Flavonoids, terpenes and polyose-containing prebiotic fibres, methods for fractionating and recovering them from plant material and use of plant material

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process for fractionation and complete recovery of flavonoids, terpenes and polysaccharides from the peel of plant material, such as citrus peels, without generating waste liquids. The present invention also relates to the flavonoids, terpenes and polysaccharides obtained by the process, as well as their use in various applications in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical or chemical fields. The process developed by the inventors allows the complete recovery of the flavonoids, terpenes and polysaccharide components, without using extreme pH and temperature conditions, and without generating waste liquids, providing a clean and sustainable process, since citrus peels are used as the starting point material, and the process comprises a step of acid synthesis by metal ion chelation mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for fractionating and fully recovering flavonoids, terpenes, and prebiotic fibers containing polysaccharides from plant materials such as citrus peel.

[0002] In particular, the method of the present invention comprises a continuous and integrated approach capable of fractionating and recovering different products (e.g., flavonoids, terpenes, and prebiotic fibers containing polysaccharides), which uses all plant materials, does not employ extreme pH conditions and temperatures, and produces no waste liquid, providing a clean and sustainable method.

[0003] The resulting waste consists of products rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which can be safely used later as fertilizer or in fruit and vegetable aquatic products, and can be safely returned to nature or fed back into the method. This invention also relates to flavonoids, terpenes, and prebiotic fiber products containing polysaccharides obtained by this method, and their uses in various applications in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, or chemical fields. Background Technology

[0004] Flavonoids, terpenes, and polysaccharides are compounds commonly used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, or food, and have specific functions depending on their application.

[0005] Flavonoids are a class of phenolic compounds found in the plant kingdom, playing a vital role in plant growth and development. Flavonoids also exhibit significant pharmacological activity in the human body, potentially possessing antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties, making them highly sought-after ingredients in the pharmaceutical market. Examples of pharmacologically active flavonoids include acacetin, aamentoflavone, butein, hesperidin, quercetin, and rutin.

[0006] Terpenes, or terpenoid compounds, are naturally occurring substances from plant materials. Due to their aroma, they are commonly used as components of essential oils and also possess pharmacological properties, exhibiting anti-cancer, antibacterial, and antifungal effects. Terpenes are also used in food preservation, as cosmetic ingredients, as pesticides in organic agriculture, as flavoring agents, and in household cleaning. The most common terpene derived from citrus fruits is limonene.

[0007] Polysaccharides are natural polymers that can be composed of single or different types of monosaccharides. The main polysaccharides extracted from fruit cell walls belong to the pectin family. They are heteropolysaccharides composed of a linear backbone of α-D-galacturonic acid and its O-methylated derivatives. They have several applications, such as in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, especially in the food industry (as stabilizers and thickeners). In this invention, polysaccharides are marketed as prebiotic fibers due to their functional properties.

[0008] Flavonoids, terpenes, and polysaccharide-containing fibers can be obtained by conventional methods, such as acid hydrolysis or enzymatic extraction of target compounds at pH below 2.5, which require activation by raising the temperature to above 40°C.

[0009] In addition to using steps and parameters involving more extreme reaction conditions such as pH and temperature, conventional methods can also lead to the generation of liquid and solid waste.

[0010] Another drawback of conventional methods is that only one type of compound may be obtained, usually pectin (which mainly contains flavonoids), while terpenes and polysaccharides are discarded in the process. In other words, there is no method that allows all three compounds to be fully recovered.

[0011] Prior art document BR 112016012973-3 describes a method for extracting only pectin from starting materials, the method comprising only an extraction step. The method includes: a first step a) extraction using an acid (an acidic solution with a pH of 1.5 to 2.5), an optional second step b) wherein the first residue is washed one to three times, and a third step c) including a third extraction.

[0012] The inventors of this application confirm that the methods available in the prior art do not allow for the fractionation and complete recovery of flavonoids, terpenes, and prebiotic fibers containing polysaccharides from the same plant material in a continuous manner.

[0013] The method developed by the inventors allows for the complete recovery of flavonoids, terpenes, and prebiotic fibers containing polysaccharides without using extreme pH and temperature conditions and without generating waste liquid, providing a clean and sustainable method because it uses citrus peel as a starting material.

[0014] Furthermore, the method of the present invention allows for high yields when using citrus peels because it incorporates a metal chelation mechanism rather than a conventional extraction mechanism.

[0015] Therefore, there is a clear need to develop new methods for obtaining products from plant materials that allow for higher yields, are integrated to allow for the recovery of the largest number of compounds of interest in the market, and are sustainable methods that minimize or even eliminate wastewater generation. Summary of the Invention

[0016] Therefore, one object of the present invention is to provide a method for fractionating and fully recovering flavonoids, terpenes and prebiotic fibers containing polysaccharides from citrus plant materials.

[0017] A second object of the present invention is to obtain flavonoids, terpenes and prebiotic fibers containing polysaccharides obtained by the method of the present invention, and their uses in various applications in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical or chemical fields.

[0018] A third object of the present invention is to provide a method that uses mild process conditions and does not produce waste liquid, wherein the liquid produced is used as organic fertilizer, and the fruit and vegetable water produced is reused in the method or returned to nature in a clean manner.

[0019] Basically, the present invention relates to a method comprising the following main steps:

[0020] 1) Adjust the particle size of the plant material (1');

[0021] 2) Place the ground plant material in reactor 1 (3) and add complexing compound (16) and solvent (35);

[0022] 3) Add acidic compound (17) to the mixture obtained in step 2), separate the mixture, and obtain a liquid phase containing flavonoids and terpenes and a first retained solid substance;

[0023] 4) The obtained first retained solid material is placed into reactor 2 (19), and complexing compound (16), acidic compound (17), and solvent (35) are added. The obtained mixture is separated to obtain a liquid phase containing terpenes and a second retained solid material.

