Preferably, the heating and softening step, the bending and forming step, and the annealing step satisfy at least one of the following conditions:

[0137] (1) The heating temperature of the heating and softening step is 660°C to 750°C;

[0138] (2) The heating and softening step uses a convection heating method to soften the flat glass;

[0139] (3) The heating and softening step uses convection heating and radiation heating to soften the flat glass;

[0140] (4) In the heating and softening step, the surface of the flat glass with a lower concentration of tin oxide faces the heating element;

[0141] (5) In the heating and softening step, the heating and softening time of the outer glass plate 131 is greater than the heating and softening time of the inner glass plate 132.

[0142] (6) In the bending forming step, the temperature of the bending mold for bending the flat glass is greater than or equal to 500°C.

[0143] (7) In the annealing step, the blowing pressure of the outer glass plate 131 is less than the blowing pressure of the inner glass plate 132.

[0144] (8) In the annealing step, the annealing time of the outer glass plate 131 is longer than the annealing time of the inner glass plate 132.

[0145] In this embodiment, the stress in the first weakened region 121 and the second weakened region 122 on the windshield 1 is reduced by adjusting parameters during the glass heating and softening, bending and forming, and annealing processes. For example, the longer the heating and holding time during the glass heating and softening process, the more uniform the temperature difference, and the lower the stress of the glass; during the glass annealing process, the longer the cooling time and / or the lower the wind pressure during cooling, the lower the stress of the glass.

[0146] In other embodiments, furnace insulation measures can be implemented, auxiliary heating fixtures can be added to the first weakened area 121 on the windshield, etc., so that the heating temperatures of the first weakened area 121 and the second weakened area 122 on the windshield 1 are different, thereby making the stresses of the first weakened area 121 and the second weakened area 122 on the windshield 1 different after the windshield 1 is formed.

[0147] In this embodiment, before forming the laminated glass 13 structure, the intermediate layer undergoes a moisture conditioning treatment or a stretching treatment. After the moisture conditioning treatment, the moisture content of the intermediate layer is 0.3%-0.4% or 0.6-0.7%, and after the stretching treatment, the thickness of the intermediate layer 133 in the first weakening region 121 is 0.38mm-0.6mm.

[0148] Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-6

[0149] Multiple 2.1mm thick float glass sheets are prepared, and after heating and softening, bending and forming, and annealing steps, a bent outer glass sheet 131 and an inner glass sheet 132 are obtained. A 0.76mm thick PVB is used as an interlayer 133. The interlayer 133 is stacked with the bent outer glass sheet 131 and inner glass sheet 132 according to the manufacturing method described in this application to form a laminated glass 13 structure. The laminated glass 13 structure is heated, vacuumed and / or pressure is applied to obtain the windshield 1 of Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-6. Among them, the windshield of Comparative Example 1 was not weakened and optimized, and did not have a weakened area. That is, HIC1 in Comparative Example 1 is equal to HIC2, and HIC1 / HIC2 is the HIC of the entire windshield. The windshield of Comparative Example 2 was weakened and optimized, and has a first weakened area 121 and a second weakened area 122, satisfying HIC1 < HIC2 but both HIC1 and HIC2 are less than 100. The windshield of Comparative Example 3 was weakened and optimized, and has a first weakened area 121 and a second weakened area 122, satisfying HIC1 < HIC2 but both HIC1 and HIC2 are greater than 1000. The windshield of Comparative Example 4 was weakened and optimized, and has a first weakened area 121. The windshield of Comparative Example 5 has a first weakening region 121 and a second weakening region 122, which satisfy HIC1 < HIC2 but HIC2 > 1000; the windshield of Comparative Example 6 has a first weakening region 121 and a second weakening region 122, which satisfy HIC1 < HIC2 but HIC1 > 1000; the windshield of Comparative Example 6 has a first weakening region 121 and a second weakening region 122, where both HIC1 and HIC2 are less than 1000 but HIC1 < HIC2; the windshields of Examples 1-8 have a first weakening region 121 and a second weakening region 122, which satisfy HIC1 < HIC2 and HIC2 < 1000.

