A trowel for building work

Abstract

This invention discloses a plastering machine for building construction. A guide rail is fixed to the top of the base, and a movable seat is mounted on the guide rail. The movable seat is slidably fitted onto a vertical rod. A plastering seat is mounted at the front end of the movable seat. A gear is connected to the rear end of a second screw. A first oil chamber is located inside the lower half of the mounting base. A connecting rod is fixed to the front end of the piston head. An extension guide mechanism is embedded in the internal cavity of the movable seat, and this mechanism is used to extend the film spreading mechanism. A gravity shrinkage mechanism is embedded in the internal cavity at the rear end of the plastering seat, and a gravity switching mechanism is also installed in the internal cavity at the rear end of the plastering seat. This plastering machine for building construction allows for the application of a film to the previously plastered wall surface during plastering, preventing damage to the plastered wall surface from falling cement from subsequent plastering operations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building construction technology, specifically to a plastering machine used in building construction. Background Technology

[0002] In building construction, both exterior and interior walls require deep treatment of the original brick surface. This process includes plastering, painting, and surface finishing, with plastering being the foundation and therefore crucial. To improve plastering efficiency, current technologies largely rely on automated plastering machines. However, existing plastering machines suffer from the following problems:

[0003] Most plastering machines used in construction work vertically, one strip at a time, on walls. To ensure there are no noticeable seams between each strip, plastering is often done by overlapping sections of the previous strip. This overlap inevitably leaves excess cement, which falls to the sides as plastering progresses. Existing plastering machines don't readily protect the finished wall surface, and the falling cement easily comes into contact with the wall in front. Since cement adheres to each other, this can cause the cement to either collapse or stick to the wall at the contact point, or it can create a snowball effect, resulting in large areas of depression on the wall. Both of these issues affect the smoothness of the finished wall and require manual intervention. This defeats the purpose of automating plastering machines and reduces their efficiency.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, there is an urgent need for innovative designs based on existing plastering machines used in building construction. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a plastering machine for building construction, in order to solve the problem mentioned in the background art that existing plastering machines for building construction are inconvenient to protect the plastered wall surface. The technical solution of this invention addresses the problem that the existing technical solutions are too simplistic and provides a solution that is significantly different from the existing technology.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a plastering machine for building construction, comprising a base, a guide rail fixed to the top of the base, and a movable seat installed on the guide rail, the movable seat being slidably sleeved on a vertical rod, and the vertical rod being fixed to the middle position of the top of the base, a plastering seat being installed at the front end of the movable seat, and a plastering head being provided at the front end of the plastering seat, and a mortar hopper being installed in the top cavity of the plastering head;

[0007] It also includes a guide rod, which is embedded and rotatably installed at the bottom edge of the plastering base. The front end of the guide rod is connected to a first screw through a bevel gear transmission assembly. The first screw is vertically rotatably installed in the top cavity of the plastering base. A take-up and release seat is threaded on the first screw, and a movable groove is opened on the take-up and release seat. A second screw is horizontally rotatably installed in the movable groove, and a mounting seat is threaded on the second screw. A gear is connected to the rear end of the second screw, and a rack is meshed on one side of the gear. The rack is vertically fixed in the internal cavity of the plastering base.

[0008] The first oil chamber is located inside the lower half of the mounting base, and a piston rod is fitted inside the first oil chamber and fixed to the inner wall of the front end of the movable groove. The upper half of the first oil chamber has a second oil chamber, and a piston head is fitted inside the second oil chamber. The second oil chamber is connected to the first oil chamber. A connecting rod is fixed to the front end of the piston head, and a film spreading mechanism is installed on the connecting rod. The film spreading mechanism is used to cover and protect the plastered wall surface.

[0009] An extension guide mechanism is embedded in the internal cavity of the movable seat and is located at the front end of the plastering seat and connected to the guide rod. The extension guide mechanism is used to realize the extension of the film laying mechanism.

[0010] A gravity shrinkage mechanism is embedded in the internal cavity at the rear end of the plastering seat, and the gravity shrinkage mechanism is used to drive the guide rod to reset.

[0011] A gravity switching mechanism is installed in the internal cavity at the rear end of the plastering base, and the gravity switching mechanism is used to lock and release the gravity retraction mechanism.

