A method for controlling the verticality of a pier form

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of template perpendicularity control, and discloses a bridge pier template perpendicularity control method, comprising the following steps: step one, preparing a plurality of templates, the plurality of templates can be erected into a first layer template and a second layer template; erecting the first layer template, the bottom of the first layer template is provided with a leveling mechanism, and the leveling mechanism is used to level the bottom of the first layer template; step two, using a three-dimensional laser scanner to collect point cloud data of the first layer template, forming a point cloud model from the point cloud data, preparing a three-dimensional model, comparing the point cloud model with the three-dimensional model, and testing the adjustment result of the first layer template; step three, erecting the second layer template, installing an inclination sensor on each template, connecting the inclination sensor with a panel, and using the panel to overall control the inclination of the template; step four, pouring concrete, removing the first layer template, removing the leveling mechanism at the bottom of the first layer template, and rotating the first layer template to above the second layer template and connecting the first layer template with the second layer template. The perpendicularity of the bridge pier is verified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of template verticality control, and specifically to a method for controlling the verticality of bridge pier templates. Background Technology

[0002] During on-site construction of rectangular bridge pier formwork, verticality control is primarily achieved using a total station for formwork positioning, with the plumb line method used for measurement. However, this method lacks a fixed measuring device and relies on manual measurement, which is highly subjective and difficult to guarantee in terms of accuracy. Consequently, the verticality of the bridge pier cannot be effectively ensured.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to design a method to control the verticality of the formwork at the construction site, so as to ensure the verticality of the bridge piers, reduce the amount of measurement work, and speed up the construction progress. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a method for controlling the verticality of bridge pier formwork, ensuring the verticality of bridge piers, while reducing the amount of measurement work and accelerating the construction progress.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a method for controlling the verticality of bridge pier formwork, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Prepare several templates, which can be used to build the first and second layer templates; build the first layer template, which has a leveling mechanism at the bottom to level the bottom of the first layer template.

[0007] Step 2: Use a 3D laser scanner to collect point cloud data from the first-layer template. The point cloud data forms a point cloud model. Prepare a 3D model and compare the point cloud model with the 3D model to verify the adjustment results of the first-layer template.

[0008] Step 3: Erect the second layer of templates. Install tilt sensors on each template. Connect the tilt sensors to the panel and use the panel to control the overall tilt of the templates.

[0009] Step 4: Pour concrete, remove the first-layer formwork, remove the leveling mechanism at the bottom of the first-layer formwork, move the first-layer formwork over the second-layer formwork and connect it to the second-layer formwork.

[0010] The beneficial effects of this plan are:

[0011] 1. This method is applicable to formwork construction using alternating double-layer formwork. Once the first-layer formwork is accurately positioned, the second-layer formwork is assembled based on the first-layer formwork, thus automatically bringing subsequent formwork to the designed position. Therefore, ensuring the verticality of the first-layer formwork is crucial. In this solution, the bottom of the first-layer formwork is leveled using a leveling mechanism, and the verticality of the first-layer formwork is verified by comparing the point cloud model with the 3D model, ensuring the overall verticality of the formwork while reducing measurement workload and accelerating construction progress.

[0012] 2. The tilt of the template is monitored both inside and outside the template surface by tilt sensors. The data from all tilt sensors of the same layer template are integrated onto the panel to perform overall control of the template tilt, thereby ensuring verticality.

[0013] Furthermore, the leveling mechanism includes several leveling screws, which are detachably and vertically connected to the four corners of the bottom of the first-layer template, with the heads of the leveling screws facing downwards.

[0014] Furthermore, each tilt sensor is equipped with an alarm. When the tilt of the template exceeds the design threshold, the tilt sensor transmits a signal to the panel, which then controls the alarm at the corresponding location to sound.