[0150] According to Chinese standard GB24550, the windshields 1 of Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-6 were tested using an adult head-shaped impactor. The adult head-shaped impactor impacted the first weakened area 121, causing it to break. After the first weakened area 121 broke, the adult head-shaped impactor impacted the dashboard 21; or the adult head-shaped impactor impacted the second weakened area 122, causing it to break. Impact curves with impact time and composite acceleration were obtained using an accelerometer and a data acquisition instrument. The breakage phenomenon of the windshield 1 was observed or calculated, and the test results are recorded in Table 1.

[0151] Atypical rupture: exhibiting at least one of phenomena (1)-(3):

[0152] (1) When an adult head-shaped impactor impacts the first weakened area 121 or the second weakened area 122, the integrity of the windshield 1 is maintained for more than 1ms without shattering.

[0153] (2) The first maximum combined acceleration a5 is greater than 180g during the 0-5ms time interval in the impact curve;

[0154] (3) The average value of the maximum composite acceleration a in the 0-15ms time interval of the impact curve is greater than 50g for 3 consecutive ms.

[0155] Typical rupture: HIC1 is less than HIC2 and HIC2 < 1000, and there is no atypical rupture phenomenon.

[0156] Table 1. Test results of windshields 1 in Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-6

[0157]

[0158] It should be noted that the values ​​in column HIC1 represent the head injury index HIC1 measured by the adult head-shaped impactor during the 0-15ms time period after impacting the first weakened zone 121; the values ​​in column HIC2 represent the head injury index HIC2 measured by the adult head-shaped impactor during the 0-15ms time period after impacting the second weakened zone 122. The values ​​in column a5 represent the first maximum composite acceleration measured by the adult head-shaped impactor during the 0-5ms time period after impacting the first weakened zone 121, with the unit of the first maximum composite acceleration being g; the values ​​in column a15 represent the second maximum composite acceleration measured by the adult head-shaped impactor during the 5-15ms time period after impacting the first weakened zone 121, with the unit of the second maximum composite acceleration being g. a5 The values ​​in the column represent the times when the first maximum resultant acceleration occurs, in milliseconds (ms); t a15 The values ​​in the column represent the time when the second maximum resultant acceleration occurs, in milliseconds.

[0159] As shown in Table 1 above: In Comparative Example 1, HIC1 and HIC2 are both greater than 2000. The windshield 1 did not break during the test, but caused a very serious primary head injury to the pedestrian. In Comparative Example 2, HIC1 < HIC2, but both HIC1 and HIC2 are less than 100. The windshield 1 was completely penetrated during the test. Although the primary head injury caused by the windshield 1 was minor, the dashboard 21 caused a very serious secondary head injury to the pedestrian. In Comparative Example 3, HIC1 < HIC2, but both HIC1 and HIC2 are greater than 1000. The first weakened area 121 and the second weakened area 122 of the windshield 1 both exhibited atypical cracks, and a15 was greater than 180g. The dashboard 21 would cause a relatively serious secondary head injury to the pedestrian. In Comparative Example 4, HIC1 < HIC2, but HIC2 > 1000. The second weakened area 122 of the windshield 1 exhibited an atypical crack, which would cause a relatively serious primary head injury to the pedestrian. In Comparative Example 5, HIC1 < HIC2 and HIC1 > 1000, the first weakened zone 121 of the windshield 1 experiences atypical cracking, and a15 > 180g, causing severe secondary injury to a pedestrian's head from the dashboard 21. In Comparative Example 6, both HIC1 and HIC2 are less than 1000, but HIC1 < HIC2, resulting in atypical cracking of the first weakened zone 121 of the windshield 1.