[0012] Preferably, the first screw, under the action of the guide rod, drives the take-up and release seat to slide vertically and fit against the top cavity of the plastering seat, and the first screw and the rack are parallel to each other.

[0013] Preferably, the second screw drives the mounting base to slide laterally within the movable groove via gears and racks, and the second screw and rack are perpendicular to each other.

[0014] Preferably, the first oil chamber and the second oil chamber are parallel to each other, and the diameter of the first oil chamber is larger than the diameter of the second oil chamber. A third elastic telescopic rod is fixed between the piston head in the second oil chamber and the inner wall of the second oil chamber.

[0015] Preferably, the film laying mechanism includes a winding drum, which is rotatably mounted on the front end of a connecting rod. A mounting platform is fixed to the front end of the connecting rod and is located above the winding drum. An adsorption plate is fixed to the front end of the mounting platform, and a vacuum pump is installed on the top of the mounting platform. The vacuum pump is connected to the adsorption plate, and a vacuum suction hole is provided at the front end of the adsorption plate to adsorb a protective film. The protective film is wound around the winding drum, and a heating plate is fixed to the top of the adsorption plate.

[0016] Preferably, the protective film is a water-soluble film material, specifically a PVA water-soluble plastic film.

[0017] Preferably, the extension guide mechanism includes a guide shaft, which is embedded and rotatably mounted in the internal cavity of the movable seat. A toothed sleeve is fitted on the guide shaft via a ratchet assembly, and the toothed sleeve is also embedded and rotatably mounted in the internal cavity of the movable seat. A toothed block is engaged on one side of the toothed sleeve, and the toothed blocks are fixed at equal intervals to the front end face of the top of the upright. The guide shaft is connected to the guide rod via a bevel gear transmission assembly.

[0018] Preferably, the gravity retraction mechanism includes a gravity block, which is slidably installed in the rear cavity of the plastering seat, and the gravity block is connected to the guide rod by a pull rope. The middle part of the pull rope is wound around the mounting shaft, and the mounting shaft is rotatably installed in the rear cavity of the plastering seat.

[0019] Preferably, the gravity switching mechanism includes a first elastic telescopic rod, which is embedded in the side wall of the rear cavity of the plastering seat, and the rear end of the first elastic telescopic rod is connected to a limit block. A release rod is provided in the bottom cavity of the limit block, and the release rod is vertically and elastically slidably installed in the interior position of the plastering seat through a second elastic telescopic rod, with the bottom of the release rod extending out of the bottom position of the plastering seat.

[0020] Preferably, the ends of the limiting block and the release rod are both designed as right-angled trapezoidal structures, with the end of the limiting block facing downwards and the end of the limiting block engaging with the front cavity of the gravity block. The end of the release rod has an inclined surface at the front end, and the top of the release rod is parallel to the inclined surface of the bottom cavity of the limiting block.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] 1. In this invention, after the plastering seat moves to its highest point and completes the plastering, it moves down again to further level the wall surface. At this time, the guide shaft in the extended guide mechanism is rotated under force, causing the guide rod to rotate. This causes the first screw to drive the retractable seat to move upward. Simultaneously, in conjunction with the second screw, the first oil chamber, and the second oil chamber, the film laying mechanism moves forward in two stages during the upward movement, attaching the protective film to the wall surface. As the plastering seat continues to move downward, the protective film is laid on the wall surface, protecting the plastered wall surface. In contrast, in traditional technology, to ensure the flatness of the entire wall surface, at the joints... In most cases, overlapping plastering is required in certain areas. During this process, excess cement on the sides will fall off, which can easily affect the already plastered areas, causing unevenness in some areas. In this invention, a protective film is laid on the plastered wall surface, which can greatly protect the wall surface and prevent the falling cement from affecting the flatness. Furthermore, a PVA water-soluble plastic film is used, which has good mechanical properties. It can be dissolved by simply spraying water on the wall surface. There is no need to remove the film, so it will not cause secondary damage to the wall surface. The operation is simple.

