A loess thickness model construction method, a seismic exploration implementation method and device

Abstract

The application discloses a loess thickness model construction, a seismic exploration implementation method and device. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a rock top interface control point according to collected seismic exploration data of a work area; and / or selecting a rock top interface control point according to a main gully branch development and distribution of the work area; establishing a work area elevation data body according to digital elevation model (DEM) data and measured shot point elevation data; determining a rock exposure area and a loess coverage area range and a rock top interface of the loess coverage area according to the rock top interface control point and the work area elevation data body; and establishing a loess thickness model based on the rock exposure area and the loess coverage area range and the rock top interface of the loess coverage area. The method can improve the accuracy of the loess thickness model, obtain more accurate loess thickness data and improve the seismic data quality during oil and gas exploration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geophysical engineering technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for constructing a loess thickness model and implementing seismic exploration. Background Technology

[0002] During oil and gas exploration, some areas have Tertiary or Quaternary loess layers on the surface, with significant lateral variations in loess thickness. These layers severely absorb and attenuate seismic signals, leading to poor seismic data quality. In such cases, a loess thickness model is typically used to create excitation zones, determine optimal excitation factors, and improve seismic data quality. Low accuracy in the loess thickness model construction will reduce data quality and increase exploration costs.

[0003] The conventional method for constructing a loess thickness model is to use high-resolution aerial or satellite imagery to find the loess-rock boundary point as a control point, and then obtain the loess-rock interface (rock top interface) through interpolation and smoothing to establish the loess thickness model. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The inventors of this application have discovered that in areas with thick loess, loess-rock boundaries are scarce and poorly identifiable on high-resolution aerial or satellite imagery, resulting in insufficient control points and reduced accuracy in subsequent calculations. The commonly used interpolation method is Kriging interpolation, which performs optimal interpolation based on the values ​​of surrounding points. However, in loess plateau regions, the loess-rock interface has a strong positive correlation with surface undulations, and Kriging interpolation does not consider this correlation, leading to low accuracy in the resulting loess thickness model. Therefore, improving the accuracy of the loess thickness model to solve the aforementioned technical problems, thereby improving the quality of seismic data during oil and gas exploration and ultimately increasing exploration accuracy, is a pressing technical challenge in this field.

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention is proposed to provide a method and apparatus for constructing a loess thickness model and conducting seismic exploration to overcome or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0006] This invention provides a method for constructing a loess thickness model, comprising:

[0007] Based on the collected seismic exploration data of the work area, select control points for the top interface of the rock; and / or based on the satellite imagery of the work area, determine the development and distribution of the main gullies in the work area, and select control points for the top interface of the rock.

[0008] Based on the digital elevation model (DEM) data and the measured elevation data of the shot receiver points, a work area elevation data volume is established;

[0009] Based on the rock top interface control points and the work area elevation data, the extent of the rock exposed area and the loess covered area, as well as the rock top interface of the loess covered area, are determined.

[0010] A loess thickness model was established based on the extent of the exposed rock zone and the loess-covered zone, as well as the top interface of the rock in the loess-covered zone.

[0011] In some optional embodiments, the step of selecting rock top interface control points based on the collected seismic exploration data of the work area includes:

[0012] Based on at least one of the following seismic exploration data—near-shot offset distance, surface survey point data, and near-surface structure data obtained from first-arrival inversion—a rock top interface control point is selected, and the location and elevation of the rock top interface control point are determined.

[0013] In some optional embodiments, the step of selecting a rock top interface control point based on at least one of the near-shot offset distance, surface survey point data, and first-arrival inverted near-surface structure data included in the seismic exploration data, and determining the location and elevation of the rock top interface control point, includes:

[0014] Based on at least one of the near-shot offset distance, surface survey point data, and near-surface structure data obtained from first-arrival inversion included in the seismic exploration data, a rock top interface control point is selected, and the location of the rock top interface control point is obtained from the seismic exploration data.

[0015] For the control points of the rock top interface selected based on the near-shot offset distance, the loess thickness h of the control points of the rock top interface is determined by the following formula:

[0016]

[0017] in, v0 is the direct wave velocity, v1 is the low-speed-decay zone velocity, v2 is the refractive layer velocity, and x is the x-wave velocity. d is the offset distance corresponding to the intersection of the direct wave and the refracted wave, and h is the thickness of the loess;

[0018] For the control points of the rock top interface selected based on surface survey data and near-surface structure data obtained from first arrival inversion, the loess thickness h at the control points of the rock top interface is determined by the following formula:

[0019]

[0020] Among them, h i Let be the thickness of the i-th layer in the loess stratification, and h be the total thickness of the n-th layer of loess.

[0021] The elevation E of the control point at the top interface of the rock is determined based on the loess thickness h. h :

[0022] E h =Eh

[0023] Among them, E hE represents the elevation of the control point at the rock top interface, and E represents the surface elevation.

[0024] In some optional embodiments, determining the development and distribution of the main gullies in the work area based on satellite imagery and selecting control points at the top rock interface includes:

[0025] The boundaries of the main gully system within the work area are delineated on satellite imagery. Several boundary points with the highest surface elevation are selected from these boundary points as control points for the rock top interface. The location and measured elevation of these control points are then obtained.

[0026] In some optional embodiments, establishing the work area elevation data volume based on the digital elevation model (DEM) data and the measured elevation data of the shot receiver points includes:

[0027] The work area is divided into grids according to the preset grid size;

[0028] Using DEM data and measured shot and receiver elevation data, the elevation data at grid intersections is extracted to obtain the work area elevation data volume.

[0029] In some optional embodiments, the extent of the exposed rock zone and the loess-covered zone, as well as the top rock interface of the loess-covered zone, are determined based on the rock top interface control points and the work area elevation data volume, including:

[0030] Based on the rock top interface control points and the work area elevation data, determine the rock top interface elevation of each rock top interface control point, and determine the area range of the rock exposed area and the loess covered area based on the rock top interface elevation.

[0031] For loess-covered areas, the surface elevation of each rock top interface control point is smoothed according to a preset time window size to obtain the smoothed surface elevation.

[0032] The smoothed ground elevation is translated horizontally and then shifted downward by a set amount to obtain the shifted ground elevation.