[0024] 5) The obtained second retained solid material is placed into reactor 3 (23), and solvent (35) is added; and

[0025] 6) The polysaccharide-containing functional fiber (33') is recovered by neutralizing the mixture obtained in step (5) with the addition of neutralizing compound (18). Attached Figure Description

[0026] The objectives, technical effects, and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate exemplary but non-limiting embodiments of the method of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of the fractionation and recovery method of the present invention is shown, including the following steps and components:

[0028] • Receiving compartment (1) for raw materials or plant materials (1');

[0029] • Grinding machine (2);

[0030] Reactor 1(3):

[0031] • Transfer pump 1(4);

[0032] ·Sieve 1(5):

[0033] • Press 1(6);

[0034] • Concentrator / Distiller (7);

[0035] • Water tank 1 (8) and fruit and vegetable water (8');

[0036] Terpenoids (9);

[0037] • Storage of terpenes (10) and terpenes (10');

[0038] • Crystallization of flavonoids (11);

[0039] • Ultrafiltration system (12);

[0040] • Flavonoid storage tank (13) and flavonoids (13');

[0041] • Organic fertilizer storage tank (14) and organic fertilizer (14');

[0042] • Water tank 2 is recycled from process (15);

[0043] • Complex compounds (16);

[0044] • Acidic compounds (17);

[0045] • Neutralizing compounds (18);

[0046] Reactor 2 (19);

[0047] • Transfer pump 2 (20);

[0048] ·Sieve 2(21);

[0049] ·Presser 2(22);

[0050] Reactor 3 (23);

[0051] • Transfer pump 3 (24);

[0052] ·Sieve 3(25);

[0053] • Press 3 (26);

[0054] Reactor 4 (27);

[0055] • Transfer pump 4(28);

[0056] ·Sieve 4(29);

[0057] • Press 4 (30);

[0058] • Drying system 1 (31);

[0059] • Grinding machine 2(32);

[0060] • Fiber storage (33) and fiber containing polysaccharides (33');

[0061] • Drying system 2 (34);

[0062] • Cleaning solvent (35); and

[0063] • Recovered / evaporated solvents (36).

[0064] Figure 2 The graph shows a polynomial curve containing the percentage of precipitate versus the concentrations of pectin and fiber in a milk protein stability test. Detailed Implementation

[0065] This invention relates to a method for fractionating and fully recovering flavonoids, terpenes, and prebiotic fibers containing polysaccharides from citrus plant materials.

[0066] During the ripening cycle of citrus fruits, some compounds, such as terpenes, are consumed, resulting in the characteristic citrus aroma. Flavonoids, natural pigments, play a crucial role in protecting fruits from oxidants and ultraviolet radiation, while structural carbohydrates such as polysaccharides are also consumed during ripening, making the peel of fruits and vegetables less tough.

[0067] The method of this invention takes into account the fractionation and complete recovery of the above-mentioned compounds, converting them into separated products. The possibility of recovering these three compounds in the same production line is solely due to the complexation reaction method developed by the inventors of this invention, in which the chelation of metal ions occurs.

[0068] The raw materials used in this method are plant materials, or in particular, fruit and vegetable peels comprising the peels of citrus fruits. Citrus fruits that can be used in this invention include oranges, Tahiti lemons, Sicilian lemons, mandarins, limes, grapefruits, tangerines, pomelos, and mixtures thereof. The citrus peels used include any part thereof, including the core, seeds, endocarp, exocarp, or pulp.

[0069] The method of this invention essentially involves receiving plant material based on citrus peel, a byproduct of a citrus juice extraction plant. The citrus peel, after particle size adjustment, is then fed to reactor number 1, where a complexing compound and solvent are added to promote the synthesis of metal chelates. An acidic compound is then added to reactor number 1 to recover flavonoids and NPK-based (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) organic fertilizer.

[0070] Subsequently, the solid mixture was sent to reactor No. 2, where solvents, complexing compounds, and acidic compounds were added to release terpenes. Finally, the solid mixture was sent to reactor No. 3, where acid synthesis was carried out to release polysaccharides. Finally, the solid mixture was sent to reactor No. 4, where the polysaccharide-containing prebiotics were neutralized and recovered.

[0071] Therefore, the method of the present invention does not produce environmentally harmful waste liquid because it eliminates only two types of liquid waste: the first is fruit and vegetable water, which can be safely treated or reused in the method, and the second is a concentrate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which can be reused as organic fertilizer.

[0072] One advantage of this invention is that the method allows the recovery of 80-95% of solid materials containing flavonoid compounds and possessing functional properties.

[0073] Another advantage of the present invention is that, since the method of the present invention allows the recovery of 80-95% of the fruit and vegetable water contained in the wet raw materials, and the fruit and vegetable water can be safely discarded or reused in the method, the generation of waste liquid is minimized and completely eliminated.

[0074] Furthermore, another advantage of the present invention is that it provides an integrated method that allows fractionation and recovery of more than 70% of flavonoids from citrus fruits, with yields greater than 1% wet basis and 6% dry basis.

[0075] The main steps constituting the method of the present invention are:

[0076] 1) Adjust the particle size of the plant material (1') in the grinder (1);

[0077] 2) Place the ground plant material in reactor 1 (3) and add complexing compound (16) and solvent (35);

[0078] 3) Add acidic compound (17) to the mixture obtained in step 2);

[0079] 3.1 - Optionally, the water tank 2 (15) recovered from this method can be added to the mixture obtained in step 3);

[0080] 3.2 Separate the mixture obtained in step 3) to obtain a liquid phase containing flavonoids and terpenes and a first retained solid substance;

[0081] 3.3 - A liquid phase containing flavonoids and terpenes is delivered to a concentrator / distiller (7) to separate flavonoids (13′), fruit and vegetable water (8′), and NPK fertilizer (14′) as well as volatile solvent (36), wherein the volatile solvent is returned to reactor 4 (27).

[0082] 4) The first retained solid material obtained in step 3.2 is placed into reactor 2 (19), and complexing compound (16), acidic compound (17), solvent (35) and optionally at least one solvent recovered from step (25 or 26) are added.

[0083] 4.1 Separate the mixture obtained in step 4) to obtain a liquid phase containing terpenes and a second retained solid substance;

[0084] 4.2 - The liquid phase containing terpenes is delivered to a concentrator / distiller (7) that produces terpenes (10');

[0085] 5) The second retained solid material obtained in step 4.1 is placed into reactor 3 (23), and solvent (35) and optionally at least one solvent recovered from step (29 or 30) are added;

[0086] 5.1 - Separate the mixture obtained in step 5) to obtain a residual liquid phase and a third retained solid substance; and

[0087] 6) The third retained solids obtained in step 5.1 are transferred to reactor 4 (27) and the mixture is neutralized by adding a neutralizing compound (18) and a solvent (36) volatilized from the concentrator / distiller (7) to recover the functional fiber (33') containing polysaccharides.

[0088] Each of the six main steps constituting the method of the present invention is described in detail below.

[0089] the term

[0090] The use of the term "one" in this descriptive report does not imply a limited number, but rather indicates the presence of at least one of the listed elements / components / items.

[0091] The use of the term "or" indicates any or all of the listed elements / components / items.

[0092] The use of the terms “comprehend”, “endowed”, “provided”, or similar terms indicates that the elements / components / items listed preceding the term form part of the invention, but does not exclude other elements / components / items not listed.

[0093] As used in this specification, the term "at least one" means one or more, and therefore includes a single component, as well as mixtures and / or combinations of one, two, three or more components.