[0015] Furthermore, the outer side of the template is provided with several back ribs, and each end of the back rib is provided with a diagonal brace. Between the diagonal braces of adjacent templates, there are diagonal braces and two nuts. The two ends of the diagonal braces pass through the two diagonal braces and are threaded to the two nuts. The sides of the template are provided with reinforcing parts. The inner side of the reinforcing parts is provided with a beveled surface. The reinforcing parts are special-shaped tubes with a right-angled triangular cross section. The beveled surface is the inclined surface of a right-angled triangle. Several stiffening plates are provided at equal intervals along the length of the reinforcing parts. Horizontal connectors are provided on the outer side of the reinforcing parts. After adjacent templates are vertically spliced, the beveled surfaces of the two reinforcing parts are attached together, and the two horizontal connectors are detachably connected.

[0016] Furthermore, the horizontal connector includes a vertically arranged vertical connecting plate and several horizontally arranged arc-shaped plates. Both ends of the arc-shaped plates are connected to the outer side of the reinforcing part and the side of the vertical connecting plate, respectively. The side of the vertical connecting plate away from the arc-shaped plate is the connection surface of the two horizontal connectors, and the connection surface is connected by bolts. The connection surface of the two horizontal connectors and the oblique cut surface of the corresponding reinforcing part are coplanar.

[0017] Furthermore, vertical connectors are provided on both the upper and lower sides of the template. The vertical connectors include a horizontal connecting plate and several vertically arranged triangular support plates. The support plates connect the outer side of the reinforcing part and the side of the horizontal connecting plate.

[0018] Furthermore, the back rib can completely block the vertical connectors on the lower side of the template, and a hollow hole is formed between the two arc-shaped plates at the same height of a set of horizontal connectors, with the hollow hole and the beveled surface in continuous contact.

[0019] Furthermore, in step four, after removing the first-layer formwork, check whether there is any misalignment at the corners of the rectangular piers.

[0020] This solution also has the following effects:

[0021] 1. By strengthening the rigidity of the side of the formwork with reinforcing parts, the deformation of the formwork during construction is reduced. Therefore, as long as the formwork of the first layer is vertical, during subsequent construction, the verticality of the formwork can be automatically calibrated by connecting adjacent formwork with horizontal connectors, thereby reducing the deviation of the verticality of the formwork during construction and reducing the amount of measurement and positioning work.

[0022] 2. In the prior art, the template at the corner position is usually equipped with connecting bolts at the inside corner. However, in this solution, in order to reduce the deformation of the template, a reinforcing part is set. It is not possible to set a recessed shape such as inside corner, otherwise the strength of the reinforcing part will be reduced. Therefore, this solution sets a horizontal connector on the outside of the reinforcing part, and realizes the bolt connection of the template at the corner position through the horizontal connector.

[0023] 3. In the existing technology, the ends of the template are usually flat, and the bolt holes need to be manually aligned during assembly until the four corners of the rectangular pier template are connected. In this solution, since the ends of the template are beveled, only two opposite templates need to be fixed. The remaining two templates can be aligned with the bolt holes by pushing them inward along the beveled surface, which is convenient and quick and improves construction efficiency.

[0024] 4. With the first-layer formwork properly adjusted, the second-layer formwork does not require adjustment using a total station. During the bolt tightening process, the vertical and horizontal connecting plates cause adjacent formwork panels to slide simultaneously along the connecting surface, thus returning the formwork to its designed vertical position. The verticality of the formwork can be guaranteed solely by the vertical and horizontal connecting parts between the formwork panels, significantly accelerating the construction speed of the bridge piers.

[0025] 5. Since the connecting surfaces of the two horizontal connectors and the corresponding oblique surfaces of the reinforcing parts are coplanar, when the ends of the two templates are relatively displaced along the oblique surfaces, the bolts on the connecting surfaces are perpendicular to the direction of movement, thereby maximizing the use of the shear resistance of the bolts to prevent the oblique surfaces from shifting.