[0033] Based on the surface elevation and rock top interface elevation after the control points of each rock top interface are moved down, the rock top interface of the loess-covered area that minimizes the error energy at the rock top interface control points is determined.

[0034] In some optional embodiments, based on the rock top interface control points and the work area elevation data volume, the rock top interface elevation of each rock top interface control point is determined, and the area range of the exposed rock zone and the loess-covered zone is determined based on the rock top interface elevation, including:

[0035] Calculate the elevation E of the rock top interface at the control point of the rock top interface based on the objective function ω. hK :

[0036]

[0037] Where ω is the objective function of the rock top interface model; B(E h，i b(E) is the estimated value of the point to be measured; h，i ) represents the characteristic value of adjacent observation points; L represents the weighting value; E represents the characteristic value of adjacent observation points. hK =ω(E h，i );

[0038] If the elevation of the rock top interface control point is E hK If the elevation is ≥E, where E is the surface elevation, then it belongs to the rock exposure zone;

[0039] If E hK If the value is less than E, then it belongs to the loess-covered area.

[0040] In some optional embodiments, the smoothed surface elevation is obtained using the following formula:

[0041]

[0042] Where N = 2w + 1 is the time window length, C i These are weighting coefficients. E represents the smoothing coefficient, obtained by fitting the polynomial using the least squares method. k，smooth To smooth the surface elevation, E k+i Let be the surface elevation at point k+i within the time window;

[0043] The lowered ground elevation can be obtained using the following formula:

[0044] E(w, d) k =γ*E k-μ，smooth -d

[0045] Where, E(w, d) k The elevation of the land surface after the downward shift is given by E, where γ is the amount of expansion and contraction. k-μ，smooth The smoothed surface elevation E k，smooth It is obtained by translating μ along the horizontal direction, where d is the downward displacement;

[0046] The following formula is used to determine the top rock interface of the loess-covered area that minimizes the error energy at the control point of the rock top interface:

[0047]

[0048] Where, min{E error} represents minimizing the sum of error energy, E(w, d). i E represents the surface elevation after the control point i at the top of the rock interface has shifted downwards. h，i Elevation of the rock top interface at control point i.

[0049] In some optional embodiments, establishing a loess thickness model based on the extent of the exposed rock zone and the loess-covered zone, and the top interface of the loess-covered rock zone, includes:

[0050] For areas with exposed rock, let the loess thickness h = 0;

[0051] For loess-covered areas, the loess thickness h is determined using the following formula:

[0052] h = max{EE hp ,0}

[0053] Among them, E hp E is the elevation of the top interface of the rock, and E is the surface elevation.

[0054] A loess thickness model was established based on the extent of the rock-exposed area and the loess-covered area, the loess thickness in the rock-exposed area, and the loess thickness in the loess-covered area.

[0055] In some optional embodiments, the above method further includes: selecting field measurement points according to the thickness zoning of the loess-covered area based on the loess thickness model; verifying the accuracy of the loess thickness model based on the field measurement results of the loess thickness at the field measurement points; and correcting the loess thickness model if the accuracy does not meet the requirements.

[0056] In some optional embodiments, based on the loess thickness model, field measurement points are selected according to the thickness zones of the loess-covered area. The accuracy of the loess thickness model is verified based on the field measurement results of the loess thickness at these points. If the accuracy does not meet the requirements, the loess thickness model is corrected, including:

[0057] Based on the loess thickness model, the loess-covered area is divided into different thickness zones according to its thickness.

[0058] Select field measurement points from each thickness zone, obtain the field measurement results of loess thickness at the field measurement points, and determine whether the error of the loess thickness model meets the preset error requirements based on the difference between the field measurement results of loess thickness and the loess thickness at that point in the loess thickness model.

[0059] If not, use the field measurement points as the newly added rock top interface control points, return to continue executing the steps of determining the range of the rock exposed area and loess covered area and the rock top interface of the loess covered area based on the rock top interface control points and the work area elevation data, and regenerate the loess thickness model until the error of the regenerated loess thickness model meets the preset error requirements.

[0060] This invention provides a seismic exploration method, comprising: obtaining the thickness partition attribute value at the shot point location from the loess thickness partition data of a constructed loess thickness model based on the shot point location; wherein the loess thickness model is constructed using the aforementioned loess thickness model construction method;

[0061] The seismic triggering factors for a given zone are determined based on the thickness zone attribute values.

[0062] This invention provides a loess thickness model construction device, comprising:

[0063] The control point acquisition module is used to select rock top interface control points based on the collected seismic exploration data of the work area; and / or to determine the development and distribution of the main gullies in the work area based on satellite imagery of the work area, and select rock top interface control points accordingly.

[0064] The data volume creation module is used to create the work area elevation data volume based on the digital elevation model (DEM) data and the measured elevation data of the shot and receiver points.

[0065] The data determination module is used to determine the range of the exposed rock area and the loess-covered area, as well as the top rock interface of the loess-covered area, based on the rock top interface control point and the work area elevation data.

[0066] The modeling module is used to build a loess thickness model based on the extent of the exposed rock area and the loess-covered area, as well as the top interface of the rock in the loess-covered area.

[0067] This invention provides a seismic exploration apparatus, comprising:

[0068] The attribute acquisition module is used to obtain the thickness partition attribute value at the shot receiver location from the loess thickness partition data of the constructed loess thickness model based on the shot receiver location; the loess thickness model is constructed using the loess thickness model construction method described above.

[0069] The excitation factor determination module is used to determine the seismic excitation factors of the zone based on the thickness zone attribute values.

[0070] This invention provides a computer storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the above-described loess thickness model construction method and / or the above-described seismic exploration implementation method.

[0071] This invention provides a computer device, characterized in that it includes: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, it implements the above-mentioned loess thickness model construction method and / or the above-mentioned seismic exploration implementation method.

[0072] The beneficial effects of the above-described technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following:

[0073] This method adds control points to the rock top interface based on seismic exploration data and / or satellite imagery of the work area, making the acquisition of rock top interface control points and corresponding elevation data more accurate. Then, based on the rock top interface control points and the constructed elevation data volume of the work area, the range of the exposed rock area and the loess-covered area, as well as the rock top interface of the loess-covered area, are determined. This also yields more accurate regional range and rock top interface data, making the loess thickness model more accurate and closer to the actual situation. As a result, the accuracy of the loess thickness model can be improved, more accurate loess thickness data can be obtained, and the quality of seismic data during oil and gas exploration can be improved.