[0023] 2. In this invention, the use of a gravity shrinkage mechanism and a gravity switching mechanism allows the gravity block to be pulled up when the guide rod rotates under force. The gravity block is then locked by the gravity switching mechanism. When the plastering seat moves down to the bottom, the release rod in the gravity switching mechanism pushes the limit block to separate from the gravity block. At this time, the downward movement of the gravity block can drive the guide rod to move in the opposite direction by gravity. In conjunction with the first screw, the second screw, the first oil chamber, and the second oil chamber, the automatic shrinkage of the film laying mechanism is achieved without affecting the next plastering operation. This also facilitates the reuse of the film laying mechanism. Throughout the entire process, no additional power is required; the up-and-down movement of the plastering seat is achieved simply by the guide rail. This ensures the timeliness and smoothness of the overall operation while saving energy. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a top view cross-sectional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the front section structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the film laying mechanism of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the extension guide mechanism of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the gravity contraction mechanism of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle.

[0032] In the diagram: 1. Base; 2. Guide rail; 3. Movable seat; 4. Upright pole; 5. Plastering seat; 51. Plastering head; 52. Dust hopper; 6. Guide rod; 7. First screw; 8. Retracting seat; 9. Movable groove; 10. Second screw; 11. Gear; 12. Rack; 13. Mounting seat; 14. First oil chamber; 15. Piston rod; 16. Second oil chamber; 17. Piston head; 171. Third elastic telescopic rod; 18. Connecting rod; 19. Film laying mechanism; 191. Winding drum; 192. Mounting platform; 193. Adsorption plate; 194. Vacuum pump; 195. Protective film; 196. Heating plate; 20. Extension guide mechanism; 201. Guide shaft; 202. Ratchet assembly; 203. Gear sleeve; 204. Gear block; 21. Gravity retraction mechanism; 211. Gravity block; 212. Pull rope; 213. Mounting shaft; 22. Gravity switching mechanism; 221. First elastic telescopic rod; 222. Limiting block; 223. Second elastic telescopic rod; 224. Release rod. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Please see Figure 1-8 This invention provides a technical solution: a plastering machine for building construction, comprising a base 1, a guide rail 2, a movable seat 3, a vertical pole 4, a plastering seat 5, a plastering head 51, a mortar hopper 52, a guide rod 6, a first screw 7, a take-up / retracting seat 8, a movable groove 9, a second screw 10, a gear 11, a rack 12, a mounting base 13, a first oil chamber 14, a piston rod 15, a second oil chamber 16, a piston head 17, a third elastic telescopic rod 171, a connecting rod 18, and a film spreading mechanism. 19. Winding drum 191, mounting platform 192, adsorption plate 193, vacuum pump 194, protective film 195, heating plate 196, extension guide mechanism 20, guide shaft 201, ratchet assembly 202, toothed sleeve 203, toothed block 204, gravity retraction mechanism 21, gravity block 211, pull rope 212, mounting shaft 213, gravity switching mechanism 22, first elastic telescopic rod 221, limit block 222, second elastic telescopic rod 223 and release rod 224.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] Please see Figure 1-6 The system includes a base 1, a guide rail 2 fixed to the top of the base 1, and a movable seat 3 installed on the guide rail 2. The movable seat 3 is slidably sleeved on the upright 4, and the upright 4 is fixed to the middle position of the top of the base 1. A plastering seat 5 is installed at the front end of the movable seat 3, and a plastering head 51 is provided at the front end of the plastering seat 5. A mortar hopper 52 is installed in the top cavity of the plastering head 51. The guide rail 2 drives the plastering seat 5 to move up and down to perform automatic plastering operation on the wall.