[0160] In Examples 1-8, where HIC1 < HIC2 and HIC2 < 1000, both the first weakened zone 121 and the second weakened zone 122 of the windshield 1 exhibit typical cracking, with a5 and a15 both less than 180g, and a15 less than 100g. In other words, by performing zoned weakening on the windshield 1, specific head injury indicators can be controlled in different areas. When the point of impact on the pedestrian's head is located within the first weakening zone 121 on the windshield 1, it can reduce the primary injury to the pedestrian's head caused by the windshield 1 during a collision with the vehicle, as well as the secondary injury to the pedestrian's head caused by the dashboard 21. This allows for both pedestrian collision protection and vehicle occupant collision protection, thus improving the overall safety performance of the windshield 1. When the point of impact on the pedestrian's head is located within the second weakening zone 122 on the windshield 1, HIC2 is less than 1000 and the second weakening zone 122 of the windshield 1 has a certain strength. The windshield 1 can also provide both pedestrian collision protection and vehicle occupant collision protection, thus improving the overall safety performance of the windshield 1.

[0161] During the collision between the pedestrian and the vehicle 2, when the point of impact of the pedestrian's head is located within the first weakened area 121 on the windshield 1, the presence of the first weakened area 121 on the windshield 1, with 200≤HIC1≤500, significantly advances the contact time between the pedestrian's head and the dashboard 21, and a15 is significantly lower than a5. This effectively reduces the area enclosed by the synthetic acceleration curve and the time axis within the 0-15ms time after the impact of the adult head-shaped impactor on the first weakened area 121, thus reducing the head injury index generated by the adult head-shaped impactor within the 0-15ms time after the impact of the first weakened area 121 and reducing the injury to the pedestrian's head.

[0162] Furthermore, when HIC1 is close to or less than 500, the second maximum combined acceleration a15 can be significantly reduced. That is to say, during the collision between the pedestrian and the vehicle 2, the point of impact of the pedestrian's head is located within the first weakened zone 121 on the windshield 1. When HIC1 is close to or less than 500, the windshield 1 at this location can shatter rapidly, which can reduce the maximum combined acceleration a15 during the collision between the pedestrian and the dashboard 21 inside the vehicle, and further reduce the second impact injury to the pedestrian's head.

[0163] Among them, according to Example 4, compared with other comparative examples and embodiments, when the head injury index HIC1 of the first weakened area 121 on the vehicle windshield 1 is 285.1 and the head injury index HIC2 of the second weakened area 122 on the windshield 1 is 620.3, the pedestrian's head injury is minimal.

[0164] It is understood that in other possible implementations, the first head injury index HIC1 of the first weakened area 121 and the second head injury index HIC2 of the second weakened area 122 on the windshield 1 may be other values, and this application does not limit them.

[0165] This application also provides a vehicle 2, please refer to it as well. Figure 10 , Figure 10 This is a top view of a vehicle according to one embodiment of this application. The vehicle 2 includes a frame 22, a dashboard 21, and a windshield 1 as described above. The dashboard 21 is located on the lower side near the windshield 1. Specifically, the dashboard 21, the windshield 1, the first weakened area 121, the second weakened area 122, and the head injury index are described above and will not be repeated here.