[0074] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings.

[0075] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0076] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0077] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the loess thickness model construction method in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0078] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the loess thickness model construction method in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0079] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the seismic exploration implementation method in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0080] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the loess thickness model construction device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0081] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the seismic exploration implementation device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0082] Figure 6 This is an example diagram of loess thickness obtained based on different seismic exploration data in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0083] Figure 7 These are comparison images of the rock top interface elevation obtained using different methods in embodiments of the present invention;

[0084] Figure 8 This is a comparison chart of loess thickness obtained using different methods in embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0085] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0086] To address the problem of low accuracy in existing loess thickness models, which leads to low seismic data quality, this invention provides a method for constructing a loess thickness model. This method effectively improves the accuracy of the loess thickness model, thereby setting better excitation factors for different thickness regions to enhance the quality of seismic data and obtain more accurate exploration results.

[0087] Example 1

[0088] Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a method for constructing a loess thickness model, the process of which is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0089] Step S101: Select control points for the top interface of the rock based on the collected seismic exploration data of the work area; and / or determine the development and distribution of the main gullies in the work area based on satellite imagery of the work area, and select control points for the top interface of the rock.

[0090] Control points for the rock top interface can be added based on old data collected from the work area and seismic exploration data collected, or based on the gully system shown in satellite imagery of the work area. The two can complement each other to obtain more accurate information on rock top interface control points.

[0091] Based on the collected seismic exploration data of the work area, the selection of rock top interface control points includes: selecting at least one of the following based on the collected seismic exploration data of the work area: near-shot offset distance, surface survey point data, and near-surface structure data obtained from first arrival inversion; and determining the location and elevation of the rock top interface control points.

[0092] Based on the satellite imagery of the work area, determine the development and distribution of the main gullies and branches in the work area, and select control points for the rock top interface. This includes: delineating the boundaries of the main gully and branch systems within the work area on the satellite imagery of the work area, selecting several boundary points with the highest surface elevation from the boundary points as control points for the rock top interface, and obtaining the location and measured elevation of the control points for the rock top interface.

[0093] Step S102: Based on the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data and the measured elevation data of the shot receiver points, establish the elevation data body of the work area.

[0094] The work area is gridded according to the preset grid size. Using DEM data and measured blast and receiver elevation data, the elevation data at the grid intersections is extracted to obtain the work area elevation data volume.

[0095] Step S103: Based on the selected rock top interface control points and the established work area elevation data volume, determine the range of the exposed rock area and the loess-covered area, as well as the rock top interface of the loess-covered area.

[0096] In this step, based on the rock top interface control points and the elevation data of the work area, the rock top interface elevation of each control point is determined. Then, based on the rock top interface elevation and the corresponding surface elevation, the regional boundaries of the exposed rock area and the loess-covered area are determined. The extent of the exposed rock area can be calculated using Kriging interpolation, thereby determining the regional boundaries of the exposed rock area and the loess-covered area.

[0097] Using the elevation data volume of the work area and control points of the rock top interface, the rock top interface is calculated through an interpolation algorithm based on surface undulation. In loess-covered areas, the rock top interface often has a strong positive correlation with surface undulation. Through this correlation, a relatively accurate rock top interface E can be constructed. hs The construction process includes: for the loess-covered area, smoothing the surface elevation of each rock top interface control point according to a preset time window size to obtain the smoothed surface elevation; translating the smoothed surface elevation horizontally and then shifting it downward by a set amount to obtain the shifted surface elevation; and determining the rock top interface of the loess-covered area that minimizes the error energy at the rock top interface control points based on the shifted surface elevation and the rock top interface elevation.

[0098] Step S104: Establish a loess thickness model based on the extent of the exposed rock area and the loess-covered area, as well as the top interface of the rock in the loess-covered area.

[0099] After establishing the top interface of the rock in the loess-covered area, the elevation of each point in the loess-covered area can be obtained from the top interface. For the exposed rock area, the loess thickness is set to 0; for the loess-covered area, the loess thickness h is determined based on the top interface elevation and the surface elevation; a loess thickness model is established based on the extent of the exposed rock area and the loess-covered area, the loess thickness in the exposed rock area, and the loess thickness in the loess-covered area.

[0100] In some optional embodiments, the above method further includes:

[0101] Step S105: Based on the loess thickness model, select field measurement points according to the thickness zones of the loess-covered area. Verify the accuracy of the loess thickness model based on the field measurement results of the loess thickness at the field measurement points, and correct the loess thickness model if the accuracy does not meet the requirements.

[0102] This step involves dividing the loess-covered area into different thickness zones based on the loess thickness model; selecting field measurement points from each thickness zone to obtain the field measurement results of the loess thickness at each point; determining whether the error of the loess thickness model meets the preset error requirements based on the difference between the field measurement results and the loess thickness at that point in the loess thickness model; if not, using the field measurement points as newly added rock top interface control points, returning to continue executing the step of determining the rock exposed area, loess-covered area, and rock top interface of the loess-covered area based on the rock top interface control points and the work area elevation data to regenerate the loess thickness model until the error of the regenerated loess thickness model meets the preset error requirements.

[0103] The number of thickness zones can be set as needed, and the thickness range of each thickness zone can also be set as needed. For example, based on the loess thickness model, the loess-covered area can be divided into different thickness zones according to thickness, including thin loess zones, medium-thickness loess zones, thick loess zones, and extremely thick loess zones. Then, several field measurement points are selected from each of the thin loess zones, medium-thickness loess zones, thick loess zones, and extremely thick loess zones. Based on the field measurement values ​​of loess thickness at the field measurement points and the loess thickness values ​​at those points in the loess thickness model, the error of the loess thickness model is determined, and it is judged whether the error of the loess thickness model exceeds the preset error range.

[0104] Step S105 is an optional step, which optimizes the model to further improve accuracy.

[0105] The method described in this embodiment adds control points to the rock top interface based on the seismic exploration data and / or satellite imagery of the work area, making the acquisition of rock top interface control points and corresponding elevation data more accurate. Then, based on the rock top interface control points and the constructed elevation data volume of the work area, the range of the exposed rock area and the loess-covered area, as well as the rock top interface of the loess-covered area, are determined. This also yields more accurate regional range and rock top interface data, resulting in a more accurate loess thickness model that is closer to reality. Consequently, the accuracy of the loess thickness model is improved, more accurate loess thickness data is obtained, and the quality of seismic data during oil and gas exploration is enhanced.