[0037] The guide rod 6 is embedded and rotatably installed at the bottom edge of the plastering base 5. The front end of the guide rod 6 is connected to a first screw 7 via a bevel gear transmission assembly. The first screw 7 is vertically rotatably installed in the top cavity of the plastering base 5. A take-up seat 8 is threaded onto the first screw 7, and a movable groove 9 is provided on the take-up seat 8. A second screw 10 is rotatably installed laterally within the movable groove 9, and a mounting seat 13 is threaded onto the second screw 10. A gear 11 is connected to the rear end of the second screw 10, and a rack 12 meshes with one side of the gear 11. The rack 12 is vertically fixed within the internal cavity of the plastering base 5. Under the action of the guide rod 6, the first screw 7 drives the take-up seat 8 to slide vertically within the top cavity of the plastering base 5, and the first screw 7 and rack 12 are parallel to each other. The second screw 10, through the gear 11 and rack 12, drives the mounting seat 13 to slide laterally within the movable groove 9, and the second screw 10 and rack 12 are perpendicular to each other. The extending guide mechanism 20 is embedded in the internal cavity of the movable seat 3 and is located at the front end of the plastering seat 5 and connected to the guide rod 6. The extending guide mechanism 20 is used to extend the film spreading mechanism 19. The extending guide mechanism 20 includes a guide shaft 201, which is embedded and rotatably installed in the internal cavity of the movable seat 3. A toothed sleeve 203 is sleeved on the guide shaft 201 through a ratchet assembly 202. The toothed sleeve 203 is embedded and rotatably installed in the internal cavity of the movable seat 3. A toothed block 204 is engaged on one side of the toothed sleeve 203 and is fixed at equal intervals on the front end face of the top of the upright rod 4. The guide shaft 201 is connected to the guide rod 6 through a bevel gear transmission assembly. When the guide rail 2 drives the plastering seat 5 to move up and then down to reset, the extending guide mechanism 20 drives the guide rod 6 to rotate. The rotation of the guide rod 6 can drive the retracting seat 8 to move up and the mounting seat 13 to move forward synchronously.

[0038] The first oil chamber 14 is located inside the lower half of the mounting base 13, and a piston rod 15 is fitted inside the first oil chamber 14 and fixed to the inner wall of the front end of the movable groove 9. A second oil chamber 16 is located inside the upper half of the first oil chamber 14, and a piston head 17 is fitted inside the second oil chamber 16. The second oil chamber 16 communicates with the first oil chamber 14. A connecting rod 18 is fixed to the front end of the piston head 17, and a film spreading mechanism 19 is mounted on the connecting rod 18. The film spreading mechanism 19 is used to shield and protect the plastered wall surface. The first oil chamber 14 and the second oil chamber 16 are parallel to each other, and the diameter of the first oil chamber 14 is larger than the diameter of the second oil chamber 16. A third elastic telescopic rod 171 is fixed between the piston head 17 in the second oil chamber 16 and the inner wall of the second oil chamber 16. The film spreading mechanism 19 includes a winding drum 191. 191 is rotatably mounted on the front end of the connecting rod 18, and the front end of the connecting rod 18 is fixed with a mounting platform 192, which is located above the winding drum 191. The front end of the mounting platform 192 is fixed with an adsorption plate 193, and a vacuum pump 194 is mounted on the top of the mounting platform 192. The vacuum pump 194 is connected to the adsorption plate 193, and the front end of the adsorption plate 193 is provided with a vacuum suction hole to adsorb a protective film 195. The protective film 195 is wound on the winding drum 191, and a heating plate 196 is fixed on the top of the adsorption plate 193. The protective film 195 is a water-soluble film material, specifically a PVA water-soluble plastic film. Through the cooperation of the first oil chamber 14 and the second oil chamber 16, when the mounting seat 13 moves forward synchronously, the film laying mechanism 19 can move upward and extend to the maximum distance, so that the film laying mechanism 19 is close to the wall. Through the cooperation of the film laying mechanism 19 and the downward movement of the plastering seat 5, the protective film 195 is laid on the wall.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] Please see Figure 1-4 and Figure 6-8The guide rod 6 is embedded and rotatably installed at the bottom edge of the plastering base 5. The front end of the guide rod 6 is connected to the first screw 7 via a bevel gear transmission assembly. The first screw 7 is vertically rotatably installed in the top cavity of the plastering base 5. A take-up seat 8 is threaded onto the first screw 7, and a movable groove 9 is provided on the take-up seat 8. A second screw 10 is rotatably installed laterally in the movable groove 9, and a mounting seat 13 is threaded onto the second screw 10. A gear 11 is connected to the rear end of the second screw 10, and a rack 12 meshes with one side of the gear 11. The rack 12 is vertically fixed in the internal cavity of the plastering base 5. A first oil chamber 14 is located in the lower half of the mounting seat 13. The first oil chamber 14 is fitted with a piston rod 15, which is fixed to the inner wall of the front end of the movable groove 9. A second oil chamber 16 is formed in the upper half of the first oil chamber 14, and a piston head 17 is fitted inside the second oil chamber 16. The second oil chamber 16 communicates with the first oil chamber 14. A connecting rod 18 is fixed to the front end of the piston head 17, and a film spreading mechanism 19 is installed on the connecting rod 18. The film spreading mechanism 19 is used to cover and protect the plastered wall surface. A gravity shrinkage mechanism 21 is embedded in the inner cavity at the rear end of the plastering seat 5, and the gravity shrinkage mechanism 21 is used for… The guide rod 6 is reset; the gravity retraction mechanism 21 includes a gravity block 211, which is slidably installed in the rear cavity of the plastering base 5, and the gravity block 211 is connected to the guide rod 6 through a pull rope 212. The middle part of the pull rope 212 is wound around the mounting shaft 213, and the mounting shaft 213 is rotatably installed in the rear cavity of the plastering base 5; the gravity switching mechanism 22 is installed in the internal cavity of the rear end of the plastering base 5, and the gravity switching mechanism 22 is used to lock and release the gravity retraction mechanism 21; the gravity switching mechanism 22 includes a first elastic telescopic rod 221, which is embedded in the side of the rear cavity of the plastering base 5. On the wall, the rear end of the first elastic telescopic rod 221 is connected to a limiting block 222. A release rod 224 is provided in the bottom cavity of the limiting block 222. The release rod 224 is vertically and elastically slidably installed in the interior position of the plastering seat 5 through the second elastic telescopic rod 223. The bottom of the release rod 224 extends out of the bottom position of the plastering seat 5. The ends of the limiting block 222 and the release rod 224 are both designed as right-angled trapezoidal structures. The end of the limiting block 222 is inclined downwards. The end of the limiting block 222 is in concave-convex fit with the front cavity of the gravity block 211. The end of the release rod 224 is inclined at the front end. The top of the release rod 224 is parallel to the inclined surface of the bottom cavity of the limiting block 222.The gravity shrinkage mechanism 21 works as follows: when the guide rod 6 rotates and extends the film laying mechanism 19, it pulls up the gravity block 211 and restricts its position. When the plastering seat 5 moves to the bottom, the gravity switching mechanism 22 is activated, causing the gravity block 211 to unlock. Gravity then drives the guide rod 6 to rotate in the opposite direction, causing the film laying mechanism 19 to shrink and reset, facilitating reuse.