[0166] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The above description of the implementation methods is only for the purpose of helping to understand the core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A windshield, characterized in that, The windshield includes an outer glass panel, an intermediate layer, and an inner glass panel. The outer glass panel has opposing first and second surfaces, and the inner glass panel has opposing third and fourth surfaces. The second and third surfaces are opposite to each other, and the intermediate layer is connected between the second and third surfaces. The windshield is provided with a weakened area, which includes a first weakened area. The first weakened area is tested using an adult head impactor. The adult head impactor has a first head injury index (HIC1) within 0-15ms after impacting the first weakened area. The weakened area also includes a second weakened area. The second weakened area is tested using an adult head-shaped impactor. The adult head-shaped impactor has a second head injury index HIC2 within 0-15ms after impacting the second weakened area. Where HIC1 < HIC2, HIC2 < 1000; The windshield includes a light-transmitting area and a shielding area surrounding the light-transmitting area, and the first weakening area and the second weakening area of ​​the weakening area are both located within the light-transmitting area; The shielding area includes a top shielding area, a left side shielding area, a bottom shielding area, and a right side shielding area; The weakened region includes an upper boundary and a lower boundary that are opposite to each other, and a left boundary and a right boundary that are opposite to each other and are located between the upper boundary and the lower boundary. The distance between the lower boundary of the weakened area and the bottom occlusion area is x, the distance between the left boundary of the weakened area and the left occlusion area is m, the distance between the right boundary of the weakened area and the right occlusion area is n, and the distance between the upper boundary of the weakened area and the top occlusion area is y. The distance between the lower boundary of the first weakened region and the bottom occlusion region is equal to x, and the distance between the upper boundary of the second weakened region and the top occlusion region is equal to y.

2. The windshield as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The windshield is installed in a vehicle including a dashboard. The adult head-shaped impactor impacts the first weakened area to cause the first weakened area to break. After the first weakened area breaks, the adult head-shaped impactor impacts the dashboard. The adult head-shaped impactor has a head injury index HIC11 within 0-5ms after impacting the first weakened area; The adult head-shaped impactor has a head injury index HIC12 within 5-15ms after impacting the first weakened area. When HIC12 is less than or equal to HIC11, HIC1 is equal to HIC11; When HIC12 is greater than HIC11, HIC1 is equal to HIC12.

3. The windshield as described in claim 2, characterized in that, 100≤HIC11≤650.

4. The windshield as described in claim 2, characterized in that, 200≤HIC11≤500.

5. The windshield as described in claim 1, characterized in that, 100 < HIC2 ≤ 900.

6. The windshield as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The visible light transmittance of the light-transmitting area is greater than or equal to 70%, and the visible light transmittance of the shielding area is less than or equal to 10%.

7. The windshield as described in claim 1, characterized in that, x is less than or equal to 15mm, m is less than or equal to 15mm, n is less than or equal to 15mm, and y is less than or equal to 50mm.

8. The windshield as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between the left boundary of the first weakened region and the left shading region is equal to m, the distance between the right boundary of the first weakened region and the right shading region is equal to n, and the distance between the upper and lower boundaries of the first weakened region is h, where h equals 100mm-300mm; the distance between the left boundary of the second weakened region and the left shading region is equal to m, and the distance between the right boundary of the second weakened region and the right shading region is equal to n.

9. The windshield as described in claim 8, characterized in that, A transition weakening zone is set between the lower boundary of the second weakening zone and the upper boundary of the first weakening zone. The area of ​​the transition weakening zone is smaller than the area of ​​the first weakening zone. The transition weakening zone is tested using an adult head-shaped impactor. The adult head-shaped impactor has a third head injury index HIC3 within 0-15ms after impacting the transition weakening zone. HIC3 is greater than HIC1 and less than HIC2.

10. The windshield as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The weakening region also includes a third weakening region, and there are two third weakening regions, which are respectively located on the left and right sides of the weakening region; The second weakened region is located between the two third weakened regions, and the first weakened region is located below the second weakened region and the two third weakened regions; The distance between the upper boundary of the two third weakened regions and the top shading region is equal to y. The distance between the left boundary of the third weakened region on the left and the left shading region is equal to m. The distance between the right boundary of the third weakened region on the right and the right shading region is equal to n. The distance between the left and right boundaries of the two third weakened regions is d, where d equals 50mm-300mm. The third weakened area was tested using an adult head-shaped impactor. The adult head-shaped impactor had a fourth head injury index, HIC4, within 0-15ms after impacting the third weakened area. HIC4 was greater than HIC1 and less than HIC2.

11. The windshield as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The adult head-shaped impactor has a first maximum composite acceleration a5 during the 0-5ms time period after impacting the first weakened area, and a second maximum composite acceleration a15 during the 5-15ms time period after impacting the first weakened area, where a5 is greater than a15.