[0026] 6. During construction, due to the presence of inclined surfaces, if the formwork cannot guarantee verticality, misalignment will occur at the corners of the rectangular piers. This will prompt the construction unit to make timely corrections. The construction unit only needs to repair the surface of the pier. However, if it is not repaired in time and the pier is found to be tilted after construction is completed, it will cause greater safety hazards and require the entire pier to be recast, which will be more costly.

[0027] 7. Since the horizontal and vertical connectors are located on the outside of the formwork, the deformation of the formwork caused by uneven stress during demolding has little impact on the horizontal and vertical connectors, and thus has little impact on the verticality of the formwork in subsequent construction.

[0028] 8. In this scheme, during construction, the horizontal and vertical connectors mainly serve to ensure verticality, with the main force borne by the diagonal tie rods. However, after repeated use, the diagonal tie rods will experience fatigue and reduced elasticity. During the pouring of rectangular piers, they are more prone to elongation under stress, which can prevent the beveled surfaces of adjacent formwork from fitting tightly together. This can cause grout to leak between the beveled surfaces, alerting construction workers to problems with the verticality of the formwork and allowing for timely correction. Conversely, because the hollow holes and beveled surfaces are in continuous contact, even if grout leakage occurs during construction, the grout will flow directly through the hollow holes rather than adhering to the horizontal connectors. This prevents the horizontal connectors from deforming after the grout solidifies, thus ensuring the verticality of the formwork. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 Flowchart for an embodiment;

[0030] Figure 2 A three-dimensional isometric drawing of an embodiment;

[0031] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0032] Figure 4 A three-dimensional isometric view of the reinforcing part in the embodiment;

[0033] Figure 5 This is an internal structural diagram of the reinforcing part after the oblique cut surface is hidden, as shown in the embodiment.

[0034] Figure 6 This is a top view of the template for an embodiment;

[0035] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of point B;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a magnified view of the corner points when the template is tilted;

[0037] Figure 9 Enlarged view of the corner points of the template in the prior art;

[0038] Figure 10 A magnified view of the corner points when the template of the prior art is tilted;

[0039] Figure 11 Enlarged view of the template corner points, diagonal braces, and horizontal connectors in the embodiment;

[0040] Figure 12 Enlarged views of the template corner, diagonal tie rod, and horizontal connector in the embodiment, assuming fatigue of the tie rod;

[0041] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement and connection of the tilt sensors in an embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method:

[0043] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: rectangular pier 1, first-layer template 11, second-layer template 12, leveling screw 13, template 2, reinforcing part 21, oblique cut surface 22, stiffening plate 23, back rib 3, diagonal tie seat 31, diagonal tie rod 32, nut 33, horizontal connector 4, vertical connecting plate 41, arc plate 42, hollow hole 43, vertical connector 5, horizontal connecting plate 51, support plate 52, tilt sensor 61, and panel 62.

[0044] Example

[0045] The implementation examples are basically as follows Figure 1-13 As shown: A method for controlling the verticality of bridge pier formwork, the flowchart is as follows. Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0046] Step 1: Prepare a 3D model and eight template blocks 2. The 3D model is a BIM (Building Information Model) model built based on the design drawings. Each set of four template blocks 2 can enclose a rectangular pier 1. The eight template blocks 2 can be combined to form two layers of template 2, including a first layer template 11 and a second layer template 12. Figure 2 and Figure 4 All are three-dimensional diagrams of two-layer template 2; in this embodiment, the inner side is the side closer to the bridge pier during construction, and the outer side is the side away from the bridge pier. The rectangular bridge pier 1 is a hollow rectangle.