[0041] Working principle: When using this plastering machine for building construction, such as Figure 1-8 First, move the device to a suitable distance on the wall, add cement to the mortar hopper 52, then activate the guide rail 2. The movable seat 3 moves the plastering seat 5 upwards, while the movable seat 3 slides upwards at the upright 4. The tilted mortar hopper 52, in conjunction with the plastering head 51, evenly spreads cement onto the wall until it reaches the top. Then, the guide rail 2 drives the movable seat 3 and plastering seat 5 downwards, and the plastering head 51 smooths the wall surface again. During this process, some cement will be scraped off, especially at the overlapping joints where it will fall from the sides. At this point, the movable seat 3... As the plastering seat 5 moves downward, the toothed sleeve 203 moves to the position of the toothed block 204. Under the action of the ratchet assembly 202, the clockwise rotation of the toothed sleeve 203 can drive the guide shaft 201 to rotate clockwise. Similarly, under the action of the ratchet assembly 202, when the movable seat 3 moves upward, the counterclockwise rotation of the toothed sleeve 203 will not drive the guide shaft 201 to rotate. At this time, the clockwise rotation of the guide shaft 201 can drive the rotation of the guide rod 6 through the bevel gear transmission assembly, so that the guide rod 6 drives the first screw 7 to rotate through the bevel gear transmission assembly. The first screw 7 drives the take-up and release seat 8 to rotate. The plastering seat 5 moves upward, and under the meshing action of gear 11 and rack 12, the upward movement of the take-up and release seat 8 can drive the second screw 10 to rotate. The second screw 10 drives the mounting seat 13 to move synchronously to the front end. Furthermore, the movement of the mounting seat 13, in conjunction with the piston rod 15, squeezes the first oil chamber 14, causing the oil to enter the second oil chamber 16 and squeeze the piston head 17. The piston head 17 drives the winding drum 191 and the mounting platform 192 to move to the front end through the connecting rod 18. The above structure can realize the movement of the winding drum 191 and the mounting platform 192. During the upward movement of 92, it moves synchronously towards the front end, allowing the adsorption plate 193 and the protective film 195 to adhere to the plastered wall surface. At this time, the vacuum pump 194 rotates in the opposite direction, providing a thrust at the holes on the adsorption plate 193 to adhere the protective film 195 to the wall surface. As the plastering seat 5 continues to move downward, the protective film 195 is unwound from the winding drum 191 and laid on the plastered wall surface to protect it and prevent excess cement from falling directly onto the wall surface and damaging its flatness when plastering the next section of the wall.

