Method for surveying distribution characteristics and reserves of useful materials in desert area shallow soil yard
By employing a phased and progressively more intensive pit exploration method, the problem of uneven material distribution and reserve calculation in desert soil yards has been solved. This method enables rapid and accurate soil yard exploration and reserve calculation, simplifies the exploration process, and saves time and costs.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA GEZHOUBA GRP INT ENG
- Filing Date
- 2023-08-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-03
AI Technical Summary
When constructing dams in desert areas, the distribution of materials in earthwork sites is uneven and scattered, the mining depth is shallow, and the scale is large. Existing technology makes it difficult to complete the survey of materials in the entire earthwork site in one go, and it is also difficult to use two methods to calculate the reserves of the site, resulting in great survey difficulty, heavy workload, and long cycle.
A phased and progressively denser pit exploration method was adopted. First, the distribution characteristics of useful materials were quickly determined through high-density pit exploration. Then, the exploration was intensified from the useful material pit to the surrounding area. Finally, a second-stage intensified exploration was carried out in the explored area to calculate the useful material reserves. The rectangular grid method was used to arrange the pits and to conduct geological recording and testing.
It enables rapid and accurate identification of the material distribution characteristics and reserves of soil quarries, simplifies the survey process, improves calculation accuracy, saves time and costs, and provides a reliable basis for soil quarry mining.
Smart Images
Figure CN117347588B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of hydropower engineering, specifically relating to a method for surveying the material distribution characteristics and reserves of shallow soil material sites in desert areas. Background Technology
[0002] In hydropower construction, earth-rock dams, which rely on local materials, require a high level of attention for soil and rockfill site surveys after project commencement. These surveys are also the most complex, difficult, and time-consuming tasks. This is especially true for dams built in desert regions, where complex geological conditions, relatively flat terrain, and a certain thickness of fine sand cover result in soil and rockfill sites characterized by uneven material distribution, dispersed areas of usable material, shallow mining depth, and large scale. Completing the survey of the entire soil and rockfill site at the designed survey density in one go is extremely difficult, demanding, and time-consuming. Furthermore, the large number of unusable areas significantly hinders and affects the progress of surveying usable material. Additionally, the complex terrain, geological conditions, and variations in usable layer thickness make it difficult to calculate material reserves using two different methods. Therefore, a survey method for identifying the distribution characteristics and reserves of usable material in shallow soil and rockfill sites in desert regions is needed to address these challenges. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for surveying the distribution characteristics and reserves of useful materials in shallow soil quarries in desert areas. This method solves the problems of existing technologies, which make it difficult to complete the survey of useful materials in the entire soil quarry in one go, resulting in high difficulty, heavy workload, long cycle, and difficulty in calculating the reserves of the quarry using two different methods. It has the characteristics of being able to quickly and accurately determine the distribution characteristics and reserves of useful materials in soil quarries, being simple to implement, having a fast survey speed, high calculation accuracy, saving time and costs, and providing a fundamental basis for quarry mining.
[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
[0005] Methods for surveying the distribution characteristics and reserves of shallow soil deposits in desert areas include the following steps:
[0006] S1. Determine the overall survey plan based on the geological data, scale, and survey density of the soil and material site;
[0007] S2, Draw a site plan of the soil yard based on the source and planning of the soil materials;
[0008] S3. Based on the size and survey density of the soil quarry, draw a plan of the quarry pit layout:
[0009] The test pits for the earthwork site survey were arranged using a rectangular grid method. Based on the test pit density with a fixed grid spacing, a plan layout of the earthwork site test pits was drawn on the earthwork site plan.
[0010] S4, set the first stage soil yard survey density, divide the test pits according to the predetermined grid spacing, and conduct a preliminary survey of the entire soil yard area;
[0011] S5. Mark the first stage of exploration pit conditions on the earthwork pit layout plan to gain a preliminary understanding of the material distribution characteristics of the entire earthwork pit.
[0012] S6, set the second-stage soil yard survey density, divide the test pits according to the predetermined grid spacing, take each useful material test pit in the first stage as the center point, and conduct the survey outward and in all directions according to the test pits implemented in the second stage until no useful material is found.
[0013] S7. The second-stage exploratory pit situation is used to connect the exploratory pits with useful materials adjacent to the exploratory pits without material using polylines. These polylines are the boundary lines for useful materials. The closed area formed by the boundary line for useful materials and the boundary line for useful materials or the outer boundary line of the soil yard is the area with useful materials. The area of the area with useful materials is obtained respectively. And based on the thickness of useful materials in the exploratory pits of the area with useful materials, the average thickness of useful materials in each area with useful materials is calculated respectively.