[0047] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, several horizontally arranged back ribs 3 are welded to the outside of the template 2, and a diagonal brace 31 is welded to each end of the back rib 3; as shown Figure 4 As shown, each template 2 has an integrally formed reinforcing part 21 on its left and right sides. The reinforcing part 21 is a vertically arranged isosceles right-angled triangular cross-section irregular tube. The inclined surface of the right-angled triangle forms a beveled surface 22, which is located on the inner side of the reinforcing part 21. After the sides of adjacent templates 2 are vertically spliced, the beveled surfaces 22 of the two reinforcing parts 21 are attached together, and the inclination angle of the beveled surfaces 22 is 45°. Figure 5 As shown, the reinforcing part 21 has several stiffening plates 23 spaced at equal intervals along its length.

[0048] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a horizontal connector 4 is welded to the outside of the reinforcing part 21. The horizontal connector 4 includes a vertically arranged vertical connecting plate 41 and three horizontally arranged arc-shaped plates 42. Both ends of the arc-shaped plates 42 are welded to the outside of the reinforcing part 21 and the side of the vertical connecting plate 41, respectively. The side of the vertical connecting plate 41 away from the arc-shaped plates 42 is the connecting surface of the two horizontal connectors 4. The connecting surface of the two horizontal connectors 4 is coplanar with the beveled surface 22 of the corresponding reinforcing part 21. After the sides of adjacent templates 2 are vertically spliced, the connecting surfaces of the two horizontal connectors 4 are aligned and connected by bolts, as shown. Figure 3 As shown, a hollow hole 43 is formed in the middle of the arc-shaped plates 42 on both sides of the two horizontal connectors 4, and the hollow hole 43 is in continuous contact with the oblique surface 22.

[0049] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, two vertical connectors 5 are welded to both the upper and lower sides of the template 2. The vertical connectors 5 include a horizontal connecting plate 51 and several vertically arranged triangular support plates 52. The support plates 52 are welded to the outer side of the template 2 and the side of the horizontal connecting plate 51 respectively. When the upper and lower templates 2 are spliced, they are aligned and connected to the horizontal connecting plates 51 of the upper and lower templates 2 by bolts.

[0050] The first-floor formwork 11 is erected, and a leveling mechanism is installed at the bottom of the first-floor formwork 11 to level the bottom of the first-floor formwork 11. The leveling mechanism includes several leveling screws 13, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the leveling screw 13 is vertically threaded and connected to the four corners of the bottom of the first layer template 11, with the head of the leveling screw 13 facing downwards;

[0051] Step 2: Use a 3D laser scanner to collect point cloud data of the first-layer template 11. The point cloud data forms a point cloud model. When collecting point cloud data of template 2, other impurities are removed, and noise generated during the scanning process is also removed, thereby obtaining high-precision point cloud data of template 2. Prepare a 3D model and compare the point cloud model with the 3D model to verify the adjustment results of the first-layer template 11. Since the construction is carried out on site, the position of template 2 is laid out according to the coordinates on the drawing. Therefore, when comparing the point cloud model with the 3D model, it is no longer necessary to perform coordinate system conversion.

[0052] Step 3: Erect the second layer of formwork 12, as follows Figure 13 As shown, tilt sensors 61 are bolted to the diagonal positions of the two layers of template 2 on each side. A controller is provided inside the panel 62. The tilt sensors 61 and the controller of the panel 62 are electrically connected. The tilt of the template 2 is controlled by the panel 62. Each tilt sensor 61 is equipped with an alarm (not shown in the figure). When the tilt of the template 2 exceeds the design threshold, the tilt sensor 61 transmits a signal to the panel 62, and the panel 62 controls the alarm at the corresponding position to sound.

[0053] Step 4: Pour concrete, check for grout leakage at the corners of formwork 2, remove the first-layer formwork 11, remove the leveling mechanism at the bottom of the first-layer formwork 11, move the first-layer formwork 11 onto the second-layer formwork 12 and connect it to the second-layer formwork 12, check for misalignment at the corners of the already poured rectangular piers 1, if the verticality accuracy of formwork 2 is sufficient, then formwork 2 as follows... Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown; if the verticality accuracy of template 2 is insufficient, then template 2 will be as follows. Figure 8 As shown, misalignment can easily occur. However, in existing technologies, if the verticality accuracy of template 2 is sufficient, template 2 will... Figure 9 As shown; if the verticality accuracy of template 2 is insufficient, then template 2 will be as follows. Figure 10 As shown, template 2 is not prone to misalignment, and therefore it is not easy to observe the tilt of template 2 with the naked eye.