[0042] Meanwhile, the rotation of the guide rod 6 can pull the gravity block 211 upward through the pull rope 212 and the mounting shaft 213. When the gravity block 211 moves to the limiting block 222, it contacts the inclined surface of the limiting block 222, causing the limiting block 222 to contract under force until the recess at the bottom edge of the gravity block 211 moves to the limiting block 222. At this time, under the action of the first elastic telescopic rod 221, the limiting block 222 pops out and gets stuck in the recess at the bottom edge of the gravity block 211, fixing the position of the gravity block 211. At this time, the film laying mechanism 19 is also fully extended. When the plastering seat 5 moves to the bottom, the release rod 224 contacts the ground, causing the release rod 224 to move upward under force, and the top of the release rod 224 inserts into the ground. Within the bottom cavity of the limiting block 222, the limiting block 222 contracts, causing it to detach from the gravity block 211. At this point, the gravity block 211 loses its restraint and moves downward, thereby causing the guide rod 6 to rotate in the opposite direction. The guide rod 6 can then drive the first screw 7 to rotate in the opposite direction, allowing the film laying mechanism 19 to be stored in the plastering seat 5. This facilitates the film laying mechanism 19 laying film on the next wall surface. Simultaneously, the protective film 195 can be melted by the heating plate 196, and the protective film 195 can be adsorbed by the vacuum pump 194 and the adsorption plate 193 for easy repetition. The control of the vacuum pump 194 and the heating plate 196 uses existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0043] Contents not described in detail in this specification are prior art known to those skilled in the art. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front end," "rear end," "head," and "tail" indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the accompanying drawings, and are used only for ease of description and simplification, not to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, terms such as "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of this invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0044] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A plastering machine for building construction, comprising a base (1), a guide rail (2) fixed on the top of the base (1), and a movable seat (3) installed on the guide rail (2), the movable seat (3) being slidably sleeved on a vertical rod (4), and the vertical rod (4) being fixed at the middle position of the top of the base (1), a plastering seat (5) being installed at the front end of the movable seat (3), and a plastering head (51) being provided at the front end of the plastering seat (5), and a mortar hopper (52) being installed in the top cavity of the plastering head (51); characterized in that It also includes a guide rod (6), which is embedded and rotatably installed at the bottom edge of the plastering seat (5). The front end of the guide rod (6) is connected to a first screw (7) through a bevel gear transmission assembly. The first screw (7) is vertically rotatably installed in the top cavity of the plastering seat (5). A take-up seat (8) is threaded on the first screw (7), and a movable groove (9) is opened on the take-up seat (8). A second screw (10) is horizontally rotatably installed in the movable groove (9), and a mounting seat (13) is threaded on the second screw (10). A gear (11) is connected to the rear end of the second screw (10), and a rack (12) meshes on one side of the gear (11). The rack (12) is vertically fixed in the internal cavity of the plastering seat (5). The first oil chamber (14) is located inside the lower half of the mounting base (13), and a piston rod (15) is fitted inside the first oil chamber (14). The piston rod (15) is fixed to the inner wall of the front end of the movable groove (9). A second oil chamber (16) is located inside the upper half of the first oil chamber (14), and a piston head (17) is fitted inside the second oil chamber (16). The second oil chamber (16) is connected to the first oil chamber (14). A connecting rod (18) is fixed to the front end of the piston head (17), and a film laying mechanism (19) is installed on the connecting rod (18). The film laying mechanism (19) is used to cover and protect the plastered wall surface. The extension guide mechanism (20) is embedded in the internal cavity of the movable seat (3) and is located at the front end of the plastering seat (5) and connected to the guide rod (6). The extension guide mechanism (20) is used to realize the extension of the film laying mechanism (19). Gravity shrinkage mechanism (21) is embedded in the internal cavity at the rear end of the plastering seat (5), and gravity shrinkage mechanism (21) is used to drive the guide rod (6) to reset; Gravity switching mechanism (22) is installed in the internal cavity at the rear end of the plastering seat (5), and the gravity switching mechanism (22) is used to lock and release the gravity contraction mechanism (21); The film laying mechanism (19) includes a winding drum (191), which is rotatably mounted on the front end of a connecting rod (18). A mounting platform (192) is fixed at the front end of the connecting rod (18), and the mounting platform (192) is located above the winding drum (191). An adsorption plate (193) is fixed at the front end of the mounting platform (192), and a vacuum pump (194) is installed on the top of the mounting platform (192). The vacuum pump (194) is connected to the adsorption plate (193), and a vacuum suction hole is provided at the front end of the adsorption plate (193) to adsorb a protective film (195). The protective film (195) is wound on the winding drum (191), and a heating plate (196) is fixed on the top of the adsorption plate (193). The extension guide mechanism (20) includes a guide shaft (201), which is embedded and rotatably installed in the internal cavity of the movable seat (3). A toothed sleeve (203) is sleeved on the guide shaft (201) through a ratchet assembly (202), and the toothed sleeve (203) is embedded and rotatably installed in the internal cavity of the movable seat (3). A toothed block (204) is engaged on one side of the toothed sleeve (203), and the toothed blocks (204) are fixed at equal intervals on the front end face of the top of the upright (4). The guide shaft (201) is connected to the guide rod (6) through a bevel gear transmission assembly.