[0014] S8. To calculate the usable material reserves of the earthwork yard, the reserves of each usable material area should be calculated separately based on the area of the usable material area and the average thickness of the usable material, so as to obtain the total usable material reserves of the entire earthwork yard.
[0015] S9 sets the third-stage soil yard survey density, divides the test pits according to the predetermined grid spacing, conducts intensified surveys in the useful material areas already explored in the second stage, obtains the average thickness of the intensified useful material, and verifies the reserves of each useful material area, thereby realizing the overall reserve verification.
[0016] Preferably, in step S1, the overall survey plan for the soil yard is a phased, progressively denser survey plan involving the excavation of test pits, as detailed below:
[0017] S101, through high-density exploratory pit survey, quickly ascertained the material distribution characteristics of the entire soil material yard;
[0018] S102, take the explored pit of useful material as the center and conduct intensified exploration in all directions to detect the useful material area of the entire soil material yard and calculate the useful material reserves.
[0019] S103 involves conducting secondary, more intensive surveys in the already identified areas with usable material to obtain a more accurate average thickness of usable material, thereby verifying the usable material reserves in the soil quarry.
[0020] Preferably, in steps S4, S6 and S9, the grid spacing of the first to third stages is reduced sequentially from large to small.
[0021] Preferably, the test pits to be carried out at each stage of the soil yard survey should be marked on the test pit layout plan in advance, and the surveys should be carried out sequentially from one end to the other along the long side in a certain direction to ensure that no test pit is missed during the implementation.
[0022] Preferably, geological records should be made during the exploration pit implementation process, geological data of the soil pit exploration pit should be compiled, and soil samples should be sent to the construction site for soil testing in a timely manner.
[0023] Preferably, the reserves are calculated using the average thickness method, and the calculation formula is as follows:
[0024] V 储量 =∑S 测区面积 ×H 有用料平均厚度 ;
[0025] In the formula, V represents the amount of useful material, S represents the area of the useful material region, and H represents the average thickness of the useful material.
[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:
[0027] 1. This invention employs a phased, progressively denser, and test pit excavation method for surveying shallow soil deposits in desert areas. First, a high-density test pit survey is conducted to quickly determine the distribution characteristics of usable materials throughout the entire soil deposit. Then, using the identified usable material test pits as the center, a progressively denser survey is conducted outwards to detect the usable material areas within the entire soil deposit and calculate the usable material reserves. Finally, a second, more densely surveyed survey is conducted in the identified usable material areas to obtain a more accurate average thickness of usable material, thereby verifying the usable material reserves of the soil deposit. This method is simple to implement, fast in surveying, has high calculation accuracy, and saves time and costs.
[0028] 2. The first-stage survey work of this invention can quickly identify the distribution characteristics of useful materials in the entire soil yard, gain a preliminary understanding of the distribution of useful and useless layers in the test pit, and grasp the distribution of useful material sources in the entire soil yard, providing a basis for the next stage of survey work.
[0029] 3. The second-stage survey work of this invention can accurately distinguish the area with useful materials from the entire soil yard, which solves the problem that the dispersed and uneven distribution of useful material sources in the soil yard causes a large amount of invalid survey work and affects the survey progress.
[0030] 4. The third stage of the exploration work of this invention solves the problem of verifying the material reserves of shallow soil material sites in desert areas, and can also meet the exploration requirements of abrupt change locations. This verification method is simple and applicable. Attached Figure Description
[0031] Figure 1 This is a plan view of the left bank soil yard in this invention;
[0032] Figure 2This is a plan view of the test pit layout of the left bank soil yard in this invention;
[0033] Figure 3 This is a plan view of the first-stage test pit layout of the left bank soil yard in this invention;
[0034] Figure 4 This is a map showing the distribution of usable materials from the first phase of the survey of the left bank soil yard in this invention.
[0035] Figure 5 This is a map showing the usable material areas and their distribution from the second phase of the survey results of the left bank soil yard in this invention.