[0106] Example 2

[0107] Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a specific implementation process of the loess thickness model construction method, the process of which is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0108] Step S201: Collect seismic exploration data for the work area.

[0109] Collect existing surface data relevant to the work area or adjacent areas. In the Loess Plateau region, the level of exploration has been continuously increasing, moving from two-dimensional and broad-line exploration to three-dimensional exploration with "two widths and one height." Many work areas have a wealth of existing data. Collect surface survey data, single-shot data and SPS data from test points or lines, production single-shot and SPS data, static correction and first-arrival data, etc., within the work area or adjacent areas. This will yield seismic exploration data for the work area, including but not limited to near-shot offset distances, surface survey point data, and near-surface structure data derived from first-arrival inversions.

[0110] Step S202: Select a rock top interface control point based on at least one of the following: near-shot offset distance, surface survey point data, and near-surface structure data obtained from first arrival inversion, and determine the location, elevation, and loess thickness of the rock top interface control point.

[0111] In this step, the rock top interface control point is added using old data. The rock top interface control point can be selected based on at least one of the following: near shot offset distance, surface survey point data (including ultra-deep micro-logging data), and near-surface structure data obtained from first arrival inversion. The location of the rock top interface control point is obtained from the seismic exploration data.

[0112] For the control points of the rock top interface selected based on the near-shot offset distance, the loess thickness h of the control points of the rock top interface is determined by the following formula:

[0113]

[0114] in, v0 is the direct wave velocity, v1 is the low-speed-decay zone velocity, v2 is the refractive layer velocity, and x is the x-wave velocity. d is the offset distance corresponding to the intersection of the direct wave and the refracted wave, and h is the thickness of the loess;

[0115] For the control points of the rock top interface selected based on surface survey data and near-surface structure data obtained from first arrival inversion, the loess thickness h at the control points of the rock top interface is determined by the following formula:

[0116]

[0117] Among them, h i Let be the thickness of the i-th layer in the loess stratification, and h be the total thickness of the n-th layer of loess.

[0118] The elevation E of the control point at the top interface of the rock is determined based on the loess thickness h. h :

[0119] Eh =Eh (3)

[0120] Among them, E h E represents the elevation of the control point at the rock top interface, and E represents the surface elevation.

[0121] In other words, different calculation methods can be used to determine the loess thickness and elevation at the control point of the rock top interface for different old data:

[0122] Using single-shot near offset data, the loess thickness h is first determined by formula (1), and then the elevation E of the control point at the rock top interface is determined by formula (3). h The location of control points at the top of the rock interface is determined using SPS data, thereby obtaining data such as the location, elevation, and loess thickness of these control points. SPS is a data recording format used in seismic exploration.

[0123] Using the interpretation results of ultra-deep micro-logging, the loess thickness h is first determined by formula (2), and then the elevation E of the control point at the top of the rock is determined by formula (3). h The location of the rock top interface control point was determined by SPS data, thereby obtaining data such as the location, elevation, and loess thickness of the rock top interface control point.

[0124] Using surface survey data, the location of the rock excavation point is found. The loess thickness h is determined by formula (2), and the elevation E of the rock top interface control point is determined by formula (3). h By using SPS data, the location of the control point at the top of the rock is determined, thereby obtaining data such as the location, elevation, and loess thickness of the control point at the top of the rock.

[0125] Using the near-surface structure model data obtained from the initial arrival inversion, the loess thickness h is determined by formula (2), and then the elevation E of the control point at the top of the rock is determined by formula (3). h By using SPS data, the location of the control point at the top of the rock is determined, thereby obtaining data such as the location, elevation, and loess thickness of the control point at the top of the rock.

[0126] Step S203: Based on the satellite imagery of the work area, determine the development and distribution of the main gullies in the work area, select the control point of the rock top interface, and obtain the location, elevation, and loess thickness of the control point of the rock top interface.

[0127] On high-resolution satellite imagery, control points for the rock top interface are added based on the development and distribution of major gullies. In the Loess Plateau region, areas with well-developed major gullies are often areas of exposed rock. Based on the high-resolution satellite imagery, the boundaries of the major gully system are first delineated. Among adjacent boundary points, the one with the highest surface elevation is selected as the rock top interface control point. The selected rock top interface control points are then verified in the field, and their accurate elevation values ​​are measured.

[0128] Step S204: Based on the DEM data and the measured elevation data of the shot detection points, establish the elevation data body of the work area.

[0129] By utilizing high-precision DEM data and actual measurement results, an elevation data volume for the work area can be established. This involves dividing the high-precision DEM data into grids of a certain size for the work area, extracting the elevation data at the grid intersections, and then integrating it with the actual measured elevation data of the shot and receiver points to establish the elevation data volume for the work area.

[0130] The accuracy of DEM information data should consider both grid accuracy and elevation accuracy. The choice of grid size should take into account the accuracy of the DEM information data grid. The grid size should not be smaller than the accuracy of the DEM information data grid. The grid size is generally selected as 1-2 times the track spacing. For example, a high-precision DEM information data grid can be 40*40m with an elevation accuracy of 1 meter. The grid size is selected as one time the track spacing of 40m. Of course, other accuracies can also be set as needed.

[0131] The execution order of steps S202, S203 and S204 is not important; any step can be executed first.

[0132] Step S205: Determine the extent of the exposed rock area and the loess-covered area based on the control points of the rock top interface and the elevation data of the work area.

[0133] In this step, the elevation data of the work area and the control points of the rock top interface can be used to calculate the extent of the exposed rock area through Kriging interpolation. First, the control points of the rock top interface are checked, then weighted least squares Kriging interpolation is performed to calculate the rock top interface. This is then compared with the elevation to determine the extent of the exposed rock area. The non-exposed rock area is the loess-covered area. The determination process includes:

[0134] Calculate the elevation E of the rock top interface at the control point of the rock top interface based on the objective function ω. hK :

[0135]

[0136] Where ω is the objective function of the rock top interface model; B(E h，i b(E) is the estimated value of the point to be measured; h，i ) represents the characteristic value of adjacent observation points; L represents the weighting value; E represents the characteristic value of adjacent observation points. hK =ω(E h，i );

[0137] If the elevation of the rock top interface control point is E hK If E ≥ E, then it belongs to the rock exposure zone; if E hK<E, then it belongs to the loess-covered area; for the rock-exposed area, we can let p=1; for the non-rock-exposed area (i.e., the loess-covered area), let p=0; where, E hK E is the elevation of the top interface of the rock, E is the surface elevation, and p is the rock exposure attribute value.