2. A trowel for use in building construction according to claim 1 wherein: The first screw (7) drives the take-up seat (8) to slide vertically in the cavity at the top of the plastering seat (5) under the action of the guide rod (6), and the first screw (7) and the rack (12) are parallel to each other.

3. A trowel for use in building construction according to claim 2 wherein: The second screw (10) drives the mounting base (13) to slide laterally in the movable groove (9) through the gear (11) and rack (12), and the second screw (10) and rack (12) are perpendicular to each other.

4. A trowel for use in building construction according to claim 3 wherein: The first oil chamber (14) and the second oil chamber (16) are parallel to each other, and the diameter of the first oil chamber (14) is larger than the diameter of the second oil chamber (16). A third elastic telescopic rod (171) is fixed between the piston head (17) in the second oil chamber (16) and the inner wall of the second oil chamber (16).

5. A trowel for use in building construction according to claim 4 wherein: The protective film (195) is a water-soluble film material, specifically a PVA water-soluble plastic film.

6. A trowel for use in building construction according to claim 5 wherein: The gravity shrinkage mechanism (21) includes a gravity block (211), which is slidably installed in the rear cavity of the plastering seat (5). The gravity block (211) is connected to the guide rod (6) through a pull rope (212). The middle part of the pull rope (212) is wound around the mounting shaft (213), and the mounting shaft (213) is rotatably installed in the rear cavity of the plastering seat (5).

7. A plastering machine for building construction according to claim 6, characterized in that: The gravity switching mechanism (22) includes a first elastic telescopic rod (221), which is embedded in the side wall of the rear cavity of the plastering seat (5). The rear end of the first elastic telescopic rod (221) is connected to a limit block (222). A release rod (224) is provided in the bottom cavity of the limit block (222). The release rod (224) is vertically and elastically slidably installed in the interior position of the plastering seat (5) through a second elastic telescopic rod (223). The bottom of the release rod (224) extends out of the bottom position of the plastering seat (5).

8. A trowel for use in building construction according to claim 7 wherein: The ends of the limiting block (222) and the release rod (224) are both designed as right-angled trapezoidal structures. The end of the limiting block (222) has a downward slope, and the end of the limiting block (222) is in concave-convex fit with the front cavity of the gravity block (211). The end of the release rod (224) has a slope at the front end, and the top of the release rod (224) is parallel to the slope of the bottom cavity of the limiting block (222).

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