[0036] The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Left bank earthwork yard; 2. RN1 highway; 3. Left bank earth-rock dam; 4. Dam hydraulic structure; 5. Right bank earth-rock dam; 6. 25m×25m test pit grid; 7. 300m×300m test pit grid protrusion line; 8. Qualified point of sandy dam shell material; 9. Qualified point of clay core wall material; 10. Unqualified point; 11. Useful material boundary line. Detailed Implementation
[0037] Example 1:
[0038] like Figures 1-5 As shown, the survey method for identifying the distribution characteristics and reserves of shallow soil deposits in desert areas includes the following steps:
[0039] S1. Determine the overall survey plan based on the geological data, scale, and survey density of the soil and material site;
[0040] S2, Draw a site plan of the soil yard based on the source and planning of the soil materials;
[0041] S3. Based on the size and survey density of the soil quarry, draw a plan of the quarry pit layout:
[0042] The test pits for the soil material yard survey were arranged using the rectangular grid method. Based on the test pit density of 25m×25m grid spacing, a plan layout of the soil material yard test pits was drawn on the soil material yard plan.
[0043] S4, set the first stage of soil yard survey density, divide the test pits according to the grid spacing of 300m×300m, and conduct a preliminary survey of the entire soil yard area;
[0044] S5. Mark the first stage of exploration pit conditions on the earthwork pit layout plan to gain a preliminary understanding of the material distribution characteristics of the entire earthwork pit.
[0045] S6, set the second stage soil yard survey density, divide the test pits according to the grid spacing of 50m×50m, take the test pits with material in the first stage as the center point, and conduct the surveys outward and around the test pits implemented in the second stage until no material is found.
[0046] S7. The second-stage exploratory pit situation is used to connect the exploratory pits with useful materials adjacent to the exploratory pits without material using polylines. These polylines are the boundary lines for useful materials. The closed area formed by the boundary line for useful materials and the boundary line for useful materials or the outer boundary line of the soil yard is the area with useful materials. The area of the area with useful materials is obtained respectively. And based on the thickness of useful materials in the exploratory pits of the area with useful materials, the average thickness of useful materials in each area with useful materials is calculated respectively.
[0047] S8. To calculate the usable material reserves of the earthwork yard, the reserves of each usable material area should be calculated separately based on the area of the usable material area and the average thickness of the usable material, so as to obtain the total usable material reserves of the entire earthwork yard.
[0048] S9 sets the third-stage soil yard survey density, divides the test pits according to a grid spacing of 25m×25m, conducts intensified surveys in the useful material areas already explored in the second stage, obtains the average thickness of the useful material after intensification, and verifies the reserves of each useful material area, thereby realizing the overall reserve verification.
[0049] Preferably, in step S1, the overall survey plan for the soil yard is a phased, progressively denser survey plan involving the excavation of test pits, as detailed below:
[0050] S101, through high-density exploratory pit survey, quickly ascertained the material distribution characteristics of the entire soil material yard;
[0051] S102, take the explored pit of useful material as the center and conduct intensified exploration in all directions to detect the useful material area of the entire soil material yard and calculate the useful material reserves.
[0052] S103 involves conducting secondary, more intensive surveys in the already identified areas with usable material to obtain a more accurate average thickness of usable material, thereby verifying the usable material reserves in the soil quarry.
[0053] Preferably, in steps S4, S6 and S9, the grid spacing of the first to third stages is reduced sequentially from large to small.
[0054] Preferably, the test pits to be carried out at each stage of the soil yard survey should be marked on the test pit layout plan in advance, and the surveys should be carried out sequentially from one end to the other along the long side in a certain direction to ensure that no test pit is missed during the implementation.
[0055] Preferably, geological records should be made during the exploration pit implementation process, geological data of the soil pit exploration pit should be compiled, and soil samples should be sent to the construction site for soil testing in a timely manner.
[0056] Preferably, the reserves are calculated using the average thickness method, and the calculation formula is as follows:
[0057] V储量 =∑S 测区面积 ×H 有用料平均厚度 ;
[0058] In the formula, V represents the amount of useful material, S represents the area of the useful material region, and H represents the average thickness of the useful material.
[0059] Example 2:
[0060] Taking the survey of the earthwork site for the Niger Kedaji Hydropower Station as an example; the Niger Kedaji Hydropower Station project site is located on the southern edge of the Sahara Desert. The dam of the project adopts a hybrid dam type of "earth-rock dam + concrete dam", with a total dam axis length of about 9.1km. Among them, the left bank has an 8.02km long earth-rock dam and the right bank has a 208.49m long earth-rock dam. The maximum dam height is 21m. The core wall of the dam is natural cohesive sand, and the dam shell material is natural sand. There are two earthwork sites, one on the left bank and one on the right bank. The earthwork mining area is located about 300 meters upstream of the dam axis and extends to 2km upstream of the dam axis. This example mainly describes the earthwork site on the left bank.