[0094] Except as described in the operational embodiments or otherwise, all figures representing reaction conditions should in all cases be understood to be modified by the term “about”, meaning within + / - 10% of the figures shown.

[0095] As used in this document, all ranges provided must include all specified ranges within the provided ranges, as well as combinations of subranges between these ranges. Thus, for example, the range 1 to 5 specifically includes 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, and subranges such as 2 to 5, 3 to 5, 2 to 3, 2 to 4, 1 to 4, etc. All ranges and values ​​disclosed herein include endpoint values ​​and are composable. For example, any value or point within an interval described herein can be used as the minimum or maximum value of a derived subrange, and so on.

[0096] The methods of the present invention may include, consist of, or substantially consist of the essential elements and limitations of the present invention as described herein, as well as any additional or optional ingredients, components, or limitations described herein or useful.

[0097] According to the present invention, the term "fruit and vegetable water" refers to the liquid portion removed from the initial solid matter in a concentrator / distiller and is essentially composed of water. The fruit and vegetable water produced in the present invention is generally reused in the method and fed back into the water tank 2 (15), or, in excess, can be safely discarded into nature as it does not contain toxic products.

[0098] The terms "complexing compound" or "chelate" refer to compounds that can form chelates, that is, compounds that can form complexes with cations present in plant material.

[0099] The term "solvent (35)" comprises an alcohol selected from, but not limited to, ethanol, propanol, butanol, or mixtures thereof. Preferably, solvent (35) is ethanol. The solvent is added to the reactor in its clean form, i.e., as a pure solvent. Solvent (35) also comprises solvent recovered from the method, containing at least 80% initial purity, more preferably at least 90% initial purity, and may also contain other process components, such as complexing compounds or acidic compounds.

[0100] The term "recovered or volatile solvent (36)" refers to liquid recovered from the concentrator / distiller (7) and reused in the method, which essentially contains water and solvent residue (35). The solvent is recovered to at least 80%, more preferably 90%, of its initial purity.

[0101] Phase 1: Particle size adjustment of plant materials

[0102] This step involves adjusting the particle size of the plant material fed into the process. Adjusting the particle size is important so that the entire surface of the plant material is in contact during the reaction, making ion chelation more effective.

[0103] For this adjustment, a silo (1) is first used to receive raw materials for receiving and storing citrus peels from the citrus juice extraction process. Citrus peels, such as orange peels, become waste in juice factories after juice extraction. These normally discarded citrus peels will be used as raw materials for the method of the present invention to reuse the products contained in the peels.

[0104] After being stored in the hopper (1), the peels are fed to a grinder (2), preferably a blade grinder. At this stage, the citrus fruits are crushed until they reach a particle size of 2 mm to 20 mm.

[0105] In one embodiment, the plant material is ground to a diameter ranging from 5 mm to 15 mm, or even more preferably from 5 mm to 10 mm.

[0106] This particle size adjustment step is important in the method to allow the entire surface of the plant material to come into contact with the reaction medium, making ion chelation more efficient.

[0107] Phase 2: Mixing plant materials with complexing compounds and solvents to promote metal chelate synthesis.

[0108] After the particle size adjustment step, the ground plant material is placed into reactor 1 (3), and complexing compound (16) and solvent (35) are added to reactor 1 (3).

[0109] The purpose of step 2) is to chelate the metals present in the plant material. When the metals lose their binding strength, they are separated from the cell structure due to the removal of natural sugars.

[0110] The complexing compound (16) added in this step is selected from, but not limited to, EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid), NTA (triacetonitrile), and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the complexing compound (16) is EDTA.

[0111] The solvent (35) used in step 2) is selected from, but not limited to, ethanol, propanol, butanol, or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the solvent (35) is ethanol. The solvent is fed into the reactor in its clean form, i.e., in the form of a pure solvent.

[0112] In another embodiment, the solvent (35) consists of a solvent recovered from the method, having an initial purity of at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, and may also contain other components of the method, such as complexing compounds or acidic compounds.

[0113] In a preferred embodiment, reactor 1 (3) comprises mixed and ground plant material, solvent (35), complexing compound (16), and optionally fruit and vegetable water (8') recovered from water tank 2 in step (15).

[0114] The concentration of the complexing compound (16) added in this step ranges from 5% to 40% by weight, preferably from 10% to 30% by weight, and even more preferably 15% by weight.

[0115] In step 2), the concentration of solvent (35) ranges from 40% to 50% by weight, preferably 45% by weight.

[0116] Specifically, reactor 1 (3) in step 2) comprises a mixture of ground plant material (1') obtained in step 1), a complexing compound (16), and a solvent compound (35), wherein such mixing is carried out at a pH of 3.0 to 4.5, a temperature of 20°C to 35°C, and a stirring speed of 30 rpm to 42 rpm. This reaction occurs under continuous flow for 20 to 60 minutes. Due to variations in the nutrients absorbed by citrus trees from the soil, the temperature, mixing time, and stirring speed may vary depending on the citrus cultivar and region.

[0117] Phase 3: Add acidic compounds to obtain flavonoids and organic fertilizer.

[0118] After the complex compound (16) and solvent (35) are mixed with the ground plant material in reactor 1 (3), the acid compound (17) is added to the reaction medium.

[0119] The addition of acidic compounds promotes the solubility of flavonoids present in the cell walls of the material.

[0120] Basically, step 3) includes the following steps and sub-steps:

[0121] Step 3): Add the acidic compound (17) from reactor 1 (3) to the mixture obtained in step (2);

[0122] 3.1 - Optionally, the fruit and vegetable water (8') recovered from the water tank 2 (15) in this method can be added to the mixture obtained in step 3);

[0123] 3.2 Separate the mixture obtained in step (3) to obtain a liquid phase containing flavonoids and terpenes and a first retained solid substance;

[0124] 3.3 - A liquid phase containing flavonoids and terpenes is delivered to a concentrator / distiller (7) to separate flavonoids (13′), fruit and vegetable water (8′), and NPK fertilizer (14′) as well as volatile solvent (36), wherein the volatile solvent is returned to reactor 4 (27).

[0125] The acid compound (17) that can be used in step 3) is selected from: nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the acid compound is nitric acid.

[0126] In one embodiment, the acid is added to or dissolved in an organic solvent, such as water, in its pure form.

[0127] The content of the acid used for activation is less than 10% of the total volume of the mixture, preferably less than 5%, more preferably less than 2% of the total volume of the mixture, even more preferably between 0.1% and 5%, or even more preferably between 0.1% and 2%.