[0138] Step S206: Determine the top rock interface of the loess-covered area based on the control points of the rock top interface and the elevation data of the work area.

[0139] In loess-covered areas, the rock top interface is obtained using an interpolation algorithm based on surface undulation. The basic idea is to first smooth the surface elevation according to the size of the time window using Savitzky-Golay, for example, by using formula (5), and then shift it downwards as a whole, for example, by using formula (6). At the control point of the rock top interface, the error energy is minimized, for example, by using formula (7). The optimal time window and the downward shift amount can then be obtained, thus obtaining the rock top interface E. hs For example, the time window can be selected as 1 / 4 of the arrangement length.

[0140] The smoothed surface elevation is obtained using the following formula:

[0141]

[0142] Where N = 2w + 1 is the time window length, C i These are weighting coefficients. E represents the smoothing coefficient, obtained by fitting the polynomial using the least squares method. k，smooth To smooth the surface elevation, E k+i Let be the surface elevation at point k+i within the time window;

[0143] The lowered ground elevation can be obtained using the following formula:

[0144] E(w, d) k =γ*E k-μ，smooth -d (6)

[0145] Where, E(w, d) k The elevation of the land surface after the downward shift is given by E, where γ is the amount of expansion and contraction. k-μ，smooth The smoothed surface elevation E k，smooth It is obtained by translating μ along the horizontal direction, where d is the downward displacement.

[0146] The elevation of the top rock interface in the loess-covered area that minimizes the error energy at the control point of the rock top interface is determined using the following formula:

[0147]

[0148] Where, min{E error} represents minimizing the sum of error energy, E(w, d). iE represents the surface elevation after the control point i at the top of the rock interface has shifted downwards. h，i Elevation of the rock top interface at control point i.

[0149] For loess-covered areas (p=0), then E hp =E hs Among them, E hp E represents the elevation of the top interface of the rock. hs E is the elevation of the top interface of the rock obtained by an interpolation algorithm based on surface undulation. h，i .

[0150] For the transition zone (i.e., the junction between the exposed rock area and the loess-covered area), edge treatment is performed: Based on the elevation of the top rock interface in this area, a time window of a certain size is selected, and Savitzky-Golay smoothing is applied to obtain the elevation of the top rock interface in the transition zone. For example, point 11 is selected as the smoothing time window.

[0151] For the specific implementation across the entire area: The work area is divided into smaller regions based on the calculation time window. Within each smaller region, there is a corresponding parameter attribute data body, mainly including: the calculation time window size value, rock exposure attribute value, the smoothing time window size, expansion and contraction, horizontal translation and downward displacement of the transition zone between the rock exposure area and the loess cover area, etc. Input the rock top interface control point data, the work area elevation data body and the parameter attribute data body, and through the corresponding program calculation, the rock top interface of the loess cover area can be obtained and output.

[0152] Step S207: Establish a loess thickness model based on the extent of the exposed rock area and the loess-covered area, as well as the top interface of the rock in the loess-covered area.

[0153] A model of loess thickness was established using the top interface of the rock.

[0154] In the rock-exposed area (p=1), the loess thickness is zero, i.e., h=0. That is, the loess thickness corresponding to the rock top interface control point in the rock-exposed area is h=0.

[0155] In the loess-covered area (p=0), the loess thickness is calculated using formula (8):

[0156] h = max{EE hp ,0} (8)

[0157] Where h is the thickness of the loess, E hp E is the elevation of the top interface of the rock, and E is the surface elevation. The thickness of the loess is EE. hp The larger of 0.

[0158] A loess thickness model can be established based on the loess thickness at the rock interface between the exposed rock area and the loess-covered area. Specifically, the loess thickness data from the exposed rock area and the loess-covered area are fused to obtain the loess thickness for the entire region, thereby establishing the loess thickness model.

[0159] In some optional embodiments, the above method further includes sampling the loess thickness model by thickness zone to verify the loess thickness and correct the loess thickness model, which may include the following steps:

[0160] Step S208: Based on the loess thickness model, the loess-covered area is divided into different thickness zones according to its thickness.

[0161] Loess thickness is categorized into thin loess areas, medium-thickness loess areas, thick loess areas, and extremely thick loess areas, with the specific classification method and threshold values ​​depending on the actual situation. For example, loess thickness less than 50m is classified as thin loess areas, 50m-150m as thick loess areas, and greater than 150m as extremely thick loess areas.

[0162] Step S209: Select field measurement points from each thickness zone and obtain the field measurement results of the loess thickness at the field measurement points.

[0163] For each zone, a number of points are randomly selected as verification points, i.e., selected field measurement points. The loess thickness at these verification points is measured in the field. For the main thickness zones in the work area, the verification should be carried out in a focused manner. For example, if the main thickness zone is the thick loess zone (50m-150m), the field sampling should be more intensive for this zone, selecting 20% ​​of the areas to ensure the accuracy requirements.

[0164] Step S210: Based on the difference between the actual measurement result of loess thickness and the loess thickness at that point in the loess thickness model, determine whether the error of the loess thickness model meets the preset error requirements; if not, proceed to step S211; if yes, proceed to step S212.

[0165] Based on field measurements, the loess thickness model is verified, and the error between the two is calculated. If the error exceeds a certain range, the field measurement points are used as new control points, the corresponding parameters are modified, the loess thickness model is regenerated, and then compared with the field measurements again. This process is iterative until the error meets the requirements, at which point the loess thickness model correction is complete. The error requirement can be set; for example, an error value not exceeding 10% can be set to meet the accuracy requirements. Other error accuracy requirements can also be set.

[0166] Step S211: Using the field measurement points as newly added control points for the rock top interface, return to step S205 to regenerate the loess thickness model. Iterate until the error of the regenerated loess thickness model meets the preset error requirements.