[0061] The left bank soil and material yard is arranged parallel to the left bank earth-rock dam, with a length of 8.02 km, a width of 1.7 km, an area of approximately 13.634 million m², and a total reserve of approximately 4.88 million m³. It consists mostly of low shrub forests in a desert area, with a small amount of cultivated land and farmhouses. The left bank is flat, rising along a gentle slope (approximately 0.2%), covered with a certain thickness of weathered coarse sand. According to the exploration pits, the surface layer is fine sand, 0.3 m to 1 m thick, brown in color, with quartz and feldspar as the main mineral components. It is relatively uniform in texture and has a good particle size distribution, interspersed with 5-10% gravel. The middle layer is clayey sand, 0.3 m to 2 m thick, brownish-yellow, hard plastic, relatively uniform in texture, and slightly lustrous, with a fine sand content of approximately 25-45%. The lower layer is completely weathered granite, with plagioclase, quartz, and amphibole as the main mineral components. The rock structure is basically destroyed, the parent rock is basically weathered into sand grains, and the rock core is sandy and easily crumbles when squeezed by hand.
[0062] To quickly determine the distribution characteristics and reserves of usable materials in the left bank soil quarry, the survey of the left bank soil quarry included the following processes:
[0063] I. Based on the scale and survey density requirements of the earthwork yard, the available material survey plan for the earthwork yard adopts a phased, progressively denser survey method involving the excavation of test pits. First, a first-stage survey with 300m x 300m test pits quickly identifies the distribution characteristics of available materials throughout the earthwork yard. Then, a second-stage survey with 50m x 50m test pits, centered on the identified available material pits, gradually densifies the survey outwards, identifying the available material areas and calculating the available material reserves. Finally, a third-stage survey with 25m x 25m test pits further densifies the already identified available material areas, obtaining a more accurate average thickness of available material, thereby verifying the available material reserves of the earthwork yard and meeting the survey requirements for abrupt changes.
[0064] II. Based on the source and planning of the soil, draw a plan of the soil storage site, such as... Figure 1 This is a plan view of the left bank earthwork yard. In the figure, 1 is the left bank earthwork yard, 2 is RN1 highway, 3 is the left bank earth-rock dam, 4 is the hydraulic structure of the dam, and 5 is the right bank earth-rock dam.
[0065] III. Based on the size and survey density of the earthwork yard, the test pits for the earthwork yard survey were arranged using a rectangular grid method. Following a test pit density of 25m × 25m grid spacing, a plan view of the earthwork yard test pit layout was drawn on the earthwork yard plan, as shown below. Figure 2 This is a plan view of the test pit layout for the left bank soil yard; 6 represents the 25m×25m test pit grid.
[0066] IV. In the first stage of the soil and material yard survey, test pits with a grid spacing of 300m × 300m were selected to conduct a preliminary survey of the entire soil and material yard area. For example... Figure 3 This is a plan view of the first phase of the test pits at the left bank soil yard. Thick solid lines are used to highlight the 300m×300m test pits. In the figure, 7 is the grid line highlighting the 300m×300m test pits.
[0067] 5. Mark the findings of the first phase of the exploratory pits on the corresponding layout plan of the earthwork site to gain a preliminary understanding of the material distribution characteristics of the entire earthwork site. For example... Figure 4 The first phase of the survey results for the left bank soil yard is shown in the material distribution map. In the map, 8 is the qualified point for sandy soil dam shell material, 9 is the qualified point for clay core wall material, and 10 is the unqualified point, i.e., no material is used.
[0068] VI. In the second stage, the density of the soil material site survey will be selected using test pits with a grid spacing of 50m×50m. Taking the test pits with material in the first stage as the center point, the survey will be carried out outwards in sequence according to the test pits implemented in the second stage until no material is found.
[0069] 7. Connect the adjacent material-containing pits with polylines to the material-containing pits, using the polyline as the material-containing boundary line. The closed area formed by this boundary line and either the material-containing boundary line itself or the outer boundary line of the soil yard is the material-containing area. Obtain the area of each material-containing area. Figure 5 The second phase of the survey results for the left bank soil yard is shown in the map, which includes the area and distribution of useful materials. In the map, 11 is the boundary line of useful materials. The average thickness of useful materials in each useful material area is calculated based on the thickness of useful materials in the test pits within the useful material areas.