[0128] Specifically, reactor 1 (3) in step 3) comprises a mixture of ground plant material (1'), complexing compound (16), solvent compound (35), and acid compound (17), wherein such mixing is carried out at a pH of 2.5 to 3.5, a temperature of 20°C to 35°C, and a stirring speed of 30 rpm to 42 rpm. This reaction occurs under continuous flow for 20 to 60 minutes. Temperature, mixing time, and stirring speed may vary depending on the citrus variety and region.

[0129] After adding the acid solution, the mixture is subjected to the following sub-steps:

[0130] In the separation sub-step 3.2, the mixture is discharged using sieve 1 (5) and press 1 (6).

[0131] The sieve 1 (5) operates by gravity acting on all components chelated from the plant material, which are separated in a closed sieve, with the retained solid material being introduced into the press 1 (6) and the liquid product being introduced into the concentrator / distiller (7).

[0132] Pressing step 1 (6) includes receiving solid material from sieve 1 (5), reducing the moisture content of the solid material to a maximum of 75%, and introducing the solid material into reactor 2 (19). The liquid product obtained from this step is further introduced into a concentrator / distiller (7).

[0133] Sub-step 3.3 includes separating the liquid phase in a concentrator / distiller (7). This step involves concentrating the liquid product obtained on sieve 1 (5) to a concentration of 20° to 65° Brix at a controlled temperature of 70° to 92°. The volatile solvent (36) is recovered in a distillation column to be returned to the process in reactor 4 (27). The fruit and vegetable water (8') removed from the initial solids is introduced into tank 1 (8), which supplies water to tank 2 (15) for use in the process or returned to nature.

[0134] The flavonoid-containing concentrate obtained in the concentrator / distiller (7) in step 3.3 is fed to the crystallizer (11), where a flavonoid crystallization process occurs. In this sub-step, a neutralizing compound (18) is added to the concentrate to bring its pH to a range of 8-11, allowing the flavonoids (preferably hesperidin) to crystallize at a temperature of 15°C to 30°C without mechanical power for 20 to 300 minutes.

[0135] The neutralizing compound (18) used in sub-step 3.3 is preferably an alkaline compound, and even more preferably potassium hydroxide.

[0136] The concentrate obtained after the crystallization step (sub-step 3.3) is further introduced into a tangential flow ultrafiltration system (12), in which the separation of a liquid rich in metals, sugars and nutrients occurs, producing a product characterized by an organic fertilizer rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium - NPK (14').

[0137] The solids retained in the ultrafiltration membrane are introduced into a drying system (34) with the temperature controlled at 50°C to 65°C, and then into a flavonoid storage (13) to obtain flavonoids (13').

[0138] In this method, storage tanks can be used to store the obtained products, such as tanks for storing flavonoids (13), tanks for storing organic fertilizers (14), tank 1 (8) for capturing fruit and vegetable water (8') removed from the initial solid matter, and tank 2 (15) for storing fruit and vegetable water (8') recovered from the method.

[0139] Stage 4: Adding solvents, complexing compounds, and acidic compounds to release terpenes.

[0140] The first retained material obtained in the separation step (sub-step 3.2) is introduced into reactor 2 (19).

[0141] Specifically, the step involves mixing the substance from the press 1 (6) with a solvent (35), a complexing compound (16), an acidic compound (17), and adding liquids recovered from the method, which are derived from the sieve 3 (25) and the press 3 (26).

[0142] Optionally, the concentrations of alcohol, complexing agent, and acid reagent can be adjusted.

[0143] The purpose of this step is to dissolve the terpenes present in the solution and allow for their subsequent removal.

[0144] Step 4 includes the following sub-steps:

[0145] Step 4): The first retained solid material obtained in step 3.2 is placed into reactor 2 (19), and complexing compound (16), acidic compound (17), solvent (35) and at least one solvent recovered from the method, such as liquid from sieve 3 (25) or liquid from press 3 (26) are added.

[0146] 4.1 Separate the mixture obtained in step 4) to obtain a liquid phase containing terpenes and a second retained solid substance;

[0147] 4.2 - The liquid phase containing terpenes is sent to a concentrator / distiller (7) that produces terpenes (10').

[0148] In a preferred embodiment, in step 4, the solvent (35) is selected from, but not limited to, ethanol, propanol, butanol, or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the solvent (35) is ethanol.

[0149] The solvent (35) is present at a concentration of 40-60% (preferably 50%).

[0150] In another preferred embodiment, the complexing compound in step 4 is selected from, but not limited to, EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid), NTA (triacetonitrile), and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the complexing compound (16) is EDTA.

[0151] The concentration of the complex compound (16) ranges from 5% to 40% by weight, preferably from 10% to 30% by weight, and even more preferably from 15% by weight.

[0152] The acid compound (17) that can be used in step 4) is selected from: nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the acid compound is nitric acid.

[0153] In one embodiment, the acid is added to or dissolved in a solvent (e.g., water) in its pure form.

[0154] The concentration of the acidic compound (17) in step 4) shall not exceed 5% of the total mass of the mixture, preferably not more than 2%, and even more preferably the concentration of the acidic compound (17) shall be in the range of 0.1 to 2% of the total mass of the mixture.

[0155] Specifically, reactor 2 (19) in step 4) contains a mixture of the first retained solids obtained from press 1 (6) with complexing compound (16), solvent compound (35), and acidic compound (17), as well as liquid from sieve 3 (25) and press 3 (26), such that the mixture is stirred at a temperature of 35°C to 55°C and at a stirring speed of 30 rpm to 42 rpm to achieve a pH range of 2.5–4.5. This reaction occurs under continuous flow for 30 to 60 minutes. Temperature, mixing time, and stirring speed may vary depending on the citrus variety and region.

[0156] The pH of the reaction mixture is adjusted by the complexing agent (16) itself and / or the acidic compound (17).

[0157] In the separation sub-step 4.1, the mixture is discharged using a sieve 2 (21) and a press 2 (22).

[0158] Optionally, a transfer pump (20) can be used to unload reactor 2 (19) onto sieve 2 (21).

[0159] The sieve 2 (21) operates by gravity acting on all components chelated from the plant material, which are separated in a closed sieve, with the retained solid material being introduced into the press 2 (21) and the liquid product being introduced into the concentrator / distiller (7).

[0160] Pressing step 2 (22) includes receiving solid material from sieve 2 (21), reducing the moisture content of the solid material to up to 60%, and introducing the solid material into reactor 3 (23). The liquid product obtained from this step is further introduced into a concentrator / distiller (7).

[0161] In sub-step 4.2, the terpene-containing liquid phase passes through a concentrator / distiller (7). In a preferred embodiment, the terpene-containing liquid phase is additionally introduced into a distillation column (9), where the absorption of terpenes (10') occurs at a controlled temperature of 40°C to 95°C. Fractionation is performed based on differences in volatility, and the product is then sent to a terpene storage tank (10).