12. The windshield as described in claim 11, characterized in that, a5 is less than or equal to 180g, and a15 is less than or equal to 100g.

13. The windshield as described in claim 11, characterized in that, The time during which the synthetic acceleration a of the adult head-shaped impactor is continuously greater than 50g within the first 0-15ms period after impacting the first weakened area is less than or equal to 3ms.

14. The windshield as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The ratio of the area of ​​the first weakened region to the area of ​​the light-transmitting region is less than or equal to 1 / 3, the ratio of the area of ​​the second weakened region to the area of ​​the light-transmitting region is less than or equal to 2 / 3, and the area of ​​the first weakened region is smaller than the area of ​​the second weakened region.

15. The windshield as described in any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that, The bending strength of the third surface is greater than that of the second surface, and / or the bending strength of the fourth surface is greater than that of the second surface.

16. The windshield as described in any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that, The thickness of the intermediate layer located in the first weakened region is 0.38mm-0.6mm.

17. The windshield as described in any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that, The moisture content of the intermediate layer is 0.3%-0.4% or 0.6%-0.7%.

18. The windshield as described in any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that, The concentration of tin oxide on the second surface is greater than the concentration of tin oxide on the first surface, and the concentration of tin oxide on the third surface is greater than the concentration of tin oxide on the fourth surface; or The concentration of tin oxide on the first surface is greater than that on the second surface, and the concentration of tin oxide on the fourth surface is greater than that on the third surface.

19. The windshield as described in any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that, The ratio of the thickness of the outer glass plate to the thickness of the inner glass plate is greater than or equal to 0.75 and less than 1.

20. The windshield as described in any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that, A weakening coating is further provided on at least one of the second surface, the third surface, and the fourth surface, the weakening coating at least covering the first weakened area.

21. A method for manufacturing a windshield as described in any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1, providing a curved outer glass plate and an inner glass plate, the outer glass plate having opposing first and second surfaces, and the inner glass plate having opposing third and fourth surfaces; Step 2: Provide an intermediate layer, and stack the outer glass plate, intermediate layer and inner glass plate in sequence to form a laminated glass structure; Step 3: Heating, vacuuming and / or applying pressure to the laminated glass structure to obtain the windshield, the windshield having a weakened area, the weakened area including a first weakened area and a second weakened area.

22. The method for preparing a windshield as described in claim 21, characterized in that, The outer glass plate and / or the inner glass plate located within the weakened area are weakened by at least one of the following methods: (1) An internal defect is introduced between the first surface and the second surface using a laser weakening method; (2) Introduce internal defects between the third surface and the fourth surface using a laser weakening method; (3) Microcracks are formed on the second surface by using a physical friction weakening method; (4) A chemical etching weakening method is used to form fracture lines on the second surface.

23. The method for preparing a windshield as described in claim 21, characterized in that, The curved outer and inner glass sheets are obtained by subjecting flat glass to a heating and softening step, a bending and shaping step, and an annealing step, wherein the heating and softening step, the bending and shaping step, and the annealing step satisfy at least one of the following conditions: (1) The heating temperature of the heating and softening step is 660°C to 750°C; (2) The heating and softening step uses a convection heating method to soften the flat glass; (3) The heating and softening step uses convection heating and radiation heating to soften the flat glass; (4) In the heating and softening step, the surface of the flat glass with a lower concentration of tin oxide faces the heating element; (5) In the heating and softening step, the heating and softening time of the outer glass plate is longer than that of the inner glass plate. (6) In the bending forming step, the temperature of the bending mold for bending the flat glass is greater than or equal to 500°C. (7) In the annealing step, the blowing pressure of the outer glass plate is less than that of the inner glass plate. (8) In the annealing step, the annealing time of the outer glass plate is longer than that of the inner glass plate.

24. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes an instrument panel and a windshield as described in any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the instrument panel is located on the lower side near the windshield.

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