[0167] Step S212: End.

[0168] If the requirements are met, the process ends, and a loess thickness model that meets the requirements is obtained.

[0169] The method described in this embodiment can establish a highly accurate loess thickness model, and further improve the accuracy by refining the model through multiple iterations.

[0170] Example 3

[0171] Embodiment 3 of the present invention provides a method for seismic exploration, the process of which is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0172] Step S301: Based on the shot point location, obtain the thickness partition attribute value at the shot point location from the loess thickness partition data of the constructed loess thickness model; the loess thickness model is constructed using the loess thickness model construction method described above.

[0173] In this step, thickness zoning data from the loess thickness model is used to extract thickness zoning attribute values ​​based on the shot point coordinates. Each loess thickness zoning can be represented by different attribute values, and for each shot point, the corresponding thickness zoning attribute value is extracted based on its coordinates. For example, loess thickness less than 50m is classified as thin loess zone with a zoning attribute value of 1; 50m-150m is classified as thick loess zone with a zoning attribute value of 2; and greater than 150m is classified as extremely thick loess zone with a zoning attribute value of 3.

[0174] Step S302: Determine the seismic triggering factors of the zone based on the thickness zone attribute values.

[0175] Each loess thickness zone is represented by a different attribute value. For each shot point, the corresponding thickness zone attribute value is extracted according to its coordinate position. Based on this attribute value, earthquake triggering factors can be designed according to the triggering zone.

[0176] The method described in this embodiment can obtain a higher precision loess thickness model, making the excitation zoning more accurate, ensuring that the excitation factors designed in the loess region are more reasonable, improving the quality of single-shot data in the loess region, and reducing costs.

[0177] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention also provide a loess thickness model construction device, which can be installed in a computer device, and the structure of the device is as follows. Figure 4 As shown, it includes:

[0178] The control point acquisition module 11 is used to select rock top interface control points based on the collected seismic exploration data of the work area; and / or to determine the development and distribution of the main gullies in the work area based on satellite imagery and select rock top interface control points. This module can add rock top interface control points in loess-covered areas.

[0179] The data volume creation module 12 is used to create the work area elevation data volume based on the digital elevation model (DEM) data and the measured elevation data of the shot and receiver points.

[0180] The data determination module 13 is used to determine the extent of the exposed rock area and the loess-covered area, as well as the top rock interface of the loess-covered area, based on the rock top interface control points and the work area elevation data. This module can be used to determine the rock extent using Kriging interpolation and to determine the top rock interface of the loess-covered area using an interpolation algorithm based on surface undulations.

[0181] Modeling module 14 is used to establish a loess thickness model based on the extent of the exposed rock area and the loess-covered area, as well as the top interface of the rock in the loess-covered area.

[0182] In some optional embodiments, the above-described apparatus further includes:

[0183] The correction module 15 is used to select field measurement points according to the thickness zones of the loess-covered area based on the loess thickness model, verify the accuracy of the loess thickness model based on the field measurement results of the loess thickness at the field measurement points, and correct the loess thickness model if the accuracy does not meet the requirements. This module uses the actual measured loess thickness values ​​to correct the loess thickness model;

[0184] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention also provide a seismic exploration implementation device, the structure of which is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, it includes:

[0185] The attribute acquisition module 21 is used to obtain the thickness partition attribute value at the shot point location from the loess thickness partition data of the constructed loess thickness model based on the shot point location; wherein, the loess thickness model is constructed using the loess thickness model construction method described above.

[0186] The excitation factor determination module 22 is used to determine the seismic excitation factor of the zone based on the thickness zone attribute value.

[0187] This invention also provides a computer storage medium, characterized in that the computer storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the above-described loess thickness model construction method and / or the above-described seismic exploration implementation method.

[0188] This invention also provides a computer device, characterized in that it includes: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the above-described loess thickness model construction method and / or the above-described seismic exploration implementation method.

[0189] Regarding the apparatus in the above embodiments, the specific manner in which each module performs its operation has been described in detail in the embodiments related to the method, and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0190] The method and apparatus described in this invention fully utilize prior data, including near-offset distance of single shots, surface surveys (including ultra-deep micro-logging), and near-surface structures obtained from first-arrival inversion, as well as information on the development and distribution of major gullies and branches. This increases the number of control points at the top of the rock interface, improving the accuracy of subsequent calculations. Furthermore, a novel interpolation algorithm based on surface undulations is used, leveraging the strong positive correlation between the top of the rock interface and surface undulations to determine the top of the rock interface, improving interpolation accuracy and establishing a more accurate loess thickness model. After establishing the model, random checks are conducted according to loess thickness zones to verify the loess thickness, correcting the model and further improving its accuracy. This solves the problem of low accuracy in constructing loess thickness models, establishing a more accurate model. Additionally, based on the above method, a corresponding computer device is developed to automate model construction on a computer.

[0191] Using the methods and apparatus described in the embodiments of the present invention, a loess thickness model can be constructed, which significantly improves the accuracy of loess thickness model construction compared with the prior art. See also Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, where:

[0192] Figure 6 Examples of loess thickness obtained based on different seismic exploration data. Figure 6 The top image shows the near-surface structure model derived from first-arrival tomography; the lower left image shows a 3D surface map generated from high-precision DEM data and high-resolution satellite imagery; and the lower right image shows the interpretation results of ultra-deep micrologging at the top of the plateau. Using ultra-deep micrologging as a constraint, first-arrival tomography can derive a near-real rock top interface (shown by the black line in the top image). Based on the first-arrival tomography model and the ultra-deep micrologging interpretation results, the loess layer is thin at the top of the plateau, but a clear loess-rock boundary is not visible in the satellite imagery.

[0193] Figure 7 This is a comparison map of the rock top interface elevation obtained using different methods, where the horizontal axis represents the receiver station number and the vertical axis represents the elevation.

[0194] The method provided in this embodiment of the invention, like the conventional method, does not use ultra-deep micro-logging results for interpretation. At the mountain top (chainage 2700-2800), the rock top interface obtained by the method provided in this embodiment of the invention is close to the rock top interface obtained by first arrival tomography inversion, while the rock top interface obtained by the conventional method has a large deviation. Therefore, in constructing the rock top interface, the method provided in this embodiment of the invention is more accurate than the rock top interface data obtained by the conventional method.