[0162] The fruit and vegetable water (8') produced in this step is introduced into water tank 1 (8), which supplies water to water tank 2 (15) to supply the method or return to nature.

[0163] Step 5: Acid synthesis to release polysaccharides

[0164] A primary objective of step 5 is to remove residues from the preceding processes, wherein the material from press 2 (22) is mixed with solvent (35) in reactor 3 (23) and the liquid ultimately recovered from the method, which comes from sieve 4 (29) and press 4 (30), is added.

[0165] The solvent (35) used in step 5) is selected from, but not limited to, ethanol, propanol, butanol or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the solvent (35) is ethanol.

[0166] This step is carried out with stirring at 30 rpm to 42 rpm for 10 to 30 minutes without raising the temperature. The concentration of the solvent (35) in step 5 can vary from 40% to 70%. In a preferred embodiment, the solvent is present at a preferred concentration of 50% to 60% in step 5.

[0167] Mixing time and stirring speed can vary depending on the citrus variety and region.

[0168] Optionally, the concentration of solvent (35) can be adjusted.

[0169] Step 5 includes the following sub-steps:

[0170] Step 5) - The second retained solid material obtained in step 4.1 is placed into reactor 3 (23), and solvent (35) and at least one solvent recovered from process (29 or 30) are added;

[0171] 5.1 Separate the mixture obtained in step 5) to obtain the residual liquid phase and the third retained solid substance.

[0172] In the separation sub-step 5.1, the mixture is discharged using a sieve 3 (25) and a press 3 (26).

[0173] Optionally, a transfer pump (24) can be used to unload reactor 3 (12) onto sieve 3 (25).

[0174] The sieve 3 (25) operates by gravity of all the chelated residual components, which are separated in a closed sieve, and the retained solids are introduced into the press 3 (26), while the liquid products are introduced into the reactor 2 (19) in the countercurrent system.

[0175] The pressing step 3 (26) involves receiving solid material from sieve 3 (25), reducing the moisture content of the solid material by up to 50%, and then introducing the solid material into reactor 4 (27). The liquid product obtained from this step is further introduced into reactor 2 (19) in a countercurrent system.

[0176] Phase 6: Neutralization and Recovery of Beneficial Polysaccharides

[0177] The purpose of this step is to stabilize the substance composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and other carboxyl groups (such as pectin) to form prebiotic fibers with different functions.

[0178] Step 6 includes mixing the material from the compressor 3 (26) with the solvent (35) recovered from the concentrator / distiller (7) in the reactor 4 (27) and adding the neutralizing compound (18).

[0179] Adjust the pH of the mixture from step 6 to a range of 3.5 to 6.5 using an acid or base. This step is carried out under conditions of no temperature rise and a stirring speed varying between 30 rpm and 42 rpm for 10–30 minutes. Mixing time and stirring speed may vary depending on the citrus variety and region.

[0180] The acids that can be used for neutralization are selected from nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, and mixtures thereof. The bases that can be used for neutralization are selected from potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. The preferred acids and bases are nitric acid and potassium hydroxide, respectively.

[0181] The concentration of solvent (35) in step 6 can vary between 50% and 80%, preferably between 60% and 70%.

[0182] Then, the retained material is subjected to the following sub-steps:

[0183] 6.1 - Separating the mixture into a liquid phase and a product rich in polysaccharide fibers; and

[0184] 6.2 - The obtained material is dried in drying system 1 (31), then ground in mill 2 (32), and then dried in drying system 2 (34) to obtain prebiotic fiber (33') containing polysaccharides.

[0185] In the separation sub-step 6.1, the mixture is discharged using a sieve 4 (29) and a press 4 (30).

[0186] Optionally, a transfer pump (28) can be used to unload reactor 4 (27) onto sieve 4 (29).

[0187] The sieve 4 (29) operates by gravity of the mixture, which is separated in the closed sieve. The retained solids are introduced into the press 4 (30), while the liquid products are introduced into the reactor 3 (23) in the countercurrent system.

[0188] Pressing step 4 (26) involves receiving solid material from sieve 4 (29), reducing the moisture content of the solid material by up to 50%, and then introducing the solid material into drying system 1 (31). The liquid product obtained from this step is further introduced into reactor 3 (23) in a countercurrent system.

[0189] The heat conduction drying system 1 (31) is designed to dry solid material from the press 4 (26), wherein drying is carried out in a continuous flow at a temperature below 70°C, wherein the material is exposed for 10 to 40 minutes. In a preferred embodiment, drying occurs in a temperature range of 35°C to 70°C. Variations in time and temperature depend on the moisture content of the solid material.

[0190] Optionally, the product obtained from the drying system 1 (31) can be particle-sized in the mill 2 (32) to meet commercial specifications.

[0191] In another embodiment, the second drying system 2 (34) may be necessary to obtain the dried solid material.

[0192] Following step 6.2, functional prebiotic fiber (33') containing polysaccharides was obtained.

[0193] The functional prebiotic fiber obtained by the method of this invention can be used in the food industry as a food, food ingredient or food additive.

[0194] Given its high water retention, water binding, and emulsifying capabilities, the functional prebiotic fiber of this invention can be applied to the preparation of baked goods, milk-based beverages, dairy products, sauces and soups, processed meats, and pet foods.

[0195] The functional prebiotic fiber of this invention also has the property of helping to control the pH value of the skin and can be used in cosmetics.

[0196] The method for fractionation and complete recovery, which is the object of the present invention, will now be described according to specific but non-limiting embodiments, as embodiments thereof may be implemented in different ways and variations, and according to the applications required by those skilled in the art, the scope of which is defined by the claims.

[0197] Compared with conventional methods, the method of the present invention is implemented as follows:

[0198] First, collect fruit samples from several citrus varieties and perform the following procedures:

[0199] I. Process the fruit in an FTE-JBT Foodtech series juicer. Weigh the juice for mass balance calculation.

[0200] II. Collect and weigh the natural fruit peels.

[0201] III. The peel is processed in a tiger-type knife grinder with a 32mm screen, then the same material is divided into two equal parts and fed to the following two types of methods:

[0202] Example 1 - Conventional pectin extraction method; and

[0203] • Example 2 - A complete citrus genus recovery method according to the present invention.

[0204] Example 1: Conventional Extraction Method

[0205] The conventional method for pectin extraction is as follows: After standardizing the particle size, 18.0 kg of pericarp is weighed and washed three times with deionized water at a ratio of 2:1 until a hammer weight of 0.8 is obtained by treating it with a vibrator for 20 minutes in an open container.