[0054] Repeat steps three and four, continuously alternating the first-layer formwork 11 and the second-layer formwork 12 during the upward pouring of the rectangular pier 1, thereby completing the pouring.

[0055] The effect of a method for controlling the verticality of bridge pier formwork is as follows:

[0056] 1. This method is applicable to formwork construction using alternating layers of formwork 2. Once the first layer formwork 11 is accurately positioned, the second layer formwork 12 is spliced ​​based on the first layer formwork 11, thus automatically positioning the subsequent base layer formwork 2. Therefore, ensuring the verticality of the first layer formwork 11 is crucial. In this solution, the bottom of the first layer formwork 11 is leveled using a leveling mechanism, and the verticality of the first layer formwork 11 is verified by comparing the point cloud model with the 3D model, ensuring the overall verticality of the formwork 2, while reducing measurement workload and accelerating construction progress.

[0057] 2. By strengthening the rigidity of the side of the template 2 through the reinforcing part 21, the deformation of the template 2 during construction is reduced. Therefore, as long as the template 2 of the first layer is vertical, during subsequent construction, as long as the adjacent templates 2 are connected by the horizontal connector 4, the template 2 can be automatically calibrated for verticality, thereby reducing the deviation of the verticality of the template 2 during construction and reducing the amount of measurement and positioning work.

[0058] 3. Since the end of template 2 is a beveled surface 22, only two opposite templates 2 need to be fixed. The remaining two templates 2 can be aligned with the bolt holes by simply pushing them inward along the beveled surface 22, which is convenient and quick and improves construction efficiency.

[0059] 4. With the first-layer formwork 11 properly adjusted, the second-layer formwork 12 does not require adjustment using a total station. During the bolt tightening process, the vertical connecting plate 41 and the horizontal connecting plate 51 cause the two adjacent formworks 2 to slide simultaneously along the connecting surface, thus returning the formwork 2 to the designed vertical state. The verticality of the formwork 2 can be guaranteed solely by the vertical connecting pieces 5 and the horizontal connecting pieces 4 between the formworks 2, thereby greatly accelerating the construction speed of the bridge piers.

[0060] 5. Since the connecting surfaces of the two horizontal connectors 4 and the oblique cut surfaces 22 of the corresponding reinforcing parts 21 are coplanar, when the ends of the two templates 2 are relatively displaced along the oblique cut surfaces 22, the bolts on the connecting surfaces are perpendicular to the direction of movement, thereby maximizing the use of the shear resistance of the bolts to prevent the oblique cut surfaces 22 from shifting.

[0061] 6. During construction, due to the presence of the inclined surface 22, if the template 2 cannot guarantee verticality, misalignment will occur at the corner of the rectangular pier 1, thus reminding the construction unit to make timely corrections. The construction unit only needs to repair the surface of the pier column. However, if it is not repaired in time, and the pier column is found to be tilted after construction is completed, it will cause greater safety hazards and require the entire pier to be recast, which will be more costly.

[0062] 7. Since the horizontal connector 4 and the vertical connector 5 are located on the outside of the template 2, the deformation of the template 2 caused by uneven force during demolding has little impact on the horizontal connector 4 and the vertical connector 5, and thus has little impact on the verticality of the template 2 in subsequent construction.