[0195] Figure 8 The image shows a comparison of loess thickness obtained using different methods, where the horizontal axis represents the receiver station number and the vertical axis represents the loess thickness.

[0196] The method provided in this embodiment of the invention, like the conventional method, does not use ultra-deep micro-logging results for interpretation. At the mountain top (station number 2700-2800), the loess thickness obtained using the method provided in this embodiment of the invention is close to the loess thickness obtained by first-arrival tomography inversion, while the loess thickness obtained using the conventional method is 100-150m larger than that obtained by first-arrival tomography inversion. Therefore, the method provided in this embodiment of the invention has higher accuracy in constructing the loess thickness model than the conventional method.

[0197] In summary, at the mountain top (station number 2700-2800), no obvious loess-rock boundary point can be seen from the satellite imagery. The loess thickness obtained using the method of this invention is close to that obtained by first-arrival tomography inversion, while the loess thickness obtained by conventional methods is 100-150m larger than that obtained by first-arrival tomography inversion. Therefore, compared with conventional methods, this invention can improve the accuracy of loess thickness model construction.

[0198] Unless otherwise specifically stated, terms such as processing, calculation, operation, determination, display, etc., may refer to the actions and / or processes of one or more processing or computing systems or similar devices that represent the manipulation and conversion of data representing physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within the registers or memory of the processing system into other data similarly representing physical quantities within the memory, registers, or other such information storage, transmission, or display devices of the processing system. Information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips mentioned throughout the above description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, light fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0199] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the disclosed process is an example of an exemplary method. Based on design preferences, it should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the process may be rearranged without departing from the scope of this disclosure. The appended method claims provide elements of various steps in an exemplary order and are not intended to limit the scope to the specific order or hierarchy described.

[0200] In the detailed description above, various features are combined together in a single embodiment to simplify this disclosure. This approach to disclosure should not be construed as reflecting an intention that embodiments of the claimed subject matter require more features than are explicitly stated in each claim. Rather, as reflected in the appended claims, the invention is presented with fewer features than all of the features in a single disclosed embodiment. Therefore, the appended claims are hereby explicitly incorporated into the detailed description, with each claim representing a separate preferred embodiment of the invention.

[0201] Those skilled in the art will also understand that the various illustrative logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in conjunction with the embodiments herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination thereof. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability between hardware and software, the various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps described above are generally described in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those skilled in the art can implement the described functionality in alternative ways for each specific application; however, such implementation decisions should not be construed as departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0202] The steps of the methods or algorithms described in conjunction with the embodiments herein can be directly embodied in hardware, software modules executed by a processor, or a combination thereof. The software modules can reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disks, removable disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium well known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is connected to the processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and storage medium can reside in an ASIC. The ASIC can reside in a user terminal. Alternatively, the processor and storage medium can exist as discrete components in the user terminal.

[0203] For software implementation, the techniques described in this application can be implemented using modules (e.g., procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the functions described in this application. This software code can be stored in memory units and executed by a processor. The memory units can be implemented within the processor or outside the processor; in the latter case, they are communicatively coupled to the processor via various means, as is well known in the art.

[0204] The foregoing description includes examples of one or more embodiments. It is certainly impossible to describe all possible combinations of components or methods in order to describe the above embodiments, but those skilled in the art will recognize that further combinations and arrangements of the various embodiments are possible. Therefore, the embodiments described herein are intended to cover all such changes, modifications, and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, the term "comprising" as used in the specification or claims is interpreted in a manner similar to the term "including," as interpreted when used as a conjunction in the claims. Additionally, the use of any term "or" in the specification of the claims is intended to mean "non-exclusive or."

Claims

1. A method for constructing a loess thickness model, characterized in that, include: Based on the collected seismic exploration data of the work area, select control points for the top interface of the rock; and / or based on the satellite imagery of the work area, determine the development and distribution of the main gullies in the work area, and select control points for the top interface of the rock. Based on the digital elevation model (DEM) data and the measured elevation data of the shot receiver points, a work area elevation data volume is established; Based on the rock top interface control points and the work area elevation data, the scope of the exposed rock area and the loess-covered area, as well as the rock top interface of the loess-covered area, are determined. This includes: determining the rock top interface elevation of each rock top interface control point based on the rock top interface control points and the work area elevation data; determining the regional scope of the exposed rock area and the loess-covered area based on the rock top interface elevation; for the loess-covered area, smoothing the surface elevation of each rock top interface control point according to a preset time window size to obtain the smoothed surface elevation; horizontally shifting the smoothed surface elevation and downward shifting it by a set amount to obtain the downward shifted surface elevation; and determining the rock top interface of the loess-covered area that minimizes the error energy at the rock top interface control points based on the downward shifted surface elevation of each rock top interface control point and the rock top interface elevation. A loess thickness model was established based on the extent of the exposed rock zone and the loess-covered zone, as well as the top interface of the rock in the loess-covered zone.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The selection of rock top interface control points based on the collected seismic exploration data of the work area includes: Based on at least one of the following seismic exploration data—near-shot offset distance, surface survey point data, and near-surface structure data obtained from first-arrival inversion—a rock top interface control point is selected, and the location and elevation of the rock top interface control point are determined.

3. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The step of selecting a rock top interface control point based on at least one of the following seismic exploration data: near-shot offset distance, surface survey point data, and near-surface structure data obtained from first-arrival inversion, and determining the location and elevation of the rock top interface control point, includes: Based on at least one of the near-shot offset distance, surface survey point data, and near-surface structure data obtained from first-arrival inversion included in the seismic exploration data, a rock top interface control point is selected, and the location of the rock top interface control point is obtained from the seismic exploration data. For the control points of the rock top interface selected based on the near-shot offset distance, the loess thickness h of the control points of the rock top interface is determined by the following formula: ； in, , , For direct wave velocity, For low deceleration zone speed, For the velocity of the refractive layer, is the offset distance corresponding to the intersection of the direct wave and the refracted wave, and h is the thickness of the loess; For the control points of the rock top interface selected based on surface survey data and near-surface structure data obtained from first arrival inversion, the loess thickness h at the control points of the rock top interface is determined by the following formula: ； in, Let be the thickness of the j-th layer in the loess stratification, and h be the total thickness of the m-th layer of loess. The elevation of the control point at the top interface of the rock was determined based on the loess thickness h. : ； in, E represents the elevation of the control point at the rock top interface, and E represents the surface elevation.

4. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on satellite imagery of the work area, the development and distribution of the main gullies in the work area are determined, and control points at the top interface of the rock are selected, including: The boundaries of the main gully system within the work area are delineated on satellite imagery. Several boundary points with the highest surface elevation are selected from these boundary points as control points for the rock top interface. The location and measured elevation of these control points are then obtained.

5. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process of establishing a work area elevation data body based on digital elevation model (DEM) data and measured shot receiver elevation data includes: The work area is divided into grids according to the preset grid size; Using DEM data and measured shot and receiver elevation data, the elevation data at grid intersections is extracted to obtain the work area elevation data volume.

6. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the rock top interface control points and the work area elevation data, the rock top interface elevation of each rock top interface control point is determined. Based on the rock top interface elevation, the regional extent of the exposed rock area and the loess-covered area is determined, including: Calculate the elevation of the rock top interface at the control point based on the objective function ω. : ； in, The objective function for the rock top interface model; The estimated value of the point to be measured; These are the characteristic values ​​of adjacent observation points; Weighted values; ; If the rock top interface control point rock top interface elevation , If the elevation is the ground level, then it belongs to the exposed rock area; like This area belongs to the loess-covered region.

7. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The smoothed ground elevation is obtained using the following formula: ； in, The time window length, These are weighting coefficients. The smoothing coefficients are obtained by fitting the polynomial using the least squares method. To smooth the surface elevation, Let be the surface elevation at point k+i within the time window; The lowered ground elevation can be obtained using the following formula: ； in, This represents the lowered surface elevation. For the amount of expansion and contraction, yes Translate horizontally What was obtained This is the downward shift amount; The following formula is used to determine the top rock interface of the loess-covered area that minimizes the error energy at the control point of the rock top interface: ； in, This represents minimizing the sum of error energy. The elevation of the ground surface after the control point i at the top of the rock interface has been moved downwards is given. Elevation of the rock top interface at control point i.

8. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The establishment of a loess thickness model based on the extent of the exposed rock zone and the loess-covered zone, and the top interface of the loess-covered rock zone, includes: For areas with exposed rocks, increase the thickness of the loess. ; For loess-covered areas, the loess thickness h is determined using the following formula: ； in, E is the elevation of the top interface of the rock, and E is the surface elevation. A loess thickness model was established based on the extent of the rock-exposed area and the loess-covered area, the loess thickness in the rock-exposed area, and the loess thickness in the loess-covered area.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Also includes: Based on the loess thickness model, field measurement points are selected according to the thickness zones of the loess-covered area. The accuracy of the loess thickness model is verified based on the field measurement results of the loess thickness at the field measurement points, and the loess thickness model is corrected if the accuracy does not meet the requirements.

10. The method as described in claim 9, characterized in that, Based on the loess thickness model, field measurement points are selected according to the thickness zones of the loess-covered area. The accuracy of the loess thickness model is verified based on the field measurement results of the loess thickness at these points. If the accuracy does not meet the requirements, the loess thickness model is corrected, including: Based on the loess thickness model, the loess-covered area is divided into different thickness zones according to its thickness. Select field measurement points from each thickness zone, obtain the field measurement results of loess thickness at the field measurement points, and determine whether the error of the loess thickness model meets the preset error requirements based on the difference between the field measurement results of loess thickness and the loess thickness at that point in the loess thickness model. If not, use the field measurement points as the newly added rock top interface control points, return to continue executing the steps of determining the range of the rock exposed area and loess covered area and the rock top interface of the loess covered area based on the rock top interface control points and the work area elevation data, in order to regenerate the loess thickness model until the error of the regenerated loess thickness model meets the preset error requirements.

11. A method for seismic exploration, characterized in that, include: Based on the location of the shot point, the thickness partition attribute value at the shot point location is obtained from the loess thickness partition data of the constructed loess thickness model. The loess thickness model is constructed using the loess thickness model construction method as described in any one of claims 1-10; The seismic triggering factors for a given zone are determined based on the thickness zone attribute values.

12. A loess thickness model construction device, characterized in that, include: The control point acquisition module is used to select control points at the top interface of the rock based on the collected seismic exploration data of the work area. And / or, based on satellite imagery of the work area, determine the development and distribution of the main gullies in the work area, and select control points at the top interface of the rock; The data volume creation module is used to create the work area elevation data volume based on the digital elevation model (DEM) data and the measured elevation data of the shot and receiver points. The data determination module is used to determine the extent of the exposed rock area and the loess-covered area, as well as the rock top interface of the loess-covered area, based on the rock top interface control points and the work area elevation data. This includes: determining the rock top interface elevation of each rock top interface control point based on the rock top interface control points and the work area elevation data; determining the area of ​​the exposed rock area and the loess-covered area based on the rock top interface elevation; for the loess-covered area, smoothing the surface elevation of each rock top interface control point according to a preset time window size to obtain a smoothed surface elevation; horizontally shifting the smoothed surface elevation and then downwards by a set amount to obtain a downwardly shifted surface elevation; and determining the rock top interface of the loess-covered area that minimizes the error energy at the rock top interface control points based on the downwardly shifted surface elevation and the rock top interface elevation. The modeling module is used to build a loess thickness model based on the extent of the exposed rock area and the loess-covered area, as well as the top interface of the rock in the loess-covered area.

13. A seismic exploration implementation device, characterized in that, include: The attribute acquisition module is used to obtain the thickness partition attribute value at the shot receiver location from the loess thickness partition data of the constructed loess thickness model based on the shot receiver location. The loess thickness model is constructed using the loess thickness model construction method as described in any one of claims 1-10; The excitation factor determination module is used to determine the seismic excitation factors of the zone based on the thickness zone attribute values.

14. A computer storage medium, characterized in that, The computer storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the loess thickness model construction method according to any one of claims 1-10 and / or the seismic exploration implementation method according to claim 11.

15. A computer device, characterized in that, include: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor, when executing the program, implements the loess thickness model construction method according to any one of claims 1-10 and / or the seismic exploration implementation method according to claim 11.

Images