[0070] 8. To calculate the usable material reserves of the earthwork yard, the reserves of each usable material area should be calculated separately based on the area of the usable material area and the average thickness of the usable material, so as to obtain the total usable material reserves of the entire earthwork yard.
[0071] 9. In the third stage, the density of soil yard surveys is selected by using test pits with a grid spacing of 25m×25m. The surveys are then intensified in the areas with usable material that have been explored in the second stage to obtain the average thickness of usable material after intensification. The reserves of each usable material area are then checked to achieve the overall reserve check.
[0072] The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be considered as limitations on the present invention. The embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be arbitrarily combined without conflict. The scope of protection of the present invention should be limited to the technical solutions described in the claims, including equivalent substitutions of the technical features described in the claims. That is, equivalent substitutions and improvements within this scope are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for surveying the distribution characteristics and reserves of shallow soil deposits in desert areas, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1. Based on the geological data, scale, and survey density of the soil and material yard, determine the overall survey plan. The overall survey plan for the soil and material yard is a phased, progressively denser survey plan that includes the excavation of test pits. The specific methods are as follows: S101, through high-density exploratory pit survey, quickly ascertained the material distribution characteristics of the entire soil material yard; S102, take the explored pit of useful material as the center and conduct intensified exploration in all directions to detect the useful material area of the entire soil material yard and calculate the useful material reserves. S103, a second-level intensified survey is conducted in the already explored areas of usable material to obtain a more accurate average thickness value of usable material, thereby verifying the usable material reserves of the soil quarry; S2, Draw a site plan of the soil yard based on the source and planning of the soil materials; S3. Based on the size and survey density of the soil quarry, draw a plan of the quarry pit layout: The test pits for the earthwork site survey were arranged using a rectangular grid method. Based on the test pit density with a fixed grid spacing, a plan layout of the earthwork site test pits was drawn on the earthwork site plan. S4, set the first stage soil yard survey density, divide the test pits according to the predetermined grid spacing, and conduct a preliminary survey of the entire soil yard area; S5. Mark the first stage of exploration pit conditions on the earthwork pit layout plan to gain a preliminary understanding of the material distribution characteristics of the entire earthwork pit. S6, set the second-stage soil yard survey density, divide the test pits according to the predetermined grid spacing, take each useful material test pit in the first stage as the center point, and conduct the survey outward and in all directions according to the test pits implemented in the second stage until no useful material is found. S7. The second stage of the exploratory pits is used to connect the exploratory pits with usable material adjacent to the pits with no material to the exploratory pits. The polyline is the boundary line of usable material. The closed area formed by the boundary line of usable material and the boundary line of usable material or the outer boundary line of the soil yard is the area with usable material. The area of the area with usable material is obtained respectively. And based on the thickness of the useful material in the test pit of the useful material area, calculate the average thickness of the useful material in each useful material area; S8. To calculate the usable material reserves of the earthwork yard, the reserves of each usable material area should be calculated separately based on the area of the usable material area and the average thickness of the usable material, so as to obtain the total usable material reserves of the entire earthwork yard. S9 sets the third-stage soil yard survey density, divides the test pits according to the predetermined grid spacing, conducts intensified surveys in the useful material areas already explored in the second stage, obtains the average thickness of the intensified useful material, and verifies the reserves of each useful material area, thereby realizing the overall reserve verification.
2. The method for surveying the material distribution characteristics and reserves of shallow soil material sites in desert areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In steps S4, S6, and S9, the grid spacing between the first and third stages decreases sequentially from large to small.
3. The method for surveying the material distribution characteristics and reserves of shallow soil material sites in desert areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test pits to be carried out at each stage of the earthwork site survey should be marked on the test pit layout plan in advance, and should be carried out in a certain directional order, from one end to the other along the long side, to ensure that no test pit is missed during the implementation.
4. The method for surveying the material distribution characteristics and reserves of shallow soil material sites in desert areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: Geological records should be made during the exploratory pit operation, geological data of the exploratory pit should be compiled, and soil samples should be sent to the construction site for testing in a timely manner.
5. The method for surveying the material distribution characteristics and reserves of shallow soil material sites in desert areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reserves were calculated using the average thickness method, and the calculation formula is as follows: In 储量 =∑S 测区面积 ×H 有用料平均厚度 ; In the formula, V represents the amount of useful material, S represents the area of the useful material region, and H represents the average thickness of the useful material.