[0206] Between each wash, the mixture was separated in a horizontal bagasse press until the final moisture content was 84-87%. The collected liquid was sent for analysis. Then, after final pressing, 15.0 kg of treated pericarp was added to a 50 L pilot reactor with a water / perfume ratio of 2.5:1. The natural pH range was 4.2 to 4.5, the temperature was up to 65 °C, and the mixture was stirred at a constant speed of 42 rpm for 60 minutes. After 60 minutes, the pH was adjusted to 2.0 with 65% nitric acid, and 8-10% acid was added on a dry basis. Feeding was carried out at 68 °C for 240 minutes.

[0207] After the extraction process, the liquid is filtered through a pilot-scale vacuum filter.

[0208] The material retained on the filter was weighed and dried at 65°C (PECF) to separate the pectin-like liquid.

[0209] The pH of the pectin-like liquid was adjusted to 3.8 using a 10% KOH solution, and then an ion exchange process was performed using an ion exchange resin for 30 minutes.

[0210] The liquid was separated from the resin and precipitated in 92g ethanol. This process was repeated three times at a 2:1 ratio to form pectin fibers, which were then pressed until the moisture content was reduced to <60% BU.

[0211] The resulting samples were dried in an oven at a controlled temperature of 65°C until the moisture content of the samples decreased by 10% BS.

[0212] Example 2: Method for implementing the method of the present invention

[0213] After processing citrus peel in a tiger-type knife grinder, a portion of the raw material is sent to method 2, which includes the steps and parameters proposed in this invention.

[0214] Method 2 for complete recovery of citrus fruit was performed as follows: 15.0 kg of size-standardized, untreated fresh peel was added to a 50 L pilot reactor, and a mixture containing hydrated ethanol and a 15% EDTA complex solution was received at a ratio of 2:1 to obtain a 43 GL mixture. The natural pH of the mixture was confirmed to be 3.5–4.5, and stirring was maintained for 60 minutes.

[0215] After 60 minutes, adjust the pH of the mixture to approximately 3.5 with 65% nitric acid. Add less than 2% acid solution relative to the dry basis to the mixture and keep stirring for 60 minutes.

[0216] The process is then directed to a mechanical horizontal bagasse press, where moisture is reduced. The liquid is recovered for use in a flavonoid fractionation process.

[0217] The solids are returned to the reactor, where a new mixture containing hydrated ethanol, a 15% EDTA complex solution, and 65% nitric acid is added at a ratio of 2:1 to adjust the pH to 3.5. The acid concentration in the mixture is less than 2% on a dry basis. Stirring is maintained for 60 minutes to obtain a 43GL mixture. This process is then redirected back to a mechanical horizontal bagasse press, where moisture is reduced. The liquid is recovered for use in the terpene fractionation process.

[0218] The solids are returned to the reactor, where a fresh mixture containing hydrated ethanol, a 15% EDTA complex solution, and 65% nitric acid is added at a ratio of 2:1 to adjust the pH to approximately 2.5. The acid concentration in the mixture is less than 2% on a dry basis. Stirring is maintained for 60 minutes to obtain a 50 GL mixture. This process is then directed to a mechanical horizontal bagasse press, where moisture is reduced. The liquid recovered from sample A1 is used in a countercurrent process.

[0219] The solids were returned to the reactor and mixed with hydrated ethanol at a 2:1 ratio, stirred for 30 minutes until a 60GL mixture was obtained. The process was then directed to a mechanical horizontal bagasse press, where moisture was reduced. Liquid from sample A2 was recovered for a countercurrent process.

[0220] The solids were returned to the reactor and mixed with hydrated ethanol at a 2:1 ratio, stirred for 30 minutes until a 70GL mixture was obtained. The pH was adjusted to 3.8 with potassium hydroxide. This process was then directed to a mechanical horizontal bagasse press, where moisture was reduced. The liquid recovered from sample B was used in a countercurrent process.

[0221] The solid material was oven-dried and returned to the reactor to be mixed with hydrated ethanol at a ratio of 2:1 for 30 minutes until a 70 GL mixture was obtained. The pH was adjusted to 3.8 with potassium hydroxide. The solid material was then dried in an oven at a controlled temperature of 65°C until the sample moisture content decreased by 10% BS.

[0222] Example 3: Method for implementing the method of the present invention

[0223] Alternative embodiments of method 2 are described below:

[0224] 15.0 kg of particle-normalized, untreated fresh fruit peel was added to a 50 L pilot reactor, and a mixture containing hydrated ethanol and a 15% EDTA complex solution was received at a ratio of 2:1 to obtain a 43 GL mixture. The natural pH of the mixture was found to be 3.5–4.5.

[0225] After 60 minutes, adjust the pH of the mixture to approximately 3.5 with 65% nitric acid. Add less than 2% acid solution relative to the dry basis to the mixture and keep stirring for 60 minutes.

[0226] The process is then directed to a mechanical horizontal bagasse press, where moisture is reduced. The liquid is recovered for use in a flavonoid fractionation process.

[0227] The solids were returned to the reactor in a 2:1 ratio to liquid from a previous test (sample A2), which contained 15% EDTA complex solution and 65% nitric acid, and the pH was adjusted to 3.5. The acid concentration in the mixture was less than 2% on a dry basis. Stirring was maintained for 60 minutes to obtain a 43GL mixture. This process was then redirected back to a mechanical horizontal bagasse press, where moisture was reduced. The liquid was recovered for use in the terpene fractionation process.

[0228] The solids were returned to the reactor in a 2:1 ratio with liquid from a previous test (sample A1), which contained 15% EDTA complex solution and 65% nitric acid, adjusting the pH to approximately 2.5. The acid concentration in the mixture was less than 2% on a dry basis. Stirring was maintained for 60 minutes to obtain a 50 GL mixture. This process was then directed to a mechanical horizontal bagasse press, where moisture was reduced. The recovered liquid was used for analysis of terpenes and flavonoids.

[0229] The solids are returned to the reactor and mixed with hydrated ethanol at a 2:1 ratio, stirred for 30 minutes until a 60 GL mixture is obtained. This process is then directed to a mechanical horizontal bagasse press, where moisture is reduced. The recovered liquid is used for analysis of terpenes and flavonoids.

[0230] The solids are returned to the reactor and mixed with hydrated ethanol at a 2:1 ratio, stirred for 30 minutes until a 70 GL mixture is obtained. The pH is then adjusted to 3.8 with potassium hydroxide. This process is then directed to a mechanical horizontal bagasse press, where moisture is reduced. The recovered liquid is used for analysis of terpenes and flavonoids.

[0231] The solid material was oven-dried and returned to the reactor to be mixed with hydrated ethanol at a ratio of 2:1 for 30 minutes until a 70 GL mixture was obtained. The pH was adjusted to 3.8 with potassium hydroxide. The solid material was then dried in an oven at a controlled temperature of 65°C until the sample moisture content decreased by 10% BS.