[0063] 8. During construction, the horizontal connector 4 and the vertical connector 5 mainly serve to ensure verticality, while the main force is borne by the diagonal tie rod 32. Under normal circumstances, the corner points of the formwork 2 are as follows: Figure 11 As shown, however, after repeated use, the tie rod 32 of template 2 will experience fatigue and reduced elasticity, making it more prone to elongation under stress during the casting of rectangular pier 1, and then... Figure 12 As shown, the oblique cut surfaces 22 of adjacent templates 2 cannot fit tightly together, causing grout to leak out between the oblique cut surfaces 22. This alerts the construction personnel that there is a problem with the verticality of the template 2 and allows for timely correction. Since the hollow hole 43 and the oblique cut surface 22 are in continuous contact, even if grout leakage occurs during construction, the grout will leak out directly through the hollow hole 43, and the probability of it adhering to the horizontal connector 4 is relatively small. This prevents the horizontal connector 4 from deforming after the grout solidifies, thus ensuring the verticality of the template 2.

[0064] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge such as specific technical solutions and / or characteristics are not described in detail here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. These modifications and improvements will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the verticality of bridge pier formwork, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Prepare several templates, which can be used to build the first and second layer templates; build the first layer template, which has a leveling mechanism at the bottom to level the bottom of the first layer template. Step 2: Use a 3D laser scanner to collect point cloud data from the first-layer template. The point cloud data forms a point cloud model. Prepare a 3D model and compare the point cloud model with the 3D model to verify the adjustment results of the first-layer template. Step 3: Erect the second layer of templates. Install tilt sensors on each template. Connect the tilt sensors to the panel and use the panel to control the overall tilt of the templates. Step 4: Pour concrete, remove the first-layer formwork, remove the leveling mechanism at the bottom of the first-layer formwork, move the first-layer formwork over the second-layer formwork and connect it to the second-layer formwork; The leveling mechanism includes several leveling screws, which are detachably and vertically connected to the four corners of the bottom of the first-layer template, with the heads of the leveling screws facing downwards. Each tilt sensor is equipped with an alarm. When the tilt of the template exceeds the design threshold, the tilt sensor transmits a signal to the panel, which then controls the alarm at the corresponding location to sound. The template has several back ribs on its outer side, and each back rib has a diagonal brace at both ends. There are diagonal braces and two nuts between the diagonal braces of adjacent templates. The two ends of the diagonal braces pass through the two diagonal braces and are threaded to the two nuts. The sides of the template are reinforced, and the inner side of the reinforced part has a beveled surface. The reinforced part is a special-shaped tube with a right-angled triangular cross section and the beveled surface is the inclined surface of a right-angled triangle. There are several stiffening plates at equal intervals along the length of the reinforced part. There are horizontal connectors on the outer side of the reinforced part. After adjacent templates are vertically spliced, the beveled surfaces of the two reinforced parts are attached together, and the two horizontal connectors can be detachably connected.

2. The method for controlling the verticality of bridge pier formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal connector includes a vertically arranged vertical connecting plate and several horizontally arranged arc-shaped plates. Both ends of the arc-shaped plates are connected to the outer side of the reinforcing part and the side of the vertical connecting plate, respectively. The side of the vertical connecting plate away from the arc-shaped plate is the connection surface of the two horizontal connectors, and the connection surface is connected by bolts. The connection surface of the two horizontal connectors and the oblique cut surface of the corresponding reinforcing part are coplanar.

3. The method for controlling the verticality of bridge pier formwork according to claim 2, characterized in that: The template is equipped with vertical connectors on both the top and bottom sides. The vertical connectors include horizontal connecting plates and several vertically arranged triangular support plates. The support plates connect the outer side of the reinforcing part and the side of the horizontal connecting plate.

4. The method for controlling the verticality of bridge pier formwork according to claim 3, characterized in that: The back rib can completely block the vertical connectors on the lower side of the template. A hollow hole is formed between two arc-shaped plates at the same height of a set of horizontal connectors. The hollow hole and the beveled surface are in continuous contact.

5. The method for controlling the verticality of bridge pier formwork according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step four, after removing the first-floor formwork, check whether there is any misalignment at the corners of the rectangular piers.

Images