[0232] Experiment 1: Comparison of products obtained by conventional extraction methods and products obtained by the method of this invention

[0233] To assess the potential of the prebiotic fiber (33') produced in the final process of this invention, experiments were conducted to evaluate the stability of the fiber when applied to milk samples.

[0234] Samples were extracted from tests conducted based on the procedures described in Examples 1, 2, and 3. A total of 42 tests were performed, resulting in 912 samples.

[0235] The generated samples are named as follows:

[0236] • PEC - Pectin sample from Example 1

[0237] • PEC 2 - A sample of residual solids from the pectin process of Example 1;

[0238] • Method 1 - Liquid sample from the first complexation step, containing flavonoids from Example 3;

[0239] • Method 2 - Liquid sample from the second stage of terpene complexation in Example 3; and

[0240] • Prebiotic fiber – a sample of total solids in this method.

[0241] To verify the efficiency of the prebiotic fiber obtained by the present invention relative to conventionally used pectin, experiments were conducted to evaluate the milk protein stabilization ability of the prebiotic fiber of the present invention and compare it with the stability obtained by pectin.

[0242] The preparation of samples for stability testing includes the following steps:

[0243] 1. First, prepare a 1.00% sample solution;

[0244] 2. Add 700 mL of deionized water to the beaker;

[0245] 3. Add 10g of sample to water and mix for 5 minutes using a high-speed stirrer; and

[0246] 4. Transfer all the solution to a 1000mL volumetric flask and fill to the mark.

[0247] For each experiment, prepare a 5L batch of 20% standard skim milk solution. Adjust the solution to pH 4.2 with citric acid and stir continuously for 5 minutes. Then, quickly transfer the solution to 300mL centrifuge tubes. The amounts of water, sample solution, and milk for each beverage are specified in Table 1 below:

[0248] Table 1: Sample preparation data for comparative milk protein stability tests:

[0249] Sample concentration % Sample solution (g) Water (g) 20% milk (g) Total weight (g) 0.000 0 100 100 200 0.100 20 80 100 200 0.125 25 75 100 200 0.150 30 70 100 200 0.175 35 65 100 200 0.200 40 60 100 200

[0250] Then, place the test tube containing the solution in a water bath and agitate and magnetically stir on a grid for 30 minutes at 55°C. Then centrifuge (Thermo Nunc centrifuge, centrifugal force up to 7000g, adapter 75003788), and dry the precipitate at the bottom of the centrifuge cone at 50°C until the moisture content is 10%, and weigh it to determine the percentage (%) of the precipitate.

[0251] The percentage (%) of precipitate is an important parameter determining milk stability. As the pH level of milk decreases, casein molecules become unstable, causing the milk to coagulate and produce precipitate. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment was to record the equilibrium of casein stability after adding samples of different concentrations. A higher percentage of pectin precipitate indicates greater instability and lower efficiency of the stabilizer (the pectin or prebiotic fiber of this invention).

[0252] The detailed results of Experiment 1 are shown in Table 2 below.

[0253] Table 2: Results of Experiment 1, used to evaluate the percentage of pectin precipitation and its stability performance.

[0254]

[0255]

[0256] All other tests 2 through 42 confirmed that the PEC sample obtained by pectin extraction could provide a yield in the range of 20.6% to 28.85%, with an average of 24.57%. Other tests 2 through 42 also confirmed that the probiotic fiber sample of the present invention provided a yield of 97.98% to 98.98%, with an average yield of 98.47%.

[0257] The data also shows, surprisingly, that, according to Figure 2 According to the data, the fiber sample of the present invention, even with a pectin content four times lower than that of conventional pectin, exhibits excellent milk stability performance and obtains a polynomial curve with a 27% higher efficiency.

[0258] The sample obtained from the pectin extraction method (Example 1) was also tested with reference to PEC 2 (sample of residual solids from the pectin extraction method), where it was found that the residual sample did not show any stabilization results.

[0259] Experiment 2: Characterization of the product obtained by the method of the present invention

[0260] The products obtained from the tests conducted in Examples 1, 2, and 3 will be sent for testing to obtain appropriate characterization.

[0261] In these trials, the following aspects of the final prebiotic fiber product were evaluated: yield, water retention capacity (WHC), light and color transmission, and SAG (Strain-induced Alignment in aGel), i.e., the ability of sugar-linked gelling pectin.

[0262] Color measurement was performed using a Minolta Chroma Meter CR-300.

[0263] The procedure of the SAG method follows that of Cox and Higby (Food Inds., 16, 441 (1944)) and Joseph and Baier (Food Technol. 3, 18 (1949)) and incorporates improvements to the IFT method 5-54 (Food Technology. Vol 13, 496-500ff (1959)).

[0264] The determination was made by means of a spectrophotometer using the light transmission method with a heated 1% solution via conventional known methods.

[0265] Comparing the yield results of average and individual data, it is demonstrated that the prebiotic fiber of the present invention has a yield that is 4.5 times higher, and the same efficiency in application is confirmed by the GAS test.

[0266] WHC results, comparing average and individual data, demonstrate that the prebiotic fiber of this invention has twice the water absorption of conventional pectin samples. Conventional commercially available synthetic fibers exhibit a value of 10-15 g / g. The prebiotic fiber of this invention exhibits 45-70% higher absorption than commercially available conventional fibers.

[0267] The pectin described in Example 1 did not show any absorption results because it is soluble in water.

[0268] Comparative results from average or individual data, as well as light and color transmission tests, demonstrate that the prebiotic fiber of this invention has twice the water absorption rate of pectin samples. Conventional commercially available synthetic fibers exhibit a value of 10-15 g / g. The probiotic fiber of this invention further exhibits 45-70% higher water absorption than commercially available fibers.

[0269] In SAG tests, the prebiotic fibers of the present invention showed results close to those of average or individual pectin samples, even though the fibers had a pectin content 4 times lower than that of conventional pectin in their composition.

[0270] When the fiber was adjusted to the sample volume to contain 50% of the pectin present in the analysis, the result was twice as large.

[0271] When the fiber was adjusted to a sample volume containing 75% of the pectin present in the analysis, the result was greater than 270, appearing outside the reading range.

[0272] Finally, it was found that the residual material samples obtained by conventional pectin extraction methods showed results below the reading range, which were insufficient to gel the product.

[0273] Therefore, it has been unexpectedly discovered that the prebiotic fiber of the present invention can provide the same function as pectin, and also makes the product rich in natural fiber, thereby giving it prebiotic function.

[0274] The characterization results of the product are shown in Table 3.

[0275] Table 3: Yield data, WHC, TL, color, and SAG of prebiotic fibers

[0276]

[0277] Characterization data of the prebiotic fibers of the present invention show that the WHC ranges from 19.3 g / g to 24.2 g / g, the light transmittance ranges from 35 TL% to 47 TL, the color ranges from 85 to 92 (composed of colors that are whiter than the slightly yellowish colors available in the market), and the SAG ranges from 118 to 149.

[0278] Other products produced in the method of the present invention have also been evaluated and characterized as follows:

[0279] • Flavonoids: Hesperidin diosmin is composed of flavonoids, which are obtained from citrus fruits two weeks after the petals have fallen through conventional fruit methods (called chumbinho in its young stage).

[0280] Flavonoids are concentrated because they are not consumed because the fruit is small, but as the fruit grows, hesperidin is consumed by the fruit. When juice is extracted normally, the pellets are also extracted in their young stage, so the fruit cannot grow and ripen, and therefore, it is impossible to extract hesperidin diosmin.

[0281] The method of the present invention can recover hesperidin regardless of the stage in the fruit, with results showing a yield of 0.3% to 2% and a purity of 50% to 80% relative to the dry basis of the solid matter.

[0282] • In conventional juice processing, citrus terpenes are recovered through evaporation and centrifugation, and are also recovered from the water produced by concentrating natural juice, in which 60-70% of the available oil in the fruit is recovered.

[0283] However, 25% to 40% of the terpene-rich oil is lost in the residual peels produced in juice factories.

[0284] The method of the present invention allows for the complete recovery of terpenes lost in citrus peels with a recovery rate of 100%, and the yield varies depending on the citrus variety.

[0285] The fertilizer is characterized by a minimum available NPK limit of 2% nitrogen content. In the method of this invention, it is possible to achieve a nitrogen content of 2% to 6% without the need to add synthetic compounds to increase its capacity.

Claims

1. A method for fractionating and recovering flavonoids, terpenes, and polysaccharides from plant material, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Adjust the particle size of the plant material in the grinder; 2) The ground plant material is placed in reactor 1, and a complexing compound and solvent are added to obtain a mixture with a pH of 3.0 to 4.5 and a temperature of 20°C to 35°C; the solvent in step 2) is selected from ethanol, propanol, butanol or mixtures thereof, with a concentration ranging from 40% to 50% by weight. 3) Add an acidic compound to the mixture obtained in step 2) to obtain a mixture with a pH of 2.5 to 3.5 and a temperature of 20°C to 35°C; 3.1 - Optionally, the fruit and vegetable water recovered from water tank 2 in this method is added to the mixture obtained in step 3); 3.2 - Separate the mixture obtained in step 3) to obtain a liquid phase containing flavonoids and terpenoids and a first retained solid substance; 3.3 - The liquid phase containing flavonoids and terpenes is fed to a concentrator / distiller to separate flavonoids, fruit and vegetable water, and NPK organic fertilizer, as well as volatile solvents, wherein the volatile solvents are returned to reactor 4. 4) The first retained solid material obtained in step 3.2 is placed into reactor 2, and a complexing compound, an acidic compound, optionally at least one solvent recovered from sieve 3 or press 3 and a solvent selected from ethanol, propanol, butanol or mixtures thereof, in a concentration range of 40% to 60% by weight are added; the aforementioned components are mixed at a pH of 2.5 to 4.5 and a temperature of 35°C to 55°C. 4.1 - Separate the mixture obtained in step 4) to obtain a liquid phase containing terpenes and a second retained solid substance; 4.2 - The liquid phase containing terpenes is sent to a terpene-producing concentrator / distillation apparatus; 5) The second retained solid material obtained in step 4.1 is placed into reactor 3, and optionally at least one solvent recovered from sieve 4 or press 4 and a solvent selected from ethanol, propanol, butanol or mixtures thereof, in a concentration range of 40% to 70% by weight are added. 5.1 - Separate the mixture obtained in step 5) to obtain the residual liquid phase and the third retained solid substance; and 6) The third retained solid material obtained in step 5.1 is transferred to reactor 4, and the mixture is neutralized by adding a neutralizing compound and solvent volatilized from the concentrator / distiller to recover the functional fiber containing polysaccharides; The neutralization step in step 6) is carried out at a pH of 3.5 to 6.5 and with stirring at 30 to 42 rpm. in: - The plant material is the peel of a citrus fruit; - The complexing compounds in steps 2) and 4) are selected from ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, triacetin, or mixtures thereof, with a concentration ranging from 5% to 40% by weight. - The acidic compounds in steps 3) and 4) are selected from nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid or mixtures thereof, and the concentration of the acidic compound is less than 5% by weight of the total mass of the mixture.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fruit is selected from oranges, Tahiti lemons, Sicilian lemons, tangerines, limes, grapefruits, mandarins, pomelos, or mixtures thereof.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grinder is a blade grinder, in which the particle size of the plant material is adjusted, with a particle size range of 2mm to 20mm.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Step 3.2, which separates the mixture, also includes sieving step 1 and pressing step 1.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Sub-step 3.3 includes heating the liquid phase obtained in sub-step 3.2 to a concentration of 40° to 65°C in a concentrator / distiller at a temperature of 70° to 92°.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The flavonoid-containing concentrate obtained in the concentrator / distiller of sub-step 3.3 is optionally sent to a crystallizer, where a neutralizing compound is added to adjust the pH to 8 to 11, and the flavonoid compound is crystallized at a temperature of 15 to 30°C.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The flavonoid crystal concentrate obtained from sub-step 3.3 is subjected to tangential flow ultrafiltration to separate NPK organic fertilizer.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, In step 4), at least one solvent recovered from the sieve 3 or the press 3 is selected from ethanol, propanol, butanol or a mixture thereof, with a concentration of 40% to 60% by weight.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Sub-step 4.1, which separates the mixture, also includes sieving step 2 and pressing step 2.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Sub-step 4.2 includes heating the terpene-containing liquid phase obtained in step 4.1 at a temperature of 40°C to 95°C in a concentrator / distiller.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, In step 5), at least one solvent recovered from sieve 4 or press 4 is selected from ethanol, propanol, butanol or mixtures thereof, with a concentration of 40% to 60% by weight.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The neutralizing compound in step 6) is potassium hydroxide.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The method also includes a stage of dehydrating the solid material by means of a drying system that uses heat conduction at temperatures below 70°C.

14. A prebiotic fiber containing polysaccharides, obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, The prebiotic fiber has a water retention capacity of 19.3 to 24.2 g / g, a light transmittance of 35 TL% to 47 TL%, a color of 85 to 92, and a strain-induced arrangement of 118 to 149 in the gel.

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